Part, Question

2001   2, 83  |             On the contrary, Original sin is called the sin of nature,
2002   2, 83  |            Original sin is called the sin of nature, as stated ~above (
2003   2, 83  |               the subject of original sin ~chiefly in respect of its
2004   2, 83  |         answer that, The subject of a sin is chiefly that part of
2005   2, 83  |              the motive cause of that sin primarily pertains: thus
2006   2, 83  |             if the motive ~cause of a sin is sensual pleasure, which
2007   2, 83  |            the proper subject of that sin. Now it is evident that
2008   2, 83  |              is evident that original sin is ~caused through our origin.
2009   2, 83  |           primary subject of original sin. ~Now the origin reaches
2010   2, 83  |           primary subject of original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[83] A[
2011   2, 83  |               in relation to original sin, holds the ~position of
2012   2, 83  |            Para. 1/1~Whether original sin infects the will before
2013   2, 83  |              would seem that original sin does not infect the will
2014   2, 83  |               other powers. For every sin belongs chiefly to that
2015   2, 83  |              was caused. Now original sin is caused by an act of the
2016   2, 83  |              OBJ 2: Further, original sin is transmitted through the
2017   2, 83  |             organ. Therefore original sin is in them more than in
2018   2, 83  |     understood. If therefore original sin infects all ~the powers
2019   2, 83  |              iii). Therefore original sin, which is opposed to it,
2020   2, 83  |            the infection of ~original sin. First, its inherence to
2021   2, 83  |               inclination to commit a sin, and ~this is the will,
2022   2, 83  |               2). Therefore original ~sin regards first of all the
2023   2, 83  |               1~Reply OBJ 1: Original sin, in man, is not caused by
2024   2, 83  |              the ~subject of original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[83] A[
2025   2, 83  |               1~Reply OBJ 2: Original sin spreads in two ways; from
2026   2, 83  |             the infection of original sin reaches it ~first.~Aquin.:
2027   2, 83  |              which motion pertains to sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[83] A[
2028   2, 83  |             the infection of original sin seems to pertain more ~to
2029   2, 83  |               be first the subject of sin. Now this ~is the rational
2030   2, 83  |            most ~infected by original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[83] A[
2031   2, 83  |            most ~infected by original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[83] A[
2032   2, 83  |             the infection of original sin is most apparent in the
2033   2, 83  |             the infection of original sin regards these ~three chiefly,
2034   2, 83  |            the corruption of original sin is ~transmitted by the act
2035   2, 83  |              be corrupted by original sin, ~these three are said specially
2036   2, 83  |               1~Reply OBJ 1: Original sin, in so far as it inclines
2037   2, 83  |               The infection of actual sin belongs only to the powers ~
2038   2, 83  |            the infection of original ~sin is not derived from the
2039   2, 83  |               is infected by original sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[83] A[
2040   2, 84  |           Para. 1/1 - OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, IN RESPECT OF ONE SIN BEING
2041   2, 84  |             OF SIN, IN RESPECT OF ONE SIN BEING THE CAUSE OF ANOTHER (
2042   2, 84  |             now consider the cause of sin, in so far as one sin can
2043   2, 84  |              of sin, in so far as one sin can be the ~cause of another.
2044   2, 84  |             is the beginning of every sin?~(3) Whether other special
2045   2, 84  |             and thus ~it is a special sin. Secondly, as denoting inordinate
2046   2, 84  |              all sins, because every ~sin includes an inordinate turning
2047   2, 84  |             from earth, just as every sin grows out of the ~love of
2048   2, 84  |   covetousness, as denoting a special sin, is ~called the root of
2049   2, 84  |               means of committing any sin whatever, and of sating
2050   2, 84  |            sating his ~desire for any sin whatever, since money helps
2051   2, 84  |               Reply OBJ 1: Virtue and sin do not arise from the same
2052   2, 84  |             from the same source. For sin ~arises from the desire
2053   2, 84  |             is the beginning of every sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[84] A[
2054   2, 84  |            not the beginning of every sin. For ~the root is a beginning
2055   2, 84  |               that the beginning of a sin seems ~to be the same as
2056   2, 84  |               the same as the root of sin. Now covetousness is the
2057   2, 84  |    covetousness is the root of every ~sin, as stated above (A[1]).
