1-500 | 501-1000 | 1001-1500 | 1501-2000 | 2001-2500 | 2501-3000 | 3001-3500 | 3501-4000 | 4001-4141
Part, Question
501 2, 92 | Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, Law does not profit a man unless
502 2, 92 | fact that a man obeys a law is due to his being good.
503 2, 92 | goodness is presupposed to the law. Therefore the law does
504 2, 92 | to the law. Therefore the law does not make ~men good.~
505 2, 92 | Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, Law is ordained to the common
506 2, 92 | not the ~business of the law to make men good.~Aquin.:
507 2, 92 | his own profit. Therefore law does not make men good.~
508 2, 92 | A[1], ad 2; AA[3],4), a law is ~nothing else than a
509 2, 92 | says (Polit. i). But every law aims at being obeyed by
510 2, 92 | that the proper effect ~of law is to lead its subjects
511 2, 92 | that the proper effect ~of law is to make those to whom
512 2, 92 | follows that the effect of the law is to make men good ~simply.
513 2, 92 | Divine justice; then the law does not make men good simply, ~
514 2, 92 | already exists. And since law is given for the purpose
515 2, 92 | to virtue, so far does ~law make men good. Wherefore
516 2, 92 | virtue that ~one obeys the law, but sometimes it is through
517 2, 92 | Reply OBJ 4: A tyrannical law, through not being according
518 2, 92 | according to reason, is ~not a law, absolutely speaking, but
519 2, 92 | but rather a perversion of law; and yet ~in so far as it
520 2, 92 | something in the nature of a law, it aims at the ~citizens'
521 2, 92 | it has in the nature of a law consists in ~its being an
522 2, 92 | 1/1~Whether the acts of law are suitably assigned?~Aquin.:
523 2, 92 | would seem that the acts of law are not suitably assigned
524 2, 92 | punishment." ~For "every law is a general precept," as
525 2, 92 | Further, the effect of a law is to induce its subjects
526 2, 92 | Therefore it belongs to law to counsel rather than to ~
527 2, 92 | is reckoned an effect of law, so also is ~to reward.~
528 2, 92 | But he that obeys the law, merely through fear of ~
529 2, 92 | not a proper effect of law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[92] A[
530 2, 92 | says (Etym. v, 19): "Every law either permits ~something,
531 2, 92 | asserting ~something, so is a law a dictate of reason, commanding
532 2, 92 | assent to the ~precept of the law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[92] A[
533 2, 92 | 2/2~Now the precepts of law are concerned with human
534 2, 92 | human acts, in which the law ~directs, as stated above (
535 2, 92 | of these the ~act of the law is a precept or command,
536 2, 92 | precept or command, for "the law commands all acts of ~virtue" (
537 2, 92 | in respect of these the law forbids. Some acts are generically ~
538 2, 92 | in respect of these the law permits; and all acts that ~
539 2, 92 | fear of punishment that law makes use of in ~order to
540 2, 92 | punishment is an effect of ~law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[92] A[
541 2, 92 | in a ~wide sense, every law is a kind of precept.~Aquin.:
542 2, 92 | advise is not a proper act of law, but may be within ~the
543 2, 92 | person, who cannot make a law. Wherefore ~too the Apostle,
544 2, 92 | reckoned as an effect of law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[92] A[
545 2, 92 | none but the framer of the law, by whose authority the
546 2, 92 | not reckoned an effect of law, but ~only to punish.~Aquin.:
547 2, 92 | own accord. Accordingly, law, even by ~punishing, leads
548 2, 93 | Para. 1/2 - OF THE ETERNAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES)~We must now
549 2, 93 | We must now consider each law by itself; and (1) The eternal
550 2, 93 | itself; and (1) The eternal law; (2) ~The natural law; (
551 2, 93 | eternal law; (2) ~The natural law; (3) The human law; (4)
552 2, 93 | natural law; (3) The human law; (4) The old law; (5) The
553 2, 93 | The human law; (4) The old law; (5) The new law, ~which
554 2, 93 | The old law; (5) The new law, ~which is the law of the
555 2, 93 | The new law, ~which is the law of the Gospel. Of the sixth
