5.10.4. Data discussion

An accurate estimation of the real prevalence of FA and intolerance among specific population subgroups in different EU countries is both the first step to calculate the real cost and social burden linked to them and the first measure to limit the latter. On one hand, true allergic reactions to food are often under-diagnosed in the clinical setting due to the low awareness of health professionals regarding the disease. On the other hand, self-perceived hypersensitivity to food and over-diagnosis of FA and intolerance due to inadequate diagnostic procedures may lead to unnecessary dietary restrictions, which are of particular concern in certain age groups such as children and pregnant or lactating women.

The social burden of FA and intolerance goes far beyond the cost of diagnosis, treatment of clinical manifestations, death and disability linked to anaphylactic reactions, and leads to the avoidance of the incriminated food. Patients and their families tend to restrict food choices, limit social occasions linked to food consumption and show high anxiety about severe reactions, which may in the long run lead to social isolation and mental health problems (Knibb et al, 2000).