Part, Question

1001   1, 58  |             Further, the ideas of our intellect resemble the angel more
1002   1, 58  |              know the thoughts of the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[57] A[
1003   1, 58  |         thought or ~will: because the intellect or will is not subject to
1004   1, 59  |                1) Whether the angel's intellect be sometimes in potentiality,
1005   1, 59  |               be error in the angel's intellect?~(6) Whether his knowledge
1006   1, 59  |               1/1~Whether the angel's intellect is sometimes in potentiality,
1007   1, 59  |           would seem that the angel's intellect is sometimes in ~potentiality
1008   1, 59  |                Therefore the ~angel's intellect is sometimes in potentiality.~
1009   1, 59  |   contemplation." Now a contemplating intellect is not in potentiality,
1010   1, 59  |            but ~in act. Therefore the intellect of an angel is not in potentiality.~
1011   1, 59  |              8; Phys. ~viii, 32), the intellect is in potentiality in two
1012   1, 59  |              the first way an angel's intellect is ~never in potentiality
1013   1, 59  |             the second way an angel's intellect can be in potentiality with ~
1014   1, 59  |             the same way, the angel's intellect is never so in ~potentiality
1015   1, 59  |              is understood unless the intellect be informed ~by an intelligible
1016   1, 59  |            Therefore neither can one ~intellect simultaneously understand
1017   1, 59  |               neither by sense nor by intellect are they grasped ~by one
1018   1, 59  |            grasped both by sense and ~intellect all at once and by one operation;
1019   1, 59  |            text. 23. ~In this way our intellect understands together both
1020   1, 59  |      according as its image is in the intellect. All ~things, then, which
1021   1, 59  |            Para. 1/2~Reply OBJ 2: The intellect is informed by the intelligible
1022   1, 59  |               the Word. Therefore the intellect of an angel ~knows by discursive
1023   1, 59  |         higher can do. But ~the human intellect can syllogize, and know
1024   1, 59  |      discursive method. Therefore the intellect of the angel, ~which is
1025   1, 59  |        understood [intelligi]; hence "intellect" is defined as the habit
1026   1, 59  |               speech is a sign of the intellect. But in speaking to ~men,
1027   1, 59  |    composition and of division in the intellect; as is manifest from many ~
1028   1, 59  |              I answer that, As in the intellect, when reasoning, the conclusion
1029   1, 59  |              the principle, so in the intellect composing and dividing, ~
1030   1, 59  |               the subject. For if our intellect were to ~see at once the
1031   1, 59  |                In like manner, if the intellect ~in apprehending the quiddity
1032   1, 59  |             the self-same ~reason our intellect understands by discursion,
1033   1, 59  |               can be falsehood in the intellect of an angel?~Aquin.: SMT
1034   1, 59  |             falsehood in the angel's ~intellect. For perversity appertains
1035   1, 59  |               can be falsehood in the intellect of the angels. Aquin.: SMT
1036   1, 59  |             falsehood or error in its intellect. But ~Dionysius (Div. Nom.
1037   1, 59  |             what a thing is. Now the ~intellect is always true as regards
1038   1, 59  |            means to the end; and the ~intellect at the same instant perceives
1039   1, 60  |           angel is his nature, or his intellect?~(3) Is there free-will
1040   1, 60  |        goodness; ~this belongs to the intellect. This is most perfectly
1041   1, 60  |             since the angels by their intellect know the ~universal aspect
1042   1, 60  |               way from that in ~which intellect surpasses reason. Reason
1043   1, 60  |       appetite ~belongs to sense. But intellect and reason differ as to
1044   1, 60  |              of ~knowing; because the intellect knows by simple intuition,
1045   1, 60  |             reason comes to know what intellect learns without it, ~namely,
1046   1, 60  |             reason and on the part of intellect is ~the same. Therefore
1047   1, 60  |             the will differs from the intellect?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
1048   1, 60  |             does not differ from the ~intellect and from the nature. For
1049   1, 60  |              some ~species within his intellect. Therefore the angel inclines
1050   1, 60  |         differ from his nature or his intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
1051   1, 60  |            Further, the object of the intellect is the true, while the ~
1052   1, 60  |              4]]. Therefore will and ~intellect are not really different.~
1053   1, 60  |      particular good, to wit, of the ~intellect. Therefore the will, whose
1054   1, 60  |             does not differ ~from the intellect, whose object is the true.~
1055   1, 60  |             things only, while ~their intellect regards both good and bad
1056   1, 60  |         angels is distinct from their intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
1057   1, 60  |        neither their nature nor their intellect. That it is not their ~nature
1058   1, 60  |              be the same thing as the intellect ~of angel or man. Because
1059   1, 60  |              knower; consequently the intellect extends itself to ~what
1060   1, 60  |              outside it. Consequently intellect and will must ~necessarily
1061   1, 60  |       universal good. ~Therefore both intellect and will are His nature.~
1062   1, 60  |       suffices for the difference of ~intellect from will.~Aquin.: SMT FP
1063   1, 60  |            good is apprehended by the intellect as something true; ~while
1064   1, 60  |           angels on the part of their intellect there is no such indifference; ~
1065   1, 60  |          already (Q[58], A[5]), their intellect is not ~deceived as to things
1066   1, 60  |              an agent endowed with an intellect can act with a judgment ~
1067   1, 60  |      Consequently, ~wherever there is intellect, there is free-will. It
1068   1, 60  |       manifest ~that just as there is intellect, so is there free-will in
1069   1, 60  |        perfect in his nature, if his ~intellect were not determined to every
1070   1, 60  |              does the judgment of the intellect. ~Yet it is true that liberty,
1071   1, 61  |               Now nature comes before intellect, ~because the nature of
1072   1, 61  |             in such subjects as have ~intellect. But it is common to every
1073   1, 61  |         perfection of either sense or intellect. ~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[60] A[
1074   1, 61  |     everything they can ~know, as our intellect is disposed towards first
1075   1, 61  |              with respect to both his intellect and ~his will. For the intellect
1076   1, 61  |      intellect and ~his will. For the intellect knows principles naturally;
1077   1, 61  |            the principle does in the ~intellect, as is laid down in Phys.
