Part, Question

1501   2, 17  |               commanded, for the same reason ~all are commanded. But
1502   2, 17  |             will precedes the act ~of reason commanding, as stated above (
1503   2, 17  |       precedes by another act of the ~reason, and so on to infinity.
1504   2, 17  |             else than the ~act of the reason directing, with a certain
1505   2, 17  |                it is evident that the reason can direct the act of the
1506   2, 17  |         arises from the fact that the reason is moved by ~opposite motives
1507   2, 17  |            Since command is an act of reason, that act is commanded ~
1508   2, 17  |        commanded ~which is subject to reason. Now the first act of the
1509   2, 17  |              to ~the direction of the reason but to the instigation of
1510   2, 17  |              1~Whether the act of the reason is commanded?~Aquin.: SMT
1511   2, 17  |              seem that the act of the reason cannot be commanded. For ~
1512   2, 17  |         command itself. But it is the reason ~that commands, as stated
1513   2, 17  |              Therefore the act of the reason is ~not commanded.~Aquin.:
1514   2, 17  |             whose act is commanded by reason, is ~rational by participation,
1515   2, 17  |            truth, which is the act of reason, is not always in ~our power.
1516   2, 17  |              Therefore the act of the reason cannot be commanded.~Aquin.:
1517   2, 17  |          command. But the acts of the reason are accomplished through
1518   2, 17  |            Therefore the acts ~of the reason can be commanded.~Aquin.:
1519   2, 17  |              I answer that, Since the reason reacts on itself, just as
1520   2, 17  |              note that the act of the reason may be considered in ~two
1521   2, 17  |      considered thus, the ~act of the reason can always be commanded:
1522   2, 17  |           attentive, and to use one's reason. Secondly, as to the object;
1523   2, 17  |              of which two acts of the reason have to be noticed. One
1524   2, 17  |               respect, the act of the reason is not in our ~power, and
1525   2, 17  |       commanded. The other act of the reason is that ~whereby it assents
1526   2, 17  |            therefore, that which the ~reason apprehends is such that
1527   2, 17  |              1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Reason commands itself, just as
1528   2, 17  |            subject to the act ~of the reason, nothing prevents the reason
1529   2, 17  |          reason, nothing prevents the reason from participating in itself: ~
1530   2, 17  |              says: ~"That which obeys reason is twofold, the concupiscible
1531   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1532   2, 17  |            subject to the command ~of reason, we must consider in what
1533   2, 17  |      regulated by the apprehension of reason, which is ~universal; just
1534   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason. On the other hand, ~condition
1535   2, 17  |            subject to the command of ~reason: and consequently in this
1536   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1537   2, 17  |               without the command ~of reason: although reason could have
1538   2, 17  |          command ~of reason: although reason could have prevented it,
1539   2, 17  |           says (Polit. i, 2) that the reason governs the ~irascible and
1540   2, 17  |        compliance with the command of reason. Hence the Apostle adds ~(
1541   2, 17  |            subject to the ~command of reason: since it is due either
1542   2, 17  |                follows the command of reason: since it results from the ~
1543   2, 17  |            subject to the ordering of reason, in proportion to the strength
1544   2, 17  |              imagine the ~things that reason considers, is either because
1545   2, 17  |            subject to ~the command of reason. For the sensitive powers
1546   2, 17  |            subject to ~the command of reason. Much more, therefore, are
1547   2, 17  |             soul, obey the command of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1548   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason. But in the acts of the
1549   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1550   2, 17  |           power is one over which the reason has ~no control."~Aquin.:
1551   2, 17  |       intellectual appetite. But the ~reason commands by way of apprehensive
1552   2, 17  |        appetite, can be commanded by ~reason: but not those acts that
1553   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1554   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason. Hence the very fact that ~
1555   2, 17  |              vegetal soul do not obey reason, shows that they rank ~lowest.~
1556   2, 17  |          created the world; for which reason the world is wholly subject
1557   2, 17  |               of the body do not obey reason as ~to their acts. For it
1558   2, 17  |            are more ~distant from the reason, than the powers of the
1559   2, 17  |              vegetal soul do not obey reason, as stated above (A[8]). ~
1560   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason: for ~Gregory of Nyssa [*
1561   2, 17  |           pulse is ~not controlled by reason." Therefore the movement
1562   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1563   2, 17  |          members ~are not obedient to reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1564   2, 17  |              respect of ~obedience to reason, so do the members of the
1565   2, 17  |            subject to the command of ~reason, whereas the natural powers
1566   2, 17  |            subject to the ~command of reason; whereas those movements
1567   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[17] A[
1568   2, 17  |              closer contact with ~the reason than are the powers of the
1569   2, 17  |           substantial form: for which reason they are ~said to be moved
1570   2, 17  |             called "vital." For which reason ~Gregory of Nyssa (Nemesius,
1571   2, 17  |               nutrition does not obey reason, so neither ~does the pulse
