Part, Question

   1   1, 1   |            whoever has the habit of a virtue judges rightly of what ~
   2   1, 1   |        rightly of what ~concerns that virtue by his very inclination
   3   1, 1   |                though he had not the ~virtue. The first manner of judging
   4   1, 3   |             other things. But wisdom, virtue, and the like, which are ~
   5   1, 3   |              1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Virtue and wisdom are not predicated
   6   1, 4   |       self-subsisting, nothing of the virtue of heat would be wanting
   7   1, 5   |           example, as to knowledge or virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[5] A[2]
   8   1, 5   |                because he ~lacks some virtue; and an eye is said to be
   9   1, 5   |               hurtful and contrary to virtue. Whereas the useful applies
  10   1, 16  |               in the ~animal: for the virtue of medicine, and not its
  11   1, 16  |        Further, truth is a species of virtue, as is clear from Ethic. ~
  12   1, 16  |            clear from Ethic. ~iv. But virtue is included under good;
  13   1, 16  |            Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: The virtue which is called "truth"
  14   1, 16  |             things are called true in virtue of the truth ~residing in
  15   1, 18  |           within the operator, and in virtue of which the operator produces
  16   1, 18  |    self-indulgence, ~others a life of virtue. In this way the contemplative
  17   1, 18  |               instrument that acts by virtue not of its own form, but
  18   1, 21  |            Ethic. iv, 7), truth is a ~virtue distinct from justice. Truth
  19   1, 21  |             in this ~passage, is that virtue whereby a man shows himself
  20   1, 22  |           things ~in applying art and virtue to his own use. Hence human
  21   1, 23  |           malice, nor does He ~compel virtue." Whence predestination
  22   1, 25  |           charity is a more excellent virtue than virginity. But ~God
  23   1, 26  |            happiness is the reward of virtue, ~according to the Philosopher (
  24   1, 26  |        happiness to be ~the reward of virtue, so far as anyone attains
  25   1, 39  |            has a real ~distinction by virtue of that opposition. Thus
  26   1, 39  |                This man is of perfect virtue." In like manner, as ~in
  27   1, 39  |              the form, as we say "the virtue of ~Peter." On the other
  28   1, 39  |               say, "Peter is of great virtue [magnae ~virtutis]," or
  29   1, 39  |            words, "strength ~[*Douay: virtue] came out from Him and healed
  30   1, 41  |              in his human ~nature, in virtue of which the father has
  31   1, 42  |            There is also quantity of "virtue," ~which is measured according
  32   1, 43  |               2: Further, progress in virtue is only by grace. But the
  33   1, 43  |              according to progress in virtue; because progress in ~virtue
  34   1, 43  |          virtue; because progress in ~virtue is continuous, since charity
  35   1, 43  |               as regards progress ~in virtue or increase of grace. Hence
  36   1, 45  |            qualities in nature act by virtue of substantial ~forms: and
  37   1, 48  |                as a privation, but by virtue of ~the good annexed to
  38   1, 48  |             is it desired, ~except by virtue of some good joined to it:
  39   1, 48  |         occasion for ~the exercise of virtue," as is said in a gloss
  40   1, 59  |            Reply OBJ 3: Charity, as a virtue, is not in the concupiscible
  41   1, 59  |             sensible order, which the virtue of hope does not regard;
  42   1, 59  |                considered as ~a human virtue, deals with the desires
  43   1, 59  |               so far as it is a human virtue, resides in the ~concupiscible
  44   1, 60  |             rectitude of charity and ~virtue: because the one rectitude
  45   1, 62  |             end, and is the reward of virtue, as even the ~Philosopher
  46   1, 62  |            acquire such joy from the ~virtue of their beatitude, rather
  47   1, 63  |            rule of which is the very ~virtue of the agent, can never
  48   1, 63  |          which he could attain by the virtue of his own nature, turning ~
  49   1, 67  |                instrumental cause, by virtue of the substantial form,
  50   1, 67  |               act ~instrumentally, by virtue of the heavenly bodies,
  51   1, 70  |             instrument, which acts in virtue of the agent: and therefore ~
  52   1, 70  |              body can impart life ~in virtue of that agent.~Aquin.: SMT
  53   1, 75  |              subject to science, and ~virtue; and it changes from ignorance
  54   1, 75  |           knowledge and from vice to ~virtue. Therefore matter is in
  55   1, 75  |               either it is a form ~by virtue of itself, in its entirety,
  56   1, 75  |                in its entirety, or by virtue of some part of ~itself.
  57   1, 75  |           some part of ~itself. If by virtue of itself in its entirety,
  58   1, 75  |             however, it be a ~form by virtue of a part of itself, then
  59   1, 75  |           what belongs to a ~thing by virtue of itself is inseparable
  60   1, 75  |             form, which is an act, by virtue of itself. Wherefore matter ~
  61   1, 75  |             operation of ~the soul by virtue of its union with the body.
