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Part, Question
2501 2, 71 | operation. Again, a human ~act is evil through lacking
2502 2, 71 | the substance of a human ~act, and which is the matter,
2503 2, 72 | nothing else than a bad human act, as stated above (Q[71], ~
2504 2, 72 | sin, viz. the voluntary act, and its inordinateness,
2505 2, 72 | intends such and such an act in such and ~such matter;
2506 2, 72 | the inordinateness of the act, is ~referred accidentally
2507 2, 72 | relation of object to the act of the will ~which is at
2508 2, 72 | a pure privation but an act deprived of its due ~order:
2509 2, 72 | since consent in a sinful act ~belongs to the higher reason,
2510 2, 72 | sins there is a spiritual act, viz. the ~act of reason:
2511 2, 72 | spiritual act, viz. the ~act of reason: but the end of
2512 2, 72 | determined, of necessity, to one act, and consequently from one
2513 2, 72 | being ~determined to one act, do not suffice for the
2514 2, 72 | relation to the interior act of the ~will, they have
2515 2, 72 | this that they ~give the act its species. Nevertheless,
2516 2, 72 | sin is an inordinate ~act. Now there should be a threefold
2517 2, 72 | are not external to the act of sin, but are related
2518 2, 72 | Further, just as a virtuous act stands in relation to its
2519 2, 72 | the end of ~the virtuous act. Therefore punishment is
2520 2, 72 | natural species of the sinful act; while the formal difference
2521 2, 72 | in so far as sin is an act. Consequently sins do not ~
2522 2, 72 | things in sin, viz. the act itself ~and its inordinateness,
2523 2, 72 | one the contrary, from the act itself as terminating in
2524 2, 72 | turning to the object of the ~act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[72] A[
2525 2, 72 | circumstance never transfers an act from one species to ~another,
2526 2, 73 | is not ~banished by every act of sin; because venial sin
2527 2, 73 | away from God. ~Yet one act, even of mortal sin, does
2528 2, 73 | virtue's inclination to act, as stated above ~(Q[71],
2529 2, 73 | For the substance of the act, or the affection of ~the
2530 2, 73 | commensuration of the human act in ~accord with the rule
2531 2, 73 | sin. Now the object of an act is its end, ~as stated above (
2532 2, 73 | the matter about which an act is ~concerned, yet it has
2533 2, 73 | Now the ~form of a moral act depends on the end, as was
2534 2, 73 | the cause of a virtuous ~act, so defect in the reason
2535 2, 73 | is compared to the sinful act, as a tree to its ~fruit,
2536 2, 73 | so much so, that if the act be ~altogether involuntary,
2537 2, 73 | cause which renders the act ~involuntary, and such a
2538 2, 73 | of a good or of an evil act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[73] A[
2539 2, 73 | circumstances do specify a moral act, as stated above ~(Q[18],
2540 2, 73 | accident, so the malice of an act is measured, not only according
2541 2, 73 | to ~the species of that act, but also according to a
2542 2, 73 | reason suffices ~to make the act evil. This turning aside
2543 2, 73 | consequent to the ~sinful act. But the issue of an act
2544 2, 73 | act. But the issue of an act does not add to its goodness
2545 2, 73 | directly from the sinful act, although it be neither
2546 2, 73 | connected with the sinful act, ~and if neither foreseen
2547 2, 73 | consequent to the sinful act, although perhaps it be ~
2548 2, 73 | goodness and malice of an act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[73] A[
2549 2, 73 | far only as it renders the act ~more inordinate. Hence
2550 2, 73 | on account of the sinful act being ~specially inconsistent
2551 2, 74 | the sin of consent in the act of sin is subjected in the ~
2552 2, 74 | I answer that, Sin is an act, as stated above (Q[71],
2553 2, 74 | that "movement ~is the act of the thing moved, caused
2554 2, 74 | is the principle of the act. Now since it is ~proper
2555 2, 74 | every sin is a voluntary act, because, as Augustine ~
2556 2, 74 | principle of ~a voluntary act is a subject of sin. Now
2557 2, 74 | evil moral habits, because act and habit belong to the
2558 2, 74 | agents, because ~they both act and are acted upon, as is
2559 2, 74 | found in any power ~whose act can be voluntary and inordinate,
2560 2, 74 | Now it is evident that the act of the sensuality, or sensitive ~
2561 2, 74 | is not perfectly a human act; and consequently it ~cannot
2562 2, 74 | it ~cannot be a perfect act of virtue or of sin, but
2563 2, 74 | sensuality. Because ~an act is discerned by its object.