1078   1, 61  |         difference on the part of the intellect and on the ~part of the
1079   1, 63  |               nature of every created intellect, ~as was shown above (Q[
1080   1, 63  |              nature of every created ~intellect. Consequently no rational
1081   1, 63  |       referred to opposites. For ~the intellect cannot but assent to naturally
1082   1, 63  |              is disposed just ~as the intellect is to conclusions. Now it
1083   1, 63  |          belongs to ~the power of the intellect to be able to proceed to
1084   1, 64  |           angels to fetter reason or ~intellect, as is manifest from what
1085   1, 65  |               1) Of their darkness of intellect;~(2) Of their obstinacy
1086   1, 65  |               1/1~Whether the demons' intellect is darkened by privation
1087   1, 65  |           would seem that the demons' intellect is darkened by being ~deprived
1088   1, 65  |             from the weakness of our ~intellect which draws its knowledge
1089   1, 65  |        according to his nature, is an intellect or mind: since on account ~
1090   1, 65  |          surpassing the bounds of our intellect; and not merely because
1091   1, 65  |               not merely because our ~intellect draws knowledge from phantasms.
1092   1, 65  |      proportion not only of the human intellect, but even of the ~angelic.
1093   1, 65  |              of the perfection of his intellect he can of ~his nature have
1094   1, 65  |         particular objects, while the intellect considers universals. ~Now
1095   1, 65  |        respect, that the angel by his intellect apprehends immovably, as
1096   1, 66  |                as the senses for the ~intellect, the lungs for the heart;
1097   1, 66  |                in matter, but in ~the intellect only. Thus they say that
1098   1, 66  |           from forms existing in the ~intellect of spiritual creatures (
1099   1, 66  |            the species of the angelic intellect, which are, as ~it were,
1100   1, 66  |     intelligible forms of the angelic intellect, from which they ~proceed
1101   1, 66  |              the types in the Divine ~intellect, by which the seeds of forms
1102   1, 67  |       Anaxagoras, who taught that the intellect alone was distinct and ~
1103   1, 68  |       knowledge obtained through the ~intellect, as in those words: "Blessed
1104   1, 68  |         senses; for the object of the intellect is what ~a thing is, as
1105   1, 69  |           than the most exalted human intellect. ~Hence, whatever these
1106   1, 71  |              to their production. The intellect, for example, ~makes use
1107   1, 71  |            But the operations ~of the intellect, which does not act through
1108   1, 71  |             of the operations of the ~intellect. It remains, then, only
1109   1, 74  |               the nature of the human intellect is not ~only incorporeal,
1110   1, 74  |           clear that by means of the ~intellect man can have knowledge of
1111   1, 74  |              we call the mind or the ~intellect has an operation "per se"
1112   1, 74  |             soul, which is called the intellect or the mind, is something ~
1113   1, 74  |       necessary for the action of the intellect, not ~as its origin of action,
1114   1, 74  |               the phantasm ~is to the intellect what color is to the sight.