  62   1, 76  |              a power of the body. But virtue or ~power cannot be more
  63   1, 76  |             to move or act, either by virtue of its whole self, for instance,
  64   1, 76  |              a physician heals; or by virtue of a part, as a man sees
  65   1, 76  |               Socrates understands by virtue of his whole self, as Plato
  66   1, 76  |               the ~form of another by virtue of itself as a whole. But
  67   1, 76  |               But if it is a form by ~virtue of some part of itself,
  68   1, 76  |             the intellectual soul, by virtue of its ~very being, is united
  69   1, 76  |              virtual contact. But the virtue of the soul is its power.
  70   1, 76  |            united thereto by power or virtue. But the intellectual ~soul
  71   1, 76  |             the body by its power and virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[76] A[
  72   1, 76  |               matter and ~form, is by virtue of the form itself, which
  73   1, 77  |             essence distinct from the virtue or power.~Aquin.: SMT FP
  74   1, 77  |          above all ~others it has one virtue or power.~Aquin.: SMT FP
  75   1, 39  |            has a real ~distinction by virtue of that opposition. Thus
  76   1, 39  |                This man is of perfect virtue." In like manner, as ~in
  77   1, 39  |              the form, as we say "the virtue of ~Peter." On the other
  78   1, 39  |               say, "Peter is of great virtue [magnae ~virtutis]," or
  79   1, 39  |            words, "strength ~[*Douay: virtue] came out from Him and healed
  80   1, 41  |              in his human ~nature, in virtue of which the father has
  81   1, 42  |            There is also quantity of "virtue," ~which is measured according
  82   1, 43  |               2: Further, progress in virtue is only by grace. But the
  83   1, 43  |              according to progress in virtue; because progress in ~virtue
  84   1, 43  |          virtue; because progress in ~virtue is continuous, since charity
  85   1, 43  |               as regards progress ~in virtue or increase of grace. Hence
  86   1, 46  |            qualities in nature act by virtue of substantial ~forms: and
  87   1, 49  |                as a privation, but by virtue of ~the good annexed to
  88   1, 49  |             is it desired, ~except by virtue of some good joined to it:
  89   1, 49  |         occasion for ~the exercise of virtue," as is said in a gloss
  90   1, 60  |            Reply OBJ 3: Charity, as a virtue, is not in the concupiscible
  91   1, 60  |             sensible order, which the virtue of hope does not regard;
  92   1, 60  |                considered as ~a human virtue, deals with the desires
  93   1, 60  |               so far as it is a human virtue, resides in the ~concupiscible
  94   1, 61  |             rectitude of charity and ~virtue: because the one rectitude
  95   1, 63  |             end, and is the reward of virtue, as even the ~Philosopher
  96   1, 63  |            acquire such joy from the ~virtue of their beatitude, rather
  97   1, 64  |            rule of which is the very ~virtue of the agent, can never
  98   1, 64  |          which he could attain by the virtue of his own nature, turning ~
  99   1, 68  |                instrumental cause, by virtue of the substantial form,
 100   1, 68  |               act ~instrumentally, by virtue of the heavenly bodies,
 101   1, 71  |             instrument, which acts in virtue of the agent: and therefore ~
 102   1, 71  |              body can impart life ~in virtue of that agent.~Aquin.: SMT
 103   1, 74  |              subject to science, and ~virtue; and it changes from ignorance
 104   1, 74  |           knowledge and from vice to ~virtue. Therefore matter is in
 105   1, 74  |               either it is a form ~by virtue of itself, in its entirety,
 106   1, 74  |                in its entirety, or by virtue of some part of ~itself.
 107   1, 74  |           some part of ~itself. If by virtue of itself in its entirety,
 108   1, 74  |             however, it be a ~form by virtue of a part of itself, then
 109   1, 74  |           what belongs to a ~thing by virtue of itself is inseparable
 110   1, 74  |             form, which is an act, by virtue of itself. Wherefore matter ~
 111   1, 74  |             operation of ~the soul by virtue of its union with the body.
 112   1, 75  |              a power of the body. But virtue or ~power cannot be more
 113   1, 75  |             to move or act, either by virtue of its whole self, for instance,
 114   1, 75  |              a physician heals; or by virtue of a part, as a man sees
 115   1, 75  |               Socrates understands by virtue of his whole self, as Plato
 116   1, 75  |               the ~form of another by virtue of itself as a whole. But
 117   1, 75  |               But if it is a form by ~virtue of some part of itself,
 118   1, 75  |             the intellectual soul, by virtue of its ~very being, is united
 119   1, 75  |              virtual contact. But the virtue of the soul is its power.
 120   1, 75  |            united thereto by power or virtue. But the intellectual ~soul
 121   1, 75  |             the body by its power and virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[76] A[
 122   1, 75  |               matter and ~form, is by virtue of the form itself, which
 123   1, 76  |             essence distinct from the virtue or power.~Aquin.: SMT FP
 124   1, 76  |          above all ~others it has one virtue or power.~Aquin.: SMT FP
 125   1, 77  |             the senses takes place by virtue of such qualities; but only ~
 126   1, 77  |               corporeal organ, and by virtue ~of a corporeal quality.