2058   2, 84  |               the beginning of every ~sin, and not pride.~Aquin.:
2059   2, 84  |               apostasy ~from God is a sin. Therefore another sin is
2060   2, 84  |              a sin. Therefore another sin is the beginning of pride,
2061   2, 84  |            not the beginning of every sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[84] A[
2062   2, 84  |                the beginning of every sin would seem to be that which ~
2063   2, 84  |             is the beginning of every sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[84] A[
2064   2, 84  |              is the beginning ~of all sin."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[84] A[
2065   2, 84  |              and thus it is a special sin. ~Secondly, as denoting
2066   2, 84  |             they say, it is a generic sin. ~Thirdly, as denoting an
2067   2, 84  |               the beginning ~of every sin, and that it differs from
2068   2, 84  |         because covetousness ~regards sin as turning towards the mutable
2069   2, 84  |             the mutable good by which sin is, as it ~were, nourished
2070   2, 84  |                 whereas pride regards sin as turning away from God,
2071   2, 84  |              is the beginning of all ~sin." For it is evident that
2072   2, 84  |           even ~as denoting a special sin, is the beginning of every
2073   2, 84  |             is the beginning of every sin. For we must ~take note
2074   2, 84  |              the "beginning" of every sin. ~On the other hand, in
2075   2, 84  |            fulfilling all desires of ~sin, has the character of a
2076   2, 84  |           does not denote the special sin, but ~rather that general
2077   2, 84  |            general condition of every sin, consisting in its turning ~
2078   2, 84  |           that it alone, and no other sin, should be ~called a capital
2079   2, 84  |            follow from the head. But ~sin implies privation of order.
2080   2, 84  |         privation of order. Therefore sin has not the character of ~
2081   2, 84  |         punishment. But every kind of sin comprises some that are
2082   2, 84  |                capital" is given to a sin for which capital punishment
2083   2, 84  |              2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Sin lacks order in so far as
2084   2, 84  |             order." But in so far as ~sin implies a turning to something,
2085   2, 84  |        respect, there can be order in sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[84] A[
2086   2, 84  |           objection considers capital sin as so called from the ~punishment
2087   2, 84  |             of the soul are causes of sin, as stated ~above (Q[77]).
2088   2, 84  |             or avarice is the root of sin, so ~is pride the beginning
2089   2, 84  |             is pride the beginning of sin, as stated above (A[2]).
2090   2, 84  |                or when ~one commits a sin with a good intention, e.g.
2091   2, 84  |             be the beginning of every sin, in the ~order of the end,
2092   2, 84  |               to consider the capital sin as being principal. Wherefore ~
2093   2, 84  |              ignorance that can cause sin, is ~due to negligence,
2094   2, 84  |              2]). That a man commit a sin ~with a good intention,
2095   2, 85  |               1/2 - OF THE EFFECTS OF SIN, AND, FIRST, OF THE CORRUPTION
2096   2, 85  |               consider the effects of sin; and (1) the corruption
2097   2, 85  |               nature is diminished by sin?~(2) Whether it can be taken
2098   2, 85  |            stricken in consequence of sin.~(4) Whether privation of
2099   2, 85  |             and order is an effect of sin?~(5) Whether death and other
2100   2, 85  |             defects are the result of sin?~(6) Whether they are, in
2101   2, 85  |               Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether sin diminishes the good of nature?~
2102   2, 85  |             OBJ 1: It would seem that sin does not diminish the good
2103   2, 85  |            good of nature. For ~man's sin is no worse than the devil'
2104   2, 85  |            unimpaired in devils after sin, as Dionysius states (Div.
2105   2, 85  |                Therefore neither does sin diminish the good of human
2106   2, 85  |              action. Therefore, ~when sin has caused a disorder in
2107   2, 85  |             Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, sin is an action, while diminution
2108   2, 85  |            who sins, does not, by his sin, diminish the good ~of his
2109   2, 85  |            regards that accident. But sin is ~in the good of nature
2110   2, 85  |               in a subject. Therefore sin does not ~diminish the good
2111   2, 85  |             i.e. to the corruption of sin, was stripped of his gifts, ~
2112   2, 85  |       expounds the passage. Therefore sin diminishes the ~good of
2113   2, 85  |          destroyed nor ~diminished by sin. The third good of nature
2114   2, 85  |       entirely destroyed ~through the sin of our first parent. But
2115   2, 85  |              virtue, is diminished by sin. Because human ~acts produce
2116   2, 85  |              diminished. Wherefore as sin is opposed to virtue, from
2117   2, 85  |            there is nothing to hinder sin from ~diminishing the good
2118   2, 85  |         nature; but only in so far as sin is itself a ~diminution
2119   2, 85  |            nature can be destroyed by sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2120   2, 85  |           nature can be ~destroyed by sin. For the good of human nature
2121   2, 85  |             continually diminished by sin, it seems that in the end
2122   2, 85  |          thereof can be taken away by sin, it seems that the ~whole
2123   2, 85  |             can also be taken away by sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2124   2, 85  |           nature, that is weakened by sin, is aptitude ~for virtue.