1115   1, 74  |      dependence on the body prove the intellect to be non-subsistent; ~otherwise
1116   1, 74  |        intelligible ~objects. But the intellect, apart from the body, apprehends
1117   1, 74  |        distinction between ~sense and intellect, and referred both a corporeal
1118   1, 74  |            drew a distinction between intellect and ~sense; yet he referred
1119   1, 74  |             occurs in the case of the intellect. For an intellect that understands ~
1120   1, 74  |              of the intellect. For an intellect that understands ~the highest
1121   1, 74  |          accidental, inasmuch as the ~intellect requires the operation of
1122   1, 74  |                and "now," whereas the intellect apprehends ~existence absolutely,
1123   1, 74  |               everything that has an ~intellect naturally desires always
1124   1, 75  |               Anima iii, 4) that the ~intellect is "separate," and that
1125   1, 75  |            and form. Therefore if the intellect were united ~to the body
1126   1, 75  |             it ~would follow that the intellect has a determinate nature;
1127   1, 75  |        contrary to the nature of the ~intellect. Therefore the intellect
1128   1, 75  |              intellect. Therefore the intellect is not united to the body
1129   1, 75  |              is not received into the intellect materially and ~individually,
1130   1, 75  |           universally: otherwise the ~intellect would not be capable of
1131   1, 75  |            the senses. Therefore ~the intellect is not united to the body
1132   1, 75  |              is the substance of ~the intellect the form of a body.~Aquin.:
1133   1, 75  |               We must assert that the intellect which is the principle ~
1134   1, 75  |              whether it be called the intellect or the ~intellectual soul,
1135   1, 75  |           follows therefore ~that the intellect by which Socrates understands
1136   1, 75  |              subject, in the possible intellect, and in ~the phantasms which
1137   1, 75  |     intelligible species the possible intellect is linked to the body of
1138   1, 75  |             fact, that the act of the intellect is the act of Socrates. ~
1139   1, 75  |       consider things relating to the intellect. ~For the relation of phantasms
1140   1, 75  |          relation of phantasms to the intellect is like the relation of ~
1141   1, 75  |            phantasms ~in the possible intellect. Now it is clear that because
1142   1, 75  |         phantasms are in the possible intellect, it does not follow that ~
1143   1, 75  |            tried to maintain that the intellect is united to the ~body as
1144   1, 75  |             motor; and hence that the intellect and body form one thing ~
1145   1, 75  |                so that the act of the intellect could be attributed to the
1146   1, 75  |           reasons. First, because the intellect does ~not move the body
1147   1, 75  |      presupposes the operation of the intellect. The reason therefore why ~
1148   1, 75  |            because he is moved by his intellect, but ~rather, contrariwise,
1149   1, 75  |      contrariwise, he is moved by his intellect because he ~understands.
1150   1, 75  |               matter and form, if the intellect be ~not the form, it follows
1151   1, 75  |            the essence, and then ~the intellect is the whole Socrates as
1152   1, 75  |            moved. ~Whereas the act of intellect remains in the agent, and
1153   1, 75  |              that he is ~moved by his intellect. Thirdly, because the action
1154   1, 75  |                sees. Therefore if the intellect and Socrates are united
1155   1, 75  |             manner, the action of the intellect cannot be attributed to
1156   1, 75  |            composed of a union of the intellect with ~whatever else belongs
1157   1, 75  |               Socrates, and still the intellect be united to ~those other
1158   1, 75  |            the very operation of the ~intellect it is made clear that the
1159   1, 75  |              This power is called the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[76] A[
1160   1, 75  |               De Anima iii) that ~the intellect is separate, because it
1161   1, 75  |               things by means of ~his intellect, and that his intellect
1162   1, 75  |               intellect, and that his intellect may understand immaterial
1163   1, 75  |         bodies, but that there is one intellect in all ~men. For an immaterial
1164   1, 75  |            Therefore there is but one intellect in all men.~Aquin.: SMT
1165   1, 75  |               1~OBJ 3: Further, if my intellect is distinct from your intellect,
1166   1, 75  |       intellect is distinct from your intellect, my ~intellect is an individual,
1167   1, 75  |              from your intellect, my ~intellect is an individual, and so
1168   1, 75  |        received individually ~into my intellect, and also into yours: which
1169   1, 75  |        contrary to the nature ~of the intellect which knows universals.~
1170   1, 75  |            thing understood is in the intellect which ~understands. If,
1171   1, 75  |        understands. If, therefore, my intellect is distinct from yours,
1172   1, 75  |        contrary to ~the nature of the intellect; for then the intellect
1173   1, 75  |               intellect; for then the intellect would seem not to be ~distinct
1174   1, 75  |             follow that there ~is one intellect in all men.~Aquin.: SMT
1175   1, 75  |               be, unless there is one intellect in both. ~Seemingly, therefore,
1176   1, 75  |             Seemingly, therefore, the intellect of the disciple and master
1177   1, 75  |             chiefly on account of the intellect. Therefore there ~is one
1178   1, 75  |               Therefore there ~is one intellect of all men.~Aquin.: SMT
1179   1, 75  |         absolutely impossible for one intellect to belong ~to all men. This
1180   1, 75  |          Plato maintained, man is the intellect ~itself. For it would follow
1181   1, 75  |               it is supposed that the intellect ~is a part or a power of
1182   1, 75  |            manner of the union of the intellect to this or that man. For
1183   1, 75  |                that no matter how the intellect is united or coupled to
1184   1, 75  |             to this or that ~man, the intellect has the precedence of all
1185   1, 75  |             sensitive powers obey the intellect, and are at ~its service.