 127   1, 78  |              soul, but that it is its virtue and power.~Aquin.: SMT FP
 128   1, 78  |               which belongs to ~it by virtue either of its nature, or
 129   1, 78  |           certain "rules and seeds of virtue, both true ~and unchangeable."
 130   1, 79  |             sense, such as knowledge, virtue, and suchlike.~
 131   1, 80  |              the second only moves by virtue ~of the first: wherefore
 132   1, 80  |              something of its own, by virtue whereof it can resist the
 133   1, 81  |              soul. For charity is the virtue by which we love God.~Aquin.:
 134   1, 82  |        therefore, that man is such by virtue ~of a natural quality which
 135   1, 82  |             powers man may be such by virtue of a natural quality, inasmuch
 136   1, 82  |              And such as a man is by ~virtue of a corporeal quality,
 137   1, 82  |               habits and passions, by virtue of which a ~man is inclined
 138   1, 84  |             these actions proceeds in virtue of some form. And as the
 139   1, 87  |        communicable to all capable of virtue." Further, it is unreasonable
 140   1, 87  |        operation according to perfect virtue"; and after enumerating
 141   1, 87  |               is attained through the virtue of wisdom, which in the
 142   1, 89  |             produced from any created virtue. Therefore it seems that
 143   1, 89  |             created as to its causal ~virtue in the elements of the world,
 144   1, 90  |           cause, according to its one virtue. ~This perfection is bestowed
 145   1, 91  |           twofold. One is servile, by virtue of which a ~superior makes
 146   1, 92  |               generic, or existing by virtue of some common accident,
 147   1, 92  |               intellect, and love of ~virtue to the will; which two things
 148   1, 92  |               likeness in the love of virtue."~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[93] A[
 149   1, 92  |             by reason of his perfect ~virtue. In like manner, likeness
 150   1, 92  |                belong to "the love of virtue": for there is no virtue
 151   1, 92  |              virtue": for there is no virtue without love of ~virtue.~
 152   1, 92  |               virtue without love of ~virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[93] A[
 153   1, 92  |               of "image"; but love of virtue belongs to "likeness," as
 154   1, 92  |             belongs to "likeness," as virtue ~itself belongs to likeness.~
 155   1, 93  |                Body Para. 2/4~Now, in virtue of this mode of understanding,
 156   1, 93  |                A[2] Body Para. 3/4~In virtue of the first movement of
 157   1, 93  |              the primitive state, by ~virtue of which, while the soul
 158   1, 93  |        accordance with nature, but by virtue of some ~supernatural operation.
 159   1, 94  |               primitive subjection by virtue of which reason was subject
 160   1, 94  |             grace, yet it was ~not by virtue of the nature wherein he
 161   1, 94  |             advance ~by merit, but by virtue of the grace which was added.~
 162   1, 94  |            OBJ 3: Perfection of moral virtue does not wholly take away
 163   1, 94  |              3: Further, penance is a virtue that regards sin committed.
 164   1, 94  |          committed. Mercy, ~too, is a virtue concerned with unhappiness.
 165   1, 94  |            Further, perseverance is a virtue. But Adam possessed it not;
 166   1, 94  |      Therefore he possessed not every virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[95] A[
 167   1, 94  |            OBJ 5: Further, faith is a virtue. But it did not exist in
 168   1, 94  |              in a sense possess every virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[95] A[
 169   1, 94  |               and as to act. ~But any virtue which implies imperfection
 170   1, 94  |            one sense as a ~particular virtue, signifying a habit whereby
 171   1, 94  |            taken as a circumstance of virtue; signifying a ~certain uninterrupted
 172   1, 94  |         uninterrupted continuation of virtue; in which sense Adam did
 173   1, 94  |                ii, 3): "The object of virtue ~is the difficult and the
 174   1, 94  |               would have ~had greater virtue, he would have performed
 175   1, 95  |             of his ~own free-will, by virtue of which man can apply himself,
 176   1, 95  |            made a greater ~advance in virtue and knowledge than others.~
 177   1, 95  |         inequality as ~exists between virtue and vice; the result of
 178   1, 95  |              another in knowledge and virtue, this ~would not have been
 179   1, 98  |            body; secondly, as regards virtue; thirdly, in knowledge.
 180   1, 99  |               have been transfused by virtue of the ~semen; but would
 181   1, 102 |            Which is good of Itself by virtue of ~Its Essence, Which is
 182   1, 103 |             so God alone is Being ~in virtue of His own Essence, since
 183   1, 103 |             or disposition, except by virtue of some ~change; for the
 184   1, 104 |             the second always acts in virtue of the ~first; for the first
 185   1, 104 |               thus all agents ~act in virtue of God Himself: and therefore
 186   1, 107 |           principality and power, and virtue, and dominion": ~which are
 187   1, 107 |                A[5] R.O. 1 Para. 2/2~"Virtue" can be taken in two ways.
