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Part, Question
1 1, 1 | sacred doctrine we treat of angels, corporeal creatures and
2 1, 7 | think is ~the case with angels, these will be relatively
3 1, 9 | certain created substances, as angels and ~souls, have not matter.
4 1, 9 | as in the case with the angels; and universally all ~creatures
5 1, 9 | 1~Reply OBJ 2: The good angels, besides their natural endowment
6 1, 10 | in operation; ~like the angels, and the blessed, who enjoy
7 1, 10 | The same applies to the angels, who have an ~unchangeable
8 1, 10 | spiritual substances, as are the angels. Therefore there ~is not
9 1, 10 | last; even in one ~order of angels. Now according to the first
10 1, 12 | prophets only, but neither angels nor ~archangels have seen
11 1, 12 | incorporeal beings, called ~angels. But to God alone does it
12 1, 12 | incongruous; since equality with angels is promised to men as ~their
13 1, 12 | 1/1~On the contrary, The angels see the essence of God;
14 1, 12 | Hier. vii), "the inferior angels ~are cleansed from ignorance
15 1, 12 | ignorance by the superior angels." Also they are ~ignorant
16 1, 12 | diverse ideas given them, the angels do not know all things ~
17 1, 20 | him a little less than the angels" (Ps. 8:6). But God ~loved
18 1, 20 | men more than He loved the angels, for it is said: "Nowhere
19 1, 20 | doth He ~take hold of the angels, but of the seed of Abraham
20 1, 20 | more than He loves all the angels; for that nature ~is better,
21 1, 20 | that, in this respect, some angels are found nobler than some
22 1, 20 | some men nobler than some angels. But as to natural condition
23 1, 23 | 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, the angels are capable of beatitude,
24 1, 23 | predestination is not suitable to angels, since in them there never
25 1, 23 | Predestination applies to angels, just as it does to men, ~
26 1, 23 | the place of ~the fallen angels; and the Gentiles in that
27 1, 23 | many men ~will be saved as angels fell; some, so many as there
28 1, 23 | some, so many as there were angels left; ~others, as many as
29 1, 23 | as many as the number of angels created by God. It is, however, ~
30 1, 25 | more than twelve legions of angels?" (Mt. ~26:53). But He neither
31 1, 25 | above all the choirs of angels, and ~so cannot be better
32 1, 29 | as in God, and ~in the angels. Therefore the word "nature"
33 1, 29 | Further, person in men and angels does not signify relation,
34 1, 29 | meaning in God, in man, and in angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[29] A[
35 1, 30 | something composite. Hence the angels, who are more perfect and
36 1, 31 | another." But God is with ~the angels and the souls of the saints.
37 1, 31 | Reply OBJ 1: Although the angels and the souls of the saints
38 1, 31 | alone or solitary, though angels and men ~were with Him,
39 1, 31 | Therefore the society of angels and of souls does not take
40 1, 43 | by the ~ministry of the angels; as Augustine says (De Trin.
41 1, 43 | any, came by means of the angels. ~Thus the angels are sent,
42 1, 43 | of the angels. ~Thus the angels are sent, and not the Holy
43 1, 43 | by the ministry of the ~angels, not to signify the person
44 1, 44 | nigh unto Thyself" - viz. angels - "the other nigh unto ~
45 1, 45 | that neither good nor ~bad angels can create anything. Much
46 1, 47 | promoted to the order of angels according to the ~diversity
47 1, 50 | Para. 1/4 - TREATISE ON THE ANGELS (QQ[50]-64)~OF THE SUBSTANCE
48 1, 50 | OF THE SUBSTANCE OF THE ANGELS ABSOLUTELY CONSIDERED (FIVE
49 1, 50 | Para. 2/4~Concerning the angels, we consider first what
50 1, 50 | creature is corporeal. Now angels are God's creatures, ~as
51 1, 50 | Praise ye" the Lord, "all His angels"; and, ~farther on (verse
52 1, 50 | were created." Therefore angels are corporeal.~Aquin.: SMT
53 1, 50 | 103:4): "Who makes His angels spirits."~Aquin.: SMT FP
54 1, 50 | and thus it ~is said that angels, compared to God, are material
55 1, 50 | that, Some assert that the angels are composed of matter and ~
56 1, 50 | understood to be in the angels; and this is what some say,
57 1, 50 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels exist in any great number?~
58 1, 50 | It would seem that the angels are not in great numbers.
