Part, Question

1501   2, 77  |               which are the ~cause of sin: first, absolutely, according
1502   2, 77  |          passions that are a cause of sin can be ~reduced to these
1503   2, 77  |               Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether sin is alleviated on account
1504   2, 77  |             OBJ 1: It would seem that sin is not alleviated on account
1505   2, 77  |            Now passion is a cause ~of sin, as stated (A[5]). Therefore
1506   2, 77  |             passion, the ~greater the sin. Therefore passion does
1507   2, 77  |             passion does not diminish sin, but increases ~it.~Aquin.:
1508   2, 77  |               an evil passion does to sin. Now a good passion increases
1509   2, 77  |             rather than ~diminishes a sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[77] A[
1510   2, 77  |               Further, a man seems to sin the more grievously, according
1511   2, 77  |       Therefore passion ~aggravates a sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[77] A[
1512   2, 77  |                the less ~grievous his sin, as Augustine states (De
1513   2, 77  |              Para. 1/3~I answer that, Sin consists essentially in
1514   2, 77  |              must ~needs diminish the sin: because the act is a sin
1515   2, 77  |             sin: because the act is a sin in so far as it is ~voluntary,
1516   2, 77  |            respect passion diminishes sin, in so far as it diminishes
1517   2, 77  |           passion does not diminish a sin, but ~increases it; or rather
1518   2, 77  |          anyone sins, the greater the sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[77] A[
1519   2, 77  |               Passion is the cause of sin on the part of that to which ~
1520   2, 77  |           turns. But the gravity of a sin is measured on the part
1521   2, 77  |               as if it ~were moved to sin by the reason alone.~Aquin.:
1522   2, 77  |          Whether passion excuses from sin altogether?~Aquin.: SMT
1523   2, 77  |             that passion excuses from sin altogether. For ~whatever
1524   2, 77  |             involuntary, excuses from sin altogether. ~But concupiscence
1525   2, 77  |       Therefore ~passion excuses from sin altogether.~Aquin.: SMT
1526   2, 77  |        particular matter excuses from sin altogether, as stated above (
1527   2, 77  |        Therefore passion excuses from sin altogether.~Aquin.: SMT
1528   2, 77  |           bodily disease excuses from sin altogether, as in the case
1529   2, 77  |           reason than that they cause sin: which ~would not be the
1530   2, 77  |             case if they excused from sin altogether. Therefore ~passion
1531   2, 77  |          passion does not excuse from sin altogether.~Aquin.: SMT
1532   2, 77  |               cannot be excused ~from sin altogether, unless it be
1533   2, 77  |              it entirely excuses from sin; otherwise, it does not ~
1534   2, 77  |      beginning, the act is reckoned a sin, ~because it is voluntary
1535   2, 77  |              is entirely excused from sin. Sometimes, however, the ~
1536   2, 77  |          passion does not excuse from sin altogether.~Aquin.: SMT
1537   2, 77  |             Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether a sin committed through passion
1538   2, 77  |             OBJ 1: It would seem that sin committed through passion
1539   2, 77  |                mortal. Because venial sin is condivided with mortal
1540   2, 77  |             is condivided with mortal sin. Now sin ~committed from
1541   2, 77  |       condivided with mortal sin. Now sin ~committed from weakness
1542   2, 77  |               venia]. Since therefore sin committed through passion
1543   2, 77  |        committed through passion is a sin of ~weakness, it seems that
1544   2, 77  |           passion ~cannot be a mortal sin, for there is no mortal
1545   2, 77  |                for there is no mortal sin in the sensuality, as ~stated
1546   2, 77  |               74], A[4]). Therefore a sin committed through passion ~
1547   2, 77  |               the essence of a mortal sin. Therefore a sin committed ~
1548   2, 77  |               mortal sin. Therefore a sin committed ~through passion
1549   2, 77  |            Now it is proper to mortal sin to bring forth fruit unto ~
1550   2, 77  |          fruit unto ~death. Therefore sin committed through passion
1551   2, 77  |               1~I answer that, Mortal sin, as stated above (Q[72],
1552   2, 77  |            happen not to ~be a mortal sin, only when the deliberating
1553   2, 77  |             rescue, there is a mortal sin; and it is thus, as we see,
1554   2, 77  |              Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: A sin may be venial in three ways.