1572   2, 17  |          these members does not obey ~reason: in this sense, that the
1573   2, 17  |             member's insubmission ~to reason. This is stated by Aristotle (
1574   2, 17  |            involuntary," and that the reason of this is as follows. These
1575   2, 17  |           moved at the command of the reason or intellect, because these ~
1576   2, 17  |             subject to the command of reason. This is the case ~with
1577   2, 18  |            the quantity determined by reason, or its ~due place, or something
1578   2, 18  |              as it lacks the order of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[18] A[
1579   2, 18  |      additions which accrue ~to it by reason of certain accidents: and
1580   2, 18  |       predicated in reference to the ~reason; because as Dionysius says (
1581   2, 18  |             to ~be in accordance with reason," and evil is "to be against
1582   2, 18  |            and evil is "to be against reason." For ~that is good for
1583   2, 18  |             difference in relation to reason; that is to say, according ~
1584   2, 18  |             suitable or unsuitable to reason. Now certain actions ~are
1585   2, 18  |              as they proceed from the reason. ~Consequently it is evident
1586   2, 18  |               as it is in accord with reason, and evil, inasmuch as it
1587   2, 18  |             inasmuch as it is against reason, diversify the moral ~species.~
1588   2, 18  |             object in ~disaccord with reason, for instance, to appropriate
1589   2, 18  |              adultery, as compared to reason, ~differ specifically and
1590   2, 18  |            the object, as compared to reason; and then it can specify ~
1591   2, 18  |            through being repugnant to reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[18] A[
1592   2, 18  |              in the intention of ~the reason, in regard to which moral
1593   2, 18  |          human actions, ~which is the reason. Wherefore if the object
1594   2, 18  |              accord with the order of reason, it will be a good action ~
1595   2, 18  |            repugnant to the order of ~reason, it will be an evil act
1596   2, 18  |           pertaining to the ~order of reason; for instance, to pick up
1597   2, 18  |         considered in relation to the reason, as stated above. And it
1598   2, 18  |            good or bad. For the ~same reason every other action is either
1599   2, 18  |             is good or evil. And the ~reason of this is because a moral
1600   2, 18  |         something belongs to a man by reason of his individual accidents,
1601   2, 18  |             does not belong to him by reason of his species. And every
1602   2, 18  |              since it belongs to the ~reason to direct; if an action
1603   2, 18  |              proceeds from deliberate reason be ~not directed to the
1604   2, 18  |             fact alone, repugnant to ~reason, and has the character of
1605   2, 18  |             end, it is in accord with reason; wherefore it has the character
1606   2, 18  |              proceeds from deliberate reason, if ~it be considered in
1607   2, 18  |               proceed from deliberate reason, but from some ~act of the
1608   2, 18  |             since this depends on the reason. Hence it will be indifferent,
1609   2, 18  |           that is ~repugnant to right reason. And in this sense every
1610   2, 18  |             is intended by deliberate reason, it ~belongs either to the
1611   2, 18  |             forms as conceived by the reason, as is evident from what
1612   2, 18  |          species. But ~the process of reason is not fixed to one particular
1613   2, 18  |             be taken by the directing reason, as the principal ~condition
1614   2, 18  |              property is specified by reason of the property ~being "
1615   2, 18  |           circumstance. But since the reason ~can direct as to place,
1616   2, 18  |              being ~in disaccord with reason: for instance, reason forbids
1617   2, 18  |            with reason: for instance, reason forbids damage to be done ~
1618   2, 18  |            repugnance to the order of reason. And thus place, which was ~
1619   2, 18  |            and as itself repugnant to reason. And ~in this way, whenever
1620   2, 18  |             has a special relation to reason, ~either for or against,
1621   2, 18  |              accord or disaccord with reason. Consequently, although
1622   2, 18  |              Nevertheless there is no reason why one action should not
1623   2, 18  |           good or evil, for this very reason it has ~a certain species
1624   2, 18  |             of ~sin. And for the same reason, every circumstance that
1625   2, 18  |           regards a special ~order of reason. Now it happens sometimes
1626   2, 18  |             regard a special order of reason in respect of good or evil,
1627   2, 18  |               not regard the order of reason in respect ~of good or evil,
1628   2, 18  |         action to be discordant with ~reason. Wherefore to take what
1629   2, 19  |              3) Whether it depends on reason?~(4) Whether it depends
1630   2, 19  |               law?~(5) Whether erring reason binds?~(6) Whether the will
1631   2, 19  |              if it follows the erring reason against the ~law of God?~(
1632   2, 19  |               of the will is good, by reason of the goodness of nature. ~
1633   2, 19  |           truth ~and falsehood regard reason; the act of which is divided
1634   2, 19  |             will as its object by the reason: ~and in so far as it is
1635   2, 19  |               as it is in accord with reason, it enters the moral order, ~
1636   2, 19  |              of the will: because the reason is ~the principle of human
1637   2, 19  |       goodness of the will depends on reason?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1638   2, 19  |              will does not depend on ~reason. For what comes first does
1639   2, 19  |             will before it belongs to reason, as is clear from ~what
1640   2, 19  |              will ~does not depend on reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1641   2, 19  |            goodness of the ~practical reason depends on the goodness