2564 2, 74 | pleasures. ~Therefore the act of the sensuality can be
2565 2, 74 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: The act of the sensuality can concur
2566 2, 74 | due, not to its being an act of ~the sensuality, but
2567 2, 74 | sensuality, but to its being an act of reason, to whom the ordering ~
2568 2, 74 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: An act of virtue is perfected not
2569 2, 74 | not only in that it is an act ~of the sensuality, but
2570 2, 74 | the fact of its being an act of ~reason and will, whose
2571 2, 74 | it is to choose: for the act of moral ~virtue is not
2572 2, 74 | of choice: wherefore the act of moral ~virtue, which
2573 2, 74 | always accompanied by an ~act of prudence, which perfects
2574 2, 74 | The sin of any power is an act of that power, as we have ~
2575 2, 74 | Now reason has a twofold act: one is its ~proper act
2576 2, 74 | act: one is its ~proper act in respect of its proper
2577 2, 74 | object, and this is the act of ~knowing the truth; the
2578 2, 74 | truth; the other is the act of reason as directing the
2579 2, 74 | the defect in the proper act of the ~reason in respect
2580 2, 74 | which belongs only to the act of directing the other ~
2581 2, 74 | defect by means of its proper act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[74] A[
2582 2, 74 | called rational, and the act of the ~reason, voluntary.
2583 2, 74 | principle of the will's act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[74] A[
2584 2, 74 | shows to which power an act belongs, since it ~is through
2585 2, 74 | since it ~is through the act that the power is directed
2586 2, 74 | time is no ~reason why an act should belong to a particular
2587 2, 74 | respect of reason's proper act, but sometimes in respect
2588 2, 74 | has its proper elicited act about its proper object; ~
2589 2, 74 | the sin of consent to the act is in the higher reason?~
2590 2, 74 | the sin of consent to the act is not in the ~higher reason.
2591 2, 74 | reason. For consent is an act of the appetitive power,
2592 2, 74 | the sin of consent to the act is not in the higher reason.~
2593 2, 74 | consent is ~given to an act, without consulting the
2594 2, 74 | whenever he consents to an act. ~Therefore the sin of consent
2595 2, 74 | the sin of consent to the act is not always in the higher ~
2596 2, 74 | the consent to a sinful act should also be sometimes ~
2597 2, 74 | sometimes man proceeds to act through ~the apprehension
2598 2, 74 | may consent to a sinful act, ~independently of the higher
2599 2, 74 | Reply OBJ 1: Consent is an act of the appetitive power,
2600 2, 74 | but in consequence of an act of reason deliberating and
2601 2, 74 | fails to direct the human act according to the Divine
2602 2, 74 | the consent to a sinful act always proceeds ~from the
2603 2, 74 | wherefore it can cause an act before the higher or lower ~
2604 2, 74 | does not check the ~sinful act, this will deservedly by
2605 2, 74 | delectation consequent to the act ~of inward thought, differs
2606 2, 74 | 4: Further, the external act of fornication or adultery
2607 2, 74 | found also in the ~marriage act, but by reason of an inordinateness
2608 2, 74 | an inordinateness in the act itself. Now ~he that consents
2609 2, 74 | the inordinateness of the act. Therefore he seems not
2610 2, 74 | fornication takes pleasure in the act ~thought of, is due to his
2611 2, 74 | desire being inclined to this act. Wherefore ~the fact that
2612 2, 74 | But ~delectation in the act itself of fornication is,
2613 2, 74 | the incompleteness of the act: which ~incompleteness ceases
2614 2, 74 | delectation which has an external act for its object, ~cannot
2615 2, 74 | complacency in the external act as such, even though ~there
2616 2, 74 | authority: wherefore the act is inordinate, and consequently
2617 2, 74 | from complacency in ~an act of murder thought of, is
2618 2, 74 | as consenting to a sinful act. ~For Augustine says (De
2619 2, 74 | contrary, Consent to a sinful act belongs to the higher reason, ~
2620 2, 74 | A[7]). But consent to an act of venial sin is itself
2621 2, 74 | types, it consents to an act or ~dissents from it. Now
2622 2, 74 | the inordinateness of the act to ~which it consents, is
2623 2, 74 | is beside that law, as an act of venial sin is. Therefore
2624 2, 74 | reason consents to the act of a venial sin, it does
2625 2, 74 | the eternal law. For the act of a power is not ~found
2626 2, 74 | power, there can be ~no act of reason without deliberation.