1555   2, 77  |              which cause lessens the ~sin; thus a sin that is committed
1556   2, 77  |              lessens the ~sin; thus a sin that is committed through
1557   2, 77  |         through its issue; thus every sin, through ~repentance, becomes
1558   2, 77  |               the only kind of venial sin that is ~opposed to mortal
1559   2, 77  |            that is ~opposed to mortal sin: whereas the objection regards
1560   2, 77  |           Reply OBJ 2: Passion causes sin as regards the adherence
1561   2, 77  |             But that this be a mortal sin regards the aversion, which
1562   2, 77  |            taken away altogether, the sin is no longer either ~mortal
1563   2, 78  |                1/1 - OF THAT CAUSE OF SIN WHICH IS MALICE (FOUR ARTICLES)~
1564   2, 78  |             now consider the cause of sin on the part of the will,
1565   2, 78  |             is possible for anyone to sin through certain malice, ~
1566   2, 78  |        Whether it is more grievous to sin through certain malice,
1567   2, 78  |               intending evil." Now to sin through malice seems to
1568   2, 78  |           Further, malice itself is a sin. If therefore malice is
1569   2, 78  |       therefore malice is a cause ~of sin, it follows that sin goes
1570   2, 78  |               of sin, it follows that sin goes on causing sin indefinitely,
1571   2, 78  |              that sin goes on causing sin indefinitely, which is ~
1572   2, 78  |              to revolt from God is to sin. Therefore some sin purposely
1573   2, 78  |             is to sin. Therefore some sin purposely or ~through certain
1574   2, 78  |             man: for it is ~thus that sin occurs in the actions of
1575   2, 78  |          sensitive. Therefore even as sin occurs in human acts, ~sometimes
1576   2, 78  |               wherefore he is said to sin through certain malice or
1577   2, 78  |               and then man is said to sin through ignorance: ~sometimes
1578   2, 78  |            this way anyone is said to sin through malice when ~he
1579   2, 78  |               thus ~anyone is said to sin through malice, in so far
1580   2, 78  |             the exterior act, and one sin is the ~cause of another;
1581   2, 78  |             it back ~to some previous sin, which is not caused by
1582   2, 78  |            not caused by any previous sin, as was ~explained above (
1583   2, 78  |               certain malice. Because sin committed through certain
1584   2, 78  |               a man commits a ~slight sin through habit, as when he
1585   2, 78  |               an idle word. Therefore sin ~committed from habit is
1586   2, 78  |         Further, when a man commits a sin through certain malice,
1587   2, 78  |               of habit. But those who sin through ~habit, are sorrowful
1588   2, 78  |          sorrowful after committing a sin: because "bad men," i.e. ~
1589   2, 78  |                1/1~On the contrary, A sin committed through certain
1590   2, 78  |          virtuous habits. Therefore a sin that arises from habit is
1591   2, 78  |             is a difference between a sin committed by one who ~has
1592   2, 78  |             who ~has the habit, and a sin committed by habit: for
1593   2, 78  |          vicious ~habit he must needs sin through certain malice:
1594   2, 78  |            that habit: and this is to sin through certain malice. ~
1595   2, 78  |               1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Venial sin does not exclude spiritual
1596   2, 78  |             is the difference between sin committed through ~certain
1597   2, 78  |           through ~certain malice and sin committed through passion.~
1598   2, 78  |           such a man is sorry for his sin not because sin in itself
1599   2, 78  |               for his sin not because sin in itself is ~displeasing
1600   2, 78  |           some disadvantage from ~the sin. ~(tm)Aquin.: SMT FS Q[78]
1601   2, 78  |           done through habit." Now to sin through certain malice is ~
1602   2, 78  |         through certain malice is ~to sin through making a choice
1603   2, 78  |            unless he has the habit of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[78] A[
1604   2, 78  |              Therefore a man comes to sin through certain malice,
1605   2, 78  |             choose ~evil, which is to sin through certain malice.~
1606   2, 78  |               object; wherefore every sin is said to be contrary to ~
1607   2, 78  |        neither of these ~amounts to a sin through certain malice;
1608   2, 78  |            for then alone does anyone sin ~through certain malice,
1609   2, 78  |             from sinning, not through sin being ~in itself displeasing
1610   2, 78  |              evident, therefore, that sin committed through certain
1611   2, 78  |           does not fall suddenly into sin from ~certain malice, and
1612   2, 78  |        Whether it is more grievous to sin through certain malice than
1613   2, 78  |               is not more grievous to sin through certain ~malice
1614   2, 78  |        Because ignorance excuses from sin either ~altogether or in
1615   2, 78  |             more a man is impelled to sin, the less grievous his ~
1616   2, 78  |                the less grievous his ~sin, as is clear with regard
1617   2, 78  |               is thrown headlong into sin by ~a more impetuous passion.
1618   2, 78  |             of passion. ~Therefore to sin through habit is less grievous
1619   2, 78  |              is less grievous than to sin through ~passion.~Aquin.:
1620   2, 78  |                1/1~OBJ 3: Further, to sin through certain malice is
1621   2, 78  |          through certain malice is to sin through choosing ~evil.