1642   2, 19  |                But the will moves the reason and the other powers, as
1643   2, 19  |              will does not depend on ~reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1644   2, 19  |              desires in opposition to reason." But the goodness of the ~
1645   2, 19  |               on its being subject to reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1646   2, 19  |          object is proposed to it ~by reason. Because the good understood
1647   2, 19  |            the universal ~good, which reason apprehends; whereas the
1648   2, 19  |       goodness of the will depends on reason, in the same way as it depends
1649   2, 19  |              before pertaining to the reason. But considered as true
1650   2, 19  |              true it ~pertains to the reason, before, under the aspect
1651   2, 19  |            previously ~apprehended by reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1652   2, 19  |          means, the rectitude of ~the reason depends on its conformity
1653   2, 19  |           presupposes on the part of ~reason a right apprehension of
1654   2, 19  |             OBJ 3: The will moves the reason in one way: the reason moves
1655   2, 19  |            the reason in one way: the reason moves the ~will in another,
1656   2, 19  |           goodness depends, ~is right reason. Therefore the goodness
1657   2, 19  |              law, which is the Divine Reason, that human reason is the ~
1658   2, 19  |             Divine Reason, that human reason is the ~rule of the human
1659   2, 19  |               say: ~"The light of our reason is able to show us good
1660   2, 19  |               much more than on human reason: and when human reason ~
1661   2, 19  |          human reason: and when human reason ~fails we must have recourse
1662   2, 19  |               recourse to the Eternal Reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1663   2, 19  |          somewhat, ~either by natural reason which is derived therefrom
1664   2, 19  |               at variance with erring reason?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1665   2, 19  |              at variance ~with erring reason. Because the reason is the
1666   2, 19  |            erring reason. Because the reason is the rule of the human
1667   2, 19  |             above (A[4]). But ~erring reason is not derived from the
1668   2, 19  |        eternal law. Therefore erring ~reason is not the rule of the human
1669   2, 19  |               at variance with erring reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1670   2, 19  |               the emperor. But erring reason sometimes proposes what
1671   2, 19  |             the decision of an erring reason does not bind. Consequently
1672   2, 19  |               at variance with erring reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1673   2, 19  |               at variance with erring reason is not reducible to ~some
1674   2, 19  |              For instance, if a man's reason err in telling ~him to commit
1675   2, 19  |               at variance with erring reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1676   2, 19  |              Now ~knowledge is in the reason. Therefore when the will
1677   2, 19  |              at variance with ~erring reason, it is against conscience.
1678   2, 19  |              at ~variance with erring reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1679   2, 19  |              a kind of dictate of the reason (for ~it is an application
1680   2, 19  |              at variance ~with erring reason, is the same as to inquire "
1681   2, 19  |     generically. And they say that if reason or conscience tell us to
1682   2, 19  |    generically; since ~it is the same reason that prescribes what is
1683   2, 19  |             the other hand if a man's reason or conscience tells him
1684   2, 19  |                is forbidden, then his reason or conscience errs. In like
1685   2, 19  |               like manner ~if a man's reason or conscience tell him,
1686   2, 19  |          forbidden or ~commanded, his reason or conscience errs. They
1687   2, 19  |            They say, therefore, that ~reason or conscience when erring
1688   2, 19  |             variance with that erring reason is evil and sinful. But
1689   2, 19  |               But they say that ~when reason or conscience errs in commanding
1690   2, 19  |              at variance with ~erring reason or conscience is not evil.~
1691   2, 19  |               at variance with erring reason or conscience, is evil in
1692   2, 19  |           accidentally apprehended by reason as ~something evil to do
1693   2, 19  |              which is proposed by the reason, as stated above (A[3]),
1694   2, 19  |              thing is proposed by the reason as being evil, the will ~
1695   2, 19  |           goodness, on account of the reason apprehending it as such. ~
1696   2, 19  |              as it is proposed by the reason. If, ~therefore, the erring
1697   2, 19  |                 therefore, the erring reason propose it as an evil, the
1698   2, 19  |            apprehended as such by the reason. In like ~manner, to believe
1699   2, 19  |             as it is ~proposed by the reason. Consequently if it be proposed
1700   2, 19  |              if it be proposed by the reason as ~something evil, the
1701   2, 19  |              the ~apprehension of the reason. Hence the Philosopher says (
1702   2, 19  |            who does not follow ~right reason; but accidentally, he is
1703   2, 19  |            who does not follow false ~reason." We must therefore conclude
1704   2, 19  |          every will ~at variance with reason, whether right or erring,
1705   2, 19  |             the judgment of an erring reason is not derived ~from God,
1706   2, 19  |              from God, yet the erring reason puts forward its judgment
1707   2, 19  |               were to know that human reason was dictating something
1708   2, 19  |              not be bound to abide by reason: but then ~reason would
1709   2, 19  |            abide by reason: but then ~reason would not be entirely erroneous.