556 2, 93 | the Gospel. Of the sixth law which is the law of the ~"
557 2, 93 | the sixth law which is the law of the ~"fomes," suffice
558 2, 93 | 1) What is the eternal law?~(2) Whether it is known
559 2, 93 | to all?~(3) Whether every law is derived from it?~(4)
560 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law?~(5) Whether natural contingencies
561 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law?~(6) Whether all human things
562 2, 93 | 1/1~Whether the eternal law is a sovereign type [*Ratio]
563 2, 93 | would seem that the eternal law is not a sovereign type ~
564 2, 93 | there is only one eternal law. But there are many ~types
565 2, 93 | Therefore the ~eternal law does not seem to be a type
566 2, 93 | Further, it is essential to a law that it be promulgated by
567 2, 93 | Therefore the eternal law is not the same as a Divine
568 2, 93 | Vera Relig. xxx): "We see a law above ~our minds, which
569 2, 93 | is called truth." But the law which is above our minds ~
570 2, 93 | our minds ~is the eternal law. Therefore truth is the
571 2, 93 | Therefore truth is the eternal law. But the idea of ~truth
572 2, 93 | type. Therefore the eternal law is ~not the same as the
573 2, 93 | i, 6) that "the eternal ~law is the sovereign type, to
574 2, 93 | bears the character of a law, provided the other conditions
575 2, 93 | bears the character of law. ~Accordingly the eternal
576 2, 93 | Accordingly the eternal law is nothing else than the
577 2, 93 | the FP, Q[15], A[2]. But law ~is said to direct human
578 2, 93 | thing. Wherefore the eternal law is one since it is the type ~
579 2, 93 | by this Word, the eternal law itself is ~expressed thereby.
580 2, 93 | follow that the eternal law is a Personal ~name in God:
581 2, 93 | 1/1~Whether the eternal law is known to all?~Aquin.:
582 2, 93 | would seem that the eternal law is not known to all. Because, ~
583 2, 93 | of God." But the eternal law is a type existing ~in the
584 2, 93 | Arb. i, 6) "the eternal law ~is that by which it is
585 2, 93 | do not ~know the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
586 2, 93 | xxxi) that "the eternal ~law is not subject to the judgment
587 2, 93 | Therefore the eternal law is ~not known to us.~Aquin.:
588 2, 93 | knowledge of ~the eternal law is imprinted on us."~Aquin.:
589 2, 93 | one can know the eternal law, as it is in itself, except ~
590 2, 93 | participation of the eternal law, which is the ~unchangeable
591 2, 93 | principles ~of the natural law: and as to the others, they
592 2, 93 | cognizant of the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
593 2, 93 | each one knows the eternal law according to his ~own capacity,
594 2, 93 | anyone who knows the eternal law in the way aforesaid, knows ~
595 2, 93 | can judge of the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
596 2, 93 | Para. 1/1~Whether every law is derived from the eternal
597 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
598 2, 93 | would seem that not every law is derived from the eternal
599 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law. ~For there is a law of
600 2, 93 | eternal law. ~For there is a law of the "fomes," as stated
601 2, 93 | derived from that Divine law which is the eternal law,
602 2, 93 | law which is the eternal law, since ~thereunto pertains
603 2, 93 | cannot be subject to the law of God." Therefore not ~
604 2, 93 | God." Therefore not ~every law is derived from the eternal
605 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
606 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law, ~because, as stated above (
607 2, 93 | OBJ[2]), "the eternal law is that, ~according to which
608 2, 93 | laws." Therefore not every law is derived from the eternal
609 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
610 2, 93 | Lib. Arb. i, 5) that "the law which ~is framed for ruling
611 2, 93 | providence is the ~eternal law, as stated above (A[1]).
612 2, 93 | Therefore not even every good law is ~derived from the eternal
613 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
614 2, 93 | Divine Wisdom is the ~eternal law, as stated above (A[1]).