 188   1, 107 |           participation of the Divine virtue; and the same principle
 189   1, 107 |          Principality and Power, and ~Virtue, and Dominion." Here he
 190   1, 110 |            dispositions concur in the virtue of faith; first, the ~habit
 191   1, 110 |               vices, and to incite to virtue by way of persuasion.~Aquin.:
 192   1, 112 |               by the habit of ~mortal virtue. Secondly, that reason should
 193   1, 112 |              make perfect the good of virtue; this the Philosopher (Ethic.
 194   1, 113 |             he is as to knowledge, or virtue, ~with a view to his promotion;
 195   1, 114 |        accident, acts nevertheless by virtue of the substantial form,
 196   1, 114 |              of flesh. But by its own virtue it produces ~an accident.
 197   1, 114 |             in corporeal ~matter. For virtue [ratio] implies something
 198   1, 114 |              110], A[3]), they act by virtue thereof as ~their instruments.
 199   1, 114 |        whatever is done here below in virtue of the action of heavenly
 200   1, 114 |              the ~heavenly bodies, by virtue of which the inferior powers
 201   1, 117 |            begets not only by its own virtue but ~by that of the whole
 202   1, 117 |               the heavenly bodies, by virtue of which the inferior bodies
 203   1, 117 |             the seminal power acts by virtue of the soul of the begetter ~
 204   1, 118 |              to comprise whatever the virtue ~of the species is founded
 205   1, 118 |              such be ~taken away, the virtue of the species remains in
 206   1, 118 |                1/1~Reply OBJ 4: Every virtue of a passible body is weakened
 207   1, 118 |           Therefore the transforming ~virtue is strong at first so as
 208   1, 118 |          decline. In fine, ~when this virtue fails altogether, the animal
 209   1, 118 |             the animal dies. Thus the virtue of ~wine that transforms
 210   1, 118 |            Adam ~"not only by seminal virtue, but also in the very substance
 211   1, 118 |             For if human nature has a virtue for the ~communication of
 212   1, 118 |             receives a certain common virtue in regard to all the parts ~
 213   1, 118 |             parts ~of the body, which virtue is subsequently determinate
 214   1, 118 |        inasmuch as the semen owes its virtue to the form of the ~begetter,
 215   1, 118 |               there be in the semen a virtue derived from the soul of
 216   1, 118 |         though ~the immediate seminal virtue, or the corporeal substance
 217   1, 118 |              is the immediate seminal virtue (in the production) of this
 218   1, 118 |              according to the seminal virtue. Because the matter from ~
 219   1, 118 |              Adam; whereas the active virtue was not derived from ~Adam,
 220   1, 118 |             not formed by the seminal virtue of a man, but ~by the operation
 221   2, 1   |               there will be an act of virtue, in another, an act of vice.
 222   2, 1   |              the gifts of nature, and virtue." But these are ~clearly
 223   2, 1   |               does something: but the virtue of the first intention, ~
 224   2, 2   |               bliss is "the reward of virtue," as the Philosopher says ~(
 225   2, 2   |            seems to be that by ~which virtue is rewarded, as the Philosopher
 226   2, 2   |          honor is not that ~reward of virtue, for which the virtuous
 227   2, 2   |               greater to ~offer." But virtue's true reward is happiness
 228   2, 2   |              it would no longer be a ~virtue, but ambition.~Aquin.: SMT
 229   2, 2   |             use of power, which is by virtue, rather than in power itself.~
 230   2, 3   |        operation according to perfect virtue."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[3] A[
 231   2, 3   |        operation according to perfect virtue." And in ~distinguishing
 232   2, 4   |            But the prize or reward of virtue is happiness, as the ~Philosopher
 233   2, 4   |           will, which is by reason of virtue, is ~ordained to Happiness
 234   2, 4   |                For the ~perfection of virtue and grace presupposes the
 235   2, 4   |        Happiness is the perfection of virtue and grace. Now the soul,
 236   2, 4   |            Happiness is the reward of virtue; wherefore it is ~written (
 237   2, 4   |        operation according to perfect virtue"; ~and it is clear that
 238   2, 4   |               from every operation of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[4] A[6]
 239   2, 4   |          consists in ~an operation of virtue, as stated in Ethic. i,
 240   2, 4   |           operation of ~contemplative virtue, and for the operation of
 241   2, 4   |               the operation of active virtue, for which ~latter he needs
 242   2, 4   |           delight in the operation of virtue; but for ~the purpose of
 243   2, 5   |           Happiness is "the reward of virtue," as the Philosopher says (
 244   2, 5   |            given for all the works of virtue; because it is ~written (
 245   2, 5   |              to fall to vice from the virtue, in whose act that happiness ~
 246   2, 5   |            consists. If, however, the virtue remain unimpaired, outward ~
 247   2, 5   |             they hinder ~many acts of virtue; but they cannot take it
 248   2, 5   |               still remains an act of virtue, whereby man bears these
 249   2, 5   |            powers, in the same way as virtue, in ~whose operation it
 250   2, 5   |              be said of it as of the ~virtue, in whose act it consists.~
 251   2, 5   |             is the reward of works of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[5] A[7]
 252   2, 5   |              of the body; some, in a ~virtue of the soul; some in other
 253   2, 7   |              find or lose the mean of virtue in human acts ~and passions.