1710   2, 19  |            erroneous. But when erring reason proposes ~something as being
1711   2, 19  |               to scorn the dictate of reason ~is to scorn the commandment
1712   2, 19  |               1~Reply OBJ 3: Whenever reason apprehends something as
1713   2, 19  |        scandal, or for some such like reason. ~And then that evil is
1714   2, 19  |              when it abides by erring reason?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1715   2, 19  |             when it abides by erring ~reason. For just as the will, when
1716   2, 19  |             when at variance with the reason, tends to ~that which reason
1717   2, 19  |          reason, tends to ~that which reason judges to be evil; so, when
1718   2, 19  |               so, when in accord with reason, it ~tends to what reason
1719   2, 19  |             reason, it ~tends to what reason judges to be good. But the
1720   2, 19  |               it is ~at variance with reason, even when erring. Therefore
1721   2, 19  |             when it abides ~by erring reason, the will is good.~Aquin.:
1722   2, 19  |               the apprehension of the reason, even ~when it errs. Therefore
1723   2, 19  |             when it abides by erring ~reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1724   2, 19  |              at variance with erring ~reason. If, therefore, the will
1725   2, 19  |             when it abides by erring ~reason, it seems that the will
1726   2, 19  |              conjunction with ~erring reason: so that in such a case
1727   2, 19  |              when it abides by erring reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1728   2, 19  |             in accord with the erring reason, according to Jn. 16:2: "
1729   2, 19  |             when it abides by erring ~reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[19] A[
1730   2, 19  |              is due to negligence, by reason of a man not wishing to ~
1731   2, 19  |                Body Para. 2/2~If then reason or conscience err with an
1732   2, 19  |           know; then such an error of reason or conscience does not excuse ~
1733   2, 19  |            that abides by that erring reason or conscience, from being ~
1734   2, 19  |      involuntary, then ~that error of reason or conscience excuses the
1735   2, 19  |           that abides by that ~erring reason, from being evil. For instance,
1736   2, 19  |               For instance, if erring reason tell a man ~that he should
1737   2, 19  |           that abides by that ~erring reason is evil; since this error
1738   2, 19  |               to know. But if a man's reason, errs in ~mistaking another
1739   2, 19  |             law cannot err, but human reason can. ~Consequently the will
1740   2, 19  |             will that abides by human reason, is not always right, ~nor
1741   2, 19  |               manner, suppose a man's reason or conscience to ~err through
1742   2, 19  |              end is considered as the reason of the goodness of ~the
1743   2, 19  |              end is considered as the reason of the goodness of the ~
1744   2, 19  |               Therefore, for the same reason, in good ~actions, the will
1745   2, 19  |               Therefore, for the same reason, the intention can be better,
1746   2, 19  |               part of the object, by ~reason of a man willing or doing
1747   2, 19  |        inasmuch, to wit, as it is the reason thereof; it comes to ~pass
1748   2, 19  |              as it is proposed by the reason. ~Now a thing may be considered
1749   2, 19  |     considered in various ways by the reason, so as to ~appear good from
1750   2, 19  |               the apprehension of the reason or intellect; ~the more
1751   2, 19  |              that supplies the formal reason, as it were, of willing
1752   2, 19  |            willed materially, for the reason given ~above.~Aquin.: SMT
1753   2, 19  |            the Divine will, as to the reason of the thing willed. But ~
1754   2, 19  |               God's, in the aspect of reason of the ~thing willed, wills
1755   2, 20  |             will, but rather from the reason. ~Consequently, if we consider
1756   2, 20  |              so ~far as it comes from reason's ordination and apprehension,
1757   2, 20  |           proposed to the will by the reason, as good apprehended and ~
1758   2, 20  |      apprehended and ~ordained by the reason: and thus it is prior to
1759   2, 20  |        circumstances, ~depends on the reason: and on this goodness depends
1760   2, 20  |               will be evil ~either by reason of its intention of the
1761   2, 20  |           intention of the end, or by reason of the act ~willed, it follows
1762   2, 20  |        proceed from the ~will and the reason. Consequently the difference
1763   2, 20  |             prudence, which is in the reason, is ordained to things directed ~
1764   2, 20  |        directed ~to the end. For this reason various virtues are necessary.