2627 2, 74 | an inordinate pleasurable act, considers that it is ~contrary
2628 2, 74 | object it has a twofold act, viz. simple ~"intuition,"
2629 2, 74 | reason, as ~well as the act of deliberation: even as
2630 2, 75 | A sin is an inordinate act. Accordingly, so far as
2631 2, 75 | Accordingly, so far as it is ~an act, it can have a direct cause,
2632 2, 75 | cause, even as any other act; but, so far as ~it is inordinate,
2633 2, 75 | and on the part of the act, a direct ~efficient cause,
2634 2, 75 | result ~of the cause of the act. Accordingly then, the will
2635 2, 75 | mutable ~good, causes the act of sin directly, and the
2636 2, 75 | the inordinateness of the act, ~indirectly, and beside
2637 2, 75 | the lack of order in the act ~results from the lack of
2638 2, 75 | inordinateness, but also the act which is the subject of
2639 2, 75 | before it is applied ~to the act. Wherefore accordingly,
2640 2, 75 | considered on the part of the act. Now we may distinguish
2641 2, 75 | internal cause of the human act is the reason and will,
2642 2, 75 | of the voluntary sinful act ~appertains to the will,
2643 2, 75 | to the will, so that the act of the will, given the conditions ~
2644 2, 75 | within it, as the internal act of the ~appetitive or apprehensive
2645 2, 75 | that the will ~produces the act of sin. Since therefore
2646 2, 75 | consists principally in the act of the will; ~but some precede
2647 2, 75 | as a power produces its act, is ~natural; and again,
2648 2, 75 | For sin is a ~voluntary act. Now voluntary acts belong
2649 2, 75 | less is a man's inordinate act imputed to him as a sin.
2650 2, 75 | as completing the sinful act, and the reason, as lacking
2651 2, 75 | they incline to the sinful act in ~both greater numbers
2652 2, 75 | since this depends on the act being voluntary and in ~
2653 2, 75 | cause on the part of the act of ~sin, it is possible
2654 2, 75 | the same ~way as one human act is the cause of another.
2655 2, 75 | when man, by one sinful act, loses ~grace, or charity,
2656 2, 75 | as when, by one sinful act, man ~is disposed to commit
2657 2, 75 | more readily another like act: because acts cause ~dispositions
2658 2, 75 | another: because in the act of fornication ~committed
2659 2, 75 | but, in so far as it is an act, it has some good, at least ~
2660 2, 75 | its end: so that, as an act, but not as being inordinate, ~
2661 2, 75 | inordinateness. Nevertheless, as an act ~it can have natural perfection:
2662 2, 76 | be the cause of a sinful act; because it is a privation
2663 2, 76 | reason that forbids the act of sin, in so far as it ~
2664 2, 76 | conclusion of which ~is an act of judgment, or of choice,
2665 2, 76 | man is restrained from an act of parricide, by the ~knowledge
2666 2, 76 | circumstance, could cause an act of parricide. Hence it is
2667 2, 76 | would prevent the sinful act. Consequently if ~a man'
2668 2, 76 | not be restrained from the act ~of parricide, even though
2669 2, 76 | one knows that a certain act is ~pleasurable, but not
2670 2, 76 | ignorance does not denote an act, either internal or external.
2671 2, 76 | sin will consist in the act itself of the will, rather ~
2672 2, 76 | to guilt, yet remain in act. Now ~ignorance is not removed
2673 2, 76 | repentance, but remains in act, all its guilt ~being removed
2674 2, 76 | unable to accomplish a due act rightly. Wherefore all are ~
2675 2, 76 | consists not ~only in the act of the will, but also in
2676 2, 76 | the will, but also in the act willed, which is ~commanded
2677 2, 76 | of omission not only the act of the ~will is a sin, but
2678 2, 76 | very nature, renders the act which it ~causes involuntary.