 254   2, 7   |             sake of" the good of ~the virtue or fortitude, is not a circumstance;
 255   2, 9   |              to its first movement in virtue of the instigation of some
 256   2, 13  |            says (Ethic. vi, 12) that "virtue makes us choose aright;
 257   2, 13  |            but ~it is not the part of virtue, but of some other power
 258   2, 14  |         impulse of passion, we act in virtue of the ~reason's inquiry.
 259   2, 17  |               does not ~move, save in virtue of the first mover, it follows
 260   2, 17  |   presupposing an act of the will, in virtue of which the reason, by
 261   2, 17  |               the lower power acts in virtue of the higher power ~moving
 262   2, 17  |          power: because it happens in virtue of a natural or supernatural ~
 263   2, 17  |            room for praise and blame, virtue and vice: as ~in the case
 264   2, 17  |              3 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Virtue and vice, praise and blame
 265   2, 17  |       generation proceeds the seminal virtue, ~which is virtually the
 266   2, 18  |               evil acts not, save in ~virtue of the good. But no evil
 267   2, 18  |                But no evil is done in virtue of the good. Therefore ~
 268   2, 18  |             Reply OBJ 1: Evil acts in virtue of deficient goodness. For
 269   2, 18  |                since they depart from virtue; and thus they are indifferent
 270   2, 18  |        Further, moral good belongs to virtue, while moral evil belongs ~
 271   2, 18  |            either to the good of some virtue, or to the evil of some
 272   2, 18  |               directed to the good of virtue, provided he direct his
 273   2, 18  |           body ~itself to the good of virtue. The same clearly applies
 274   2, 19  |             things": and accordingly, virtue is a ~habit from which men
 275   2, 19  |          which ~is in accordance with virtue. Therefore the goodness
 276   2, 19  |             second cause acts only in virtue of the first. Now it is
 277   2, 20  |                1/1~OBJ 2: Further, "A virtue makes that, which has it,
 278   2, 20  |              6). But the intellective virtue in the ~commanding power
 279   2, 20  |               distinct from the moral virtue in the power ~commanded,
 280   2, 20  |             in Ethic. vi, 12, a moral virtue is ordained to ~the act
 281   2, 20  |          ordained to ~the act of that virtue, which act is the end, as
 282   2, 20  |              end, as it were, of that virtue; ~whereas prudence, which
 283   2, 20  |           regard to the very end of a virtue has no other goodness than ~
 284   2, 20  |            than ~the goodness of that virtue, in so far as the goodness
 285   2, 20  |              is ~participated in each virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[20] A[
 286   2, 20  |               or bad according to its virtue, since a virtue "makes ~
 287   2, 20  |      according to its virtue, since a virtue "makes ~that which has it
 288   2, 20  |            Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: The virtue of a cause is measured by
 289   2, 21  |             deeds that are opposed to virtue ~deserve censure and blame."
 290   2, 21  |               are virtuous; because ~"virtue makes that which has it,
 291   2, 21  |          wherefore actions opposed to virtue are evil. Therefore a human
 292   2, 23  |          irascible faculty; desire of virtue, in ~the concupiscible part."
 293   2, 24  |               reason, they pertain to virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[24] A[
 294   2, 24  |              that "pity is a kind ~of virtue." Moreover, the Philosopher
 295   2, 29  |               does nothing ~except in virtue of good," as Dionysius says (
 296   2, 31  |           truth and in doing works of virtue. Secondly, nature in man
 297   2, 31  |              another vice, whereas no virtue can be contrary to another ~
 298   2, 31  |               be contrary to another ~virtue. But in other things nothing
 299   2, 31  |           with regard to the ~good of virtue, is due to the fact that
 300   2, 31  |               is due to the fact that virtue's good depends on ~fittingness
 301   2, 34  |               and the man lacking ~in virtue seeks, seems to be evil
 302   2, 34  |         animals, in whom ~there is no virtue, seek pleasure: whereas
 303   2, 34  |            Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, "virtue and art are concerned about
 304   2, 34  |                arrives at the mean of virtue by abstaining from ~pleasure.
 305   2, 34  |              concern of ~prudence and virtue than of art. Nevertheless
 306   2, 34  |               pleasure ~together with virtue is better than pleasure
 307   2, 34  |          better than pleasure without virtue. Therefore ~pleasure is
 308   2, 34  |       extraneous to the operation ~of virtue, but that it accompanies
 309   2, 34  |              pleasure in the works of virtue; ~and that man evil, who
 310   2, 35  |         respect of a generic form, as virtue and ~vice; or in respect
 311   2, 35  |                the contrary genera of virtue and vice, are not contrary
 312   2, 35  |            the more virtuous: since ~"virtue is concerned with the difficult
 313   2, 40  |             ii, 1) that "intellectual virtue needs experience and time."