1765   2, 20  |             are necessary. But right ~reason in regard to the very end
1766   2, 20  |            far as the goodness of the reason is ~participated in each
1767   2, 20  |             to ~be foreseen. For this reason they are reckoned as punishable.~
1768   2, 21  |      CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN ACTIONS BY REASON OF THEIR GOODNESS AND ~MALICE (
1769   2, 21  |      consequences of human actions by reason of ~their goodness and malice:
1770   2, 21  |          action is right or sinful by reason of its being ~good or evil?~(
1771   2, 21  |         produced according to art and reason imitate ~those that are
1772   2, 21  |               action is not sinful by reason of its being inordinate
1773   2, 21  |              action is ~not sinful by reason of its being evil.~Aquin.:
1774   2, 21  |             human action is sinful by reason of its being evil.~Aquin.:
1775   2, 21  |          proximate rule is the ~human reason, while the supreme rule
1776   2, 21  |             according to the order of reason and of ~the Eternal Law,
1777   2, 21  |               aside from the order of reason and of the Eternal Law,
1778   2, 21  |              action is in accord with reason and the Eternal Law. Hence
1779   2, 21  |          action is right or sinful by reason of its being ~good or evil.~
1780   2, 21  |          deserves praise or blame, by reason of its being ~good or evil?~
1781   2, 21  |           deserve praise or ~blame by reason of its being good or evil.
1782   2, 21  |            does not deserve blame, by reason of its being evil or sinful;
1783   2, 21  |            does it deserve praise, by reason of its being good.~Aquin.:
1784   2, 21  |             that neither is there any reason for ~blaming a moral action,
1785   2, 21  |              2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Reason stands in different relations
1786   2, 21  |           actions. In matters of art, reason is directed to a ~particular
1787   2, 21  |               is something devised by reason: whereas in moral ~matters,
1788   2, 21  |            consideration the order of reason to the general end of ~human
1789   2, 21  |          departure from the order of ~reason to the general end of human
1790   2, 21  |              is rendered to a man, by reason of his having done something
1791   2, 21  |               someone else, either by reason of ~himself, or by reason
1792   2, 21  |             reason of ~himself, or by reason of the community: and in
1793   2, 22  |          corruptible, admits of it by reason of its own nature.~Aquin.:
1794   2, 22  |               itself; but knows it by reason ~of an "intention" of the
1795   2, 22  |         action: and this for the same reason that it is more passive,
1796   2, 23  |          should have prudence in ~the reason; hatred of vice in the irascible
1797   2, 23  |            irascible faculty, ~not by reason of hatred, which is properly
1798   2, 23  |             forms of contrariety. The reason of this is that ~the object
1799   2, 23  |                but it also contains a reason for tending to it, as ~attempting
1800   2, 24  |         accord, or ~in disaccord with reason," as Dionysius says (Div.
1801   2, 24  |               the soul are not in the reason, but in the sensitive ~appetite,
1802   2, 24  |        subject to the command of the ~reason and will. If then the passions
1803   2, 24  |             since this depends on the reason, as stated above (Q[18]~,
1804   2, 24  |        subject to the command of the ~reason and will, then moral good
1805   2, 24  |            the outward members to the reason and ~will; and yet the movements
1806   2, 24  |              but, as commanded by the reason, they are proper to ~man.~
1807   2, 24  |               far as "they partake of reason in some sort" (Ethic. i,
1808   2, 24  |              they are subordinate to ~reason. Hence he continues: "For
1809   2, 24  |              according to, or against reason."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[24] A[
1810   2, 24  |           that exceeds the ~limits of reason. Wherefore Cicero, following
1811   2, 24  |           when they are controlled by reason; and evil when they are
1812   2, 24  |           they are not controlled ~by reason. Hence it is evident that
1813   2, 24  |            they are not controlled by reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[24] A[
1814   2, 24  |             from the order of natural reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[24] A[
1815   2, 24  |             contrary to ~the order of reason, incline us to sin: but
1816   2, 24  |               they are ~controlled by reason, they pertain to virtue.~
1817   2, 24  |               hinders the judgment of reason, on which ~depends the goodness
1818   2, 24  |               hinders the judgment of reason: for ~Sallust says (Catilin.): "
1819   2, 24  |            depends on its relation to reason, so ~also does moral good.