2679 2, 76 | ignorance is said to cause the act which the contrary knowledge
2680 2, 76 | prevented; so that this act, if knowledge were to hand,
2681 2, 76 | not have ~prevented the act, on account of the inclination
2682 2, 76 | the ~cause of the sinful act, as already stated, since
2683 2, 76 | since it does not make the ~act to be involuntary, does
2684 2, 76 | or accompanies the sinful act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[76] A[
2685 2, 76 | which is the cause of the act, since it ~makes it to be
2686 2, 76 | him to be ~aware that the act is sinful; for instance,
2687 2, 76 | affect the ~sinfulness of the act). Wherefore, though this
2688 2, 76 | seems rather to ~make the act more voluntary and more
2689 2, 77 | one power is intent in its act, another power becomes remiss,
2690 2, 77 | altogether impeded, in its act, both because all energy
2691 2, 77 | proposition, "This is an act of fornication." Therefore
2692 2, 77 | however, shows that many act contrary to the knowledge
2693 2, 77 | in particular that this ~act, which is fornication, must
2694 2, 77 | difficult for a man to act counter to what he does
2695 2, 77 | so as not to exercise its act freely; even as sleep or ~
2696 2, 77 | particular negative: because an act is directly opposed, not
2697 2, 77 | not to a ~habit, but to an act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[77] A[
2698 2, 77 | Sin consists chiefly in an act of the will, which is not ~
2699 2, 77 | which respect every sinful act proceeds from inordinate ~
2700 2, 77 | intensity to the sinful act. Therefore passion ~aggravates
2701 2, 77 | consists essentially in an act of the free will, ~which
2702 2, 77 | as preceding the sinful act, it must ~needs diminish
2703 2, 77 | diminish the sin: because the act is a sin in so far as it
2704 2, 77 | will towards the sinful act; and so it ~is true that
2705 2, 77 | For ~whatever causes an act to be involuntary, excuses
2706 2, 77 | which is a passion, makes an act to be ~involuntary, according
2707 2, 77 | Para. 1/2~I answer that, An act which, in its genus, is
2708 2, 77 | it renders the subsequent act ~wholly involuntary, it
2709 2, 77 | from the beginning, the act is reckoned a sin, ~because
2710 2, 77 | of the use of reason, his act is rendered wholly ~involuntary,
2711 2, 77 | with the incontinent, who act counter to their ~resolution
2712 2, 77 | applied to ~a particular act, which passion the reason
2713 2, 77 | from passion to a sinful act, or to a deliberate consent,
2714 2, 77 | does not always hinder the act of reason ~altogether: consequently
2715 2, 78 | in sinning, because an act is not denominated from
2716 2, 78 | cause: ~for the interior act is the cause of the exterior
2717 2, 78 | the cause of the exterior act, and one sin is the ~cause
2718 2, 78 | break forth into a virtuous act, because a ~bad habit does
2719 2, 78 | consists chiefly in an act of the will, it follows
2720 2, 79 | of sin?~(2) Whether the act of sin is from God?~(3)
2721 2, 79 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the act of sin is from God?~Aquin.:
2722 2, 79 | It would seem that the act of sin is not from God.
2723 2, 79 | Perfect. Justit. ii) that "the act of sin is not a thing."
2724 2, 79 | is a thing. Therefore the act of sin is not from God.~
2725 2, 79 | the cause of the sinful act: for "no one works, intending
2726 2, 79 | is not the cause of the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2727 2, 79 | therefore God ~caused the act of sin, He would be the
2728 2, 79 | is not the cause of the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2729 2, 79 | 1/1~On the contrary, The act of sin is a movement of
2730 2, 79 | will is the cause of the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2731 2, 79 | 1/1~I answer that, The act of sin is both a being and
2732 2, 79 | sin is both a being and an act; and in both ~respects it
2733 2, 79 | by something existing in act, since ~nothing produces
2734 2, 79 | save in so far as it is in act; and every ~being in act
2735 2, 79 | act; and every ~being in act is reduced to the First
2736 2, 79 | is reduced to the First Act, viz. God, as to its cause,
2737 2, 79 | as to its cause, Who ~is act by His Essence. Therefore
2738 2, 79 | God is the cause of the act of ~sin: and yet He is not
2739 2, 79 | because He does not cause the ~act to have a defect.~Aquin.:
2740 2, 79 | substance; for in this sense the act ~of sin is not a thing.~
2741 2, 79 | Reply OBJ 2: Not only the act, but also the defect, is
2742 2, 79 | God is the cause of the act, in such a ~way, that nowise
2743 2, 79 | defect accompanying the act, so ~that He is not the
2744 2, 79 | belongs to the species ~of the act consequently, and not as
2745 2, 79 | darkened, since it does not act of its own accord in ~failing
2746 2, 80 | consists directly in an act of the appetite. Now ~Augustine
2747 2, 80 | action's proper principle ~to act. Now the proper principle
2748 2, 80 | which can move the will to act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[80] A[
2749 2, 80 | can compel anyone to do an act which, in its genus, is
2750 2, 81 | generation, which is an act ~proper to nature, by helping
2751 2, 82 | Further, in wickedness act always precedes habit, because
2752 2, 82 | sin is not preceded by ~an act. Therefore original sin
2753 2, 82 | though they have not the act. ~Now aptitude denotes some
2754 2, 82 | power is inclined to an act: thus ~science and virtue
2755 2, 82 | an inordinateness of an act: whereas original ~sin,
2756 2, 82 | inordinate disposition of an act ~is not: and for this reason
2757 2, 82 | inclines a power ~to an act: but original sin is not
2758 2, 82 | inclination to an inordinate act does follow from original
2759 2, 82 | acquired" (except by the act of our first parent, ~but
2760 2, 82 | parent, ~but not by our own act): but it is a habit "inborn"
2761 2, 82 | since it is the ~proper act of the concupiscible faculty
2762 2, 82 | governed by reason, the act of concupiscence is so far
2763 2, 82 | sin to the child." But the act of generation may be ~more
2764 2, 82 | inordinate lust in the ~act of generation, he would
2765 2, 83 | to that power by whose ~act it was caused. Now original
2766 2, 83 | original sin is caused by an act of the generative ~power.