1622   2, 78  |                Therefore he ~does not sin less than the man who sins
1623   2, 78  |                1/1~On the contrary, A sin that is committed on purpose,
1624   2, 78  |             graver fault. Therefore a sin is aggravated through being
1625   2, 78  |            Para. 1/1~I answer that, A sin committed through malice
1626   2, 78  |              is more grievous than a ~sin committed through passion,
1627   2, 78  |           reasons. First, because, as sin ~consists chiefly in an
1628   2, 78  |          other things ~being equal, a sin is all the more grievous,
1629   2, 78  |               as the movement of ~the sin belongs more to the will.
1630   2, 78  |               to the will. Now when a sin is committed through ~malice,
1631   2, 78  |               malice, the movement of sin belongs more to the will,
1632   2, 78  |               own accord, than when a sin is committed through passion, ~
1633   2, 78  |               the will is impelled to sin by something extrinsic,
1634   2, 78  |              as it were. ~Wherefore a sin is aggravated by the very
1635   2, 78  |            which ~incites the will to sin, soon passes away, so that
1636   2, 78  |              that man repents of his ~sin, and soon returns to his
1637   2, 78  |          malice, abides longer in his sin. For this reason the Philosopher (
1638   2, 78  |       Therefore it is evident that ~a sin committed through malice
1639   2, 78  |              excuses nor diminishes a sin, as stated above (Q[76],
1640   2, 78  |          ignorance of the kind make a sin to be less grave.~Aquin.:
1641   2, 78  |             OBJ 3: It is one thing to sin while choosing, and another
1642   2, 78  |              choosing, and another to sin ~through choosing. For he
1643   2, 78  |               first ~principle of his sin; for he is induced through
1644   2, 78  |               is the principle of his sin: and for this reason he
1645   2, 78  |            this reason he is ~said to sin "through" choosing.~
1646   2, 79  |             OF THE EXTERNAL CAUSES OF SIN (FOUR ARTICLES)~We must
1647   2, 79  |       consider the external causes of sin, and (1) on the part of ~
1648   2, 79  |             Whether God is a cause of sin?~(2) Whether the act of
1649   2, 79  |                 2) Whether the act of sin is from God?~(3) Whether
1650   2, 79  |             Whether God is a cause of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1651   2, 79  |           seem that God is a cause of sin. For the Apostle says of ~
1652   2, 79  |              to good or to evil." Now sin ~consists in doing what
1653   2, 79  |              God is to man a cause of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1654   2, 79  |              denotes a provocation to sin. Since therefore ~creatures
1655   2, 79  |          seems that God is a cause of sin, by provoking man to sin.~
1656   2, 79  |              sin, by provoking man to sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1657   2, 79  |          which itself is the cause of sin. ~Therefore God is the cause
1658   2, 79  |         Therefore God is the cause of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1659   2, 79  |             hast made." Now God hates sin, according to Wis. ~14:9: "
1660   2, 79  |      Therefore God ~is not a cause of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1661   2, 79  |              his own or of ~another's sin. First, directly, namely
1662   2, 79  |             his or another's will ~to sin; secondly, indirectly, namely
1663   2, 79  |             be directly the cause ~of sin, either in Himself or in
1664   2, 79  |               in another, since every sin is a departure ~from the
1665   2, 79  |              be directly the cause of sin. In like manner neither ~
1666   2, 79  |          manner neither ~can He cause sin indirectly. For it happens
1667   2, 79  |                whereby they may avoid sin, which assistance were He
1668   2, 79  |              to ~give, they would not sin. But He does all this according
1669   2, 79  |          Justice: so that ~if someone sin it is not imputable to Him
1670   2, 79  |               were the cause of ~that sin; even as a pilot is not
1671   2, 79  |              God is nowise a cause of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1672   2, 79  |           deserved through a previous sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1673   2, 79  |               thereof. In like manner sin, ~which the free-will commits
1674   2, 79  |                1/1~Whether the act of sin is from God?~Aquin.: SMT
1675   2, 79  |            would seem that the act of sin is not from God. For Augustine ~
1676   2, 79  |          Justit. ii) that "the act of sin is not a thing." Now ~whatever
1677   2, 79  |           thing. Therefore the act of sin is not from God.~Aquin.:
1678   2, 79  |               said to be the cause of sin, except because ~he is the
1679   2, 79  |             Now God is not a cause of sin, as stated ~above (A[1]).
1680   2, 79  |               the cause of the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1681   2, 79  |      therefore God ~caused the act of sin, He would be the cause of
1682   2, 79  |              He would be the cause of sin, which is false, as ~was
1683   2, 79  |               the cause of the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1684   2, 79  |              the contrary, The act of sin is a movement of the free-will.