1820   2, 24  |               of ~pity is obedient to reason, when pity is bestowed without
1821   2, 24  |           nothing that is obedient to reason lessens the moral good.
1822   2, 24  |             passions be moderated by ~reason. For since man's good is
1823   2, 24  |              man's good is founded on reason as its root, that good ~
1824   2, 24  |              controlled by the law of reason. Hence, since the sensitive
1825   2, 24  |          sensitive appetite can ~obey reason, as stated above (Q[17],
1826   2, 24  |              should be ~controlled by reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[24] A[
1827   2, 24  |          relation to ~the judgment of reason. First, antecedently: and
1828   2, 24  |              obscure ~the judgment of reason, on which the goodness of
1829   2, 24  |          charity from the judgment of reason than from the mere passion ~
1830   2, 24  |                by the judgment of his reason, chooses to be affected
1831   2, 24  |             precedes the judgment of ~reason, diminishes sin; but if
1832   2, 24  |               good and evil depend on reason. ~But the passions are in
1833   2, 24  |              so that accordance with ~reason is accidental to them. Since,
1834   2, 24  |          voluntary and ~controlled by reason. In this way moral good
1835   2, 24  |            harmony or in discord with reason: as is clear in the ~case
1836   2, 24  |              sensitive appetite obeys reason, good and evil of reason ~
1837   2, 24  |              reason, good and evil of reason ~are no longer accidentally
1838   2, 24  |               appetite does not obey ~reason. Nevertheless, in so far
1839   2, 24  |               higher, i.e. the Divine reason, there is a ~certain likeness
1840   2, 25  |             belongs to movement. ~The reason of this is that when we
1841   2, 25  |               quest of a good is the ~reason for shunning the opposite
1842   2, 25  |              felt most; and for this ~reason the power is named after
1843   2, 25  |            the desire of good is the ~reason for avoiding evil, so hope
1844   2, 25  |              hope and despair are the reason for fear and ~daring: because
1845   2, 25  |              but the good that is the reason ~for approach or desire.
1846   2, 25  |               in these four. For this reason some have said that ~these
1847   2, 26  |         according to their nature, by reason of an apprehension ~which
1848   2, 26  |        liberty, in so far as it obeys reason. Again, there is another
1849   2, 26  |            body for the centre, is by reason of its ~weight and may be
1850   2, 26  |           connatural to that body ~by reason of its weight, can, in a
1851   2, 26  |               to love in so far as by reason of the ~complacency of the
1852   2, 26  |             of the appetite differ by reason of their ~objects. But the
1853   2, 26  |        inclines many to evil, is ~the reason why some assigned the difference
1854   2, 26  |            Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 4: The reason why some held that, even
1855   2, 26  |          presupposes the ~judgment of reason. But it is possible for
1856   2, 26  |              be ~drawn thereto by his reason, which pertains to the nature
1857   2, 27  |            hearing, as ministering to reason; for we speak of beautiful
1858   2, 27  |               that is loved. For this reason the Philosopher (Ethic.
1859   2, 27  |           cause of love for the same ~reason as good is, which can be
1860   2, 27  |             knowledge belongs to the ~reason, whose function it is to
1861   2, 27  |             seminal principles in the reason, in ~force of which principles
1862   2, 27  |       conformity with his own natural reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[27] A[
1863   2, 27  |     presuppose love of some kind. The reason is that every other passion
1864   2, 27  |               desires money, for this reason loves him from whom he ~
1865   2, 27  |               increases love; both by reason of pleasure, ~because it
1866   2, 27  |               causes pleasure; and by reason of desire, because hope ~
1867   2, 28  |             it is the function of the reason, not of the ~appetite where
1868   2, 28  |               Therefore, for the same reason, every love makes the beloved
1869   2, 28  |               lover's heart. For this reason we speak of love ~as being "
1870   2, 28  |               The apprehension of the reason precedes the movement of ~
1871   2, 28  |             Consequently, just as the reason divides, so does the movement
1872   2, 28  |                seems to imply loss of reason. But love does not always
1873   2, 28  |             always result in loss of ~reason: for lovers are masters
1874   2, 28  |        apprehension of ~his sense and reason, when he is raised up so
1875   2, 28  |                that surpass sense and reason: or it may be due to his
1876   2, 28  |              that love is hurtful, by reason of this change being excessive:
1877   2, 29  |            accident, by a priority of reason, because it ~is not predicated
1878   2, 29  |           approach to one term is the reason for ~turning away from the
1879   2, 29  |              second nature. For ~this reason, love is felt more keenly
1880   2, 29  |               love." And for the same reason, the unbecomingness of ~
1881   2, 29  |          desiring what is contrary to reason. ~And in both these ways, "
1882   2, 29  |            himself, but not ~for that reason does he hate himself: thus
1883   2, 29  |            his sickness ~for the very reason that he loves himself. Or
1884   2, 29  |              differ ~as considered by reason. For good is considered
1885   2, 29  |            Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: The reason why we love those who are
1886   2, 29  |                because this thing, by reason of its ~common nature, and
1887   2, 29  |            from individuals. For this reason the ~Philosopher says (Rhet.