2767 2, 83 | consider its inclination to act; and in this way it ~regards
2768 2, 83 | of the child, but by the act of the parental generative
2769 2, 83 | the ~order of motion to act, which motion pertains to
2770 2, 83 | sin is ~transmitted by the act of generation, as stated
2771 2, 83 | powers which concur in this act, are chiefly said to be ~
2772 2, 83 | to be ~infected. Now this act serves the generative power,
2773 2, 83 | Sight is not related to the act of generation except in ~
2774 2, 84 | hindered, so as not always to act in the ~same way; so also
2775 2, 84 | that the ~will does not act of necessity. So when we
2776 2, 85 | disorder in a voluntary act, nature is not changed ~
2777 2, 85 | it is ~possible for it to act on one thing, and to be
2778 2, 85 | since to diminish is to act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[85] A[
2779 2, 85 | 4: An accident does not act effectively on its subject,
2780 2, 85 | with reason, which is ~to act virtuously. Now sin cannot
2781 2, 85 | That it is not reduced to ~act is owing to their being
2782 2, 85 | aptitude is not reduced to act, for the lack of a cause
2783 2, 85 | natural, since it is an act ~of the concupiscible power.
2784 2, 85 | consisting in the ordinate act ~itself, which also has
2785 2, 85 | sin, the substance ~of the act, and the aspect of fault.
2786 2, 85 | regards the substance of the act, ~actual sin can cause a
2787 2, 86 | remains in the soul after the act of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2788 2, 86 | else can be ~caused by an act. But it is neither disposition
2789 2, 86 | On the other hand, the act of the will consists in
2790 2, 86 | remains in the soul after the act of sin?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2791 2, 86 | remain in the soul after ~the act of sin. For after an action,
2792 2, 86 | remain in the ~soul after the act of sin.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
2793 2, 86 | remain in the soul when ~the act of sin is past.~Aquin.:
2794 2, 86 | cause of the ~stain is the act of sin. Therefore when the
2795 2, 86 | sin. Therefore when the act of sin is no longer ~there,
2796 2, 86 | in the soul even when the act of ~sin is past. The reason
2797 2, 86 | removed. For although the act of sin ~ceases, whereby
2798 2, 86 | remains in the soul after the act of sin, ~except the disposition
2799 2, 86 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: The act of sin parts man from God,
2800 2, 86 | removed, ~so neither, when the act of sin ceases, is the stain
2801 2, 87 | because sin is an inordinate act, ~it is evident that whoever
2802 2, 87 | accidental to ~the sinner's act, being beside his intention,
2803 2, 87 | of the ~substance of the act, which is such as to cause
2804 2, 87 | whether it be an ~interior act, as is clearly the case
2805 2, 87 | or envy, or an exterior ~act, as is the case with one
2806 2, 87 | order to achieve a sinful act, according to Wis. 5:7: "
2807 2, 87 | not indeed as regards the act, but on the part of the
2808 2, 87 | since every sin is a human act, which cannot be infinite.
2809 2, 87 | substance of ~the sinful act; but they do differ infinitely
2810 2, 87 | considered in sin: the guilty act, and ~the consequent stain.