59 1, 50 | But this cannot be in the angels, since they are incorporeal,
60 1, 50 | above (A[1]). Therefore the angels cannot exist in any great ~
61 1, 50 | apprehend. ~Therefore the angels are not in greater number
62 1, 50 | harmony, held ~that the angels, in so far as they are styled
63 1, 50 | divine message are styled angels; and ~again, even the powers
64 1, 50 | things to be designated as angels. ~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[50] A[
65 1, 50 | it must be said that the angels, even inasmuch as they are ~
66 1, 50 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: In the angels number is not that of discrete
67 1, 50 | the multiplication of the angels is not ~to be taken according
68 1, 50 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels differ in species?~Aquin.:
69 1, 50 | It would seem that the angels do not differ in species.
70 1, 50 | according to species. But all angels ~agree in what is noblest
71 1, 50 | intellectuality. ~Therefore all the angels are of one species.~Aquin.:
72 1, 50 | change a species. But the angels ~seem to differ only from
73 1, 50 | intellect. Therefore the ~angels do not differ specifically.~
74 1, 50 | species. So therefore are the ~angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[50] A[
75 1, 50 | Therefore there are many angels of one ~species.~Aquin.:
76 1, 50 | iii, text 2). But in the angels even of the one order there
77 1, 50 | Ang. x). Therefore the ~angels are not of the same species.~
78 1, 50 | Others, again, that all the angels are of the one ~species,
79 1, 50 | others allege that all the angels of one ~hierarchy, or even
80 1, 50 | materially. If, ~therefore, the angels be not composed of matter
81 1, 50 | it is impossible for two angels to be of ~one species; just
82 1, 50 | substances. And if the ~angels had matter, not even then
83 1, 50 | then could there be several angels of one species. For it would
84 1, 50 | and in like manner all the angels differ in ~species according
85 1, 50 | air: and in this way the angels are diversified ~according
86 1, 50 | to be multiplied in ~the angels than for individuals to
87 1, 50 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels are incorruptible?~Aquin.:
88 1, 50 | It would seem that the angels are not incorruptible; for ~
89 1, 50 | be ~understood to be the angels. Therefore the angels are
90 1, 50 | the angels. Therefore the angels are corruptible by ~their
91 1, 50 | corruptible. Therefore, since the ~angels were made by God, it would
92 1, 50 | necessarily be maintained that the angels are ~incorruptible of their
93 1, 50 | being, as happens in the angels, as was said above (A[2]),
94 1, 50 | Contra Maxim. iii). The angels obtain perfect ~immutability
95 1, 50 | that all ~things, even the angels, would lapse into nothing,
96 1, 50 | principle of ~corruption in the angels; but that the nature of
97 1, 50 | but that the nature of the angels is dependent ~upon God as
98 1, 51 | Out. Para. 1/2 - OF THE ANGELS IN COMPARISON WITH BODIES (
99 1, 51 | We next inquire about the angels in comparison with corporeal
100 1, 51 | bodies; secondly, of ~the angels in comparison with corporeal
101 1, 51 | of inquiry:~(1) Whether angels have bodies naturally united
102 1, 51 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels have bodies naturally united
103 1, 51 | OBJ 1: It would seem that angels have bodies naturally united
104 1, 51 | the nature of demons and angels is the same. Therefore angels
105 1, 51 | angels is the same. Therefore angels have bodies ~naturally united
106 1, 51 | body and soul. Therefore angels ~have bodies naturally united
107 1, 51 | life is more perfect in the angels than in souls. But ~the
108 1, 51 | the body. Therefore the angels ~animate bodies which are
109 1, 51 | Div. Nom. iv) that "the angels are ~understood to be incorporeal."~
110 1, 51 | 1/1~I answer that, The angels have not bodies naturally
111 1, 51 | bodies, and these we call ~angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[51] A[
112 1, 51 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether angels assume bodies?~Aquin.: SMT
113 1, 51 | OBJ 1: It would seem that angels do not assume bodies. For
114 1, 51 | would be superfluous for the angels to ~assume bodies, because
115 1, 51 | all bodies moved by the angels are assumed ~by them. Therefore
116 1, 51 | by them. Therefore the angels do not assume bodies.~Aquin.:
117 1, 51 | Para. 1/1 ~OBJ 3: Further, angels do not assume bodies from
118 1, 51 | or color. Therefore the angels do not assume bodies.~Aquin.:
119 1, 51 | says (De Civ. Dei xvi) that angels appeared ~to Abraham under
120 1, 51 | have maintained that the angels never assume ~bodies, but
121 1, 51 | Scripture of apparitions of angels ~happened in prophetic vision -
122 1, 51 | time to time ~introduces angels so apparent as to be seen
123 1, 51 | commonly by all; just as the ~angels who appeared to Abraham
124 1, 51 | Consequently, since the angels are not bodies, nor have
125 1, 51 | 1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Angels need an assumed body, not
126 1, 51 | life to come. Moreover that angels assumed bodies under the
127 1, 51 | bodies are so fashioned by ~angels as fittingly to represent
128 1, 51 | the clouds. Even so the angels assume bodies of ~air, condensing
129 1, 51 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels exercise functions of life
130 1, 51 | It would seem that the angels exercise functions of life
131 1, 51 | pretence is unbecoming in angels of truth. But it ~would
132 1, 51 | functions. Therefore the ~angels exercise functions of life
133 1, 51 | Further, in the works of the angels there is nothing without
134 1, 51 | says (De Anima ii). But the angels are ~manifestly seen to
135 1, 51 | Abraham walked with" the angels, who had appeared to him, ~"
136 1, 51 | thereof." Therefore the angels often exercise functions
137 1, 51 | of Sacred Scripture that ~angels spoke in assumed bodies.