1888   2, 29  |             common to all cannot be a reason of hatred. ~But nothing
1889   2, 30  |               subject and amenable to reason, is divided into ~the faculties
1890   2, 30  |           good, ~which is the good of reason; the other is in good perceptible
1891   2, 30  |              concupiscence; either by reason of a certain likeness; ~
1892   2, 30  |             Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, reason is contrasted with nature,
1893   2, 30  |             And because different men reason differently, ~therefore
1894   2, 30  |               and which for this very reason the Philosopher calls "rational" ~(
1895   2, 30  |            Man has not only universal reason, pertaining to the ~intellectual
1896   2, 30  |          faculty; but also particular reason pertaining to the ~sensitive
1897   2, 30  |             be moved by the universal reason ~also, through the medium
1898   2, 30  |              3]), it follows from the reason, and it belongs to the reason
1899   2, 30  |         reason, and it belongs to the reason to ~proceed to infinity.
1900   2, 30  |                Body Para. 3/3~Another reason may be assigned, according
1901   2, 30  |            Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: The reason is possessed of infinite
1902   2, 30  |              way, is proportionate to reason. In fact the universal which
1903   2, 30  |              the universal which the ~reason apprehends, is infinite
1904   2, 31  |            appetite by its object, by reason of which ~delight is a kind
1905   2, 31  |              by itself; ~secondly, by reason of something else, and accidentally
1906   2, 31  |               said to be in time, by ~reason of something else and not
1907   2, 31  |             not be in time, either by reason ~of itself or accidentally.~
1908   2, 31  |            seems that there is ~equal reason for distinguishing gladness,
1909   2, 31  |            natural, but consequent to reason, as stated above ~(Q[30],
1910   2, 31  |              we desire as a result of reason. But we do not ~speak of
1911   2, 31  |           except when delight follows reason; and so we do not ascribe ~
1912   2, 31  |       rejoicing thereat according to ~reason. And accordingly delight
1913   2, 31  |              the ~apprehension of the reason. Now on the reason apprehending
1914   2, 31  |             of the reason. Now on the reason apprehending something,
1915   2, 31  |             tempered and checked, by ~reason of their vehemence: whereas
1916   2, 31  |          spiritual pleasures, save by reason of a certain reaction of
1917   2, 31  |        Wherefore bodily pleasures, by reason of their succeeding griefs ~
1918   2, 31  |           Para. 1/1 ~Reply OBJ 1: The reason why more seek bodily pleasures
1919   2, 31  |         faculty ~which is governed by reason: wherefore they need to
1920   2, 31  |              tempered and ~checked by reason. But spiritual pleasures
1921   2, 31  |            sensible pleasure by which reason of ~knowledge, it is evident
1922   2, 31  |        sensible pleasure ~which is by reason of usefulness, then the
1923   2, 31  |         related to the ~end. For this reason, too, other animals which
1924   2, 31  |            sensible ~pleasure save by reason of usefulness, derive no
1925   2, 31  |             inasmuch as intellect and reason is the principal ~part of
1926   2, 31  |              to man in respect of his reason: ~for instance, it is natural
1927   2, 31  |             taken ~as contrasted with reason, and as denoting that which
1928   2, 31  |              man which does not obey ~reason. And in this sense, that
1929   2, 31  |             man, ~either in regard to reason, or in regard to the preservation
1930   2, 31  |             some one thing - i.e. the reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[31] A[
1931   2, 32  |           upon a thing as our own, by reason of the natural love we have
1932   2, 32  |              is changeable: for which reason that ~which is suitable
1933   2, 32  |              sorrow and pain, so much reason has ~he to rejoice. Hence
1934   2, 32  |               of pleasant things, ~by reason of these being lost, may
1935   2, 32  |          pleasure to us, for the same reason all ~goods belonging to
1936   2, 32  |            our own good: and for this reason men take ~pleasure in being
1937   2, 32  |       reckoned as one's own good, by ~reason of the power of love, which
1938   2, 32  |           inclination ~to do good, by reason of which doing good becomes
1939   2, 32  |         connatural to him: for ~which reason the liberal man takes pleasure
1940   2, 32  |               own excellence. Another reason is that by ruling and presiding,
1941   2, 32  |          sense and movement. For this reason also young people are ~most
1942   2, 32  |             desires to have. For this reason whatever is ~wonderful is
1943   2, 32  |             and connatural act of the reason, as the Philosopher says (
1944   2, 33  |           pleasure hinders the use of reason?~(4) Whether pleasure perfects
1945   2, 33  |        expansion pertains to love by ~reason of a certain spreading out,
1946   2, 33  |       pleasures become distasteful by reason of their causing an excess ~
1947   2, 33  |           pleasure hinders the use of reason?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[33] A[
1948   2, 33  |            does not hinder the use of reason. ~Because repose facilitates
1949   2, 33  |              very much the due use of reason: wherefore the ~Philosopher
1950   2, 33  |              than hinders the ~use of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[33] A[
1951   2, 33  |             faculty, while the use of reason is in the apprehensive power.