1685   2, 79  |               the cause of the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1686   2, 79  |               answer that, The act of sin is both a being and an act;
1687   2, 79  |               as it is an action. But sin denotes a being and an action
1688   2, 79  |              the cause of the act of ~sin: and yet He is not the cause
1689   2, 79  |            yet He is not the cause of sin, because He does not cause
1690   2, 79  |             in this sense the act ~of sin is not a thing.~Aquin.:
1691   2, 79  |              man ~is the cause of the sin: while God is the cause
1692   2, 79  |               is not the cause of the sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1693   2, 79  |               He is not ~the cause of sin. The other thing is the
1694   2, 79  |             he is already worsened by sin that he incurs ~them, even
1695   2, 79  | hardheartedness in so far as it is ~a sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1696   2, 79  |           cause of blindness, just as sin ~is the cause of punishment:
1697   2, 79  |              far as he induces man to sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[79] A[
1698   2, 79  |              is a kind of preamble to sin. Now sin has a ~twofold
1699   2, 79  |               of preamble to sin. Now sin has a ~twofold relation -
1700   2, 79  |             permits some to fall into sin, ~that by acknowledging
1701   2, 79  |           that by acknowledging their sin, they may be humbled and
1702   2, 79  |        universe: ~thus He directs the sin of tyrants to the good of
1703   2, 80  |           Para. 1/1 - OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, AS REGARDS THE DEVIL (FOUR
1704   2, 80  |             now consider the cause of sin, as regards the devil; and
1705   2, 80  |              is directly the cause of sin?~(2) Whether the devil induces
1706   2, 80  |               the devil induces us to sin, by persuading us inwardly?~(
1707   2, 80  |                Whether he can make us sin of necessity?~(4) Whether
1708   2, 80  |          cause of man's ~sinning. For sin consists directly in an
1709   2, 80  |              is directly the cause of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
1710   2, 80  |              is directly the cause of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
1711   2, 80  |               desires, except through sin. Therefore the ~cause of
1712   2, 80  |               Therefore the ~cause of sin cannot be the devil, but
1713   2, 80  |             Para. 1/3 ~I answer that, Sin is an action: so that a
1714   2, 80  |             be directly the ~cause of sin, in the same way as anyone
1715   2, 80  |             is the will, since ~every sin is voluntary. Consequently
1716   2, 80  |             be directly the cause of ~sin, except that which can move
1717   2, 80  |            God cannot be the cause of sin, as ~stated above (Q[79],
1718   2, 80  |             directly the cause of his sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
1719   2, 80  |         without, move a man's will to sin. In the second and third
1720   2, 80  |          devil or a man may incite to sin, either by offering an object ~
1721   2, 80  |       anything be the direct cause of sin, because the ~will is not,
1722   2, 80  |              the ~sufficient cause of sin. Therefore it follows that
1723   2, 80  |              the devil is a cause ~of sin, neither directly nor sufficiently,
1724   2, 80  |               man to ~affection for a sin, either by suggesting to
1725   2, 80  |               devil can induce man to sin, by internal instigations?~
1726   2, 80  |            devil cannot induce man to sin, by ~internal instigations.
1727   2, 80  |              movements induce him to ~sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
1728   2, 80  |             so that it may consent to sin, which darkness is due to
1729   2, 80  |            which he can induce man to sin. For his operation may ~
1730   2, 80  |               induces man inwardly to sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
1731   2, 80  |               devil can induce man to sin of necessity?~Aquin.: SMT
1732   2, 80  |               devil can induce man to sin of necessity. ~Because the
1733   2, 80  |        Therefore he can compel man to sin, while he dwells on the
1734   2, 80  |               incline man's reason to sin of necessity.~Aquin.: SMT
1735   2, 80  |               4) that "there is some ~sin when the flesh lusteth against
1736   2, 80  |        Therefore he can induce man to sin of necessity.~Aquin.: SMT
1737   2, 80  |              he cannot induce man to ~sin of necessity.~Aquin.: SMT
1738   2, 80  |              in any ~way whatever, to sin; for then neither would