1186   1, 75  |            sight. But if there is one intellect, no matter ~how diverse
1187   1, 75  |             those things of which the intellect makes use as ~instruments,
1188   1, 75  |               which is the act of the intellect, is not affected by any ~
1189   1, 75  |             any ~organ other than the intellect itself; it will further
1190   1, 75  |               a form of the ~possible intellect; since the same agent according
1191   1, 75  |            not a form of the possible intellect; it is the intelligible
1192   1, 75  |            that is a form. Now in one intellect, from ~different phantasms
1193   1, 75  |              abstracted; by which the intellect of that one man, by one ~
1194   1, 75  |          Therefore, if there were one intellect for all ~men, the diversity
1195   1, 75  |        maintain that there exists one intellect for all men.~Aquin.: SMT
1196   1, 75  |           point, whether there be one intellect or many; because, even ~
1197   1, 75  |          necessarily be an individual intellect, ~and the species whereby
1198   1, 75  |              Reply OBJ 4: Whether the intellect be one or many, what is
1199   1, 75  |               is understood is in the intellect, not according to its own ~
1200   1, 75  |               by a ~reflection of the intellect on itself: otherwise, the
1201   1, 75  |               of the body, namely the intellect and the ~will; whence these
1202   1, 77  |          which are ~a preamble to the intellect; secondly, the intellectual
1203   1, 77  |            thing is said to ~live; as intellect and sense, local movement
1204   1, 77  |        principle in animals is sense, intellect or ~appetite, as the Philosopher
1205   1, 77  |             to the senses, but to the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[78] A[
1206   1, 77  |               1/1~OBJ 4: Further, the intellect depends on the senses less
1207   1, 77  |               sensitive part. But the intellect knows nothing but what it ~
1208   1, 77  |             which is an action of the intellect. Therefore there is no ~
1209   1, 77  |           power between the sense and intellect, besides the imagination.~
1210   1, 77  |         Although the operation of the intellect has its origin in ~the senses:
1211   1, 77  |              through the senses, the ~intellect knows many things which
1212   1, 78  |              inquiry:~(1) Whether the intellect is a power of the soul,
1213   1, 78  |            whether there is an active intellect?~(4) Whether it is something
1214   1, 78  |                 5) Whether the active intellect is one in all?~(6) Whether
1215   1, 78  |              Whether memory is in the intellect?~(7) Whether the memory
1216   1, 78  |           memory be distinct from the intellect?~(8) Whether the reason
1217   1, 78  |               distinct power from the intellect?~(9) Whether the superior
1218   1, 78  |     intelligence is distinct from the intellect?~(11) Whether the speculative
1219   1, 78  |             speculative and practical intellect are distinct powers?~(12)
1220   1, 78  |           Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the intellect is a power of the soul? ~
1221   1, 78  |                It would seem that the intellect is not a power of the soul,
1222   1, 78  |          essence of the soul. For the intellect seems to be the same as
1223   1, 78  |               essence." Therefore the intellect is the ~essence of the soul.~
1224   1, 78  |                Therefore the mind and intellect of man is of the very essence
1225   1, 78  |                Therefore the mind and intellect of man are not ~a power
1226   1, 78  |             necessary to say that the intellect is a power ~of the soul,
1227   1, 78  |         Wherefore in God alone is His intellect ~His essence: while in other
1228   1, 78  |           intellectual creatures, the intellect is ~power.~Aquin.: SMT FP
1229   1, 78  |             soul is ~sometimes called intellect, as from its chief power;
1230   1, 78  |                Anima i, 4), that the "intellect is a substance." And in
1231   1, 78  |              other power besides the ~intellect, and the will, which follows
1232   1, 78  |               will, which follows the intellect. And for this reason ~an
1233   1, 78  |             is called a "mind" or an "intellect"; because his whole power ~
1234   1, 78  |     intelligent substance is ~not its intellect; and through its immateriality
1235   1, 78  |               it follows not that the intellect is the ~substance of the
1236   1, 78  |           Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the intellect is a passive power?~Aquin.:
1237   1, 78  |                It would seem that the intellect is not a passive power.