 314   2, 40  |            Moreover, the intellectual virtue itself ~adds to the power
 315   2, 41  |          vindicating nature." But ~no virtue is a passion, as is proved
 316   2, 41  |              1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Virtue denotes a principle of action:
 317   2, 41  |             denies that ~passion is a virtue by way of habit.~Aquin.:
 318   2, 42  |              to fear. But the good of virtue can be ~the object of hope,
 319   2, 42  |             hope may be of an act ~of virtue, which lies within our own
 320   2, 45  |              Now vice is contrary to ~virtue. Since, therefore, fear
 321   2, 45  |              therefore, fear is not a virtue but a passion, it seems ~
 322   2, 45  |               account ~of the good of virtue which is the abiding object
 323   2, 46  |             by ~the Divine Reason, in virtue of which they are gifted
 324   2, 46  |               may be according to the virtue of justice, ~if it be in
 325   2, 49  |              as ~inchoate science and virtue: "and when he says, 'as
 326   2, 49  |             as ~perfected science and virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[49] A[
 327   2, 49  |               are in their subject in virtue of its nature, and are always ~
 328   2, 50  |           sickness as examples, as of virtue and science; and because
 329   2, 50  |             apprehensive power, so it virtue ~related to the appetitive
 330   2, 50  |        neither can there be habits of virtue in the ~sensitive part.~
 331   2, 51  |              called the "nurseries of virtue." The reason of this is ~
 332   2, 51  |               teaches that habits of ~virtue and vice are caused by acts.~
 333   2, 51  |           just as the habits of moral virtue are caused in the ~appetitive
 334   2, 51  |               than the habit of moral virtue produced in the appetitive
 335   2, 51  |        respect ~of a habit of perfect virtue" (Ethic. i, 7,10,13). Therefore
 336   2, 51  |                 Therefore a habit of ~virtue, and for the same reason,
 337   2, 51  |               belongs to the habit of virtue. Therefore a habit of virtue ~
 338   2, 51  |          virtue. Therefore a habit of virtue ~cannot be caused by one
 339   2, 52  |            follows as to science ~and virtue (Phys. viii, text. 20).~
 340   2, 53  |         reason neither can habits of ~virtue be corrupted, since they
 341   2, 53  |             declares (Ethic. i, 10), "virtue is more lasting than ~learning."~
 342   2, 53  |        sinning a man loses a habit of virtue: and again, virtues are
 343   2, 53  |           Therefore a habit either of virtue or of vice, may be corrupted
 344   2, 53  |             contrary to such vice or ~virtue, whether through ignorance,
 345   2, 53  |               like ~manner a habit of virtue can be corrupted. Nevertheless
 346   2, 53  |   Nevertheless when it is said ~that "virtue is more lasting than learning,"
 347   2, 53  |              act: because the use of ~virtue continues through the whole
 348   2, 53  |             the habits of science and virtue are in the intellectual ~
 349   2, 53  |           like manner other habits of virtue are ~diminished or destroyed
 350   2, 53  |               both of ~science and of virtue. For it is evident that
 351   2, 53  |         evident that a habit of moral virtue ~makes a man ready to choose
 352   2, 53  |           fail to observe the mode of virtue, by reason of the inclination
 353   2, 53  |          external agencies. Wherefore virtue is ~destroyed or lessened
 354   2, 54  |         belong to different habits of virtue, if it be ~directed to different
 355   2, 54  |          habits; for ~instance, human virtue and heroic or godlike virtue,
 356   2, 54  |          virtue and heroic or godlike virtue, as the Philosopher ~clearly
 357   2, 54  |           contrary to a bad habit, as virtue to ~vice. Now contraries
 358   2, 54  |             to nature. Thus, ~acts of virtue are suitable to human nature,
 359   2, 54  |               nature. And ~thus human virtue, which disposes to an act
 360   2, 54  |       distinct from godlike or heroic virtue, which disposes to an act ~
 361   2, 54  |           matter are contrary to one ~virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[54] A[
 362   2, 54  |             assigned to each cardinal virtue, are ~not integral parts
 363   2, 55  |           virtues: (1) the essence of virtue; ~(2) its subject; (3) the
 364   2, 55  |          subject; (3) the division of virtue; (4) the cause of virtue; (
 365   2, 55  |              virtue; (4) the cause of virtue; (5) ~certain properties
 366   2, 55  |                 certain properties of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] Out.
 367   2, 55  |            inquiry:~(1) Whether human virtue is a habit?~(2) Whether
 368   2, 55  |               4) Of the definition of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
 369   2, 55  |               Para. 1/1~Whether human virtue is a habit?~Aquin.: SMT
 370   2, 55  |              It would seem that human virtue is not a habit: For virtue
 371   2, 55  |            virtue is not a habit: For virtue is ~"the limit of power" (
 372   2, 55  |              genus of line. Therefore virtue is reducible to the ~genus
 373   2, 55  |               Lib. Arb. ii, 19] that "virtue is good use of free-will."