1739   2, 80  |      Therefore he does not compel to ~sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
1740   2, 80  |             which, in its genus, is a sin; but he ~cannot bring about
1741   2, 80  |               that which moves him to sin, except by his ~reason;
1742   2, 80  |               not imputed to him as a sin. If, however, the reason
1743   2, 80  |               is free, it can resist ~sin, as stated above (Q[77],
1744   2, 80  |              can nowise compel man to sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
1745   2, 80  |         actually resists it, is not a sin, but is matter for the exercise ~
1746   2, 80  |             34: "Whosoever committeth sin is the slave [Douay: ~'servant']
1747   2, 80  |          slave [Douay: ~'servant'] of sin." Now "by whom a man is
1748   2, 80  |           Therefore whoever commits a sin, has been ~overcome by the
1749   2, 80  |              says (Moral. iv, 10) the sin of the devil is ~irreparable,
1750   2, 80  |        Therefore, if ~any men were to sin of their own free-will and
1751   2, 80  |     suggestion from ~any other, their sin would be irremediable: which
1752   2, 80  |              induced the first man to sin, by reason of whose ~sin
1753   2, 80  |              sin, by reason of whose ~sin human nature is so infected,
1754   2, 80  |              that we are all prone to sin: even as ~the burning of
1755   2, 80  |              Reply OBJ 3: The devil's sin was irremediable, not only
1756   2, 80  |             was not already ~prone to sin, on account of any previous
1757   2, 80  |               account of any previous sin; which can be said of no
1758   2, 80  |               which can be said of no sin ~of man.~
1759   2, 81  |           Para. 1/2 - OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF MAN (FIVE
1760   2, 81  |             now consider the cause of sin, on the part of man. Now,
1761   2, 81  |             is the cause of another's sin, by outward ~suggestion,
1762   2, 81  |             special manner of causing sin, by way of ~origin. Wherefore
1763   2, 81  |             must speak about original sin, the consideration of which
1764   2, 81  |                1) Whether man's first sin is transmitted, by way of
1765   2, 81  |          origin?~(3) Whether original sin is contracted by all those
1766   2, 81  |            body?~(5) Whether original sin would have been contracted
1767   2, 81  |           Para. 1/1~Whether the first sin of our first parent is contracted
1768   2, 81  |             would seem that the first sin of our first parent is not ~
1769   2, 81  |       Therefore no one contracts any ~sin from one of his parents
1770   2, 81  |               which is the subject of sin, is ~not transmitted by
1771   2, 81  |             Therefore neither can any sin be transmitted by way of
1772   2, 81  |            But the semen cannot cause sin, because it lacks the ~rational
1773   2, 81  |               alone can be a cause of sin. Therefore ~no sin can be
1774   2, 81  |           cause of sin. Therefore ~no sin can be contracted by way
1775   2, 81  |               be cleansed of original sin, so long as it is united ~
1776   2, 81  |                Rm. 5:12): "By one man sin entered ~into this world,
1777   2, 81  |               into this world, and by sin death." Nor can this be
1778   2, 81  |             origin from the first man sin entered into the world.~
1779   2, 81  |               to hold that ~the first sin of the first man is transmitted
1780   2, 81  |        endeavoring to explain how the sin of our first parent could
1781   2, 81  |      considering that the subject of ~sin is the rational soul, maintained
1782   2, 81  |             would not be imputed as a sin to the hand, considered
1783   2, 81  |              their actions. Hence the sin which is thus ~transmitted
1784   2, 81  |               original," ~just as the sin which flows from the soul
1785   2, 81  |                And just as the actual sin that is committed by a member ~
1786   2, 81  |               of the body, is not the sin of that member, except inasmuch
1787   2, 81  |          reason it is called a "human sin"; ~so original sin is not
1788   2, 81  |              human sin"; ~so original sin is not the sin of this person,
1789   2, 81  |               original sin is not the sin of this person, except inasmuch
1790   2, 81  |             reason it is ~called the "sin of nature," according to
1791   2, 81  |             punished for his father's sin, unless he share in his ~
1792   2, 81  |         father to son, even as actual sin is transmitted ~through
1793   2, 81  |               judgment of God for the sin of their immediate parents,
1794   2, 81  |              the ~way, of origin, the sin which he has from Adam.
