Part, Question

 501   2, 7   |              politician he considers acts ~according as they are deserving
 502   2, 7   |               how, and when."~For in acts we must take note of "who"
 503   2, 7   |           stated above (Q[1], A[1]), acts are properly called ~human,
 504   2, 8   |           now consider the different acts of the will; and in the
 505   2, 8   |              the first ~place, those acts which belong to the will
 506   2, 8   |            the will; secondly, those acts which are commanded by the ~
 507   2, 8   |        therefore consider: (1) those acts of the will whereby it is
 508   2, 8   |          seems ~that there are three acts of the will in reference
 509   2, 8   |           powers to certain ~special acts. Moreover, every practical
 510   2, 8   |           Para. 1/1~On the contrary, Acts are diversified according
 511   2, 9   |               And since every ~agent acts for an end, as was shown
 512   2, 9   |          powers of the soul to their acts, for we make use of ~the
 513   2, 9   |             belongs, moves to ~their acts the arts or powers to which
 514   2, 9   |               1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Men's acts and choices are in reference
 515   2, 9   |             truth about future human acts, which are caused by the
 516   2, 9   |            are not the causes of our acts." But they would be, if
 517   2, 9   |            is the principle of human acts, were moved by the heavenly
 518   2, 9   |     sensitive powers, since they are acts of ~bodily organs, can be
 519   2, 9   |            bodies being moved, whose acts they are.~Aquin.: SMT FS
 520   2, 9   |              predictions about human acts, gathered from the observation
 521   2, 11  |            the other powers to their acts. Wherefore it is clear that ~
 522   2, 11  |              1/1~OBJ 3: Further, the acts of the will reflect on one
 523   2, 12  |            Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, acts are distinct according to
 524   2, 12  |            an end belongs to one who acts for an end; ~since to intend
 525   2, 13  |             We must now consider the acts of the will with regard
 526   2, 13  |              observe, as regards the acts of the soul, that an act ~
 527   2, 13  |             only in respect of human acts. ~For choice regards the
 528   2, 13  |             the means. Now, not only acts, but also the organs, ~are
 529   2, 13  |           only concerned with ~human acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[13] A[
 530   2, 13  |             not concerned with human acts alone.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
 531   2, 13  |             not concerned with human acts alone.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
 532   2, 13  |            always in regard to human acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[13] A[
 533   2, 14  |              1~Reply OBJ 1: When the acts of two powers are ordained
 534   2, 14  |            way, one cause, since one acts through the ~other; thus
 535   2, 14  |       something in relation to human acts admits of no doubt, arises ~
 536   2, 15  |             Reply OBJ 3: The man who acts through passion is able
 537   2, 15  |          powers to produce voluntary acts. Therefore the higher ~reason
 538   2, 16  |            is the principle of human acts. Therefore ~use is not an
 539   2, 16  |           the soul's powers to their acts, ~and this is to apply them
 540   2, 16  |               another. And since the acts of the will react on one
 541   2, 16  |    consenting and choosing. And such acts as are ordained to that ~
 542   2, 17  |              Out. Para. 1/1 - OF THE ACTS COMMANDED BY THE WILL (NINE
 543   2, 17  |             We must now consider the acts commanded by the will; under
 544   2, 17  |           commanded?~(9) Whether the acts of the external members
 545   2, 17  |            take note that, since the acts ~of the reason and of the
 546   2, 17  |        command of reason; ~since the acts of these powers react on
 547   2, 17  |             command ~itself. For the acts of different powers are
 548   2, 17  |              and body); so, in human acts, the act of a ~lower power
 549   2, 17  |            so far as the lower power acts in virtue of the higher
 550   2, 17  |      ordained to one another, ~their acts are diverse simply. But
 551   2, 17  |            of the ~other, then their acts are, in a way, one: since "
 552   2, 17  |            commanded. But if all the acts of the will are commanded,
