bold = Main text
Chapter, Paragraph grey = Comment text
1 Pre, 1 | was held to be the "first and chief article"1 and at the
2 Pre, 1 | first and chief article"1 and at the same time the "ruler
3 Pre, 1 | the same time the "ruler and judge over all other Christian
4 Pre, 1 | was particularly asserted and defended in its Reformation
5 Pre, 1 | in its Reformation shape and special valuation over against
6 Pre, 1 | the Roman Catholic Church and theology of that time, which
7 Pre, 1 | which in turn asserted and defended a doctrine of justification
8 Pre, 1 | the Lutheran Confessions3 and by the Roman Catholic Church'
9 Pre, 1 | condemnations are still valid today and thus have a church-dividing
10 Pre (3) | the Augsburg Confession and Luther's Small Catechism
11 Pre, 3 | following reports: "The Gospel and the Church" (1972)4 and "
12 Pre, 3 | and the Church" (1972)4 and "Church and Justification" (
13 Pre, 3 | Church" (1972)4 and "Church and Justification" (1994)5 by
14 Pre, 3 | Catholic dialogue in the USA and "The Condemnations of the
15 Pre (6) | Lutheran and Catholics in Dialogue VII (
16 Pre, 3 | Working Group of Protestant and Catholic theologians in
17 Pre, 4 | agreement in their approaches and conclusions. The time has
18 Pre, 4 | therefore come to take stock and to summarize the results
19 Pre, 4 | with the necessary accuracy and brevity, and thereby be
20 Pre, 4 | necessary accuracy and brevity, and thereby be enabled to make
21 Pre, 5 | subscribing Lutheran churches and the Roman Catholic Church9
22 Pre, 5 | doctrine of justification and shows that the remaining
23 Pre, 6 | alongside the dialogue reports and documents to date, let alone
24 Pre, 6 | repeated reference to them and their arguments. ~
25 Pre, 7 | controversial questions and doctrinal condemnations,
26 Pre, 7 | examine the divisive questions and condemnations and see them
27 Pre, 7 | questions and condemnations and see them in a new light.~
28 1, 8 | Eccl/Qo 8:9f; Ezra 9:6f) and human disobedience (Gen
29 1, 8 | 1 [cf. 53:11]; Jer 9:24) and "judgment" (Eccl/Qo 12:14;
30 1, 9 | treatments of "righteousness" and "justification" are found
31 1, 9 | Hebrews (5:3; 10:37f), and James (2:14-26)10. In Paul'
32 1 (10)| responses by Joseph A. Fitzmyer and Jerome D. Quinn (Philadelphia;
33 1, 10 | faith for faith" (Rom 1:16f) and that grants "justification" (
34 1, 10 | 23:6). In Christ's death and resurrection all dimensions
35 1, 10 | death for our trespasses and raised for our justification" (
36 1, 10 | since all have sinned and fall short of the glory
37 1, 10 | 22). In Galatians (3:6) and Romans (4:3-9), Paul understands
38 1, 10 | justifies the sinner (Rom 4:5) and calls upon the testimony
39 1, 10 | been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing;
40 1, 11 | dominating power of sin and death (Rom 5:12-21) and
41 1, 11 | and death (Rom 5:12-21) and from the curse of the law (
42 1, 11 | It unites with Christ and with his death and resurrection (
43 1, 11 | Christ and with his death and resurrection (Rom 6:5).
44 1, 11 | the Holy Spirit in baptism and incorporation into the one
45 1, 12 | Word of Christ (Rom 10:17) and is active through love (
46 1, 12 | are assailed from within and without by powers and desires (
47 1, 12 | within and without by powers and desires (Rom 8:35-39; Gal
48 1, 12 | Rom 8:35-39; Gal 5:16-21) and fall into sin (1 Jn 1:8,
49 1, 12 | participate in Christ's body and blood, and be exhorted to
50 1, 12 | Christ's body and blood, and be exhorted to live righteously
51 1, 12 | own salvation with fear and trembling; for it is God
52 1, 12 | enabling you both to will and to work for his good pleasure" (
53 1, 12 | Christ Jesus" (Rom 8:1), and in whom Christ lives (Gal
54 1, 12 | righteousness leads to justification and life for all" (Rom 5:18).~
55 2, 13 | Opposing interpretations and applications of the biblical
56 2, 13 | division of the Western church and led as well to doctrinal
57 2, 13 | is therefore fundamental and indispensable to overcoming
58 2, 13 | recent biblical studies and drawing on modern investigations
59 2, 13 | the history of theology and dogma, the post-Vatican
60 3, 14 | 14.The Lutheran churches and the Roman Catholic Church
61 3, 15 | sinners. The foundation and presupposition of justification
62 3, 15 | the incarnation, death, and resurrection of Christ.
63 3, 15 | in Christ's saving work and not because of any merit
64 3, 15 | we are accepted by God and receive the Holy Spirit,
65 3, 15 | our hearts while equipping and calling us to good works11. ~
66 3, 16 | Spirit who works through word and sacrament in the community
67 3, 16 | the community of believers and who, at the same time, leads
68 3, 17 | solely due to the forgiving and renewing mercy that God
69 3, 17 | that God imparts as a gift and we receive in faith, and
70 3, 17 | and we receive in faith, and never can merit in any way. ~
71 3, 18 | which takes up this message and explicates it, is more than
72 3, 18 | orient all the teaching and practice of our churches
73 3, 18 | not deny the interrelation and significance of all truths
74 3, 18 | justification. Lutherans and Catholics share the goal
75 3, 18 | Holy Spirit gives himself and pours out his renewing gifts. [
76 4 | 4.1 Human Powerlessness and Sin in Relation to Justification~
77 4, 19 | possess in relation to persons and the things of this world
78 4, 19 | stand under God's judgment and are incapable of turning
79 4, 19 | grace. Because Catholics and Lutherans confess this together,
80 4, 20 | cooperate" in preparing for and accepting justification
81 4, 21 | they actively oppose God and his saving action. Lutherans
82 4 | Justification as Forgiveness of Sins and Making Righteous~
83 4, 22 | God forgives sin by grace and at the same time frees human
84 4, 22 | from sin's enslaving power and imparts the gift of new
85 4, 22 | imputes to them their sin and through the Holy Spirit
86 4, 22 | both the forgiveness of sin and the saving presence of God
87 4, 22 | himself. Because Catholics and Lutherans confess this together,
88 4, 23 | declaration of forgiveness and that only in union with
89 4, 23 | free from human cooperation and is not dependent on the
90 4 | 3 Justification by Faith and through Grace~
91 4, 25 | which includes hope in God and love for him. Such a faith
92 4, 25 | faith is active in love and thus the Christian cannot
93 4, 25 | thus the Christian cannot and should not remain without
94 4, 26 | wholly in their Creator and Redeemer and thus live in
95 4, 26 | their Creator and Redeemer and thus live in communion with
96 4, 26 | dimensions of the person and leads to a life in hope
97 4, 26 | leads to a life in hope and love. In the doctrine of "
98 4, 26 | between justification itself and the renewal of one's way
99 4, 26 | follows from justification and without which faith does
100 4, 26 | justification. Justification and renewal are joined in Christ,
101 4, 27 | baptism as hearers of the word and believers in it. The justification
102 4, 27 | sinners is forgiveness of sins and being made righteous by
103 4, 27 | from Christ faith, hope, and love and are thereby taken
104 4, 27 | Christ faith, hope, and love and are thereby taken into communion
105 4, 27 | totally on God's graciousness and remains constantly dependent
106 4, 27 | dependent on the salvific and creative working of this
107 4, 27 | renewal in faith, hope, and love is always dependent
108 4, 27 | God's unfathomable grace and contributes nothing to justification
109 4, 28 | with Christ, justifies, and truly renews the person.
110 4, 28 | attacks (cf. Rom 6:12-14) and are not exempt from a lifelong
111 4, 28 | again called to conversion and penance, and are ever again
112 4, 28 | conversion and penance, and are ever again granted forgiveness. ~
113 4, 29 | the same time righteous and sinner." Believers are totally
114 4, 29 | their sins through Word and Sacrament and grants the
115 4, 29 | through Word and Sacrament and grants the righteousness
116 4, 29 | repeatedly turn to false gods and do not love God with that
117 4, 29 | been born anew by baptism and the Holy Spirit has this
118 4, 29 | longer brings damnation and eternal death15. Thus, when
119 4, 29 | persons are also sinners and that their opposition to
120 4, 29 | are not separated from God and that this sin is a "ruled"
121 4, 30 | sin "in the proper sense" and that is "worthy of damnation" (
122 4, 30 | concupiscence) which comes from sin and presses toward sin. Since,
123 4, 30 | involve a personal element and since this element is lacking
124 4, 30 | original design for humanity and that it is objectively in
125 4, 30 | in contradiction to God and remains one's enemy in lifelong
126 4, 30 | punishment of eternal death17 and does not separate the justified
127 4, 30 | they must receive pardon and peace in the Sacrament of
128 4 | 4.5 Law and Gospel~
129 4, 31 | Christ has fulfilled the law and by his death and resurrection
130 4, 31 | the law and by his death and resurrection has overcome
131 4, 31 | validity for the justified and that Christ has by his teaching
132 4, 31 | Christ has by his teaching and example expressed God's
133 4, 32 | state that the distinction and right ordering of law and
134 4, 32 | and right ordering of law and gospel is essential for
135 4, 32 | theological use, the law is demand and accusation. Throughout their
136 4, 33 | salvation has been fulfilled and overcome through the gospel,
137 4, 34 | faithful can rely on the mercy and promises of God. In spite
138 4, 34 | spite of their own weakness and the manifold threats to
139 4, 34 | strength of Christ's death and resurrection they can build
140 4, 34 | promise of God's grace in Word and Sacrament and so be sure
141 4, 34 | grace in Word and Sacrament and so be sure of this grace. ~
142 4, 35 | but look solely to Christ and trust only him. In trust
143 4, 36 | from one's own experience, and to trust in Christ's forgiving
144 4, 36 | from the darkness of sin and death and awakens us to
145 4, 36 | darkness of sin and death and awakens us to eternal life20.
146 4, 36 | one cannot believe in God and at the same time consider
147 4, 36 | one may doubt God's mercy and Christ's merit. Every person,
148 4, 36 | upon his own weaknesses and shortcomings. Recognizing
149 4, 37 | life lived in faith, hope and love - follow justification
150 4, 37 | love - follow justification and are its fruits. When the
151 4, 37 | justified live in Christ and act in the grace they receive,
152 4, 37 | fulfill. Thus both Jesus and the apostolic Scriptures
153 4, 38 | made possible by grace and the working of the Holy
154 4, 38 | comes from God is preserved and communion with Christ is
155 4, 39 | a preservation of grace and a growth in grace and faith
156 4, 39 | grace and a growth in grace and faith is also held by Lutherans.
157 4, 39 | righteousness as acceptance by God and sharing in the righteousness
158 4, 39 | Christians as the fruits and signs of justification and
159 4, 39 | and signs of justification and not as one's own "merits",
160 5 | 5. The Significance and Scope of the Consensus Reached~
161 5, 40 | exists between Lutherans and Catholics. In light of this
162 5, 40 | theological elaboration, and emphasis in the understanding
163 5, 40 | Therefore the Lutheran and the Catholic explications
164 5, 40 | difference open to one another and do not destroy the consensus
165 5, 42 | must attend in our teaching and practice21. ~
166 5, 43 | come to influence the life and teachings of our churches.
167 5, 43 | between the Word of God and church doctrine, as well
168 5, 43 | ministry, the sacraments, and the relation between justification
169 5, 43 | relation between justification and social ethics. We are convinced
170 5, 43 | clarification. The Lutheran churches and the Roman Catholic Church
171 5, 43 | understanding of justification and to make it bear fruit in
172 5, 43 | it bear fruit in the life and teaching of the churches. ~
173 App | Justification~In parts 3 and 4 of the "Joint Declaration"
174 App | edited by Harding Meyer and Lukas Vischer, New York/
175 App | Justification by Faith, Lutherans and Catholics in Dialogue VII,
176 App | Lutheran Church of Germany and the LWF German National
177 App | Edited by Karl Lehmann and Wolfhart Pannenberg, Minneapolis,
178 App | Justification (paras 17 and 18) (LV:E 68f; VELKD 95) ~- "...
179 App | a faith centered and forensically conceived picture
180 App | major importance for Paul and, in a sense, for the Bible
181 App | the practices, structures, and theologies of the church
182 App | proclamation of God's free and merciful promises in Christ
183 App | church practices, structures, and traditions precisely because
184 App | Christian teachings, practices, and offices should so function
185 App | salvation of the faithful and the praise and honor of
186 App | faithful and the praise and honor of the heavenly Father" (
187 App | doctrine of justification - and, above all, its biblical
188 App | whether its proclamation and its praxis correspond to
189 App | testing the whole doctrine and practice of our churches,
190 App | 157). ~- "For Lutherans and Catholics, the doctrine
191 App | whether its proclamation and its praxis correspond to
192 App | sacramentology, ecclesiology and ethical teachings still
193 App | 4.1:Human Powerlessness and Sin in Relation to Justification (
194 App | repentance, prayer for grace, and desire for forgiveness,
195 App | when the Word touches it and creates faith" (LV:E 46f). ~- "
196 App | Tridentine canons 4, 5, 6 and 9 still constitute a notable
197 App | Justification as Forgiveness of Sins and Making Righteous (paras.
198 App | justification we are both declared and made righteous. Justification,
199 App | promises; he forgives sin and makes us truly righteous" (
200 App | doctrine stresses: the creative and renewing character of God'
201 App | sins, there is also life and salvation'" (VELKD 86,15-
202 App | personal character of grace, and its link with the Word;
203 App | 3:Justification by Faith and through Grace (paras.25-
204 App | justification through grace; and on the other hand, Protestant
205 App | the triad of 'faith, hope, and love'" (LV:E 52). ~- "We
206 App | always means love to God and hope in him and is expressed
207 App | love to God and hope in him and is expressed in the love
208 App | faith merits justification and that all of God's saving
209 App | faith as the forgiveness and fellowship with Christ effected
210 App | the flesh is dead to sin and the new man or woman in
211 App | the same time: faith, hope and charity" (DH 1530). ~- "
212 App | to God's promise in Word and Sacrament is sufficient
213 App | distinction between justification and sanctification, of faith
214 App | sanctification, of faith and works, which however implies
215 App | contribute' to justification, and is certainly not a contribution
216 App | renewal in faith, hope, and love is certainly nothing
217 App | stresses that grace is personal and linked with the Word, that
218 App | effected by God's word itself, and that the renewal of the
219 App | contribute to justification, and is certainly not a contribution
220 App | 81ff) ~- "For however just and holy, they fall from time
221 App | tendencies. Concupiscence and other effects of original
222 App | other effects of original and personal sin, according
223 App | doctrines laid down at Trent and by the Reformers are at
224 App | maintaining that original sin, and also the concupiscence that
225 App | Christian as 'being justified and sinner at the same time' (
226 App | a 'contradiction to God' and thus qualifies it as sin" (
227 App | 82,29-39). ~For 4.5:Law and Gospel (paras. 31-33) ~-
228 App | This law was fulfilled and overcome in Christ. This
229 App | in Christ. This statement and the consequences from it
230 App | The question is: How can, and how may, human beings live
231 App | spite of their weakness, and with that weakness?" (LV:
232 App | 53). ~- "The foundation and the point of departure [
233 App | Reformers is] ..the reliability and sufficiency of God's promise,
234 App | sufficiency of God's promise, and the power of Christ's death
235 App | power of Christ's death and resurrection; human weakness,
236 App | resurrection; human weakness, and the threat to faith and
237 App | and the threat to faith and salvation which that involves" (
238 App | mercy on account of Christ;" and that we must not doubt "
239 App | God, the merit of Christ and the power and efficacy of
240 App | of Christ and the power and efficacy of the sacraments;
241 App | while he regards himself and his own weakness and lack
242 App | himself and his own weakness and lack of dispositions, to
243 App | dispositions, to be anxious and fearful about his own state
244 App | 9, DH 1534). ~- "Luther and his followers go a step
245 App | should avert our eyes from it and take seriously, practically,
246 App | seriously, practically, and personally the objective
247 App | turn his eyes away from it, and should look only to Christ'
248 App | you loose on earth?.... and to focus believers on the
249 App | away from their experience, and to rely on Christ alone
250 App | to rely on Christ alone and his word of forgiveness [
251 App | lose or renounce faith, and self-commitment to God and
252 App | and self-commitment to God and his word of promise. But
253 App | submission of intellect and will to God who reveals',
254 App | will to God who reveals', and freely assenting to the
255 App | which looks alone to Christ and earthly security (securitas),
256 App | Christian “has believed fully and completely” (LV:E 53) does
257 App | is bestowed through word and sacrament, thus from outside (
258 App | justification - (can. 2; DS 1552) and bases the earning or merit
259 App | righteousness received from God and a deeper communion with
260 App | were simply to be viewed and thought about in connection
261 App | a preservation of grace and a growth in it. If righteousness
262 App | Christians are only 'fruits' and 'signs'" (VELKD 94,2-14). ~- "
|