1795   2, 81  |                should he transmit the sin which he has contracted
1796   2, 81  |              why we contract original sin from our first ~parent is
1797   2, 81  |             be corrupted ~yet more by sin, according to Apoc. 22:11: "
1798   2, 81  |             even as they contract the sin of their ~first parent.~
1799   2, 81  |               any other but the first sin of our first parent to be
1800   2, 81  |          first man lost by his ~first sin. Wherefore as that original
1801   2, 81  |           respect of the proneness to sin: and consequently other
1802   2, 81  |              1~Reply OBJ 3: The first sin infects nature with a human
1803   2, 81  |           Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the sin of the first parent is transmitted,
1804   2, 81  |                It would seem that the sin of the first parent is not ~
1805   2, 81  |              consequent upon original sin. But not all those, who
1806   2, 81  |             do not contract ~original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[81] A[
1807   2, 81  |             baptized has not original sin. Therefore he does not ~
1808   2, 81  |            Christ is greater than the sin of Adam, as ~the Apostle
1809   2, 81  |            neither, therefore, is the sin of Adam.~Aquin.: SMT FS
1810   2, 81  |               Adam contract ~original sin from him; else all would
1811   2, 81  |               1]), viz. that original sin, in virtue of the sin of
1812   2, 81  |        original sin, in virtue of the sin of our ~first parent, is
1813   2, 81  |              the soul's ~will, actual sin is transmitted to the members
1814   2, 81  |             it is evident that actual sin can be ~transmitted to all
1815   2, 81  |              will. Therefore original sin is transmitted to all those
1816   2, 81  |               1~Reply OBJ 1: Original sin is taken away by Baptism
1817   2, 81  |                Nevertheless ~original sin remains in its effect as
1818   2, 81  |            baptized transmit original sin: ~since they do not beget
1819   2, 81  |              the oldness of the first sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[81] A[
1820   2, 81  |           Reply OBJ 3: Just as Adam's sin is transmitted to all who
1821   2, 81  |             only ~unto the removal of sin of their first parent, but
1822   2, 81  |            Para. 1/1~Whether original sin would be contracted by a
1823   2, 81  |              would seem that original sin would be contracted by a
1824   2, 81  |               would contract original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[81] A[
1825   2, 81  |              OBJ 2: Further, original sin is caused in us by the soul
1826   2, 81  |             the infection of original sin, from whatever ~part of
1827   2, 81  |              OBJ 3: Further, original sin comes upon all from our
1828   2, 81  |              would ~contract original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[81] A[
1829   2, 81  |              transmission of original sin, as ~Augustine states (Gen.
1830   2, 81  |             above (AA[1],3), original sin is transmitted ~from the
1831   2, 81  |          moved by the soul to actual ~sin. Now there is no movement
1832   2, 81  |               alone contract original sin, who are descended ~from
1833   2, 81  |          would ~not contract original sin: even as a hand would have
1834   2, 81  |              have no part in a human ~sin, if it were moved, not by
1835   2, 81  |              of exile until after his sin. ~Consequently it is not
1836   2, 81  |                but on account ~of the sin, that original sin is transmitted
1837   2, 81  |             of the sin, that original sin is transmitted to those
1838   2, 81  |           would not contract original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[81] A[
1839   2, 81  |             have ~contracted original sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[81] A[
1840   2, 81  |              have contracted original sin. Because we contract original ~
1841   2, 81  |         Because we contract original ~sin from our parents, in so
1842   2, 81  |              have contracted original sin from his mother's sin as
1843   2, 81  |        original sin from his mother's sin as well as from his ~father'
1844   2, 81  |               punishments of original sin. Therefore if Eve, and not
1845   2, 81  |               would contract original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[81] A[
1846   2, 81  |             be born without ~original sin) "purifying her." But this
1847   2, 81  |             the infection of original sin were not contracted from
1848   2, 81  |             the infection of original sin is contracted from the ~
1849   2, 81  |             have contracted ~original sin, even if Adam had not sinned.~
1850   2, 81  |                Rm. 5:12): "By one man sin entered ~into this world."
1851   2, 81  |             have transmitted original sin to ~her children, he should
1852   2, 81  |             first. Therefore original sin is transmitted to the children,
1853   2, 81  |           stated (A[1]) that original sin is transmitted ~by the first
1854   2, 81  |           would not contract original sin. ~Now it is evident that
1855   2, 81  |            matter. Therefore original sin, is contracted, not from
1856   2, 81  |           would not contract original sin: whereas, if Adam, and not ~
1857   2, 81  |              would be immune from the sin, but would have been subject
1858   2, 81  |         original justice is ~original sin. If, therefore, supposing
1859   2, 81  |              had not sinned, original sin ~would not have been transmitted
1860   2, 81  |         posterity on account of Eve's sin; it ~is evident that the
1861   2, 81  |              transmission of original sin, but because it ~behooved
1862   2, 82  |               Para. 1/1 - OF ORIGINAL SIN, AS TO ITS ESSENCE (FOUR
1863   2, 82  |            must now consider original sin as to its essence, and under
1864   2, 82  |         inquiry:~(1) Whether original sin is a habit?~(2) Whether
1865   2, 82  |             there is but one original sin in each man?~(3) Whether
1866   2, 82  |             man?~(3) Whether original sin is concupiscence?~(4) Whether
1867   2, 82  |   concupiscence?~(4) Whether original sin is equally in all?~Aquin.:
1868   2, 82  |            Para. 1/1~Whether original sin is a habit?~Aquin.: SMT
1869   2, 82  |              would seem that original sin is not a habit. For original
1870   2, 82  |             not a habit. For original sin ~is the absence of original
1871   2, 82  |               xxvi), so that original sin is a privation. But privation
1872   2, 82  |             habit. Therefore original sin is not a habit.~Aquin.:
1873   2, 82  |              1~OBJ 2: Further, actual sin has the nature of fault
1874   2, 82  |             fault more than original ~sin, in so far as it is more
1875   2, 82  |               Now the habit of actual sin has ~not the nature of a
1876   2, 82  |           asleep, ~would be guilty of sin. Therefore no original habit
1877   2, 82  |            but acquired. Now original sin is not preceded by ~an act.