 374   2, 55  |        free-will is an act. Therefore virtue is not a habit, but an act.~
 375   2, 55  |               Moribus Eccl. xv) that "virtue is the ~order of love,"
 376   2, 55  |             ordering which is ~called virtue consists in enjoying what
 377   2, 55  |             or ~a relation. Therefore virtue is not a habit, but an action
 378   2, 55  |        Categor. vi) that science and ~virtue are habits. ~Aquin.: SMT
 379   2, 55  |              Para. 1/2~I answer that, Virtue denotes a certain perfection
 380   2, 55  |       Sometimes we give the name of a virtue to that to which the ~virtue
 381   2, 55  |          virtue to that to which the ~virtue is directed, namely, either
 382   2, 55  |               therefore we ~say that "virtue is the limit of power,"
 383   2, 55  |               is the limit of power," virtue is taken for the object ~
 384   2, 55  |              taken for the object ~of virtue. For the furthest point
 385   2, 55  |             reach, is said to ~be its virtue; for instance, if a man
 386   2, 55  |      hundredweight and not ~more, his virtue [*In English we should say '
 387   2, 55  |               But the objection takes virtue as being ~essentially the
 388   2, 55  |             free-will is said to be a virtue, in the same ~sense as above (
 389   2, 55  |           because it is that to which virtue ~is directed as to its proper
 390   2, 55  |            proper act. For the act of virtue is nothing else ~than the
 391   2, 55  |               OBJ 4: When we say that virtue is the order or ordering
 392   2, 55  |             refer to the end to which virtue is ordered: because in us
 393   2, 55  |              love is set ~in order by virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
 394   2, 55  |               Para. 1/1~Whether human virtue is an operative habit?~Aquin.:
 395   2, 55  |             is not essential to human virtue to be an ~operative habit.
 396   2, 55  |                belong to the body, so virtue belongs to the soul. But
 397   2, 55  |          habits. Therefore neither is virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
 398   2, 55  |             in natural things we find virtue not only in reference ~to
 399   2, 55  |           Coelo i), since some have a virtue to be always, while some
 400   2, 55  |            always, while some have a ~virtue to be not always, but at
 401   2, 55  |         definite time. Now as natural virtue ~is in natural things, so
 402   2, 55  |           natural things, so is human virtue in rational beings. Therefore ~
 403   2, 55  |         beings. Therefore ~also human virtue is referred not only to
 404   2, 55  |             Phys. vii, text. 17) that virtue ~"is the disposition of
 405   2, 55  |               needs to be disposed by virtue is God Himself, as ~Augustine
 406   2, 55  |               Therefore it seems that virtue is a quality of ~the soul
 407   2, 55  |              Ethic. ii, 6) says that "virtue of a ~thing is that which
 408   2, 55  |              Para. 1/2~I answer that, Virtue, from the very nature of
 409   2, 55  |              each ~of these is called virtue. But power in reference
 410   2, 55  |          alone. And therefore, human ~virtue, of which we are speaking
 411   2, 55  |             the soul. Wherefore human virtue ~does not imply reference
 412   2, 55  |             it is ~essential to human virtue to be an operative habit.~
 413   2, 55  |             act. And therefore, since virtue is the ~principle of some
 414   2, 55  |                operator in respect of virtue some corresponding disposition.
 415   2, 55  |        corresponding disposition. Now virtue ~causes an ordered operation.
 416   2, 55  |          ordered operation. Therefore virtue itself is an ordered ~disposition
 417   2, 55  |              which is outside. Hence ~virtue, inasmuch as it is a suitable
 418   2, 55  |             But this ~does not hinder virtue from being a principle of
 419   2, 55  |              2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Virtue which is referred to being
 420   2, 55  |         proper to man; but ~only that virtue which is referred to works
 421   2, 55  |               Para. 1/1~Whether human virtue is a good habit?~Aquin.:
 422   2, 55  |           that it is not essential to virtue that it should ~be a good
 423   2, 55  |            bad sense. But there is a ~virtue even of sin; according to
 424   2, 55  |       according to 1 Cor. 15:56: "The virtue [Douay: ~'strength'] of
 425   2, 55  |            sin is the Law." Therefore virtue is not always a good ~habit.~
 426   2, 55  |             Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, Virtue corresponds to power. But
 427   2, 55  |               drunkenness." Therefore virtue ~also is referred to good
 428   2, 55  |               Apostle (2 Cor. 12:9): "Virtue [Douay: ~'power'] is made
 429   2, 55  |      infirmity is an evil. ~Therefore virtue is referred not only to
 430   2, 55  |                No one can doubt ~that virtue makes the soul exceeding
 431   2, 55  |    Philosopher says ~(Ethic. ii, 6): "Virtue is that which makes its
 432   2, 55  |               have said above (A[1]), virtue implies a perfection ~of
 433   2, 55  |               of power: wherefore the virtue of a thing is fixed by the
 434   2, 55  |               And for this reason the virtue of a thing must ~be regarded
 435   2, 55  |              to good. Therefore human virtue which is an ~operative habit,
 436   2, 55  |                 In this way therefore virtue is applied to evil things:
 437   2, 55  |            evil things: so ~that the "virtue" of sin is said to be law,
 438   2, 55  |             cannot be ~called a human virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
 439   2, 55  |           powers. And therefore human virtue, which is attributed ~to
 440   2, 55  |               Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether virtue is suitably defined?~Aquin.:
 441   2, 55  |         definition, usually given, of virtue, is ~not suitable, to wit: "
 442   2, 55  |                not suitable, to wit: "Virtue is a good quality of the
 443   2, 55  |              in ~us, without us." For virtue is man's goodness, since
 444   2, 55  |              is man's goodness, since virtue it is that ~makes its subject
 445   2, 55  |      therefore unsuitable to describe virtue as a ~"good quality."~Aquin.:
 446   2, 55  |             put in the ~definition of virtue, as a difference of quality.~
 447   2, 55  |                Ethic. iii, 10). Every virtue, ~therefore, is not a good
 448   2, 55  |               justice is a species of virtue. It is ~therefore unsuitable
 449   2, 55  |       righteous" in the definition of virtue, when ~we say that virtue
 450   2, 55  |             virtue, when ~we say that virtue is that "by which we live
 451   2, 55  |                But ~many are proud of virtue, for Augustine says in his
 452   2, 55  |               one can make bad use of virtue."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
 453   2, 55  |          Further, man is justified by virtue. But Augustine commenting
 454   2, 55  |               to say ~that "God works virtue in us, without us."~Aquin.:
 455   2, 55  |            whole essential ~notion of virtue. For the perfect essential
 456   2, 55  |          comprises all the ~causes of virtue. For the formal cause of
 457   2, 55  |               For the formal cause of virtue, as of everything, is ~gathered
 458   2, 55  |              quality" is the genus of virtue, and the difference, ~"good."
 459   2, 55  |               A[4] Body Para. 2/4~Now virtue has no matter "out of which"
 460   2, 55  |               The matter about which ~virtue is concerned is its object,
 461   2, 55  |          because the object fixes the virtue to a certain ~species, and
 462   2, 55  |              giving the definition of virtue in general. And ~so for
 463   2, 55  |           mentioned when we say ~that virtue is a good quality "of the
 464   2, 55  |             Body Para. 3/4~The end of virtue, since it is an operative
 465   2, 55  |               to the ~untrue: whereas virtue is a habit which is always
 466   2, 55  |            and ~so the distinction of virtue from those habits which
 467   2, 55  |            efficient cause of infused virtue, to which this ~definition
 468   2, 55  |               good or one. So also is virtue called good, because by
 469   2, 55  |              put in the definition of virtue, is not good ~in general
 470   2, 55  |              3 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Virtue cannot be in the irrational
 471   2, 55  |              is the proper subject of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
 472   2, 55  |             One can make bad use of a virtue objectively, for instance ~
 473   2, 55  |          having evil thoughts about a virtue, e.g. by hating it, or by
 474   2, 55  |            one cannot make bad use of virtue as principle of ~action,
 475   2, 55  |             action, so that an act of virtue be evil.~Aquin.: SMT FS
 476   2, 55  |              1/1~Reply OBJ 6: Infused virtue is caused in us by God without
 477   2, 56  |               1/1 - OF THE SUBJECT OF VIRTUE (SIX ARTICLES)~We now have
 478   2, 56  |               consider the subject of virtue, about which there are six ~
 479   2, 56  |                Whether the subject of virtue is a power of the soul?~(
 480   2, 56  |             the soul?~(2) Whether one virtue can be in several powers?~(
 481   2, 56  |       intellect can be the subject of virtue?~(4) Whether the irascible
 482   2, 56  |      faculties can be the subject ~of virtue?~(5) Whether the sensitive
 483   2, 56  |   apprehension can be the subject of ~virtue?~(6) Whether the will can
 484   2, 56  |            will can be the subject of virtue?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[56] A[
 485   2, 56  |              1~Whether the subject of virtue is a power of the soul?~
 486   2, 56  |              seem that the subject of virtue is not a power of the ~soul.
 487   2, 56  |               Lib. Arb. ii, 19) that "virtue is that by ~which we live
 488   2, 56  |          power of the soul. Therefore virtue is not a power, but in the ~
 489   2, 56  |             says (Ethic. ii, 6) that "virtue is that ~which makes its
 490   2, 56  |               power, so he that has a virtue is set up by the essence
 491   2, 56  |               of ~the soul. Therefore virtue does not belong to the power,
 492   2, 56  |               species of quality. But virtue is ~a quality, as we have
 493   2, 56  |           soul is not the subject of ~virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[56] A[
 494   2, 56  |           Para. 1/1~On the contrary, "Virtue is the limit of power" (
 495   2, 56  |               is the limit. Therefore virtue is in a power ~of the soul.~
 496   2, 56  |             proved in three ways that virtue belongs to a ~power of the
 497   2, 56  |         notion of the very essence of virtue, ~which implies perfection
 498   2, 56  |          Secondly, from the fact that virtue is an operative habit, as ~
 499   2, 56  |           Thirdly, from the fact that virtue disposes to that ~which
 500   2, 56  |            the soul is the subject of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[56] A[