2125   2, 85  |       entirely in some on account of ~sin: thus the lost cannot be
2126   2, 85  |               can to sight. Therefore sin can take away the good of
2127   2, 85  |           some good." But the evil of sin cannot be in the good of ~
2128   2, 85  |                that is ~diminished by sin, is the natural inclination
2129   2, 85  |                to act virtuously. Now sin cannot entirely take away
2130   2, 85  |              no longer be capable of ~sin. Wherefore it is not possible
2131   2, 85  |            continually diminished ~by sin, some, in order to illustrate
2132   2, 85  |             issue, since a subsequent sin does not diminish the good
2133   2, 85  |           nature less than a previous sin, but perhaps more, if it
2134   2, 85  |              if it be a more grievous sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2135   2, 85  |              it is not diminished ~by sin, because sin does not diminish
2136   2, 85  |           diminished ~by sin, because sin does not diminish nature,
2137   2, 85  |             go on indefinitely adding sin to sin: ~and yet it cannot
2138   2, 85  |            indefinitely adding sin to sin: ~and yet it cannot be destroyed
2139   2, 85  |             of nature consequent upon sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2140   2, 85  |             of nature consequent upon sin. ~For one same thing is
2141   2, 85  |              reckoned to be causes of sin, as appears from what has
2142   2, 85  |             be reckoned as effects of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2143   2, 85  |               malice is the name of a sin. Therefore it should have
2144   2, 85  |            place among the effects of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2145   2, 85  |          stated (Q[77], A[3]) that to sin from ~weakness is the same
2146   2, 85  |            weakness is the same as to sin from passion. But concupiscence
2147   2, 85  |            was ~forfeited through the sin of our first parent, as
2148   2, 85  |          result of our first parent's sin. But since the inclination ~
2149   2, 85  |      individual on account of ~actual sin, as was explained above (
2150   2, 85  |           sins, in so far as, through sin, the reason is ~obscured,
2151   2, 85  |          reason why the effect of one sin should not be ~the cause
2152   2, 85  |              more ~easily inclined to sin again.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2153   2, 85  |             not to be taken here as a sin, but as a certain ~proneness
2154   2, 85  |            and order is the effect of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2155   2, 85  |           order is not ~the effect of sin. For Augustine says (De
2156   2, 85  |               is no good at all." But sin does not ~destroy the good
2157   2, 85  |         nothing is its own cause. But sin itself is the ~"privation
2158   2, 85  |           order is not the ~effect of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2159   2, 85  |               not the effect of each ~sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2160   2, 85  |            Para. 1/1~On the contrary, Sin is to the soul what weakness
2161   2, 85  |           destroyed nor diminished by sin. There ~is again the good
2162   2, 85  |             and this is diminished by sin, as stated above (AA[1]~,
2163   2, 85  |               entirely ~taken away by sin. Lastly, there is a good
2164   2, 85  |              of ~which is essentially sin. Hence it is clear both
2165   2, 85  |            Hence it is clear both how sin is privation of ~mode, species
2166   2, 85  |             defects are the result of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2167   2, 85  |        defects are not the ~result of sin. Because equal causes have
2168   2, 85  |             others, whereas ~original sin, from which especially these
2169   2, 85  |         defects are not the result of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2170   2, 85  |             are not removed, when all sin is removed by Baptism or ~
2171   2, 85  |            they are not the effect of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2172   2, 85  |              1~OBJ 3: Further, actual sin has more of the character
2173   2, 85  |               of guilt than ~original sin has. But actual sin does
2174   2, 85  |          original sin has. But actual sin does not change the nature
2175   2, 85  |              therefore, does original sin. ~Therefore death and other
2176   2, 85  |         defects are not the result of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2177   2, 85  |                Rm. 5:12), "By one man sin entered ~into this world,
2178   2, 85  |               into this world, and by sin death."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2179   2, 85  |            sinner, it is evident that sin is not, of itself, the ~
2180   2, 85  |             thereon." In this way the sin of our first parent is the ~
2181   2, 85  |          nature, in so far as by ~the sin of our first parent original
2182   2, 85  |          being forfeited through the ~sin of our first parent; just
2183   2, 85  |               punishments of original sin. And although ~the defects
2184   2, 85  |              fewer, although original sin is equal in all.~Aquin.:
2185   2, 85  |              Both original and actual sin are removed by the same
2186   2, 85  |               be considered in actual sin, the substance ~of the act,
2187   2, 85  |         substance of the act, ~actual sin can cause a bodily defect:
2188   2, 85  |        justice did. Wherefore ~actual sin does not cause those defects,
2189   2, 85  |            those defects, as original sin does.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85]
2190   2, 85  |            the punishment of original sin, as stated above ~(A[5]).