2811 2, 87 | all actual sins, when the ~act of sin has ceased, the guilt
2812 2, 87 | guilt remains; because the act of sin makes ~man deserving
2813 2, 87 | the sinful or injurious act has ceased there ~still
2814 2, 87 | OBJ 1: Just as after the act of sin has ceased, the stain
2815 2, 87 | only, because the sinful ~act is something personal. But
2816 2, 88 | God, does not therefore act against this ~precept. In
2817 2, 88 | actual reference of the human act to God's glory, and not
2818 2, 88 | the genus or species of an act ~is determined by its object.
2819 2, 88 | venial, by reason of the act being ~imperfect, i.e. not
2820 2, 88 | proper principle ~of an evil act, as we have said above in
2821 2, 88 | the imperfection of the act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2822 2, 88 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, an act disposes to something of
2823 2, 88 | rests on it. Accordingly an act of sin ~disposes to something
2824 2, 88 | thus it disposes ~to an act of like species. In this
2825 2, 88 | sin. ~Secondly, a human act disposes to something by
2826 2, 88 | that the same identical act be at ~first a venial, and
2827 2, 88 | because a sin, ~like any moral act, consists chiefly in an
2828 2, 88 | consists chiefly in an act of the will: so that an ~
2829 2, 88 | of the will: so that an ~act is not one morally, if the
2830 2, 88 | be changed, although the act be ~continuous physically.
2831 2, 88 | Disease of the body is not an act, but an abiding ~disposition;
2832 2, 88 | venial sin is a transient act, which cannot be ~taken
2833 2, 88 | circumstance makes a good act ~to be evil, as when a man
2834 2, 88 | cannot exceed that of the act itself, derived from the
2835 2, 88 | itself, derived from the act's genus, ~because the subject
2836 2, 88 | accident. If, therefore, an act be ~venial by reason of
2837 2, 88 | an accident of the moral act: and yet a circumstance
2838 2, 88 | specific difference of a moral act, and then it loses its ~
2839 2, 88 | the species of the moral act. ~This happens in sins when
2840 2, 88 | wife, the ~deformity of his act is opposed to chastity;
2841 2, 88 | difference of the moral act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[88] A[
2842 2, 88 | the repeated or prolonged act to change its species, e.g. ~
2843 2, 88 | the imperfection of the act, in so far as ~it is a sudden
2844 2, 88 | through imperfection of ~the act, as we have said with regard
2845 2, 88 | circumstance does not make a good act to be evil, unless ~it constitute
2846 2, 88 | from mortal sin. But an act which is evil in ~itself,
2847 2, 88 | to kill a man may be an act of justice, as ~when a judge
2848 2, 88 | the imperfection of the act, because then it does not ~
2849 2, 88 | the conditions of a moral act, since it is not a ~deliberate,
2850 2, 88 | deliberate, but a sudden act, as is evident from what
2851 2, 88 | reason. And since a moral act takes its species from deliberate
2852 2, 88 | subtraction the species of the act is ~destroyed.~Aquin.: SMT
2853 2, 89 | the ~inordinateness of the act and of the sinner's affections.
2854 2, 89 | an inordinateness of the act and of the affections. ~
2855 2, 89 | the inordinateness of the act destroys the ~habit of virtue,
2856 2, 89 | the imperfection of the act, as in the case of sudden
2857 2, 89 | that the execution of the act of ~reason is not subject
2858 2, 89 | reason is not subject to the act of deliberation which proceeds
2859 2, 89 | downfall into the ~outward act of sin. This vainglory was
2860 2, 89 | has not. Therefore every act of concupiscence in an unbeliever,
2861 2, 90 | else but power, habit, ~and act. But law is not the power
2862 2, 90 | 57]). Nor again is ~it an act of reason: because then
2863 2, 90 | law would cease, when the act of reason ~ceases, for instance,
2864 2, 90 | who are subject to it to act aright. ~But it belongs
2865 2, 90 | properly to the will to move to act, as is evident from ~what
2866 2, 90 | whereby man is induced ~to act or is restrained from acting:
2867 2, 90 | because it binds one to act. Now the rule and measure ~
2868 2, 90 | reason, we may consider the act itself of reason, i.e. to ~
2869 2, 90 | something produced by this act. With regard ~to the speculative
2870 2, 91 | irrational creatures, ~which act for an end solely by their
2871 2, 91 | inclination to its proper ~act and end: and this participation
2872 2, 91 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Every act of reason and will in us
2873 2, 91 | Q[10], A[1]): for every act of ~reasoning is based on
2874 2, 91 | known naturally, and every act ~of appetite in respect
2875 2, 91 | counsel." Now counsel is an act of reason, as stated ~above (
2876 2, 91 | condition, is that he ~should act in accordance with reason:
2877 2, 92 | in respect of these the ~act of the law is a precept
2878 2, 92 | To advise is not a proper act of law, but may be within ~
2879 2, 93 | subject to man, is done by the act of man himself moving those
2880 2, 93 | according as they fail to act in harmony with that law.
