Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 5. 3| orthopaedic injuries and stress fractures, ruptured oesophagus, high
2 II, 5. 6. 1| and associated fragility fractures; (3) spinal disorders e.g.
3 II, 5. 6. 1| injuries e.g. high energy limb fractures, strains and sprains often
4 II, 5. 6. 2| Burden of Osteoporosis and Fractures in Developing Countries,
5 II, 5. 6. 3| Osteoporosis and low trauma fractures~ ~Definition~ ~Osteoporosis
6 II, 5. 6. 3| characteristic low-trauma fractures, the best documented of
7 II, 5. 6. 3| vertebral and distal forearm fractures.~ ~Natural history~ ~A classical
8 II, 5. 6. 3| menopause, a family history of fractures, smoking, heavy alcohol
9 II, 5. 6. 3| with subsequent vertebral fractures. Approximately 10–15 years
10 II, 5. 6. 3| present any of a wide range of fractures and at a variety of ages;
11 II, 5. 6. 3| indirectly as the incidence of fractures resulting from the condition.
12 II, 5. 6. 3| lifetime risk of fragility fractures at the age of 50 or more
13 II, 5. 6. 3| Estimated lifetime risks of fractures in the UK at various ages~ ~
14 II, 5. 6. 3| populations the incidence of hip fractures strongly increases with
15 II, 5. 6. 3| Overall, about 98% of hip fractures occur among people aged
16 II, 5. 6. 3| 2000 there were 178,777 hip fractures sustained by men over 50,
17 II, 5. 6. 3| Most distal forearm fractures occur in women (the age-adjusted
18 II, 5. 6. 3| the twenty-first.~ ~Most fractures in subjects aged over 50
19 II, 5. 6. 3| pelvic and proximal tibial fractures also rise steeply with age
20 II, 5. 6. 3| 80% of proximal humeral fractures occur in individuals aged
21 II, 5. 6. 3| distal femur fracture and fractures of the rib, clavicle and
22 II, 5. 6. 3| developmental changes rather than fractures. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted
23 II, 5. 6. 3| Akesson, 2003).~ ~Most hip fractures occur after a fall in men
24 II, 5. 6. 3| relationship with fracture but many fractures will also occur in women
25 II, 5. 6. 3| Estimated 10 year risks of fractures in the UK at various ages~ ~
26 II, 5. 6. 3| progressive compression fractures and deformities, is associated
27 II, 5. 6. 3| whilst undiagnosed vertebral fractures are associated with disability.
28 II, 5. 6. 3| contributory factor in hip fractures and a determinant of outcome (
29 II, 5. 6. 3| Johnell, 1993).~ ~Vertebral fractures are also associated with
30 II, 5. 6. 3| is associated with wrist fractures (Center et al, 1999; Cooper
31 II, 5. 6. 3| The number of osteoporotic fractures is increasing throughout
32 II, 5. 6. 3| Europe, and the number of hip fractures is projected to more than
33 II, 5. 6. 6| crippling consequences of fractures and their impact on quality
34 II, 5. 6. 6| survival after osteoporotic fractures. Am.J Epidemiol 137:1001-
35 II, 5. 6. 6| women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J
36 II, 5. 6. 6| Incidence of vertebral fractures in Europe: results from
37 II, 5. 6. 6| Mortality after osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 15:38-42~
38 II, 5. 6. 6| Functional recovery after fractures of the distal forearm. Analysis
39 II, 5. 6. 6| 1995): Epidemiology of fractures. In Osteoporosis: Etiology,
40 II, 5. 6. 6| outcomes of osteoporotic fractures in the general population.
41 II, 5. 6. 6| without prevalent vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res 15:1384-
42 II, 5. 6. 6| 2001): Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Bone
43 II, 5. 6. 6| Akesson K (2003): Preventing fractures in elderly people. BMJ 327:
44 II, 5. 6. 6| Burden of osteoporosis and fractures in developing countries.
45 II, 5. 8. 3| angina, cataracts, bone fractures, osteoporosis, pneumonia,
46 II, 5. 8. 3| 1.7), angina (RR = 1.7), fractures (RR = 1.6), and glaucoma (
47 II, 7. 1 | not only to know how many fractures or head injuries have occurred,
48 II, 9. 3. 1| at high risk of further fractures. The incidence of hip, humerus
49 II, 9. 3. 1| overall lifetime risk for fractures in women in the United States
50 II, 9. 3. 1| about 1.26 million hip fractures occur each year, a number
51 II, 9. 3. 1| osteoporosis and related bone fractures increase with age. Low bone
52 II, 9. 3. 1| intake. Severe bone loss and fractures are not natural consequences
53 II, 9. 3. 1| further loss of bone mass or fractures until the disease worsens.~ ~
54 II, 9. 3. 1| men tend to suffer bone fractures approximately 10 years later
55 II, 9. 3. 1| mortality associated to fractures and their (surgical) treatment
56 II, 9. 4. 3| than 10% of falls result in fractures, but 20% require medical
57 II, 9. 4. 3| require medical cares. Hip fractures are increasing and represent
58 III, 10. 2. 1| lung function*~Colon~Hip fractures~ ~Reproductive effects in
59 III, 10. 2. 1| osteoporosis and hence bone fractures as the vitamin is essential
60 III, 10. 2. 1| hence have a greater risk of fractures. Osteoporosis affects one
61 III, 10. 2. 1| loss and reduce the risk of fractures. While it is recommended
62 IV, 13. 5 | increased risks of falls and fractures and disability in performing
63 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| food-borne~formaldehyde~fracture~fractures~fragile~France~fumes~fumonisins~