2191   2, 85  |            death is the punishment of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2192   2, 86  |           Para. 1/1 - OF THE STAIN OF SIN (TWO ARTICLES)~We must now
2193   2, 86  |             now consider the stain of sin; under which head there
2194   2, 86  |               1) Whether an effect of sin is a stain on the soul?~(
2195   2, 86  |             the soul after the act of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[86] A[
2196   2, 86  |               Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether sin causes a stain on the soul?~
2197   2, 86  |             OBJ 1: It would seem that sin causes no stain on the soul.
2198   2, 86  |             Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, sin is chiefly in the will,
2199   2, 86  |               is the ~will stained by sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[86] A[
2200   2, 86  |                1/1~OBJ 3: Further, if sin causes a stain, this stain
2201   2, 86  |             after committing a mortal sin of prodigality, ~is so changed
2202   2, 86  |             changed as to fall into a sin of the opposite vice. Therefore
2203   2, 86  |            stain is not the effect of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[86] A[
2204   2, 86  |              question of the stain of sin. Therefore a stain is the
2205   2, 86  |               stain is the effect ~of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[86] A[
2206   2, 86  |       relation to its cause, which is sin; wherefore diverse sins ~
2207   2, 86  |             the soul after the act of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[86] A[
2208   2, 86  |            the soul after ~the act of sin. For after an action, nothing
2209   2, 86  |            the ~soul after the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[86] A[
2210   2, 86  |          Further, the stain is to the sin what the shadow is to the
2211   2, 86  |             the soul when ~the act of sin is past.~Aquin.: SMT FS
2212   2, 86  |              the ~stain is the act of sin. Therefore when the act
2213   2, 86  |             Therefore when the act of sin is no longer ~there, neither
2214   2, 86  |             answer that, The stain of sin remains in the soul even
2215   2, 86  |            soul even when the act of ~sin is past. The reason for
2216   2, 86  |              this light, the stain of sin remains in ~him: but as
2217   2, 86  |               For although the act of sin ~ceases, whereby man withdrew
2218   2, 86  |             the soul after the act of sin, ~except the disposition
2219   2, 86  |          passes at once. But when the sin is ~past, the soul does
2220   2, 86  |               Reply OBJ 3: The act of sin parts man from God, which
2221   2, 86  |              neither, when the act of sin ceases, is the stain removed.~
2222   2, 87  |         itself; (2) mortal and venial sin, which differ in respect
2223   2, 87  |            punishment is an effect of sin?~(2) Whether one sin can
2224   2, 87  |               of sin?~(2) Whether one sin can be the punishment of
2225   2, 87  |              another?~(3) Whether any sin incurs a debt of eternal
2226   2, 87  |               punishment?~(4) Whether sin incurs a debt of punishment
2227   2, 87  |           quantity?~(5) Whether every sin incurs a debt of eternal
2228   2, 87  |           punishment can remain after sin?~(7) Whether every punishment
2229   2, 87  |         punishment is inflicted for a sin?~(8) Whether one person
2230   2, 87  |              punishment for another's sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2231   2, 87  |            punishment is an effect of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2232   2, 87  |       punishment is not an effect of ~sin. For that which is accidentally
2233   2, 87  |              accidentally related ~to sin, for it is beside the intention
2234   2, 87  |        punishment is not an effect of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2235   2, 87  |      Therefore it is not an effect of sin, ~which is evil.~Aquin.:
2236   2, 87  |              indefinitely. Therefore ~sin does not incur the debt
2237   2, 87  |                But to work evil is to sin. ~Therefore sin incurs a
2238   2, 87  |            evil is to sin. ~Therefore sin incurs a punishment which
2239   2, 87  |        principle thereof. And because sin is an inordinate act, ~it
2240   2, 87  |               orders is disturbed by ~sin, for the sinner acts against
2241   2, 87  |             OBJ 1: Punishment follows sin, inasmuch as this is an
2242   2, 87  |               itself is the effect of sin, not ~directly but dispositively.
2243   2, 87  |           directly but dispositively. Sin, however, makes man deserving
2244   2, 87  |             be directly the effect of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2245   2, 87  |       inordinate affection" is due to sin ~as overturning the order
2246   2, 87  |               of reason. Nevertheless sin incurs a further ~punishment,
2247   2, 87  |              Thes. Para. 1/1 ~Whether sin can be the punishment of
2248   2, 87  |              can be the punishment of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2249   2, 87  |             OBJ 1: It would seem that sin cannot be the punishment
2250   2, 87  |           cannot be the punishment of sin. For the ~purpose of punishment
2251   2, 87  |           declares (Ethic. x, 9). Now sin does not bring man back
2252   2, 87  |        opposite direction. Therefore ~sin is not the punishment of
2253   2, 87  |              is not the punishment of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2254   2, 87  |                 lxxxiii, qu. 82). But sin is not from God, and is
2255   2, 87  |              an injustice. Therefore ~sin cannot be the punishment
2256   2, 87  |           cannot be the punishment of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2257   2, 87  |      something against the ~will. But sin is something from the will,
2258   2, 87  |             74], AA[1]~,2). Therefore sin cannot be the punishment
2259   2, 87  |           cannot be the punishment of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2260   2, 87  |          answer that, We may speak of sin in two ways: first, in its
2261   2, 87  |          which is accidental thereto. Sin as such ~can nowise be the
2262   2, 87  |        punishment of another. Because sin considered in its ~essence
2263   2, 87  |       Consequently it is evident that sin regarded in its essence
2264   2, 87  |          nowise be ~the punishment of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2265   2, 87  |                2/2~On the other hand, sin can be the punishment of
2266   2, 87  |              can be the punishment of sin accidentally in ~three ways.