2881 2, 93 | esteem that the righteous act according to ~the eternal
2882 2, 93 | in man the inclination to act in accordance with the eternal
2883 2, 94 | the natural law is not an ~act, but a habit.~Aquin.: SMT
2884 2, 94 | in the damned who cannot act by ~it. Therefore the natural
2885 2, 94 | habit is ~that by which we act, a law cannot be a habit
2886 2, 94 | opposed to some virtuous act. If therefore ~all acts
2887 2, 94 | natural inclination to ~act according to reason: and
2888 2, 94 | to reason: and this is to act according to virtue. ~Consequently,
2889 2, 94 | naturally dictates to him to act ~virtuously. But if we speak
2890 2, 94 | to man to be inclined to act according to reason. Now
2891 2, 94 | right and true for all to act according ~to reason: and
2892 2, 96 | who are under the law may act beside the letter of the ~
2893 2, 96 | further than to one single act. Because the ~decrees than
2894 2, 96 | decrees than to one single act. Because the decrees of
2895 2, 96 | OBJ 2: Further, a virtuous act proceeds from a virtue.
2896 2, 96 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: An act is said to be an act of
2897 2, 96 | An act is said to be an act of virtue in two ways. First, ~
2898 2, 96 | something virtuous; thus the act of justice ~is to do what
2899 2, 96 | do what is right, and an act of fortitude is to do brave
2900 2, 96 | acts of virtue. Secondly an act of ~virtue is when a man
2901 2, 96 | virtuous ~man does it. Such an act always proceeds from virtue:
2902 2, 96 | There is no virtue whose act is not ordainable to the ~
2903 2, 96 | he who is under a law may act beside the letter of the
2904 2, 96 | subject to a law may not act beside the ~letter of the
2905 2, 96 | lawgiver, ~but should always act according to the letter
2906 2, 96 | of doubt, he must either act according to the letter
2907 2, 97 | is possible sometimes to act beside the law; namely, ~
2908 2, 97 | where the law fails; yet the act will not be evil. And when ~
2909 2, 99 | But Divine worship is the act of a virtue, viz. ~religion,
2910 2, 99 | worship God, since ~it is an act of virtue, belongs to a
2911 2, 99 | judgment seems to be an act of justice, according to
2912 2, 99 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: The act of justice, in general,
2913 2, 99 | to some special kind of act belongs to ~the judicial
2914 2, 99 | precepts belong ~to the act of justice, which is between
2915 2, 99 | precepts belong to the act of religion, whereby God
2916 2, 100 | virtues, for the proper act of justice consists in rendering
2917 2, 100 | greater ~sin for a soldier to act treacherously and make a
2918 2, 100 | belongs to a virtuous man to act virtuously. Therefore the
2919 2, 100 | the contrary, No man can act as a virtuous man acts unless
2920 2, 100 | first is that man should act "knowingly": and this is
2921 2, 100 | point is that a man should act "deliberately," i.e. "from ~
2922 2, 100 | point is that he should "act from a firm and immovable ~
2923 2, 100 | disposing to ~virtue, viz. an act of virtue. For the end of
2924 2, 100 | in ~Ethic. ii, 3. For an act may give pleasure either
2925 2, 100 | precept that binds one to act from charity, and is binding
2926 2, 100 | certain point. Because the act of ~charity can be considered
2927 2, 100 | in two ways. First, as an act by itself: and ~thus it
2928 2, 100 | precept which regards the act of charity; ~since man can
2929 2, 100 | can use it. Secondly, the act of charity can be considered
2930 2, 100 | is a formal mode of the act ~ordained to that end. In
2931 2, 100 | the precept concerning the act of ~charity, for which reason
2932 2, 100 | so far as the generative act conduces to the ~common
2933 2, 100 | addition thereto. As to ~the act of fortitude there are the
2934 2, 100 | in the habit or as in the act: so that ~accordingly justification
2935 2, 102 | from the very nature of the act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[102] A[
2936 2, 102 | But it seems ~to be an act of piety to assist at the
2937 2, 102 | manner it is ~sometimes an act of piety to marry a loose
2938 2, 105 | citizenship on account of some act of virtue: thus it is related (
2939 2, 107 | refer only to the exterior act: wherefore Our Lord fulfilled
2940 2, 107 | virtue solves: because to act thus is ~difficult for a
2941 2, 108 | to nature, man would not ~act according to his nature,