138 1, 51 | life ~(Lk. 24). Now when angels appeared in their assumed
139 1, 51 | Gn. 18). Therefore the angels exercise functions of life
140 1, 51 | But this has befallen ~the angels in their assumed bodies;
141 1, 51 | 6:4). Consequently ~the angels exercised vital functions
142 1, 51 | contrary, The bodies assumed by angels have no life, as was ~stated
143 1, 51 | in assumed ~bodies by the angels, as to that which is common
144 1, 51 | to the truth of the holy angels that through their assumed ~
145 1, 51 | properties and works of the angels may be manifested by the
146 1, 51 | lead us to men, ~and not to angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[51] A[
147 1, 51 | no way be said that the angels perceive through the organs
148 1, 51 | spiritual powers of the angels may be made ~manifest; just
149 1, 51 | the bodies assumed by the angels are not thus moved, since
150 1, 51 | not thus moved, since the ~angels are not their forms. Yet
151 1, 51 | not their forms. Yet the angels are moved accidentally,
152 1, 51 | He is everywhere; yet the angels are ~moved accidentally
153 1, 51 | Properly speaking, the angels do not talk through their ~
154 1, 51 | Properly speaking, the angels cannot be said to eat, ~
155 1, 51 | eating. But the food taken by angels ~was neither changed into
156 1, 51 | deny it. But God's ~holy angels could not fall in such fashion
157 1, 52 | Out. Para. 1/1 - OF THE ANGELS IN RELATION TO PLACE (THREE
158 1, 52 | inquire into the place of the angels. Touching this there are ~
159 1, 52 | at once?~(3) Can several angels be in the same place?~Aquin.:
160 1, 52 | Breviary]: "Let Thy holy angels who dwell herein, keep us
161 1, 52 | no such ~quantity in the angels, for theirs is a virtual
162 1, 52 | Orth. ii) that "while the ~angels are in heaven, they are
163 1, 52 | Para. 1/1~Whether several angels can be at the same time
164 1, 52 | would seem that several angels can be at the same time
165 1, 52 | fill the place. But the angels do not fill a place, ~because
166 1, 52 | 52,58). Therefore several angels can ~be in the one place.~
167 1, 52 | than there is between two angels. But an angel and a body
168 1, 52 | Much more, ~then, can two angels be in the same place.~Aquin.:
169 1, 52 | reason there are not two angels in the same place.~Aquin.:
170 1, 52 | that, There are not two angels in the same place. The reason
171 1, 52 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Several angels are not hindered from being
172 1, 53 | THE LOCAL MOVEMENT OF THE ANGELS (THREE ARTICLES)~We must
173 1, 53 | the local movement of the angels; under which ~heading there
174 1, 53 | because of want. But the holy angels ~have no want. Therefore
175 1, 53 | want. Therefore the holy angels are not moved locally.~Aquin.:
176 1, 54 | OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES)~After considering
177 1, 54 | intelligence?~(4) Is there in the angels an active and a passive
178 1, 54 | writings, Dionysius styles angels "intellects" and "minds."
179 1, 54 | Coel. Hier. xi) that "the angels are ~divided into substance,
180 1, 54 | necessities is absent from the angels. They are ~neither sometimes
181 1, 54 | is not generated in the angels, ~but is present naturally.
182 1, 54 | intellectual knowledge in the angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[54] A[
183 1, 54 | that the knowledge of the angels is not exclusively ~intellectual.
184 1, 54 | Civ. Dei viii) that in the angels ~there is "life which understands
185 1, 54 | De Summo Bono) that the angels have learnt ~many things
186 1, 54 | same reason it is in the angels, since they are of ~the
187 1, 54 | and understands with the angels."~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[54] A[
188 1, 54 | parts of ~the body. Now the angels have no bodies naturally
189 1, 54 | soul. For ~this reason the angels are called "intellects"
190 1, 54 | such men as contended that angels and demons have bodies ~
191 1, 54 | can be attributed to ~the angels according to the likeness
192 1, 54 | through the senses: the angels likewise know single ~objects,
193 1, 54 | memory can be allowed in the angels, according as Augustine (
194 1, 55 | points of inquiry:~(1) Do the angels know everything by their
195 1, 55 | things?~(3) Do the higher angels know by more universal species
196 1, 55 | species than the lower ~angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[55] A[
197 1, 55 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels know all things by their
198 1, 55 | It would seem that the angels know all things by their
199 1, 55 | Div. Nom. vii) that "the angels, according to the ~proper
200 1, 55 | without matter, such as the angels, the ~medium whereby the
201 1, 55 | Div. Nom. iv) that "the angels are ~enlightened by the
202 1, 55 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels understand by species drawn
203 1, 55 | It would seem that the angels understand by species drawn
204 1, 55 | Div. Nom. vii) that the "angels do not ~gather their Divine
205 1, 55 | The species whereby the angels understand are not drawn ~
206 1, 55 | substances - that is, the angels - the power of understanding
207 1, 55 | substances - that is, the angels - are utterly free from
208 1, 55 | which are lower than the angels are so ~created that they
209 1, 55 | 1/1~Whether the higher angels understand by more universal
210 1, 55 | species than the ~lower angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[55] A[
211 1, 55 | would seem that the higher angels do not understand by more ~
212 1, 55 | universal species than the lower angels. For the universal, seemingly,
213 1, 55 | abstracted from particulars. But angels do not understand by ~species
214 1, 55 | therefore, the higher ~angels know by more universal species
215 1, 55 | Hier. xii) that the higher angels ~have a more universal knowledge
216 1, 55 | is ~said that the higher angels have more universal forms.~
217 1, 56 | into the knowledge of the angels with regard to the ~objects
218 1, 56 | Dionysius ~says that "the angels do not know their own powers" (
219 1, 56 | they," that is to say the ~angels, "knew their own powers":
220 1, 56 | this respect, that the ~angels do not know their own power
221 1, 56 | Divine Wisdom, Which to the angels is ~incomprehensible.~Aquin.:
222 1, 56 | subsisting without matter, as the angels are, there is nothing to ~
223 1, 56 | be known by the existing ~angels; or else he would have to
224 1, 56 | would follow that the higher angels could not know the lower, ~
225 1, 56 | spiritual natures of the angels are distinguished from ~
226 1, 56 | causality be admitted in the ~angels, this will suffice for one
227 1, 56 | God resolved to make more angels or ~more natures of things,
228 1, 56 | It would seem that the angels cannot know God by their
229 1, 56 | through a mirror belong to the angels, since ~they do not derive
230 1, 56 | Nom. vii). Therefore the angels cannot know God ~by their
231 1, 56 | 1/1~On the contrary, The angels are mightier in knowledge
232 1, 56 | Therefore much more so can ~the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[56] A[
233 1, 56 | 1/2~I answer that, The angels can have some knowledge
234 1, 57 | objects which are known by the angels. ~Under this heading there
235 1, 57 | inquiry:~(1) Whether the angels know the natures of material
236 1, 57 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels know material things?~Aquin.:
237 1, 57 | It would seem that the angels do not know material things.
238 1, 57 | cannot be the perfections of angels, since they are ~beneath
239 1, 57 | beneath them. Therefore the angels do not know material things.~
240 1, 57 | nor sensible vision in the angels, but only ~intellectual.
241 1, 57 | intellectual. Therefore the angels cannot know material things.~
242 1, 57 | which does not ~exist in angels. Therefore angels do not
243 1, 57 | exist in angels. Therefore angels do not know material things.~
244 1, 57 | among other creatures the ~angels are nearest to God, and
245 1, 57 | things pre-exist in the angels more ~simply and less materially
246 1, 57 | of such subject. But the angels are intellectual beings
247 1, 57 | His essence, so do the ~angels know them, forasmuch as
248 1, 57 | forasmuch as they are in the angels by their ~intelligible species.~
249 1, 57 | the ~intellect of man and angels, as the thing understood
250 1, 57 | OBJ 1: It would seem that angels do not know singulars. For
251 1, 57 | universals." Now, in the angels there is no ~power of understanding
252 1, 57 | what he does not know. But angels ~guard individual men, according
253 1, 57 | 90:11: "He hath given His angels ~charge over Thee." Consequently
254 1, 57 | Thee." Consequently the angels know singulars.~Aquin.:
255 1, 57 | Some have denied to the angels all knowledge of ~singulars.
256 1, 57 | things are administered by angels, ~according to Heb. 1:14: "
257 1, 57 | according to which the angels are stated to be the movers
258 1, 57 | imparted to them do the angels know things, not only as
259 1, 57 | keeping with the nature of the angels, ~as was said above (Q[55],
260 1, 57 | to their nature that the angels are ~likened to material
261 1, 57 | 3 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Angels know singulars by universal
262 1, 57 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether angels know the future?~Aquin.:
263 1, 57 | It would seem that the angels know future events. For
264 1, 57 | know future events. For angels are ~mightier in knowledge
265 1, 57 | Therefore much more do the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[57] A[
266 1, 57 | Therefore it appears that the ~angels know indifferently things
267 1, 57 | by reason of place. But angels know things which are distant ~
268 1, 57 | does ~not belong to the angels. But to know future events
269 1, 57 | are gods." Therefore the ~angels do not know future events.~
270 1, 57 | future ~events exists in the angels, and by so much the more
271 1, 57 | by ~God's revelation. The angels know the future in the same
272 1, 57 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether angels know secret thoughts?~Aquin.:
273 1, 57 | It would seem that the angels know secret thoughts. For
274 1, 57 | who rise shall be like the angels, as is stated ~(Mt. 22:30).
275 1, 57 | God does not belong to the angels. ~But it is proper to God
276 1, 57 | search the heart." Therefore angels do not ~know the secrets
277 1, 57 | pulse. Much more then can angels, or ~even demons, the more
278 1, 57 | not exist at all ~in the angels; while the second will remain,
279 1, 57 | will remain, and is in the angels now. ~Nevertheless the brightness
280 1, 57 | Since, ~therefore, the angels know corporeal things and
281 1, 57 | happens in brutes. Yet the angels do ~not necessarily know
282 1, 57 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels know the mysteries of grace?~
283 1, 57 | It would seem that the angels know mysteries of grace.
284 1, 57 | all mysteries. But ~the angels knew of it from the beginning;
285 1, 57 | godliness appeared ~unto angels*." [*Vulg.: 'Great is the
286 1, 57 | which . . . ~appeared unto angels.'] Therefore the angels
287 1, 57 | angels.'] Therefore the angels know the mysteries of grace.~
288 1, 57 | the Divine wisdom. But the angels behold God's wisdom, which
289 1, 57 | prophets are enlightened by the angels, as is clear ~from Dionysius (
290 1, 57 | the prophets." Therefore angels know ~the mysteries of grace.~
291 1, 57 | already. Yet even the ~highest angels seek out and learn mysteries
292 1, 57 | Is. ~63:1, where, on the angels asking, "Who is he who cometh
293 1, 57 | justice." Therefore the angels do not ~know mysteries of
294 1, 57 | species. By such knowledge the angels cannot know ~mysteries of
295 1, 57 | another knowledge of the angels, which renders them happy;
296 1, 57 | yet so that the higher angels ~beholding the Divine wisdom
297 1, 57 | communicate to the lower ~angels by enlightening them. Some
298 1, 57 | conditions. Thus not all the angels were instructed on all points ~
299 1, 57 | beginning; even the higher angels learned these afterwards,
300 1, 57 | Reply OBJ 2: Although the angels in bliss behold the Divine
301 1, 57 | more excellent way to the angels. And ~although God revealed
302 1, 58 | in Phys. iii, 6. But the angels' minds are moved ~by understanding,
303 1, 58 | Pt. 1:12): "On Whom the angels desire to look." Therefore
304 1, 58 | ad lit. ii): "Since the angels ~were created, in the eternity
305 1, 58 | heavenly intellects, the angels, have no intelligible ~potentiality
306 1, 58 | Word. For the ~bliss of the angels consists in such vision;
307 1, 58 | desire on the part of the angels does not exclude the ~object
308 1, 58 | by such knowledge as the angels have of things through the ~
309 1, 58 | knowledge wherewith the angels know things by ~innate species,
310 1, 58 | through another. But the angels know one thing through another;
311 1, 58 | Div. Nom. vii) that the "angels do not ~acquire Divine knowledge
312 1, 58 | A[1]; Q[55], A[1]), the angels ~hold that grade among spiritual