2267   2, 87  |           three ways. First, when one sin is the cause of another,
2268   2, 87  |               the like ~are causes of sin, but are impeded by the
2269   2, 87  |               withdrawn on account of sin. Wherefore since the withdrawal
2270   2, 87  |               the result is ~that the sin which ensues from this is
2271   2, 87  |           their passions. In this way sin is always ~said to be the
2272   2, 87  |             punishment of a preceding sin. Secondly, by reason of
2273   2, 87  |              the effect, so ~that one sin is said to be a punishment
2274   2, 87  |              In the ~last two ways, a sin is a punishment not only
2275   2, 87  |               respect of a preceding ~sin, but also with regard to
2276   2, 87  |         permitting them to fall into ~sin, this is directed to the
2277   2, 87  |                to wit, men arise from sin, ~more humble and more cautious.
2278   2, 87  |             seeing some men fall from sin to sin, are the more fearful
2279   2, 87  |             some men fall from sin to sin, are the more fearful of ~
2280   2, 87  |          nature to withdraw man ~from sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2281   2, 87  |              This objection considers sin essentially as such: and
2282   2, 87  |           Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether any sin incurs a debt of eternal
2283   2, 87  |              1: It would seem that no sin incurs a debt of eternal
2284   2, 87  |             thou shalt judge it." Now sin is temporal. Therefore ~
2285   2, 87  |             guilty of an ~everlasting sin."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2286   2, 87  |               As stated above (A[1]), sin incurs a debt of punishment ~
2287   2, 87  |              order. Consequently if a sin destroys the ~principle
2288   2, 87  |        Punishment is proportionate to sin in point of severity, ~both
2289   2, 87  |              that he fixes his end in sin, he has the will to sin, ~
2290   2, 87  |               sin, he has the will to sin, ~everlastingly. Wherefore
2291   2, 87  |            for those who refrain from sin through the ~thought of
2292   2, 87  |               Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether sin incurs a debt of punishment
2293   2, 87  |             OBJ 1: It would seem that sin incurs a debt of punishment
2294   2, 87  |         according to God's vengeance, sin is awarded a punishment
2295   2, 87  |       According to the measure of the sin shall the ~measure also
2296   2, 87  |             of the stripes be." Now a sin which is committed against ~
2297   2, 87  |              because the gravity of a sin increases according to the ~
2298   2, 87  |            thus it is a more grievous sin to ~strike the sovereign
2299   2, 87  |               punishment is due for a sin committed ~against God.~
2300   2, 87  |        Punishment is proportionate to sin. Now sin comprises two ~
2301   2, 87  |             proportionate to sin. Now sin comprises two ~things. First,
2302   2, 87  |           wherefore, in this respect, sin is infinite. Secondly, there ~
2303   2, 87  |         mutable good. In this respect sin is finite, ~both because
2304   2, 87  |             Accordingly, in so far as sin consists in turning away
2305   2, 87  |           i.e. God. But ~in so far as sin turns inordinately to something,
2306   2, 87  |               This argument considers sin as turning away from something, ~
2307   2, 87  |               Para. 1/1~Whether every sin incurs a debt of eternal
2308   2, 87  |              It would seem that every sin incurs a debt of eternal
2309   2, 87  |                punishment: whereas no sin, apparently, differs infinitely
2310   2, 87  |            from another, ~since every sin is a human act, which cannot
2311   2, 87  |              A[4]), ~it seems that no sin incurs a debt of mere temporal
2312   2, 87  |              OBJ 2: Further, original sin is the least of all sins,
2313   2, 87  |             are punished for original sin alone." But original ~sin
2314   2, 87  |             sin alone." But original ~sin incurs everlasting punishment,
2315   2, 87  |            who have died in ~original sin through not being baptized,
2316   2, 87  |           Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, a sin does not deserve greater
2317   2, 87  |              being ~united to another sin; for Divine justice has
2318   2, 87  |               its punishment to ~each sin. Now a venial sin deserves
2319   2, 87  |                each sin. Now a venial sin deserves eternal punishment
2320   2, 87  |             it be united to ~a mortal sin in a lost soul, because
2321   2, 87  |                sins. Therefore venial sin by itself deserves eternal
2322   2, 87  |         punishment is not due for any sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2323   2, 87  |             As stated above (A[3]), a sin incurs a debt of eternal ~
2324   2, 87  |               2~Reply OBJ 2: Original sin incurs everlasting punishment,