1238   1, 78  |           Therefore it seems that the intellect is not a passive power.~
1239   1, 78  |               79], A[6]). But "if the intellect is passive, it is corruptible" ~(
1240   1, 78  |            following reason. For ~the intellect, as we have seen above (
1241   1, 78  |             therefore see whether the intellect ~be in act or potentiality
1242   1, 78  |               of the ~relation of the intellect to universal being. For
1243   1, 78  |       universal being. For we find an intellect ~whose relation to universal
1244   1, 78  |               and ~such is the Divine intellect, which is the Essence of
1245   1, 78  |             And ~therefore the Divine intellect is not in potentiality,
1246   1, 78  |             pure act. ~But no created intellect can be an act in relation
1247   1, 78  |              Wherefore every ~created intellect is not the act of all things
1248   1, 78  |      generated. Wherefore the angelic intellect ~is always in act as regards
1249   1, 78  |            its proximity to the first intellect, which is pure act, as we ~
1250   1, 78  |             said above. But the human intellect, which is the lowest in
1251   1, 78  |             perfection of the Divine ~intellect, is in potentiality with
1252   1, 78  |           sense. And consequently the intellect is a passive power.~Aquin.:
1253   1, 78  |               1~Reply OBJ 2: "Passive intellect" is the name given by some
1254   1, 78  |              give the name of passive intellect to the ~cogitative power,
1255   1, 78  |          forasmuch as this ~so-called intellect is the act of a corporeal
1256   1, 78  |              corporeal organ. But the intellect ~which is in potentiality
1257   1, 78  |        Aristotle calls the "possible" intellect (De Anima iii, 4) is not ~
1258   1, 78  |             different things. Now the intellect is a passive power in regard
1259   1, 78  |            Whether there is an active intellect?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1260   1, 78  |               that there is no active intellect. For as the ~senses are
1261   1, 78  |            things sensible, so is our intellect to things ~intelligible.
1262   1, 78  |        passive. Therefore, since ~our intellect is in potentiality to things
1263   1, 78  |               we ~cannot say that the intellect is active, but only that
1264   1, 78  |              in the operation of the ~intellect there is no appointed medium
1265   1, 78  |               necessity for an active intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1266   1, 78  |              patient. But the passive intellect is an ~immaterial power.
1267   1, 78  |             is no need for an ~active intellect to make the species actually
1268   1, 78  |              we must admit an ~active intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1269   1, 78  |             is no need for ~an active intellect in order to make things
1270   1, 78  |             intellectual light to the intellect, as will ~be explained farther
1271   1, 78  |             and species: and that our intellect was formed by such ~participation
1272   1, 78  |            assign on the ~part of the intellect some power to make things
1273   1, 78  |               necessity for an active intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1274   1, 78  |          according to this the active intellect is required for ~understanding,
1275   1, 78  |             comparison of the active ~intellect to light is verified in
1276   1, 78  |      immaterial nature of the passive intellect would ~not suffice but for
1277   1, 78  |            the presence of the active intellect which makes ~things actually
1278   1, 78  |                1/1~Whether the active intellect is something in the soul?~
1279   1, 78  |            would seem that the active intellect is not something in the ~
1280   1, 78  |              the effect of the active intellect is to give light for the ~
1281   1, 78  |          world." Therefore the active intellect is not ~something in the
1282   1, 78  |                5) says of the active ~intellect, "that it does not sometimes
1283   1, 78  |     understand. Therefore the active ~intellect is not something in our
1284   1, 78  |               therefore, the ~passive intellect, which is a passive power,
1285   1, 78  |             soul; and also the active intellect, which is an active power:
1286   1, 78  |           false. Therefore the active intellect is not something ~in our
1287   1, 78  |              5) says that the active ~intellect is a "substance in actual
1288   1, 78  |               therefore, the ~passive intellect, which is in potentiality
1289   1, 78  |             impossible for the active intellect to ~be also something in
1290   1, 78  |                Further, if the active intellect is something in the soul,
1291   1, 78  |               follow that the active ~intellect flows from the essence of
1292   1, 78  |        participation from some higher intellect: which is ~unfitting. Therefore
1293   1, 78  |       unfitting. Therefore the active intellect is not something in our
1294   1, 78  |               the passive and active ~intellect, "to be in the soul."~Aquin.:
1295   1, 78  |               answer that, The active intellect, of which the Philosopher
1296   1, 78  |             needs suppose a superior ~intellect, from which the soul acquires
1297   1, 78  |            must ~needs be some higher intellect, by which the soul is helped
1298   1, 78  |         Wherefore some held that this intellect, substantially separate,
1299   1, 78  |              separate, is the ~active intellect, which by lighting up the
1300   1, 78  |                such a separate active intellect, it would still be necessary
1301   1, 78  |        participating in that superior intellect, by ~which power the human
1302   1, 78  |          power derived from a ~higher intellect, whereby it is able to light
1303   1, 78  |            said above of the passive ~intellect (Q[76], A[1]). Therefore
1304   1, 78  |                5) compared the active intellect to light, which is something ~
1305   1, 78  |           Plato compared the separate intellect ~impressing the soul to
1306   1, 78  |           Anima iii. But the separate intellect, according to the teaching
1307   1, 78  |              words not of the active ~intellect, but of the intellect in
1308   1, 78  |         active ~intellect, but of the intellect in act: of which he had
1309   1, 78  |            those words ~to the active intellect, then they are said because
1310   1, 78  |              not owing to ~the active intellect that sometimes we do, and
1311   1, 78  |                understand, but to the intellect which is in potentiality.~
1312   1, 78  |            the relation of the active intellect to the passive were ~that
1313   1, 78  |           instantly, since the active intellect is that which makes all
1314   1, 78  |              act). But now the active intellect is not an object, rather
1315   1, 78  |                presence of the active intellect, we require the presence
1316   1, 78  |               not whether ~the active intellect is something belonging to
1317   1, 78  |           power is called the "active intellect"; and another power, ~receptive
1318   1, 78  |          which is called the "passive intellect" by ~reason of its being
1319   1, 78  |               created by the ~supreme intellect, nothing prevents that power
1320   1, 78  |             derives from the ~supreme intellect, and whereby it abstracts
1321   1, 78  |                1/1~Whether the active intellect is one in all?~Aquin.: SMT
1322   1, 78  |              that there is one active intellect in all. For what ~is separate
1323   1, 78  |                bodies. But the active intellect is "separate," as the Philosopher
1324   1, 78  |            OBJ 2: Further, the active intellect is the cause of the universal, ~
1325   1, 78  |             one. Therefore the active intellect is the same in all.~Aquin.:
1326   1, 78  |             they assent by the active intellect. Therefore all agree in
1327   1, 78  |              all agree in one ~active intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1328   1, 78  |              iii, 5) that the active ~intellect is as a light. But light
1329   1, 78  |             Therefore the same active intellect is not in various men.~Aquin.:
1330   1, 78  |              A[4]). For if the active intellect were not something ~belonging
1331   1, 78  |            there would be ~one active intellect for all men. And this is
1332   1, 78  |              that there is one active intellect for all. But if the active
1333   1, 78  |            for all. But if the active intellect ~is something belonging
1334   1, 78  |    Philosopher proves that the active intellect is ~separate, by the fact
1335   1, 78  |             the fact that the passive intellect is separate: because, as ~
1336   1, 78  |            patient." ~Now the passive intellect is said to be separate,
1337   1, 78  |             the same sense the active intellect is ~also called "separate";
1338   1, 78  |               Reply OBJ 2: The active intellect is the cause of the universal,
1339   1, 78  |              it need not be the same ~intellect in all intelligent beings;
1340   1, 78  |               this befits the ~active intellect inasmuch as it is immaterial.~
1341   1, 78  |             this power is the ~active intellect. But there is no need for
1342   1, 78  |            the unity of the ~separate intellect, which Plato compares to
1343   1, 78  |              the unity of ~the active intellect, which Aristotle compares
1344   1, 78  |               not the province of the intellect, but ~of the sense. Therefore
1345   1, 78  |            this cannot happen in the ~intellect, because the intellect is
1346   1, 78  |                intellect, because the intellect is reduced to act by the
1347   1, 78  |             received into it. Now the intellect in act ~implies understanding
1348   1, 78  |             in act; and therefore the intellect actually ~understands all
1349   1, 78  |             thus be preserved in ~the intellect: because Avicenna held that
1350   1, 78  |              apprehension. But in the intellect, ~which has no corporeal
1351   1, 78  |            the likeness exists in the intellect must ~be actually understood.
1352   1, 78  |            thing ceases ~to be in our intellect, and if we wish to understand
1353   1, 78  |               must turn to the active intellect, which he held to be a separate ~
1354   1, 78  |               again ~into our passive intellect. And from the practice and
1355   1, 78  |             of turning to ~the active intellect there is formed, according
1356   1, 78  |               aptitude in the passive intellect for turning to the active
1357   1, 78  |             for turning to the active intellect; ~which aptitude he calls
1358   1, 78  |                that, when the passive intellect "is identified ~with each
1359   1, 78  |        discovering." Now, the passive intellect is said to be each thing, ~
1360   1, 78  |               the recipient. ~But the intellect is of a more stable nature,
1361   1, 78  |              reason is there ~for the intellect to receive the species unchangeably
1362   1, 78  |              them from some ~superior intellect. Thus, therefore, if we
1363   1, 78  |            act of some organ. But the intellect in ~itself is retentive
1364   1, 78  |               the whole soul, but the intellect."~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1365   1, 78  |             part of the object of the intellect. For the intellect ~understands
1366   1, 78  |             of the intellect. For the intellect ~understands man, as man:
1367   1, 78  |              understood to be in the ~intellect, as well as in the senses.
1368   1, 78  |             we have said above of the intellect (Q[76], A[1]); and therefore, ~
1369   1, 78  |                and therefore, ~as the intellect understands itself, though
1370   1, 78  |              be itself an individual ~intellect, so also it understands
1371   1, 78  |          events, is preserved in ~the intellect, forasmuch as it understands
1372   1, 78  |           species is sometimes in the intellect only ~in potentiality, and
1373   1, 78  |            potentiality, and then the intellect is said to be in potentiality. ~
1374   1, 78  |        intelligible species is in the intellect as regards the ~ultimate
1375   1, 78  |           knowledge. In this way ~the intellect retains the species, even
1376   1, 78  |               power distinct from the intellect?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1377   1, 78  |          memory is distinct from the ~intellect. For Augustine (De Trin.
1378   1, 78  |             is also distinct from the intellect. ~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1379   1, 78  |             part is distinct from the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1380   1, 78  |            could not be if memory and intellect were the same power. ~Therefore
1381   1, 78  |               attributes this ~to the intellect, as we have said (A[6],
1382   1, 78  |            not another power from the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1383   1, 78  |             black and white. Now, the intellect ~regards its object under
1384   1, 78  |             being: since the passive ~intellect is that "in which all are
1385   1, 78  |                Wherefore the ~passive intellect is not differentiated by
1386   1, 78  |              the power of the active ~intellect and of the passive intellect:
1387   1, 78  |          intellect and of the passive intellect: because as regards the
1388   1, 78  |           difference of powers in the intellect, ~but that of passive and
1389   1, 78  |               distinct power from the intellect: for it belongs to the nature
1390   1, 78  |              Sent. D, 1) that memory, intellect, ~and will are three powers,
1391   1, 78  |          intelligence, the act of the intellect; and by will, the ~act of
1392   1, 78  |           reason is distinct from the intellect?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1393   1, 78  |              distinct power from the ~intellect. For it is stated in De
1394   1, 78  |    imagination, then reason, then the intellect." Therefore the reason is ~
1395   1, 78  |          reason is ~distinct from the intellect, as imagination is from
1396   1, 78  |               De Consol. iv, 6), that intellect is ~compared to reason,
1397   1, 78  |           time. Therefore reason and ~intellect are not the same power.~
1398   1, 78  |               OBJ 3: Further, man has intellect in common with the angels,
1399   1, 78  |               it is distinct from the intellect, which ~properly belongs
1400   1, 78  |              it." Therefore, reason, ~intellect and mind are one power.~
1401   1, 78  |               answer that, Reason and intellect in man cannot be distinct
1402   1, 78  |          clear that in man reason and intellect are the ~same power.~Aquin.:
1403   1, 78  |           thus Boethius compared the ~intellect to eternity, and reason
1404   1, 78  |        measuring]. "And therefore the intellect regards those things ~which
1405   1, 78  |       distinct from the mind ~and the intellect, by which we may understand
1406   1, 78  |           belong to the ~habit of the intellect; whereas the conclusions
1407   1, 78  |            that a power, by which the intellect knows ~necessary things,
1408   1, 78  |           aspect ~of being, which the intellect considers, and to which
1409   1, 78  |               signifies an act of the intellect which leans to one side
1410   1, 78  |           mensurare] is an act of the intellect, applying certain principles
1411   1, 78  |              is a power distinct from intellect?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1412   1, 78  |               another power than the ~intellect. For we read in De Spiritu
1413   1, 78  |        imagination, then reason, then intellect, and afterwards intelligence." ~
1414   1, 78  |       distinct powers. Therefore also intellect ~and intelligence are distinct.~
1415   1, 78  |        intelligence ~in another." But intellect is the same power as reason.
1416   1, 78  |              is a distinct power from intellect, as reason is ~a distinct
1417   1, 78  |             others ~attributed to the intellect. For Damascene says (De
1418   1, 78  |           these things belongs to the intellect. Therefore ~intelligence
1419   1, 78  |            not another power than the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1420   1, 78  |               properly signifies the ~intellect's very act, which is to
1421   1, 78  |     intelligence is not distinct from intellect, as power is from power;
1422   1, 78  |              passive" intellects, the intellect "in habit," and the ~"actual"
1423   1, 78  |             habit," and the ~"actual" intellect. Of which four the active
1424   1, 78  |          three states of the ~passive intellect, which is sometimes in potentiality
1425   1, 78  |                 and thus it is called intellect in habit; and sometimes
1426   1, 78  |       consider, and thus it is called intellect in act, ~or actual intellect.~
1427   1, 78  |          intellect in act, ~or actual intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[79] A[
1428   1, 78  |           there means the ~act of the intellect. And thus it is divided
1429   1, 78  |            thus it is divided against intellect as act ~against power.~Aquin.:
1430   1, 78  |              meaning that act of the ~intellect which transcends the act
1431   1, 78  |                3. But the speculative intellect is ~merely an apprehensive
1432   1, 78  |            power; while the practical intellect is a motive ~power. Therefore
1433   1, 78  |             object of the speculative intellect is "truth," and of the ~
1434   1, 78  |            speculative ~and practical intellect are distinct powers.~Aquin.:
1435   1, 78  |      intellectual part, the practical intellect is ~compared to the speculative,
1436   1, 78  |        Therefore also the speculative intellect differs from the practical.~
1437   1, 78  |             contrary, The speculative intellect by extension becomes ~practical (
1438   1, 78  |              thing apprehended by the intellect, it ~is accidental whether
1439   1, 78  |            For it is the ~speculative intellect which directs what it apprehends,
1440   1, 78  |            truth; while the practical intellect is that ~which directs what
1441   1, 78  |            Reply OBJ 1: The practical intellect is a motive power, not as
1442   1, 78  |              object of the ~practical intellect is good directed to the
1443   1, 78  |              truth. For the practical intellect knows truth, just as the ~
1444   1, 78  |            that it is the "law of our intellect." For it is customary ~for
1445   1, 79  |             things sensible, ~and the intellect, of all things intelligible,
1446   1, 79  |               all things by sense and intellect: and thereby, those ~things
1447   1, 79  |               by the sense or by the ~intellect. Therefore the sensitive
1448   1, 79  |              which in man follows the intellect is not distinct from the
1449   1, 79  |            what is apprehended by the intellect and what is apprehended
1450   1, 79  |      apprehended ~by the sense or the intellect; on the contrary, this belongs
1451   1, 80  |         higher part, in which are the intellect or reason, and the will; ~
1452   1, 80  |     principles is not the work of the intellect, as such, but ~of the reason:
1453   1, 80  |               rather than to obey the intellect. Anyone can ~experience
1454   1, 80  |               despotic power; but the intellect dominates the appetite by
1455   1, 80  |                moved at once. But the intellect or reason is said to rule
1456   1, 81  |               a higher power than the intellect?~(4) Whether the will moves
1457   1, 81  |            Whether the will moves the intellect?~(5) Whether the will is
1458   1, 81  |            more than this, for as the intellect of necessity adheres to
1459   1, 81  |             corresponds rather to the intellect as regards natural principles
1460   1, 81  |              thing apprehended by the intellect is the ~object of the intellectual
1461   1, 81  |       whatever is apprehended by the ~intellect moves the will of necessity.~
1462   1, 81  |             must observe that as the ~intellect naturally and of necessity
1463   1, 81  |          principles. And to such the ~intellect does not assent of necessity.
1464   1, 81  |          principles. And to these the intellect assents of necessity, when ~
1465   1, 81  |               a higher power than the intellect? ~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[82] A[
1466   1, 81  |               a higher power than the intellect. ~For the object of the
1467   1, 81  |                for sense precedes the intellect, which is more noble. Now
1468   1, 81  |                follows the act of the intellect. ~Therefore the will is
1469   1, 81  |            and perfect power than the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[82] A[
1470   1, 81  |             habits which perfect the ~intellect: for it is written (1 Cor.
1471   1, 81  |               a higher power than the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[82] A[
1472   1, 81  |             The Philosopher holds the intellect to be the higher ~power
1473   1, 81  |            the higher ~power than the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[82] A[
1474   1, 81  |               else. If therefore the ~intellect and will be considered with
1475   1, 81  |              to themselves, then the ~intellect is the higher power. And
1476   1, 81  |        another. For the object of the intellect is ~more simple and more
1477   1, 81  |              since the ~object of the intellect is the very idea of appetible
1478   1, 81  |               idea of which is in the intellect, is the object of ~the will.
1479   1, 81  |          therefore the object of the ~intellect is higher than the object
1480   1, 81  |          object, it follows that ~the intellect in itself and absolutely
1481   1, 81  |             sometimes higher than the intellect, from the fact that the ~
1482   1, 81  |             occurs ~the object of the intellect. Thus, for instance, I might
1483   1, 81  |              A[4]), the action of the intellect consists in this - that
1484   1, 81  |             which are objects of the ~intellect, "are in the mind." When,
1485   1, 81  |               will is higher than the intellect. ~But when the thing which
1486   1, 81  |        comparison with that thing the intellect is higher than the will. ~
1487   1, 81  |              Absolutely, however, the intellect is nobler than the will.~
1488   1, 81  |      something good: forasmuch as the intellect is a thing, and truth ~its
1489   1, 81  |            excellent: as also is the ~intellect among the other powers.~
1490   1, 81  |    potentiality. And ~in this way the intellect precedes the will, as the
1491   1, 81  |            Whether the will moves the intellect?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[82] A[
1492   1, 81  |            the will does not move the intellect. For what ~moves excels
1493   1, 81  |             De Anima iii, 5). But the intellect ~excels and precedes the
1494   1, 81  |                will does not move the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[82] A[
1495   1, 81  |        perhaps ~accidentally. But the intellect moves the will, because
1496   1, 81  |              good ~apprehended by the intellect moves without being moved;
1497   1, 81  |               is moved. Therefore the intellect is not moved by the ~will.~
1498   1, 81  |       preceded by another act of the ~intellect, and this act of the intellect
1499   1, 81  |        intellect, and this act of the intellect by another act of the will,
1500   1, 81  |               will does not ~move the intellect.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[82] A[