313 1, 58 | is the condition of the angels, because in the truths which ~
314 1, 58 | intellectual light, like the angels, then in the first aspect
315 1, 58 | knowledge. And in this way the angels know things in ~the Word.~
316 1, 58 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: The angels can syllogize, in the sense
317 1, 58 | Experience is affirmed of angels and demons simply by way ~
318 1, 58 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels understand by composing
319 1, 58 | It would seem that the angels understand by composing
320 1, 58 | the angelic mind; because angels ~apprehend different things
321 1, 58 | But in speaking to ~men, angels use affirmative and negative
322 1, 58 | Reply OBJ 3: The fact that angels use affirmative and negative
323 1, 58 | in the intellect of the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[58] A[
324 1, 58 | can be nescience in the angels. ~Therefore it seems there
325 1, 58 | error in the minds of the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[58] A[
326 1, 58 | is not the method of the angels; but through the (knowledge
327 1, 58 | every creature, the good angels form no judgments as to
328 1, 58 | while nescience is in the angels as ~regards things knowable,
329 1, 58 | evening" knowledge in the angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[58] A[
330 1, 58 | morning ~knowledge in the angels; because evening and morning
331 1, 58 | evening knowledge in the angels, for the same reason it ~
332 1, 58 | knowledge be admitted in the angels, ~because of the existence
333 1, 58 | divides the knowledge of the angels into morning and evening ~
334 1, 58 | is, to the enlightened angels, who are quite apart from
335 1, 58 | the evil spirits. The good angels, while knowing the ~creature,
336 1, 58 | following, in so far as the angels refer to ~God's praise their
337 1, 58 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: The angels themselves are also creatures.
338 1, 58 | day" the knowledge of the angels is to be understood, ~as
339 1, 58 | evening knowledge of the angels are one and the same.~Aquin.:
340 1, 58 | at the same time. But the angels are always using their morning ~
341 1, 58 | knowledge is that by ~which the angels know things in their proper
342 1, 58 | stated (Q[55], A[2]), the angels do not draw ~their knowledge
343 1, 58 | evening knowledge is ~in the angels in so far as they know the
344 1, 58 | knowledge, in so far as when the angels ~behold the Word, they know
345 1, 58 | classes of things known by the angels; so that the day's unit
346 1, 58 | morning knowledge in the angels; hence there is nothing
347 1, 58 | at the same time in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[58] A[
348 1, 59 | Para. 1/1 - THE WILL OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES)~In the next
349 1, 59 | concerning the will of the ~angels. In the first place we shall
350 1, 59 | Whether there is will in the angels?~(2) Whether the will of
351 1, 59 | Is there free-will in the angels?~(4) Is there an irascible
352 1, 59 | Whether there is will in the angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
353 1, 59 | there is no will in the angels. For as the ~Philosopher
354 1, 59 | there is no reason in the angels, but something higher than
355 1, 59 | there is no will in the angels, but something higher than
356 1, 59 | is no imperfection in the angels, ~especially in the blessed
357 1, 59 | object ~understood. Now the angels are immovable, since they
358 1, 59 | there is no will in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
359 1, 59 | Therefore ~there is will in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
360 1, 59 | necessarily place a will in the angels. In ~evidence thereof, it
361 1, 59 | Accordingly, since the angels by their intellect know
362 1, 59 | the same. Therefore in the angels, who are purely intellectual,
363 1, 59 | kind from existing in the angels, ~since such movement is
364 1, 59 | Para. 1/1~Whether in the angels the will differs from the
365 1, 59 | contrary, The will in the angels regards good things only,
366 1, 59 | Therefore the will of the angels is distinct from their intellect.~
367 1, 59 | 3~I answer that, In the angels the will is a special faculty
368 1, 59 | there is free-will in the angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
369 1, 59 | there is no free-will in the angels. For the ~act of free-will
370 1, 59 | can be no choice with the ~angels, because choice is "the
371 1, 59 | Ethic. iii, 3. But ~the angels' knowledge is not the result
372 1, 59 | is no ~free-will in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
373 1, 59 | alternatives. But in ~the angels on the part of their intellect
374 1, 59 | natural endowments of the angels belong to them ~according
375 1, 59 | less; because in the higher angels the ~intellectual nature
376 1, 59 | of man's dignity. But the angels' ~dignity surpasses that
377 1, 59 | more reason is it in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
378 1, 59 | is there free-will in the angels, and ~in a higher degree
379 1, 59 | Hence there is choice in the angels, yet not with ~the inquisitive
380 1, 59 | nobler manner in the higher angels ~than it does in the lower,
381 1, 59 | concupiscible appetite in the angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
382 1, 59 | concupiscible ~appetite in the angels. For Dionysius says (Div.
383 1, 59 | are of the same nature as angels; for sin has not altered
384 1, 59 | concupiscible appetite in the ~angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
385 1, 59 | good and to the wicked ~angels. Therefore there is an irascible
386 1, 59 | concupiscible appetite in ~the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
387 1, 59 | these virtues are in the angels. Therefore there is both
388 1, 59 | irascible appetite in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
389 1, 59 | which does not ~exist in angels. Consequently there is no
390 1, 59 | concupiscible ~appetite in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[59] A[
391 1, 59 | since there exists in the angels ~only an intellective appetite,
392 1, 59 | these things is said of the ~angels, as by way of passions;
393 1, 59 | they do not exist ~in the angels in this manner. For in them
394 1, 60 | LOVE OR DILECTION OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES)~The next
395 1, 60 | there is natural love in the angels?~(2) Whether there is in
396 1, 60 | love or dilection in the ~angels. For, natural love is contradistinguished
397 1, 60 | its own nature. ~Now the angels are not acted upon, but
398 1, 60 | no ~natural love in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[60] A[
399 1, 60 | natural knowledge in the angels. Therefore there is also
400 1, 60 | place natural love in the angels. In ~evidence of this we
401 1, 60 | is love of choice in the angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[60] A[
402 1, 60 | no love of choice in the angels. For ~love of choice appears
403 1, 60 | intellectual, which is proper to angels, as is said (Div. ~Nom.
404 1, 60 | no love of choice in the angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[60] A[
405 1, 60 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, the angels have only natural knowledge
406 1, 60 | only natural love in the angels. Therefore there is no love
407 1, 60 | But ~by their love the angels merit or demerit. Therefore
408 1, 60 | that, There exists in the angels a natural love, and a love
409 1, 60 | intellectual nature of the angels is perfect, only natural
410 1, 60 | have no love for ~the good angels. Therefore an angel does
411 1, 60 | stripped from the wicked angels, without their still ~retaining
412 1, 60 | affection towards the good angels, in so far as they ~share
413 1, 60 | charity is not natural to the angels; for "it is poured out ~
414 1, 60 | Dei xii, 9). Therefore the angels do not love God more than ~
415 1, 61 | OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF NATURAL
416 1, 61 | dealing with the nature of the angels, their knowledge and will, ~
417 1, 61 | creatures?~(4) Whether the angels were created in the empyrean
418 1, 61 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels have a cause of their existence?~
419 1, 61 | It would seem that the angels have no cause of their existence. ~
420 1, 61 | there is no mention of angels. Therefore the angels were
421 1, 61 | of angels. Therefore the angels were not created by ~God.~
422 1, 61 | being and unity." But the angels ~are immaterial forms, as
423 1, 61 | form from it. But since the angels are ~forms, they do not
424 1, 61 | any agent. Therefore the angels ~have no active cause.~Aquin.:
425 1, 61 | Praise ye Him, all His ~angels"; and further on, verse
426 1, 61 | It must be affirmed that angels and everything existing, ~
427 1, 61 | fire. Consequently ~the angels, of necessity, were made
428 1, 61 | Civ. Dei xi, 50) that the angels were ~not passed over in
429 1, 61 | Therefore He produced the angels from eternity.~Aquin.: SMT
430 1, 61 | shown above (A[1]), the ~angels were made by God. Therefore
431 1, 61 | Therefore at one time the angels were not.~Aquin.: SMT FP
432 1, 61 | fact that God produced the ~angels and other creatures by His
433 1, 61 | 3 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Angels and intelligent souls are
434 1, 61 | does not follow that the angels existed from eternity. ~(
435 1, 61 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels were created before the
436 1, 61 | It would seem that the angels were created before the
437 1, 61 | count the ages, in which the Angels, Thrones, Dominations, and
438 1, 61 | ii): "Some ~say that the angels were begotten before all
439 1, 61 | previously. Consequently the angels were not created before ~
440 1, 61 | probable one holds that the angels ~were created at the same
441 1, 61 | corporeal creatures. For the angels are ~part of the universe:
442 1, 61 | hold the creation of the angels to have taken place ~previously
443 1, 61 | one in matter; while the angels ~do not agree with them
444 1, 61 | but the creation of the angels does not involve creation
445 1, 61 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels were created in the empyrean
446 1, 61 | It would seem that the angels were not created in the
447 1, 61 | empyrean ~heaven. For the angels are incorporeal substances.