2325   2, 87  |              there is no remission of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2326   2, 87  |          Third Objection about venial sin. Because ~eternity of punishment
2327   2, 87  |     correspond to the quantity of the sin, ~but to its irremissibility,
2328   2, 87  |              punishment remains after sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2329   2, 87  |              debt of punishment after sin. ~For if the cause be removed
2330   2, 87  |            the effect is removed. But sin is the cause ~of the debt
2331   2, 87  |       punishment. Therefore, when the sin is removed, the debt ~of
2332   2, 87  |             Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, sin is removed by man returning
2333   2, 87  |               reward. Therefore, when sin is ~removed, the debt of
2334   2, 87  |             disease. Therefore, ~when sin is removed the debt of punishment
2335   2, 87  |              also hath taken away thy sin; thou shalt not die. Nevertheless ~
2336   2, 87  |        punished by God even after his sin is forgiven: and so the
2337   2, 87  |          punishment remains, when the sin has been removed.~Aquin.:
2338   2, 87  |           things may be considered in sin: the guilty act, and ~the
2339   2, 87  |         actual sins, when the ~act of sin has ceased, the guilt remains;
2340   2, 87  |           remains; because the act of sin makes ~man deserving of
2341   2, 87  |               speak of the removal of sin as to the stain, it is evident ~
2342   2, 87  |            evident ~that the stain of sin cannot be removed from the
2343   2, 87  |                Wherefore the stain of sin cannot be removed from man,
2344   2, 87  |            the punishment of his past sin, or bear ~patiently the
2345   2, 87  |              that, when the stain of ~sin has been removed, there
2346   2, 87  |              Just as after the act of sin has ceased, the stain remains, ~
2347   2, 87  |              is removed, the wound of sin is healed as ~regards the
2348   2, 87  |            were so disordered by the ~sin committed, so that, to wit,
2349   2, 87  |               were scandalized at the sin many be edified ~by the
2350   2, 87  |         punishment is inflicted for a sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2351   2, 87  |         punishment is inflicted for a sin. ~For it is written (Jn.
2352   2, 87  |            forth, and yet there is no sin in them after they have
2353   2, 87  |            baptized, there is no more sin in ~them than in the other
2354   2, 87  |         punishment is inflicted for a sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2355   2, 87  |        punishment ~is inflicted for a sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2356   2, 87  |                2:22) that "He did no ~sin, nor was guile found in
2357   2, 87  |          always inflicted ~by God for sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2358   2, 87  |               and is ~inflicted for a sin."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2359   2, 87  |            has always a relation to a sin in the one punished. ~Sometimes
2360   2, 87  |               is a relation to actual sin, as when a man is punished
2361   2, 87  |         punished by ~God or man for a sin committed by him. Sometimes
2362   2, 87  |               a relation to ~original sin: and this, either principally
2363   2, 87  |            the punishment of original sin is that human nature is
2364   2, 87  |             they ~are not referred to sin as their cause, except in
2365   2, 87  |                punishment of original sin. For there was no need,
2366   2, 87  |               is reduced to original ~sin as its cause.~Aquin.: SMT
2367   2, 87  |              punishments of original ~sin, as stated above (Q[85],
2368   2, 87  |             is punished for another's sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2369   2, 87  |             be punished for another's sin. For it ~is written (Ex.
2370   2, 87  |             is punished for another's sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[87] A[
2371   2, 87  |       punished, not for the ~father's sin, but for his own, inasmuch
2372   2, 87  |               inflicted on account of sin, inasmuch as it is ~penal,
2373   2, 87  |               is punished for his own sin only, because the sinful ~
2374   2, 87  |               punished for another's ~sin. For it has been stated (
2375   2, 87  |        inflicted on one for another's sin, either by God ~or by man;
2376   2, 87  |             servants take part in the sin, this ~penal ill has the
2377   2, 87  |              do not take part in ~the sin, it has the character of
2378   2, 87  |               consent to the other's ~sin), since it is intended for
2379   2, 87  |       inflicted on one for ~another's sin, because, as regards the
2380   2, 87  |        reference ~to the imitation of sin, wherefore in Exodus these
2381   2, 87  |         latter are ~the more prone to sin through being brought up
2382   2, 87  |        inflicts on one for ~another's sin are bodily and temporal.