615 2, 93 | proceed from the ~eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
616 2, 93 | above (Q[90], AA[1],2), the law denotes a kind ~of plan
617 2, 93 | Since then the eternal law ~is the plan of government
618 2, 93 | derived from the eternal ~law. But these plans of inferior
619 2, 93 | laws besides the ~eternal law. Therefore all laws, in
620 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law. Hence Augustine says (De
621 2, 93 | i, 6) that "in temporal law there is nothing just and
622 2, 93 | has drawn from the eternal law."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
623 2, 93 | fomes" has the nature of law in man, in so far as it ~
624 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law. But in so far as it ~denotes
625 2, 93 | is contrary to the Divine law, and has not ~the nature
626 2, 93 | and has not ~the nature of law, as stated above (Q[91],
627 2, 93 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Human law has the nature of law in
628 2, 93 | Human law has the nature of law in so far as it partakes
629 2, 93 | derived from ~the eternal law. But in so far as it deviates
630 2, 93 | it is called ~an unjust law, and has the nature, not
631 2, 93 | and has the nature, not of law but of violence. ~Nevertheless
632 2, 93 | Nevertheless even an unjust law, in so far as it retains
633 2, 93 | retains some appearance ~of law, though being framed by
634 2, 93 | derived from the ~eternal law; since all power is from
635 2, 93 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Human law is said to permit certain
636 2, 93 | directed by the Divine law, which human law is unable
637 2, 93 | Divine law, which human law is unable to direct, because ~
638 2, 93 | the very ~fact that human law does not meddle with matters
639 2, 93 | ordination of the eternal law. It would be different,
640 2, 93 | be different, were ~human law to sanction what the eternal
641 2, 93 | sanction what the eternal law condemns. Consequently it
642 2, 93 | does ~not follow that human law is not derived from the
643 2, 93 | derived from the eternal law, but that ~it is not on
644 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
645 2, 93 | subject to ~the eternal law. For whatever is reasonable
646 2, 93 | reason. But the eternal law is the Divine reason. Therefore ~
647 2, 93 | is subject to the eternal law. But God's will is eternal. ~
648 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
649 2, 93 | is subject to the ~King's law. Now the Son, according
650 2, 93 | subject to the ~eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
651 2, 93 | 3: Further, the eternal law is Divine providence as
652 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
653 2, 93 | not subject to the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
654 2, 93 | above (A[1]), the eternal law is the type of ~the Divine
655 2, 93 | is subject to the eternal law: while if anything is not ~
656 2, 93 | subject to the eternal ~law. The application of this
657 2, 93 | is subject to the eternal law: while things ~pertaining
658 2, 93 | subject to the eternal ~law, but are the eternal law
659 2, 93 | law, but are the eternal law itself.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
660 2, 93 | government, nor to the eternal law, but is ~the same thing
661 2, 93 | same thing as the eternal law. Secondly, we may speak
662 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law, in so far as they are planned
663 2, 93 | providence or to the ~eternal law: but rather is Himself the
664 2, 93 | rather is Himself the eternal law by a kind of ~appropriation,
665 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law? ~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
666 2, 93 | subject to the ~eternal law. Because promulgation is
667 2, 93 | promulgation is essential to law, as stated above ~(Q[90],
668 2, 93 | above ~(Q[90], A[4]). But a law cannot be promulgated except
669 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law; and consequently ~natural
670 2, 93 | Ethic. i. But the eternal law, is the supreme type, as
671 2, 93 | subject to the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
672 2, 93 | 3: Further, the eternal law is most efficient. But in
673 2, 93 | subject to the eternal ~law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
674 2, 93 | with its bounds, and set a law to the waters, that they
675 2, 93 | must speak otherwise of the law of man, than of the ~eternal
676 2, 93 | man, than of the ~eternal law which is the law of God.
677 2, 93 | eternal law which is the law of God. For the law of man
678 2, 93 | the law of God. For the law of man extends only to ~
679 2, 93 | reason of this is because law ~directs the actions of
680 2, 93 | speaking, none imposes a law on his own ~actions. Now
681 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law. ~Consequently irrational
682 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law, through ~being moved by
683 2, 93 | what the promulgation of law is to men: because law,
684 2, 93 | of law is to men: because law, by being ~promulgated,
685 2, 93 | And ~since the eternal law is the type of Divine providence,
686 2, 93 | subject to the eternal ~law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
687 2, 93 | are subject to the eternal law?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
688 2, 93 | subject to the ~eternal law. For the Apostle says (Gal.