448 1, 61 | creation. Therefore the angels were ~not created in any
449 1, 61 | lit. iii, 10), that the ~angels were created in the upper
450 1, 61 | heaven. If ~therefore the angels were created in the empyrean
451 1, 61 | and which was filled with angels directly it was made."~Aquin.:
452 1, 61 | Hence it was fitting for the angels ~to be created in the highest
453 1, 61 | heaven is the heaven ~of the angels, explaining the passage
454 1, 61 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: The angels were created in a corporeal
455 1, 61 | not speaking of all ~the angels; but only of such as sinned,
456 1, 61 | saying that the higher angels, as having an exalted and
457 1, 61 | creature; while the other angels, as having more restricted ~
458 1, 62 | OF THE PERFECTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF GRACE AND
459 1, 62 | have to inquire how the angels were made in the order ~
460 1, 62 | of ~inquiry:~(1) Were the angels created in beatitude?~(2)
461 1, 62 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels were created in beatitude?~
462 1, 62 | It would seem that the angels were created in beatitude.
463 1, 62 | Eccl. Dogm. xxix) that "the angels who continue in the ~beatitude
464 1, 62 | they have." Therefore the angels were created in beatitude.~
465 1, 62 | Word. But the bliss of the angels comes of seeing the Word.
466 1, 62 | Word. Consequently ~the angels were in beatitude straightway
467 1, 62 | nature ~of beatitude. But the angels were not confirmed in good
468 1, 62 | shows this. Therefore the angels ~were not in beatitude from
469 1, 62 | natural dignity. ~But the angels did not have from the beginning
470 1, 62 | was not, but only when the angels became blessed by turning
471 1, 62 | 1/2~I answer that, The angels stood in need of grace in
472 1, 62 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels were created in grace?~Aquin.:
473 1, 62 | It would seem that the angels were not created in grace.
474 1, 62 | nature and glory. But the ~angels were not beatified in their
475 1, 62 | wrought the ~good will of the angels? Who, save Him Who created
476 1, 62 | some holding that the angels were created only in a natural
477 1, 62 | from the ~beginning the angels were created in grace.~Aquin.:
478 1, 62 | Such absence of form in the angels can be understood either ~
479 1, 62 | have maintained, that the angels merit beatitude by their
480 1, 62 | not ~retarded, then the angels were in beatitude in the
481 1, 62 | the beatific state of the angels is very far remote from ~
482 1, 62 | consequently equality with angels is promised to the saints. ~
483 1, 62 | various instants regarding the angels are not to be taken except
484 1, 62 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angels receive grace and glory
485 1, 62 | It would seem that the angels did not receive grace and
486 1, 62 | ii, ~D, 3) that "those angels who were created with more
487 1, 62 | beatitude were bestowed on the angels according to the ~degree
488 1, 62 | that God destined those angels for greater gifts of ~grace
489 1, 62 | reasonable to suppose that the angels who had a higher nature,
490 1, 62 | Hence it appears that the angels who ~had the greater natural
491 1, 62 | gifts is in one way in the angels, who ~are themselves different
492 1, 62 | intellective nature; but not in the angels. Consequently the argument
493 1, 62 | remain in the beatified angels?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[62] A[
494 1, 62 | remain in ~the beatified angels. For it is said (1 Cor.
495 1, 62 | suffice for the beatified angels. Therefore ~it would be
496 1, 62 | points. But the ~beatified angels are always exercising their
497 1, 62 | knowledge and love in the ~angels.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[62] A[
498 1, 62 | knowledge and love remain in the angels. For as ~principles of operations
499 1, 62 | lessened in ~the beatified angels. Therefore they can sin.~
500 1, 62 | that "there is in the ~holy angels that nature which cannot
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