2383   2, 88  |              2 - OF VENIAL AND MORTAL SIN (SIX ARTICLES)~In the next
2384   2, 88  |             we shall consider ~venial sin as compared with mortal
2385   2, 88  |               as compared with mortal sin; secondly, we shall consider ~
2386   2, 88  |             we shall consider ~venial sin in itself.~Aquin.: SMT FS
2387   2, 88  |           inquiry:~(1) Whether venial sin is fittingly condivided
2388   2, 88  |      fittingly condivided with mortal sin?~(2) Whether they differ
2389   2, 88  |       generically?~(3) Whether venial sin is a disposition to mortal
2390   2, 88  |               a disposition to mortal sin?~(4) Whether a venial sin
2391   2, 88  |             sin?~(4) Whether a venial sin can become mortal?~(5) Whether
2392   2, 88  |          mortal?~(5) Whether a venial sin can become mortal by reason
2393   2, 88  |    circumstance?~(6) Whether a mortal sin can become venial?~Aquin.:
2394   2, 88  |              Para. 1/1~Whether venial sin is fittingly condivided
2395   2, 88  |      fittingly condivided with mortal sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2396   2, 88  |             It would seem that venial sin is unfittingly condivided
2397   2, 88  |               condivided with ~mortal sin. For Augustine says (Contra
2398   2, 88  |             Contra Faust. xxii, 27): "Sin is a word, ~deed or desire
2399   2, 88  |               the eternal law makes a sin to be mortal. Consequently
2400   2, 88  |            mortal. Consequently every sin ~is mortal. Therefore venial
2401   2, 88  |              mortal. Therefore venial sin is not condivided with mortal
2402   2, 88  |            not condivided with mortal sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2403   2, 88  |             this commandment, because sin is not done for God's glory. ~
2404   2, 88  |     commandment is to commit a mortal sin, it ~seems that whoever
2405   2, 88  |             of God's ~law is a mortal sin.] denotes a mortal sin,
2406   2, 88  |         mortal sin.] denotes a mortal sin, it seems that whoever sins, ~
2407   2, 88  |            mortally. Therefore venial sin is unfittingly condivided
2408   2, 88  |    unfittingly condivided with mortal sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2409   2, 88  |               damnation, and a venial sin, one that does not." But
2410   2, 88  |                crime denotes a mortal sin. Therefore venial sin is
2411   2, 88  |          mortal sin. Therefore venial sin is fittingly condivided ~
2412   2, 88  |               condivided ~with mortal sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2413   2, 88  |         metaphorically, as applied to sin, it is opposed to that which
2414   2, 88  |               A[1] Body Para. 2/3~For sin, being a sickness of the
2415   2, 88  |             called ~venial: because a sin receives its acquittal [
2416   2, 88  |              and this ceases when the sin ceases, as ~explained above (
2417   2, 88  |            the soul. Therefore venial sin is fittingly condivided ~
2418   2, 88  |               condivided ~with mortal sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2419   2, 88  |          Reply OBJ 1: The division of sin into venial and mortal is
2420   2, 88  |    Consequently the perfect notion of sin, which Augustine ~gives,
2421   2, 88  |              gives, applies to mortal sin. On the other hand, venial
2422   2, 88  |             On the other hand, venial sin is called a ~sin, in reference
2423   2, 88  |               venial sin is called a ~sin, in reference to an imperfect
2424   2, 88  |             to an imperfect notion of sin, and in relation to ~mortal
2425   2, 88  |            and in relation to ~mortal sin: even as an accident is
2426   2, 88  |            therefore, to avoid mortal sin each time that one ~fails
2427   2, 88  |            God habitually. Now venial sin excludes ~only actual reference
2428   2, 88  |             Whether mortal and venial sin differ generically?~Aquin.:
2429   2, 88  |           seem that venial and mortal sin do not differ ~generically,
2430   2, 88  |               either mortal or venial sin may be committed in regard
2431   2, 88  |            God, which may be a venial sin, or more than God, which
2432   2, 88  |           than God, which is a mortal sin. ~Therefore venial and mortal
2433   2, 88  |           Therefore venial and mortal sin do not differ generically.~
2434   2, 88  |                 A[5]; Q[87], A[3]), a sin ~is called mortal when it
2435   2, 88  |             irreparability belongs to sin committed out of malice,
2436   2, 88  |          Therefore ~mortal and venial sin differ as sin committed
2437   2, 88  |              and venial sin differ as sin committed through malice
2438   2, 88  |          through malice differs from ~sin committed through weakness
2439   2, 88  |           Therefore venial and mortal sin do not differ generically.~
2440   2, 88  |      movements occur in every kind of sin. Therefore no sins ~are
2441   2, 88  |               3~I answer that, Venial sin is so called from "venia" [
