Omws edw 0a xreiastei mia prwth paren0esh: ena erwthma pou

dhmiourgei to oroshmo tou 1354.

    Einai arage 0emito na milame gia Ellhnismo kai  gia ellhniko

politismo ston 14o aiwna? Htan loipon Ellhnes oi "Byzantinoi", oi

katoikoi ths anatolikhs kai polue0nikhs Rwmaikhs Autokratorias?

    O trpos pou spoudaxoume shmera thn Istoria proupo0etei -

sxedon autonohta kapoies sxhamtopoihseis: isws anapofeuktes

prokeimenou na ti0aseusoume to istoriko uliko. Diairoume

sxhmatika ton istoriko xrono se periodous kai diastelloume,

epishs sxhmatika, tous politismous h tis e0nothtes. Kai h logikh

ten istorikwn mas sxhmatopoihsewn, polu suxna, pie0arxei se

krithria pou exoume shmera gia ton "politismo" h thn "e0nothta"

kai pou den einai opwsdhpote ta krithria kai oi antilhpseis ths

epoxhs pou e3etazoume.

    Etsi kai sto sugxrono ellhniko ktaros, gia polles deaketies,

oi Ellhnes didaskontan sta sxoleia thn istoria tous xwrismenh se

treis megales kai mallon sxhmatikes periodous: Thn periodo ths

arxaias Elladas apo thn prwtoelladikh  kai prwtominwikh epoxh

(2900 p.X.) ws thn katakthsh ths tou elladikou xwrou apo tous

Rwmaious (146 p.X.) h ws to kleisimo twn teleutaiwn filosofikwn

sxolwn ths A0hnas (529 m.X.). Thn periodo ths "byzantinhs" h

messaiwnikhs Elladas apo thn idrush ths Kwn/polhs (325 m.X.) ws

kai thn ptwsh ths (1453). Kai thn periodo ths newterhs Elladas

apo to 1453 ws shmera.

    Auth h ekpaideutika pagiwmenh diairesh ths ellhnikhs

istorias aphxouse mian antilhpsh diaxronikhs enothtas tou

Ellhnismou-kai malista me bash thn e0nofuletikh omoigeneia. Enos

Ellhnismou fuletika eniaiou mesa sth diadromh twn genewn: me

sunexh biologikh diadoxh apo ta arxaiotata xronia ws shmera.

    Gi' auto kai otan polu egkaira, ston 19o aiwna, kapoios

ashmantos germanos istorikos, o Fallmerayer, amfisbhthse thn

apeu0eias katagegh twn shmerinwn Ellhnwn apo tous arxaious, h

taraxh pou proklh0hke sto elladiko kratidio htan apokaluptikh

mias ba0uterhs sugxushs. Oi Neoellhnes den h3eran pws naorisoun

thn ellhnikothta tous. Kai to megalutero skandalo htan h

"byzantinh" h messaiwnikh periodos ths istorias tous: Me poio

krithrio na anagnwris0oun ws Ellhnes oi katoikoi auths ths

panspernias twn fulwn pou sugkrotousan thn Anatolikh Rwmaikh

Autokratoria-mian autokratoria wstoso me kuriarxh glwssa thn

ellhnikh, me filosofia kai texnh pou sunexize organika kai

anepla0e dhmiourgika thn arxaioellhnikh klhronomia. Sigoura oi

"byzantinoi" Pateres ths Ekklhsias-kapoioi me spoudes sthn A0hna

sunexizan ton problhmatismo kai ton logo tou Platwna, tou

Aristotelh, ths Stoas kai twn Neoplatwnikwn, omws parallhla

egrafan logous "kata Ellhnwn", afou sthn epoxh tous h le3h

Ellhnas shmaine apokleistika kai mono eidwlolatrhs. Alla kai o

sunolos plh0usmos prepei na gnwrize arketa kala ta keimena twn

eidwlolatrwn Ellhnwn, afou epi xilia peripou xronia alfabhtari

gia thn ekma0hsh anagnwshs kai grafhs htan o Omhros.

    To dusepiluto problhma orismou ths ellhnikothtas

diaiwnizetai sto neoellhniko kratidio ws shmera. Uparxoun panta

kapoioi "proodeutikoi" dianooumenoi, pou 0ewroun upotimhtikh ka0e

"epimei3ia" tou Ellhnismou me ton Xristianismo kai amfisbhtoun

peismatika thn ellhnikothta ths "Byzantinhs" Autokratorias. Opws

uparxoun kai kapoioi xristianoi dianooumenoi, me ideologika

epe3ergasmenh pisth, pou protimane to onoma tou "Rwmiou" kai ths

"Rwmiosunhs" sth 0esh tou Ellhna kai ths ellhnikothtas. Uphr3e

kai neollhnas Prw0upourgos kai Proedros ths Ellhnikhs

Dhmokratias, pou den distaze na milaei gia tis pollaples

upodoulwseis pou gnwrisan oi Ellhnes: prwta stous Rwmaious,

ustera stous Rwmaious, ustera stous Buzantinous kai meta stous

Tourkous!...