1952   2, 33  |            does not hinder the use of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[33] A[
1953   2, 33  |            does not hinder the use of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[33] A[
1954   2, 33  |              taken in the very act of reason, as when one takes pleasure
1955   2, 33  |           does not hinder the act ~of reason, but helps it; because we
1956   2, 33  |           pleasures hinder the use of reason in three ~ways. First, by
1957   2, 33  |             First, by distracting the reason. Because, as we have just ~
1958   2, 33  |           entirely hinders the use of reason, by ~concentrating the mind'
1959   2, 33  |        Secondly, by being contrary to reason. Because some ~pleasures,
1960   2, 33  |             contrary to the order ~of reason: and in this sense the Philosopher
1961   2, 33  |             Thirdly, by fettering the reason: in ~so far as bodily pleasure
1962   2, 33  |        disturbances hinder the use of reason; as ~may be seen in the
1963   2, 33  |         drunkards, in whom the use of reason is ~fettered or hindered.~
1964   2, 33  |              is sometimes contrary to reason; but ~on the part of the
1965   2, 33  |         points, it hinders the use of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[33] A[
1966   2, 33  |               Reply OBJ 3: The use of reason requires the due use of
1967   2, 33  |               body hinders the use of reason, ~because it hinders the
1968   2, 33  |       operation depends on the use of reason. But pleasure hinders the ~
1969   2, 33  |          pleasure hinders the ~use of reason, as stated above (A[3]).
1970   2, 33  |               that hinders the act of reason, ~but only bodily pleasure;
1971   2, 33  |           arises, not from the act of reason, ~but from the act of the
1972   2, 33  |               arises from the act of ~reason, strengthens the use of
1973   2, 33  |                strengthens the use of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[33] A[
1974   2, 34  |       prudence and hinders the use of reason, seems to be evil in ~itself:
1975   2, 34  |              is to be "in accord with reason," as Dionysius ~says (Div.
1976   2, 34  |               and hinders the use ~of reason; and so much the more, as
1977   2, 34  |             all pleasure is evil. The reason seems to have been that
1978   2, 34  |        wherefore we assign a twofold ~reason for this assertion. The
1979   2, 34  |        agreement or disagreement with reason, as stated above (Q[18],
1980   2, 34  |               which is in accord with reason; ~and an evil pleasure,
1981   2, 34  |             which is ~discordant from reason and the law of God.~Aquin.:
1982   2, 34  |             Body Para. 3/3~The second reason can be found by considering
1983   2, 34  |           which result from an act of reason, that hinder the reason
1984   2, 34  |               reason, that hinder the reason or destroy ~prudence, but
1985   2, 34  |              indeed hinder the use of reason, as stated above (Q[33],
1986   2, 34  |               something repugnant ~to reason, which makes the pleasure
1987   2, 34  |             bad; or by fettering the ~reason: thus in conjugal intercourse,
1988   2, 34  |           pleasure be in accord ~with reason, yet it hinders the use
1989   2, 34  |             yet it hinders the use of reason, on account of the ~accompanying
1990   2, 34  |         neither is sleep, whereby the reason is fettered, morally evil, ~
1991   2, 34  |              it be taken according to reason: for reason itself demands
1992   2, 34  |              according to reason: for reason itself demands that the ~
1993   2, 34  |              demands that the ~use of reason be interrupted at times.
1994   2, 34  |        although this fettering of the reason through the pleasure of
1995   2, 34  |           immoderate, and contrary to reason. The fact that children
1996   2, 34  |             it is ~suitable to him by reason of a disposition in which
1997   2, 34  |            depend on accordance with ~reason, and consequently nothing
1998   2, 34  |              which is discordant from reason. Consequently not ~every
1999   2, 34  |              depends on the ~order of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[34] A[
2000   2, 34  |            Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: The reason why pleasure is not sought