689 2, 93 | spirit you are not under the law." But the righteous who
690 2, 93 | men are under the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
691 2, 93 | it is not subject to the ~law of God." But many are those
692 2, 93 | not subject to the eternal law which is ~the law of God.~
693 2, 93 | eternal law which is ~the law of God.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
694 2, 93 | i, 6) that "the eternal law ~is that by which the wicked
695 2, 93 | are not under ~the eternal law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
696 2, 93 | subject to the ~eternal law, as explained above (A[5]):
697 2, 93 | partaking of the ~eternal law by way of knowledge; secondly,
698 2, 93 | partaking of the eternal law by way of an inward motive ~
699 2, 93 | subject to ~the eternal law, as stated above (A[5]).
700 2, 93 | subject to the eternal law in both ways; because while
701 2, 93 | knowledge of the eternal law, as stated above (A[2]), ~
702 2, 93 | harmony with the ~eternal law; for "we are naturally adapted
703 2, 93 | perfectly subject to the eternal law, as ~always acting according
704 2, 93 | subject to the ~eternal law, imperfectly as to their
705 2, 93 | suffer what the eternal law decrees concerning them, ~
706 2, 93 | act in harmony with that law. Hence Augustine ~says (
707 2, 93 | according to ~the eternal law; and (De Catech. Rud. xviii):
708 2, 93 | is said to be under the law, through being pinned ~down
709 2, 93 | says that "he is under the law, who refrains from evil
710 2, 93 | punishment threatened by the law, and not from love of ~virtue."
711 2, 93 | spiritual man is not under the law, because he ~fulfils the
712 2, 93 | because he ~fulfils the law willingly, through charity
713 2, 93 | Ghost is not under ~the law, as neither is the Son,
714 2, 93 | Ghost, are not under ~the law. The Apostle witnesses to
715 2, 93 | cannot be subject to the law of ~God as regards action;
716 2, 93 | contrary to the ~Divine law: yet it is subject to the
717 2, 93 | yet it is subject to the law of God, as regards passion; ~
718 2, 93 | punishment according to the law of Divine ~justice. Nevertheless
719 2, 93 | accordance with the eternal law. ~For we have seen above (
720 2, 93 | according to the eternal law that some ~deserve happiness,
721 2, 93 | so is it by the eternal law that ~some are maintained
722 2, 93 | damned are under the eternal law.~~
723 2, 94 | Para. 1/1 - OF THE NATURAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES)~We must now
724 2, 94 | now consider the natural law; concerning which there
725 2, 94 | 1) What is the natural law?~(2) What are the precepts
726 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law?~(3) Whether all acts of
727 2, 94 | prescribed by the natural law?~(4) Whether the natural
728 2, 94 | 4) Whether the natural law is the same in all?~(5)
729 2, 94 | 1/1~Whether the natural law is a habit?~Aquin.: SMT
730 2, 94 | would seem that the natural law is a habit. Because, as
731 2, 94 | passion." But the natural law is not one of the soul's ~
732 2, 94 | one. Therefore the natural law is a habit.~Aquin.: SMT
733 2, 94 | conscience or "synderesis is the law of our mind"; which can
734 2, 94 | only apply ~to the natural law. But the "synderesis" is
735 2, 94 | Therefore the natural law is a habit.~Aquin.: SMT
736 2, 94 | 3: Further, the natural law abides in man always, as
737 2, 94 | man's reason, which the law regards, does not ~always
738 2, 94 | think about the natural law. Therefore the natural law
739 2, 94 | law. Therefore the natural law is not an ~act, but a habit.~
740 2, 94 | such is not the ~natural law: since it is in infants
741 2, 94 | it. Therefore the natural law is not a habit.~Aquin.:
742 2, 94 | essentially: and thus the natural law is not a habit. For it ~
743 2, 94 | ad 2) that the natural law is ~something appointed
744 2, 94 | that by which we act, a law cannot be a habit properly
745 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law are sometimes considered
746 2, 94 | in this ~way the natural law may be called a habit. Thus,
747 2, 94 | Synderesis" is said to be the law of our mind, because it ~
748 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law, which are the ~first principles
749 2, 94 | proves that the natural law is held ~habitually; and
750 2, 94 | principles, or the natural ~law, which is in him habitually.~
751 2, 94 | 1/1~Whether the natural law contains several precepts,
752 2, 94 | would seem that the natural law contains, not several ~precepts,
753 2, 94 | precepts, but one only. For law is a kind of precept, as
754 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law, ~it would follow that there
755 2, 94 | 2: Further, the natural law is consequent to human nature.