    Den einai dunato na proseggisoume th sxesh tou Ellhnismou me

th Dush sta newtera xronia, xwris na diatupwsoume katarxhn mia

protash e3odou apo thn pelwria auth sugxush-protash kapoiou

orismou ths ellhnikothtas. H protash einai na doume thn Ellada

oxi katarxhn ws TOPO, alla katarxhn ws TROPO tou biou.

    Den mporei na amfisbhthsei kaneis to gegonos oti o

Ellhnismos apekthse gewgrafika sunora gia prwth fora ston 19o

aiwna -molis prin apo ekaton e3hnta xronia. Kai oti auta ta

sunora tou sumbatikou elladikou kratidiou pou proekupse apo thn

epanastash enantia stous Tourkous afhnan ape3w ta tria tetarta

twn ellhnofwnwn plh0usmwn ths tote O0wmanikhs Autokratorias.

    H arxaia Ellada den eixe eniaia kratikh upostash, oute kai

sunora. Htan to sunolo twn "ellhnidwn polewn"-ane3arthtes poleis

krath, pou aplwnotan apo thn Makedonia ws thn Krhth kai apo thn

Iwnia ws thn Sikelia, thn katw kai kentrikh Italia. Oi poleis

autes anagnwrizontan ws "ellhnides" oxi mono gia thn koinh tous

ellhnikh glwssa, alla kai gia ton koino tropo tou biou, dhladh

ton koino politismo tous [H koinh ellhnikh suneidhsh  ginetai

xarakthristika ekdhlh stis periptwseis twn koinwn eortwn kai

agwnwn (sthn Olumpia, sthn Nemea, ston Is0mo ths Korin0ou kai

stous Delfous), opou mono Ellhnes mporousan na summetasxoun,

ane3arthta apo thn polh katagwghs tous]. 0a apaitouse mia ektenh

anaptu3h to periexomeno ths le3hs POLITISMOS, alla kai mono h

tautish me ton TROPO tou biou mporei na einai enas katarxhn

orismos.

    Ston 4o p.X. aiwna o Megas Alexandros enwnei katw apo th

stratiwtikh tou isxu tis perissoteres ellhnides poleis,

prokeimenou na epixeirhsei mia megalepibolh ekstrateia enantion

twn Perswn. Katatropwnei tous Perses, alla sunexizei thn

ekstrateia tou ws thn Baktrianh kai tis Indies. O tropos me ton

opoio o Ale3andros antilambanetai thn katakthsh autwn twn

aperantwn perioxwn  -apo tis noties aktes ths Kaspias ws thn

Palaistinh, Babulwna, Aigupto kai ws ton Indiko wkeano einai na

idruei pantou kainourgies ellhnides poleis, pou metaferoun ton

ellhniko TROPO tou biou se ka0e gwnia tou tote gnwstou kosmou.

Etsi gennietai o "megas kosmos" ths ellhnikhs oikoumenhs ena

ekplhktiko fainomeno politismikhs ekrh3hs pou den exei to omoio

sthn Istoria.

    Otan argotera h Rwmh, akolou0wntas to orama tou Ale3androu,

0a enopoihsei ne tis dikes ths katakthseis kai katw apo to diko

dioikhtiko susthma ena megalo meros twn e3llhnismenwn apo ton

Ale3andro perioxwn, to koino kai sunektiko stoixeio ths

autokratorias ths 0a parameinei o ellhnikos politismos.

Suneidhtopoioume oxi mono thn ektash, alla kai to ba0os h thn

poiothta e3llhnismou ths rwmaikhs "oikoumenhs", otan diabazoume

ta ellhnika keimena enos fanatika sunthrrhtikou Ebraiou: tis

epistole tou Apostolou Paulou. Oi Ebraioi htan laos pou

antista0hke s0enara kai me aimathro timhma ston e3llhnismo tou,

kai oPaulos anhke sthn pio sunthrhtikh koinwnikh omada twn

Ebraiwn, stous Farisaious. Ki omws o e0nofuletikos sunthrhtismos

tou den ton empodizei na xeirizetai thn ellhnikh glwssa, tis

ellhnikes filosofikes ennoies, alla kai kapoious ellhnes

suggrafeis, me mian euxereia pou duskola 0a thn sunagwnizotan

opoiosdhpote Ale3andrinos h kai A0hnaios ths epoxhs tou.

    Apo ton 2o kiolas p.X. aiwna, h idia latinikh aristokratia

ths Rwmhs protimaei stis koinwnikes anastrofes th xrhsh ths

ellhinkhs glwssas, kai otan ton 1o m.X. aiwna o Paulos kai pali

grafei thn epistolh tou pros Rwmaious, den dianoeitai na

xrhsimopoihsei ta latinika. Duomisi aiwnes argotera, h politikh

kai stratiwtikh idiofuia tou Dioklhtianou 0a diakrinei oti to

kentro twn istorikwn e3li3ewn exei oristika metate9ei sthn

ellhnikh Anatolh, gi' auto kai 0a perasei to megalutero meros ths

basileias tou sthn Nikomhdeia. Etsi exei proetoimas0ei kai to

tolmhro egxeirhma tou Megalou Kwnstantinou na meta0esei to kentro

ths autokratorias se mia kainourgia ellhnikh prwteuousa, th Nea

Rwmh, pou o laos 0a thn apokalesei Kwn'polh.