1878   2, 82  |               act. Therefore original sin is not a habit.~Aquin.:
1879   2, 82  |           that on account of original sin little ~children have the
1880   2, 82  |             habit. Therefore original sin is a ~habit.~Aquin.: SMT
1881   2, 82  |          habits. In this way original sin is not a ~habit. The second
1882   2, 82  |                In this sense original sin is a habit. For it is an ~
1883   2, 82  |             Hence it is that original sin ~is called the "languor
1884   2, 82  |            disposed, ~so too original sin denotes the privation of
1885   2, 82  |               1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Actual sin is an inordinateness of
1886   2, 82  |             an act: whereas original ~sin, being the sin of nature,
1887   2, 82  |              original ~sin, being the sin of nature, is an inordinate
1888   2, 82  |              for this reason original sin can be a habit, whereas
1889   2, 82  |              a habit, whereas actual ~sin cannot.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
1890   2, 82  |               to an act: but original sin is not this kind of habit.
1891   2, 82  |             does follow from original sin, ~not directly, but indirectly,
1892   2, 82  |       necessary to says that original sin is a habit ~"infused," or
1893   2, 82  |          mother conceive me." But the sin in which a man is conceived ~
1894   2, 82  |             is conceived ~is original sin. Therefore there are several
1895   2, 82  |               one thing. Now original sin, even in one man, inclines
1896   2, 82  |              sins. Therefore original sin is not one habit; but ~several.~
1897   2, 82  |              OBJ 3: Further, original sin infects every part of the
1898   2, 82  |             are different subjects of sin, as shown above ~(Q[74]).
1899   2, 82  |                Q[74]). Since then one sin cannot be in different subjects,
1900   2, 82  |               it seems ~that original sin is not one but several.~
1901   2, 82  |               Him Who taketh away the sin of the world": and the reason
1902   2, 82  |             the singular is that the "sin of the world" is original ~
1903   2, 82  |               the world" is original ~sin, as a gloss expounds this
1904   2, 82  |             man there is one original sin. Two reasons may be ~assigned
1905   2, 82  |              of the cause of original sin. ~For it has been stated (
1906   2, 82  |                 A[2]), that the first sin alone of our ~first parent
1907   2, 82  |        Wherefore in one man ~original sin is one in number; and in
1908   2, 82  |              very essence of original sin. Because in every inordinate ~
1909   2, 82  |               that is called original sin, is one only, viz. the ~
1910   2, 82  |            God. Consequently original sin is specifically one, and,
1911   2, 82  |       virtually pre-exist in original sin, ~as in a principle so that
1912   2, 82  |               many deformities in the sin of our first parent, viz.
1913   2, 82  |            being infected by original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[82] A[
1914   2, 82  |               1~Reply OBJ 3: Original sin infects the different parts
1915   2, 82  |            there is but one original ~sin: just as there is but one
1916   2, 82  |            Para. 1/1~Whether original sin is concupiscence?~Aquin.:
1917   2, 82  |              would seem that original sin is not concupiscence. For
1918   2, 82  |             concupiscence. For every ~sin is contrary to nature, according
1919   2, 82  |         concupiscence is not original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[82] A[
1920   2, 82  |             Further, through original sin "the passions of sins" are
1921   2, 82  |              4]). Therefore original ~sin is not concupiscence any
1922   2, 82  |               3: Further, by original sin, all the parts of the soul
1923   2, 82  |               7). ~Therefore original sin is ignorance rather than
1924   2, 82  |             is the ~guilt of original sin."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[82] A[
1925   2, 82  |               the species of original sin is taken from its ~cause.
1926   2, 82  |            formal element of original sin must be considered ~in respect
1927   2, 82  |              of the cause of original sin. But contraries have contrary ~
1928   2, 82  |       Therefore the cause of original sin must be considered with ~
1929   2, 82  |           formal element ~in original sin; while every other disorder
1930   2, 82  |        element in respect of original sin. Now the ~inordinateness
1931   2, 82  |         concupiscence. Hence original sin is ~concupiscence, materially,
1932   2, 82  |             concupiscence of original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[82] A[
1933   2, 82  |             ad 1). Therefore original sin is ~ascribed to concupiscence,
1934   2, 82  |                 A[2]). Hence original sin is called concupiscence
1935   2, 82  |         material ~defects of original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[82] A[
1936   2, 82  |            Para. 1/1~Whether original sin is equally in all?~Aquin.:
1937   2, 82  |              would seem that original sin is not equally in all. Because ~
1938   2, 82  |             in all. Because ~original sin is inordinate concupiscence,
1939   2, 82  |     concupiscence. Therefore original sin is ~not equally in all.~
1940   2, 82  |              OBJ 2: Further, original sin is an inordinate disposition
1941   2, 82  |           degrees. Therefore original sin is subject to degrees.~Aquin.:
1942   2, 82  |              lust ~transmits original sin to the child." But the act
1943   2, 82  |           another. Therefore original sin may be ~greater in one than
1944   2, 82  |             On the contrary, Original sin is the sin of nature, as
1945   2, 82  |         contrary, Original sin is the sin of nature, as stated above ~(
1946   2, 82  |               all. Therefore original sin is ~too.~Aquin.: SMT FS
1947   2, 82  |            are two things in original sin: one is the ~privation of
1948   2, 82  |             of this ~privation to the sin of our first parent, from
1949   2, 82  |             As to the first, original sin has no ~degrees, since the
1950   2, 82  |             which principle ~original sin takes the nature of guilt;
1951   2, 82  |              is evident that original sin cannot be more in one ~than
1952   2, 82  |           this is not due to original sin, because the bond of ~original
1953   2, 82  |             But the cause of original sin is ~equal to all, so that
1954   2, 82  |               that transmits original sin: for, ~supposing God were
1955   2, 82  |               still transmit original sin; we must ~understand this
1956   2, 83  |               THE SUBJECT OF ORIGINAL SIN (FOUR ARTICLES)~We must
1957   2, 83  |               the subject of original sin, under which head there ~
1958   2, 83  |               the subject of original sin is the flesh rather than
1959   2, 83  |              the subject of ~original sin?~(4) Whether certain powers
1960   2, 83  |            Para. 1/1~Whether original sin is more in the flesh than
1961   2, 83  |              would seem that original sin is more in the flesh than
1962   2, 83  |                corruption of original sin. Now the root of this rebellion
1963   2, 83  |             mind." Therefore original sin is ~seated chiefly in the
1964   2, 83  |            the corruption of original sin by the carnal semen. ~Therefore
1965   2, 83  |            semen. ~Therefore original sin is in the flesh rather than
1966   2, 83  |         Further, we contract original sin from our first parent, in
1967   2, 83  |             flesh. Therefore original sin is not in the ~soul, but
1968   2, 83  |           were infected with original sin, it would ~follow that it
1969   2, 83  |            God ~would be the cause of sin, since He is the author
1970   2, 83  |             the infection of original sin, ~God, Who is wisdom itself,
1971   2, 83  |            flesh. Therefore ~original sin is not in the soul but in
1972   2, 83  |            virtue and of the vice or ~sin contrary to that virtue.
1973   2, 83  |               the subject of original sin, but only the soul.~Aquin.:
1974   2, 83  |              Accordingly the original sin of all men was in Adam indeed,
1975   2, 83  |              the semen that ~original sin together with human nature
1976   2, 83  |              the child. But ~original sin can nowise be in the flesh
1977   2, 83  |                Q[81], A[1]), original sin ~is transmitted from the
1978   2, 83  |             in the same way as actual sin is ~transmitted from any
1979   2, 83  |             of the will consenting to sin, to any part of man that
1980   2, 83  |     instrument, has the ~character of sin. Thus from the will consenting
1981   2, 83  |             are ~moved by the will to sin, are the instruments of
1982   2, 83  |                are the instruments of sin. But that further ~action
1983   2, 83  |               corruption of the first sin, has the character of guilt, ~
1984   2, 83  |              the subject of original ~sin, and not the flesh.~Aquin.:
1985   2, 83  |       punishment, by reason ~of which sin is stated to dwell "in the
1986   2, 83  |               1~Reply OBJ 2: Original sin is caused by the semen as
1987   2, 83  |                in this way, ~original sin was in Adam more fully,
1988   2, 83  |             had the nature of ~actual sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[83] A[
1989   2, 83  |            The corruption of original sin is nowise caused by God,
1990   2, 83  |            caused by God, but ~by the sin alone of our first parent
1991   2, 83  |            Para. 1/1~Whether original sin is in the essence of the
1992   2, 83  |              would seem that original sin is not in the essence of
1993   2, 83  |             apt to be the ~subject of sin, in respect of those parts
1994   2, 83  |            powers. Therefore original sin is in the soul, not according
1995   2, 83  |              OBJ 2: Further, original sin is opposed to original justice.
1996   2, 83  |            virtue. Therefore original sin also is in a power of the
1997   2, 83  |             Further, just as original sin is derived from the soul
1998   2, 83  |            the essence. But original ~sin is more in the soul than
1999   2, 83  |              OBJ 4: Further, original sin is said to be concupiscence,
2000   2, 83  |             soul. Therefore ~original sin is also.~Aquin.: SMT FS