2442   2, 88  |              pardon]. ~Consequently a sin may be called venial, first
2443   2, 88  |             that "penance makes every sin venial": ~and this is called
2444   2, 88  |              the result." Secondly, a sin is called ~venial because
2445   2, 88  |        pardoned: partially, as when a sin contains ~something diminishing
2446   2, 88  |         diminishing its guilt, e.g. a sin committed through weakness
2447   2, 88  |      punishment. It is of this venial sin that we wish to ~speak now.~
2448   2, 88  |     determinate genus: whereas venial sin, taken in the third sense,
2449   2, 88  |        determinate genus, so that one sin may be venial generically,
2450   2, 88  |        directed to his ~last end, the sin is mortal by reason of its
2451   2, 88  |          Consequently it is a ~mortal sin generically, whether it
2452   2, 88  |             happens sometimes that a ~sin which is venial generically
2453   2, 88  |            something that is a mortal sin in its own ~genus; for example,
2454   2, 88  |            part of the agent, that a ~sin generically mortal because
2455   2, 88  |              Para. 1/1~Whether venial sin is a disposition to mortal
2456   2, 88  |               a disposition to mortal sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2457   2, 88  |             It would seem that venial sin is not a disposition to
2458   2, 88  |               a disposition to mortal sin. ~For one contrary does
2459   2, 88  |        another. But venial and mortal sin ~are condivided as contrary
2460   2, 88  |              A[1]). ~Therefore venial sin is not a disposition to
2461   2, 88  |               a disposition to mortal sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2462   2, 88  |                 But mortal and venial sin differ in genus or ~species,
2463   2, 88  |               A[2]). Therefore venial sin does not dispose to ~mortal
2464   2, 88  |           does not dispose to ~mortal sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2465   2, 88  |              1/1~OBJ 3: Further, if a sin is called venial because
2466   2, 88  |        because it disposes to mortal ~sin, it follows that whatever
2467   2, 88  |           whatever disposes to mortal sin is a venial sin. Now ~every
2468   2, 88  |             to mortal sin is a venial sin. Now ~every good work disposes
2469   2, 88  |               work disposes to mortal sin; wherefore Augustine says
2470   2, 88  |             away together into mortal sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2471   2, 88  |             it. Accordingly an act of sin ~disposes to something in
2472   2, 88  |               species. In this way, a sin generically venial does ~
2473   2, 88  |              its nature, dispose to a sin generically mortal, ~for
2474   2, 88  |               this same way, a venial sin ~can dispose, by way of
2475   2, 88  |              way of consequence, to a sin which is mortal on the part ~
2476   2, 88  |       strengthened ~by acts of venial sin, that the lust of sinning
2477   2, 88  |          fixes his end in that venial sin: since the end for one who
2478   2, 88  |          becomes disposed to a mortal sin. ~Secondly, a human act
2479   2, 88  |                thereto. In this way a sin generically venial can dispose
2480   2, 88  |               venial can dispose to a sin generically mortal. Because
2481   2, 88  |             Because he that commits a sin generically venial, ~turns
2482   2, 88  |           something ~that is a mortal sin in its genus.~Aquin.: SMT
2483   2, 88  |              OBJ 1: Venial and mortal sin are not condivided in contrariety
2484   2, 88  |    substantial form, so can a venial ~sin dispose to mortal.~Aquin.:
2485   2, 88  |               1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Venial sin is not like mortal sin in
2486   2, 88  |         Venial sin is not like mortal sin in species; but it is in ~
2487   2, 88  |               a disposition to mortal sin; ~but it can be the matter
2488   2, 88  |          matter or occasion of mortal sin accidentally; whereas ~a
2489   2, 88  |       accidentally; whereas ~a venial sin, of its very nature, disposes
2490   2, 88  |            nature, disposes to mortal sin, as stated.~Aquin.: SMT
2491   2, 88  |            Para. 1/1~Whether a venial sin can become mortal?~Aquin.:
2492   2, 88  |              would seem that a venial sin can become a mortal sin.
2493   2, 88  |               sin can become a mortal sin. For ~Augustine in explaining
2494   2, 88  |           make little of them." Now a sin is called ~mortal through
2495   2, 88  |             soul. Therefore a ~venial sin can become mortal.~Aquin.:
2496   2, 88  |               of ~reason, is a venial sin, but after consent, is a
2497   2, 88  |            after consent, is a mortal sin, as stated ~above (Q[74],
2498   2, 88  |             ad 2). Therefore a venial sin can become mortal.~Aquin.:
2499   2, 88  |            Further, venial and mortal sin differ as curable and incurable ~
2500   2, 88  |         incurable. Therefore a venial sin may become mortal.~Aquin.: