Part, Question
1 2, 12| God, with the intention of reviling ~Him, disparages the Divine
2 2, 70| EXTRAJUDICIALLY (QQ[72]-76)~OF REVILING (FOUR ARTICLES)~We must
3 2, 70| extrajudicially. We shall consider (1) reviling, (2) backbiting, (3) tale ~
4 2, 70| of inquiry:~(1) What is reviling?~(2) Whether every reviling
5 2, 70| reviling?~(2) Whether every reviling is a mortal sin?~(3) Whether
6 2, 70| revilers?~(4) Of the origin of reviling.~Aquin.: SMT SS Q[72] A[
7 2, 70| Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether reviling consists in words?~Aquin.:
8 2, 70| OBJ 1: It would seem that reviling does not consist in words.
9 2, 70| does not consist in words. Reviling ~implies some injury inflicted
10 2, 70| his belongings. Therefore reviling does not consist ~in words.~
11 2, 70| Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, reviling seems to imply dishonor.
12 2, 70| Therefore it seems ~that reviling consists, not in words but
13 2, 70| railing or a ~taunt. But reviling seems to differ from railing
14 2, 70| railing or taunt. Therefore ~reviling does not consist in words.~
15 2, 70| perceived by the hearing. Now ~reviling is perceived by the hearing
16 2, 70| to Jer. 20:10, "I heard ~reviling [Douay: 'contumelies'] on
17 2, 70| on every side." Therefore reviling ~consists in words.~Aquin.:
18 2, 70| Para. 1/1~I answer that, Reviling denotes the dishonoring
19 2, 70| and of ~other men. This reviling properly so called, and
20 2, 70| mind ~conceives." Hence reviling, properly speaking consists
21 2, 70| as words, it follows that reviling in a wider sense extends ~
22 2, 70| him from others. Hence the reviling is greater if one man ~reproach
23 2, 70| yet there may still be ~reviling if he reproach him by himself.
24 2, 70| case it is not a matter of reviling but of some other kind of ~
25 2, 70| the ~latter case there is reviling, in so far as deeds have
26 2, 70| consist in words, even as reviling, ~because by all of them
27 2, 70| guilt, which is exposed by "reviling" words. Secondly, there
28 2, 70| Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether reviling or railing is a mortal sin?~
29 2, 70| OBJ 1: It would seem that reviling or railing is not a mortal
30 2, 70| Therefore railing or reviling is not a mortal sin. ~Aquin.:
31 2, 70| utterance to railing or reviling. Thus the Apostle ~says (
32 2, 70| believe!" Therefore railing or reviling ~is not a mortal sin.~Aquin.:
33 2, 70| utterance to railing or ~reviling, it would follow that it
34 2, 70| case of one who utters a ~reviling word indeliberately or through
35 2, 70| slight anger. Therefore reviling ~or railing is not a mortal
36 2, 70| of hell. Now railing or reviling deserves the punishment
37 2, 70| fire." Therefore railing or reviling is ~a mortal sin.~Aquin.:
38 2, 70| Since then ~railing or reviling essentially denotes a dishonoring,
39 2, 70| utterance to railing or reviling: and this is a ~mortal sin
40 2, 70| to another a ~railing or reviling word, yet with the intention,
41 2, 70| he utters ~a railing or reviling not formally and essentially,
42 2, 70| which might be a railing or ~reviling. Hence this may be sometimes
43 2, 70| Since the sin of railing or reviling depends on the ~intention
44 2, 70| by silence to ~submit to reviling words, but rather answer
45 2, 70| the same applies to the reviling ~words that are said against
46 2, 70| Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether reviling arises from anger?~Aquin.:
47 2, 70| OBJ 1: It would seem that reviling does not arise from anger.
48 2, 70| is, there shall also be reviling ~[Douay: 'reproach']." But
49 2, 70| distinct from pride. Therefore ~reviling does not arise from anger.~
50 2, 70| to meekness. ~Therefore reviling does not arise from anger.~
51 2, 70| its cause. But the sin of ~reviling is diminished if one gives
52 2, 70| out of anger. Therefore ~reviling does not arise from anger.~
53 2, 70| connected with its ~end. Now reviling is closely connected with
54 2, 70| to revile him. Therefore reviling arises chiefly from anger.~
55 2, 70| 1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Reviling is not directed to the end
56 2, 70| which is ~excellency. Hence reviling does not arise directly
57 2, 70| like the foolish man. Hence reviling arises ~from folly on account
58 2, 70| worry about this." Hence ~reviling which denotes a manifest
59 2, 71| openly, and this is done by ~reviling him, as stated above (Q[
60 2, 71| he dishonors him, so that reviling is ~detrimental to the honor
61 2, 71| backbiting differs from reviling in two points: ~first, in
62 2, 71| if he be absent, but of reviling if he alone be present: ~
63 2, 71| apparently a graver sin than reviling, ~because a man can withstand
64 2, 71| because a man can withstand reviling, but not a secret backbiting.
65 2, 71| persons in one flesh, whereas reviling severs utterly those ~who
66 2, 71| Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, reviling arises from anger, while
67 2, 71| backbiting is a graver sin than reviling; and so ~the same conclusion
68 2, 71| 2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Reviling is a more grievous sin than
69 2, 71| above (Q[66], A[9]). Yet reviling is not ~a more grievous
70 2, 71| the daughter of anger, as reviling is, but rather of envy,
71 2, 71| backbiting is more grievous than reviling: since a lesser vice ~can
72 2, 71| properly speaking, ~but reviling, as stated above (A[1],
73 2, 72| than backbiting or even reviling, because a ~friend is better
74 2, 73| laughing to scorn pertains to reviling. Therefore derision ~would
75 2, 73| seem not to differ from reviling.~Aquin.: SMT SS Q[75] A[
76 2, 73| publicly, it is a case of reviling, if privately, it amounts
77 2, 73| Yet they both ~differ from reviling, as being shamed differs
78 2, 73| Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, reviling and backbiting seem to be
79 2, 73| But ~not all backbiting or reviling is a mortal sin. Much less
80 2, 73| and more grievous than reviling, which is also done openly:
81 2, 73| the hand of a mischievous reviling."~Aquin.: SMT SS Q[75] A[
82 2, 73| grievous than ~backbiting or reviling, because it does not imply
83 2, 73| includes greater contempt than reviling does, as ~stated above,
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