756 2, 94 | is but one precept of the law of nature, on ~account of
757 2, 94 | faculty belong to ~the natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
758 2, 94 | Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, law is something pertaining
759 2, 94 | precept of the natural law. ~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
760 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law in man stand in ~relation
761 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
762 2, 94 | precepts of the ~natural law are to the practical reason,
763 2, 94 | is the first precept of law, ~that "good is to be done
764 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law are based upon this: so
765 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law as something to be done
766 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law. Because in ~man there is
767 2, 94 | belongs to the ~natural law. Secondly, there is in man
768 2, 94 | to belong to the natural law, "which nature has taught
769 2, 94 | inclination belongs to the natural law; for instance, to shun ~
770 2, 94 | All these precepts of the law of nature have the character ~
771 2, 94 | character ~of one natural law, inasmuch as they flow from
772 2, 94 | reason, belong to the natural law, and are reduced to one ~
773 2, 94 | precepts of the natural law ~are many in themselves,
774 2, 94 | is contained ~under the law of reason.~Aquin.: SMT FS
775 2, 94 | prescribed by the natural law?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
776 2, 94 | prescribed by the ~natural law. Because, as stated above (
777 2, 94 | it is essential to a ~law that it be ordained to the
778 2, 94 | the subject of natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
779 2, 94 | prescribed by the natural law, it seems to follow ~that
780 2, 94 | prescribed by the natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
781 2, 94 | a subject of the natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
782 2, 94 | acts belong to the natural law. For it has ~been stated (
783 2, 94 | 2]) that to the natural law belongs everything to which
784 2, 94 | prescribed by the ~natural law: since each one's reason
785 2, 94 | prescribed ~by the natural law: for many things are done
786 2, 94 | just as other matters of law are ordained to the moral
787 2, 94 | 1/1~Whether the natural law is the same in all men?~
788 2, 94 | would seem that the natural law is not the same in all.
789 2, 94 | Dist. i) that "the natural law is that which ~is contained
790 2, 94 | which ~is contained in the Law and the Gospel." But this
791 2, 94 | Therefore the natural law is not the same in all men.~
792 2, 94 | which are according to the law are said to be ~just," as
793 2, 94 | Therefore even the natural law is not the same in all men.~
794 2, 94 | AA[2],3), to the natural law belongs ~everything to which
795 2, 94 | there is not one natural law for all.~Aquin.: SMT FS
796 2, 94 | Etym. v, 4): "The natural law is common ~to all nations."~
797 2, 94 | AA[2],3), to the natural law belongs ~those things to
798 2, 94 | must say that the natural law, as to general principles, ~
799 2, 94 | contrary to the natural ~law, was not considered wrong
800 2, 94 | whatever is ~contained in the Law and the Gospel belongs to
801 2, 94 | Gospel belongs to the natural law, since ~they contain many
802 2, 94 | belongs ~to the natural law is fully contained in them.
803 2, 94 | saying that "the natural law is what is contained in
804 2, 94 | what is contained in the Law and the ~Gospel," adds at
805 2, 94 | 1/1~Whether the natural law can be changed?~Aquin.:
806 2, 94 | would seem that the natural law can be changed. Because
807 2, 94 | them instructions, and the law of life," the gloss ~says: "
808 2, 94 | gloss ~says: "He wished the law of the letter to be written,
809 2, 94 | in order to correct ~the law of nature." But that which
810 2, 94 | Therefore ~the natural law can be changed.~Aquin.:
811 2, 94 | are ~against the natural law. But we find these things
812 2, 94 | Therefore the natural law can be changed.~Aquin.:
813 2, 94 | are matters of natural law." But ~these things are
814 2, 94 | seems ~that the natural law is subject to change.~Aquin.:
815 2, 94 | Dist. v): "The natural law ~dates from the creation
816 2, 94 | A change in the natural law may be understood in two ~
817 2, 94 | nothing hinders the ~natural law from being changed: since
818 2, 94 | over and above the natural law, both by the ~Divine law
819 2, 94 | law, both by the ~Divine law and by human laws.~Aquin.:
820 2, 94 | a change in the natural law may be understood by way
821 2, 94 | according to the natural law, ~ceases to be so. In this
822 2, 94 | this sense, the natural law is altogether ~unchangeable
823 2, 94 | principles, the natural law is not changed so that ~
824 2, 94 | Reply OBJ 1: The written law is said to be given for
825 2, 94 | correction of ~the natural law, either because it supplies
826 2, 94 | wanting to the ~natural law; or because the natural
827 2, 94 | or because the natural law was perverted in the hearts
828 2, 94 | allotted to ~him by the law emanating from God. Consequently
829 2, 94 | to belong to the natural law in two ways. ~First, because
830 2, 94 | naked is of the natural law, because ~nature did not
831 2, 94 | said ~to be of the natural law, because, to wit, the distinction
832 2, 94 | human life. Accordingly the law of nature was not ~changed
833 2, 94 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the law of nature can be abolished
834 2, 94 | would seem that the natural law can be abolished from the ~
835 2, 94 | Gentiles who have not the ~law," etc. a gloss says that "
836 2, 94 | a gloss says that "the law of righteousness, which
837 2, 94 | restored by grace." ~But the law of righteousness is the
838 2, 94 | of righteousness is the law of nature. Therefore the
839 2, 94 | of nature. Therefore the law of ~nature can be blotted
840 2, 94 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, the law of grace is more efficacious
841 2, 94 | more efficacious than the law of ~nature. But the law
842 2, 94 | law of ~nature. But the law of grace is blotted out
843 2, 94 | more therefore ~can the law of nature be blotted out.~
844 2, 94 | which is established by law is made just. But many ~
845 2, 94 | which are contrary to the law of nature. ~Therefore the
846 2, 94 | of nature. ~Therefore the law of nature can be abolished
847 2, 94 | says (Confess. ii): "Thy law is written in ~the hearts
848 2, 94 | itself effaces not." But the law which ~is written in men'
849 2, 94 | s hearts is the natural law. Therefore the natural law ~
850 2, 94 | law. Therefore the natural law ~cannot be blotted out.~
851 2, 94 | there belong to the natural ~law, first, certain most general
852 2, 94 | principles, the natural law, in the abstract, can nowise
853 2, 94 | secondary precepts, the natural law can be ~blotted out from
854 2, 94 | OBJ 1: Sin blots out the law of nature in particular
855 2, 94 | precepts of the ~natural law, in the way stated above.~
856 2, 94 | precepts of the ~natural law, against which some legislators
857 2, 95 | Out. Para. 1/1 - OF HUMAN LAW (FOUR ARTICLES)~We must
858 2, 95 | must now consider human law; and (1) this law considered
859 2, 95 | human law; and (1) this law considered in itself; ~(
860 2, 95 | Because the purpose of every law is that man be made good
861 2, 95 | 1~OBJ 3: Further, every law is framed for the direction
862 2, 95 | all, if he be severed from law and ~righteousness"; because
863 2, 95 | all things be regulated by law, than left to be decided
864 2, 95 | whenever ~possible, for the law to determine how to judge,
865 2, 95 | cannot be covered by the law ~"have necessarily to be
866 2, 95 | 1/1~Whether every human law is derived from the natural
867 2, 95 | derived from the natural law?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
868 2, 95 | seem that not every human law is derived from the ~natural
869 2, 95 | derived from the ~natural law. For the Philosopher says (
870 2, 95 | which arise from the natural law are not matters of indifference. ~
871 2, 95 | derived from the natural ~law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
872 2, 95 | OBJ 2: Further, positive law is contrasted with natural
873 2, 95 | contrasted with natural law, as stated ~by Isidore (
874 2, 95 | principles of the ~natural law belong to the natural law,
875 2, 95 | law belong to the natural law, as stated above (Q[94],
876 2, 95 | is established by human law does not belong to the ~
877 2, 95 | not belong to the ~natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
878 2, 95 | 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, the law of nature is the same for
879 2, 95 | derived from the ~natural law, it would follow that they
880 2, 95 | derived from the natural law. But "it is not possible
881 2, 95 | derived from the natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
882 2, 95 | not ~just seems to be no law at all": wherefore the force
883 2, 95 | wherefore the force of a law depends on ~the extent of
884 2, 95 | first ~rule of reason is the law of nature, as is clear from
885 2, 95 | Consequently every human law has just ~so much of the
886 2, 95 | so much of the nature of law, as it is derived from the
887 2, 95 | as it is derived from the law of nature. ~But if in any
888 2, 95 | point it deflects from the law of nature, it is no longer ~
889 2, 95 | nature, it is no longer ~a law but a perversion of law.~
890 2, 95 | law but a perversion of law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
891 2, 95 | derived from the natural law ~in two ways: first, as
892 2, 95 | principles of the ~natural law, by way of conclusions;
893 2, 95 | determination; e.g. the ~law of nature has it that the
894 2, 95 | is a determination of the law of nature.~Aquin.: SMT FS
895 2, 95 | derivation are found in the human law. But ~those things which
896 2, 95 | are contained in human ~law not as emanating therefrom
897 2, 95 | force from the ~natural law also. But those things which
898 2, 95 | force than that of human law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
899 2, 95 | precepts of the natural ~law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
900 2, 95 | derived from ~the natural law, by way of conclusions.~
901 2, 95 | principles of the natural law cannot be applied ~to all
902 2, 95 | particular points of the natural ~law: on which determinations
903 2, 95 | the quality of positive law is ~appropriate?~Aquin.:
904 2, 95 | the quality of ~positive law is not appropriate, when
905 2, 95 | he says (Etym. v, 21): "Law shall ~be virtuous, just,
906 2, 95 | expressed the quality of law in three conditions, saying
907 2, 95 | conditions, saying that "law is ~anything founded on
908 2, 95 | OBJ 3: Further, written law is condivided with custom,
909 2, 95 | stated in the ~definition of law that it is "according to
910 2, 95 | judgment, wherefore human ~law is not concerned with necessity
911 2, 95 | conditions are verified of human law: since it is ~both something
912 2, 95 | twofold, viz. ~the Divine law and the natural law, as
913 2, 95 | Divine law and the natural law, as explained above (A[2];
914 2, 95 | Now the end of human law is to be useful to man,
915 2, 95 | determining the nature of law, lays down, at first, three ~
916 2, 95 | proportionate to the Divine law; that it be "helpful to
917 2, 95 | proportionate to the nature law; and that it "further ~the
918 2, 95 | useful," etc. mean that law ~should further the common
919 2, 95 | any harm ensuing from the law ~itself. And since, as stated
920 2, 95 | stated above (Q[90], A[2]), law is ordained to the ~common
921 2, 95 | human statutes or ~human law (Etym. v, 4, seqq.). For
922 2, 95 | seqq.). For under this law he includes the "law of ~
923 2, 95 | this law he includes the "law of ~nations," so called,
924 2, 95 | But as he says, "natural law is that which is common
925 2, 95 | nations." ~Therefore the law of nations is not contained
926 2, 95 | contained under positive human law, ~but rather under natural
927 2, 95 | but rather under natural law.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
928 2, 95 | division includes "military law," and "public law," referring
929 2, 95 | military law," and "public law," referring to ~priests
930 2, 95 | But it is accidental to law that it be framed by this
931 2, 95 | be called the "Cornelian" law, another the ~"Falcidian"
932 2, 95 | another the ~"Falcidian" law, etc.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95]
933 2, 95 | in the notion of human law, ~many things are contained,
934 2, 95 | respect of any of which human law can be ~divided properly
935 2, 95 | to the ~notion of human law, to be derived from the
936 2, 95 | to be derived from the law of nature, as explained ~
937 2, 95 | In this respect positive law is divided into the "law
938 2, 95 | law is divided into the "law of ~nations" and "civil
939 2, 95 | of ~nations" and "civil law," according to the two ways
940 2, 95 | may be derived from the law of nature, as stated above (
941 2, 95 | A[2]). Because, ~to the law of nations belong those
942 2, 95 | which are derived from the law ~of nature, as conclusions
943 2, 95 | which is a point of ~the law of nature, since man is
944 2, 95 | which are derived from the law of nature ~by way of particular
945 2, 95 | determination, belong to the civil law, according as ~each state
946 2, 95 | belongs to the notion of human law, to be ordained to the ~
947 2, 95 | state. In this respect human law may be divided ~according
948 2, 95 | certain special kinds of law are adapted to these men.~
949 2, 95 | belongs to the notion of human law, to be framed by that one ~
950 2, 95 | also ~called "Honorary," law. Another form of government
951 2, 95 | therefore, has no corresponding law. Finally, ~there is a form
952 2, 95 | in this respect we have law sanctioned by the "Lords
953 2, 95 | belongs to the notion of human law to direct human actions. ~
954 2, 95 | various matters of which the law ~treats, there are various
955 2, 95 | Para. 5/6 ~Reply OBJ 1: The law of nations is indeed, in
956 2, 95 | derived from the ~natural law by way of a conclusion that
957 2, 95 | distinct from the natural law, especially it is distinct
958 2, 95 | distinct from the natural ~law which is common to all animals.~
959 2, 96 | OF THE POWER OF HUMAN LAW (SIX ARTICLES)~We must now
960 2, 96 | consider the power of human law. Under this head there are ~
961 2, 96 | inquiry:~(1) Whether human law should be framed for the
962 2, 96 | community?~(2) Whether human law should repress all vices?~(
963 2, 96 | vices?~(3) Whether human law is competent to direct all
964 2, 96 | men are subject to human law?~(6) Whether those who are
965 2, 96 | those who are under the law may act beside the letter
966 2, 96 | beside the letter of the ~law?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[96] A[
967 2, 96 | Para. 1/1~Whether human law should be framed for the
968 2, 96 | It would seem that human law should be framed not for
969 2, 96 | individual actions. Therefore law is framed not only for the ~
970 2, 96 | Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, law is the director of human
971 2, 96 | Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, law is a rule and measure of
972 2, 96 | that ~end. Now the end of law is the common good; because,
973 2, 96 | says ~(Etym. v, 21) that "law should be framed, not for
974 2, 96 | many ~things. Wherefore law should take account of many
975 2, 96 | legal just, i.e. ~positive law, into three parts. For some
976 2, 96 | which have the force of law; and in regard to these,
977 2, 96 | applicable to many things. Hence law would be of no ~use, if
978 2, 96 | individual actions; whereas law is a ~general precept, as
979 2, 96 | it belongs to the human law to repress all vices?~Aquin.:
980 2, 96 | that it belongs to human law to repress all vices. ~For
981 2, 96 | evils were repressed by law. ~Therefore human laws should
982 2, 96 | Therefore it belongs to human law to repress all vices.~Aquin.:
983 2, 96 | 1~OBJ 3: Further, human law is derived from the natural
984 2, 96 | derived from the natural law, as stated ~above (Q[95],
985 2, 96 | vices are contrary to the law of nature. ~Therefore human
986 2, 96 | nature. ~Therefore human law should repress all vices.~
987 2, 96 | It seems to me that the ~law which is written for the
988 2, 96 | but vices. Therefore human law rightly allows ~some vices,
989 2, 96 | above (Q[90], AA[1],2), law is framed as a rule ~or
990 2, 96 | Isidore says ~(Etym. v, 21), law should be "possible both
991 2, 96 | man: for which reason the law for children is not the
992 2, 96 | an adult are ~punished by law or at any rate are open
993 2, 96 | Body Para. 2/2~Now human law is framed for a number of
994 2, 96 | be maintained: thus human law prohibits murder, theft ~
995 2, 96 | sins are forbidden by human law, as stated.~Aquin.: SMT
996 2, 96 | 2: The purpose of human law is to lead men to virtue,
997 2, 96 | Reply OBJ 3: The natural law is a participation in us
998 2, 96 | participation in us of the eternal ~law: while human law falls short
999 2, 96 | eternal ~law: while human law falls short of the eternal
1000 2, 96 | falls short of the eternal law. Now Augustine says ~(De
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