 553   2, 17  |             to our command. ~But the acts of the will, most of all,
 554   2, 17  |            our power; since all our ~acts are said to be in our power,
 555   2, 17  |            voluntary. ~Therefore the acts of the will are commanded
 556   2, 17  |             by our ~command. But the acts of the reason are accomplished
 557   2, 17  |             approves." Therefore the acts ~of the reason can be commanded.~
 558   2, 17  |              just as it directs the ~acts of other powers, so can
 559   2, 17  |             in ~respect of which two acts of the reason have to be
 560   2, 17  |             power ~reacts on its own acts, and from one thing tends
 561   2, 17  |            according to the ~various acts of the sensitive appetite.~
 562   2, 17  |               It would seem that the acts of the vegetal soul are
 563   2, 17  |             are awarded only to such acts as are ~subject to the command
 564   2, 17  |        command of reason. But in the acts of the nutritive and ~generative
 565   2, 17  |              virtues. Therefore ~the acts of these powers are subject
 566   2, 17  |              1/1~I answer that, Some acts proceed from the natural
 567   2, 17  |  apprehensive power. Wherefore those acts that ~proceed from the intellective
 568   2, 17  |            by ~reason: but not those acts that proceed from the natural
 569   2, 17  |          appetite. And ~such are the acts of the vegetal soul; wherefore
 570   2, 17  |            powers." Consequently the acts of the vegetal ~soul are
 571   2, 17  |              the very fact that ~the acts of the vegetal soul do not
 572   2, 17  |              blame do not affect the acts ~themselves of the nutritive
 573   2, 17  |            body; but they affect the acts of the sensitive ~part,
 574   2, 17  |             that are ordained to the acts of generation and nutrition;
 575   2, 17  |          Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the acts of the external members
 576   2, 17  |             obey reason as ~to their acts. For it is evident that
 577   2, 18  |           THE GOOD AND EVIL OF HUMAN ACTS, IN GENERAL (ELEVEN ARTICLES)~
 578   2, 18  |           the good and evil of human acts. First, how a human ~act
 579   2, 18  |           the good and evil of human acts, in general; the second,
 580   2, 18  |            good and evil of internal acts; the third, of the good
 581   2, 18  |           good and evil of ~external acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[18] Out.
 582   2, 18  |              Div. Nom. iv) that evil acts not, save in ~virtue of
 583   2, 18  |              OBJ 2: Further, nothing acts except in so far as it is
 584   2, 18  |            ix, 9. Therefore ~nothing acts in so far as it is evil,
 585   2, 18  |          Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Evil acts in virtue of deficient goodness.
 586   2, 18  |              3) that a virtuous man ~acts as he should, and when he
 587   2, 18  |            the ~matter of each vice, acts when he should not, or where
 588   2, 18  |               Nom. iv) that "nothing acts with a ~view to evil." If
 589   2, 18  |            good in view of which one acts is not always a true ~good;
 590   2, 18  |            Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, acts that differ in species produce
 591   2, 18  |            Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, acts that differ in species,
 592   2, 18  |          objects of their particular acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[18] A[
 593   2, 19  |  Consequently good and evil will are acts differing ~in species. Now
 594   2, 19  |           the specific difference in acts is according to objects, ~
 595   2, 19  |       Therefore good and evil in the acts of the ~will is derived
 596   2, 19  |         principle of human and moral acts, as stated above (Q[18],
 597   2, 19  |             any other power. But the acts of the other powers derive
 598   2, 19  |        goodness and ~malice of other acts may depend on several things.~
 599   2, 19  |                as they differ in the acts of the other powers; except
 600   2, 19  |               since the second cause acts only in virtue of the first.
 601   2, 19  |          according as a man wills or acts ~intensely; and this is
 602   2, 19  |            way: because the interior acts of the will are in our power, ~
 603   2, 19  |              follow that he wills or acts intensely; because the quantity
 604   2, 20  |           the ~internal and external acts, are ordained to one another.