2942 2, 108 | on us and inclining us to act aright, it makes us do ~
2943 2, 108 | 1/1~OBJ 6: Further, no act of virtue should be the
2944 2, 108 | prohibition. ~Now judgment is an act of justice, according to
2945 2, 108 | murder covered the external act only, and ~not the internal
2946 2, 109 | To know truth is a use or act of intellectual light, ~
2947 2, 109 | it cannot proceed to its act unless it be moved by God;
2948 2, 109 | from Him as from the First Act. And thus the act of the
2949 2, 109 | First Act. And thus the act of the intellect or of ~
2950 2, 109 | as it is moved by Him to act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[109] A[
2951 2, 109 | power for a ~determined act, which it can bring about
2952 2, 109 | may be moved by God to its act. But ~he does not need a
2953 2, 109 | moves the understanding to act; for actually to understand
2954 2, 109 | think or wish or ~love or act."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[109]
2955 2, 109 | that he may be moved to act well.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[109]
2956 2, 109 | not so much master of its act that it does not need to
2957 2, 109 | the ~proper and principal act of charity. Now man cannot
2958 2, 109 | loved) since "all things act according as they are naturally
2959 2, 109 | virtue ~adds to the good act which is done merely by
2960 2, 109 | nature cannot rise to an act exceeding the ~proportion
2961 2, 109 | all things is not such ~an act; for it is natural to every
2962 2, 109 | regards the substance of the act, but also as regards the ~
2963 2, 109 | proportioned to the end. ~But no act exceeds the proportion of
2964 2, 109 | return by itself to the act ~befitting its nature, as
2965 2, 109 | movement. Now a sin is an act against nature, as is clear
2966 2, 109 | sin is transient as to the act and abiding in its ~guilt,
2967 2, 109 | the same as ~to cease the act of sin; but to rise from
2968 2, 109 | that which pertains to the act of ~free-will, as this act
2969 2, 109 | act of ~free-will, as this act is required in order that
2970 2, 109 | undone by reason of the act of sin, remains no longer
2971 2, 109 | can avoid each but every act of sin, except by grace, ~
2972 2, 109 | order to ~be moved by God to act.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[109] A[
2973 2, 109 | order to be moved by God to act ~righteously, and this for
2974 2, 109 | thing can put forth any act, unless by virtue of the
2975 2, 110 | accustomed to say: I do you this act of grace. ~Thirdly, it is
2976 2, 110 | subject would necessarily act ~upon itself. But grace
2977 2, 110 | soul; for "motion is the act of the ~mover in the moved."
2978 2, 110 | as a quality, is said to act upon the soul, not ~after
2979 2, 110 | begins or ~ceases to be in act with this accident. And
2980 2, 110 | inasmuch as it empowers us to act rightly. ~And the Master
2981 2, 110 | charity" grace, ~since the act of faith of him that worketh
2982 2, 110 | by charity is the first act by ~which sanctifying grace
2983 2, 110 | the powers are ~moved to act, flow into the powers of
2984 2, 111 | 2]). Now no accident can act upon its subject. Therefore
2985 2, 111 | moves us to will and to act; ~secondly, as a habitual
2986 2, 111 | Now there is a double act in us. First, there is the ~
2987 2, 111 | there is the ~interior act of the will, and with regard
2988 2, 111 | and with regard to this act the will is a thing ~moved,
2989 2, 111 | the ~human mind to this act, we speak of operating grace.
2990 2, 111 | there is ~another, exterior act; and since it is commanded
2991 2, 111 | the operation of this act is attributed to the ~will.
2992 2, 111 | because God assists us in this act, both by strengthening our ~
2993 2, 111 | interiorly so as to attain to the act, and by granting outwardly
2994 2, 111 | accidental quality, it does ~not act upon the soul efficiently,
2995 2, 111 | greater power that is able to act upon another, ~than that
2996 2, 112 | of the ~recipient, by an act of free-will?~(3) Whether
2997 2, 112 | answer that, Nothing can act beyond its species, since
2998 2, 112 | disciples of the Lord" (Act ~9:1). Hence no preparation
2999 2, 112 | the gift of grace is an act of the free-will moved by
3000 2, 112 | to God by a ~meritorious act of their free-will, already "
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