 605   2, 20  |           the interior and external ~acts are one and the same, as
 606   2, 21  |            to the user. Now when man acts he is the instrument of
 607   2, 22  |       appetite, they signify ~simple acts of the will having like
 608   2, 22  |              of our weakness, ~their acts bear a certain resemblance
 609   2, 23  |             1/1~On the contrary, The acts of the different powers
 610   2, 23  |              same matter; so ~in the acts of the soul, those that
 611   2, 23  |             but also in genus, while acts and passions regarding ~
 612   2, 24  |            Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, acts and passions take their
 613   2, 24  |              been ~said in regard to acts (Q[18], AA[5],6; Q[20],
 614   2, 28  |            other hand, ~he wills and acts for his friend's sake as
 615   2, 28  |             answer that, Every agent acts for an end, as stated above (
 616   2, 31  |             outward matter, they are acts or perfections ~of the agent,
 617   2, 31  |             a specific difference in acts and ~passions, as stated
 618   2, 34  |       becoming" and movement are the acts of something ~imperfect,
 619   2, 35  |          reason reflect on their own acts, inasmuch ~as the acts themselves
 620   2, 35  |           own acts, inasmuch ~as the acts themselves of the will and
 621   2, 35  |            of apprehension, to whose acts ~weariness is incidental;
 622   2, 41  |     principle. In this way, even the acts of the ~apprehensive power,
 623   2, 46  |          Ethic. viii, 6) that "anger acts with sorrow." But evil is
 624   2, 46  |              being caused by several acts. But anger is caused by
 625   2, 47  |             himself is concerned, he acts against God in two ways. ~
 626   2, 48  |               vii, 6, "everyone that acts from anger, acts with pain."
 627   2, 48  |       everyone that acts from anger, acts with pain." Therefore ~anger
 628   2, 48  |            execution of its act, the acts of which powers are hindered
 629   2, 48  |          ought to do, but because he acts openly, without thought
 630   2, 48  |     friendships . . . and speaks and acts openly." ~Desire, on the
 631   2, 49  |              After treating of human acts and passions, we now pass
 632   2, 49  |              the principles of human acts, and firstly of intrinsic ~
 633   2, 49  |             the ~principles of human acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[49] Out.
 634   2, 49  |              an act. For ~everything acts according as it is in act.
 635   2, 49  |            habits, are principles of acts. Therefore there was no
 636   2, 50  |          operations: whence "by like acts like habits ~are formed" (
 637   2, 50  |             ordained to their ~fixed acts, according to the disposition
 638   2, 50  |             all the ~powers to their acts, as stated above (Q[9],
 639   2, 51  |       Whether any habit is caused by acts?~(3) Whether any habit can
 640   2, 51  |       Whether any habit is caused by acts?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[51] A[
 641   2, 51  |           that no habit is caused by acts. For habit is a ~quality,
 642   2, 51  |           the ~agent, inasmuch as it acts, does not receive but rather
 643   2, 51  |        caused in an agent by its own acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[51] A[
 644   2, 51  |           latter produces more noble acts. Therefore habit ~cannot
 645   2, 51  |        virtue and vice are caused by acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[51] A[
 646   2, 51  |             act, as ~we see in human acts. For the acts of the appetitive
 647   2, 51  |           see in human acts. For the acts of the appetitive power
 648   2, 51  |       proposition. Wherefore by such acts habits can be caused in ~
 649   2, 51  |              agent; wherefore if the acts be multiplied a certain ~
 650   2, 51  |        appetitive power ~by repeated acts, and as the understanding
 651   2, 51  |               1/1~OBJ 2: Further, as acts happen to increase by multiplication
 652   2, 51  |         caused by multiplication ~of acts. Therefore also if an act
 653   2, 51  |          needs to be caused by many ~acts of the reason, even on the
 654   2, 51  |        apprehensive powers, the same acts need to be repeated many
 655   2, 51  |           naturally caused in man by acts, as we have said above (
 656   2, 51  |        habits to be in man except by acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[51] A[
 657   2, 51  |             that ~habit perform many acts. But "from those acts a
 658   2, 51  |           many acts. But "from those acts a like habit is caused" ~(
 659   2, 51  |             3 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Acts produced by an infused habit,
 660   2, 52  |             effect is increased. Now acts are causes of ~habits, as
 661   2, 52  |            habit increases when ~its acts are multiplied.~Aquin.:
 662   2, 52  |              be formed. But all ~the acts proceeding from one and
 663   2, 52  |              1,2). Therefore if some acts increase a habit, every
 664   2, 52  |      according to Ethic. ii, 2, some acts lessen the habit whence
 665   2, 52  |             1/3~I answer that, "Like acts cause like habits" (Ethic.
 666   2, 52  |              body. So, too, repeated acts cause a habit to ~grow.
 667   2, 53  |            and corrupted by contrary acts (Ethic. ii, 2).~Aquin.:
 668   2, 53  |           need to be counteracted by acts ~proceeding from those habits,
 669   2, 54  |           the same thing, viz. their acts and objects. ~Therefore
 670   2, 54  |            be the subject of several acts or ~perfections specifically
 671   2, 54  |              inclining that power to acts of a determinate ~species.
 672   2, 54  |              specifically ~different acts, can belong to one power.~
 673   2, 54  |               specific difference of acts, and consequently of habits
 674   2, 54  |           vice versa. Wherefore the ~acts and habits of different
 675   2, 54  |              specifically different ~acts. Consequently there is nothing
 676   2, 54  |            power cannot have several acts at the same time, ~except
 677   2, 54  |           Para. 1/1~On the contrary, Acts differ in species according
 678   2, 54  |          habits are dispositions ~to acts. Therefore habits also are
 679   2, 54  |              objects of the internal acts, with which, above all,
 680   2, 54  |         unsuitable to nature. Thus, ~acts of virtue are suitable to
 681   2, 54  |        according to ~reason, whereas acts of vice are discordant from
 682   2, 54  |             by little out of several acts, as stated above (Q[51],
 683   2, 55  |          virtues are not habits, but acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
 684   2, 55  |            are determinate to their ~acts; for instance, the active
 685   2, 55  |              they are determinate to acts ~by means of habits, as
 686   2, 55  |       running; and thus we merit by ~acts. Secondly, we are said to
 687   2, 55  |            action, since ~everything acts in so far as it is in act.~
 688   2, 56  |            habits are known by their acts. But one act proceeds in
 689   2, 56  |             the will ~moves to their acts all those other powers that
 690   2, 56  |            OBJ 3: Further, all human acts, to which virtues are ordained,
 691   2, 56  |            in respect of some ~human acts, in like manner there will
 692   2, 56  |             in respect ~of all human acts. Either, therefore, there
 693   2, 57  |         habits do not consider human acts or other human goods, by ~
 694   2, 57  |            there can be merit in the acts of these habits, if they
 695   2, 57  |              is said to be about its acts: and in this sense the ~
 696   2, 57  |             happy; ~both because the acts of these virtues can be
 697   2, 57  |   differentiating powers, habits and acts in respect of ~their objects,
 698   2, 57  |             principles. Now in human acts the end is what the principles
 699   2, 57  |             right reason about human acts themselves: hence it is
 700   2, 57  |             ordained to the end, are acts ~of the reason. Consequently
 701   2, 57  |            act. Now there ~are three acts of reason in respect of
 702   2, 57  |             two ~correspond to those acts of the speculative intellect,
 703   2, 58  |            accustom ourselves to the acts of all the virtues. Therefore
 704   2, 58  |              of ~choosing: since the acts of any virtue can be done
 705   2, 58  |              in which sense we read (Acts 15:1): ~"Except you be circumcised
 706   2, 58  |             all the powers to their ~acts, as explained above (Q[9],
 707   2, 58  |     appetitive faculty: although the acts of other habits also ~may
 708   2, 58  |         first principle of all human acts; and whatever other principles
 709   2, 58  |            other principles of human acts may be found, they obey
 710   2, 58  |              the ~principle of human acts, in so far as it partakes
 711   2, 59  |         resulting from their ~proper acts. For every virtuous man
 712   2, 59  |             virtuous man rejoices in acts of virtue, and ~sorrows
 713   2, 59  |              exercising their proper acts. Wherefore just as virtue
 714   2, 59  |          limbs to their due external acts, so does it direct the sensitive ~
 715   2, 60  |           virtue to direct all moral acts, viz. prudence. Therefore ~
 716   2, 60  |             virtue to give all moral acts their ~respective inclinations.~
 717   2, 60  |        justice, ~which directs human acts to the common good, does
 718   2, 60  |             since it directs all the acts ~of the virtues to its own
 719   2, 60  |            Further, the passions are acts or movements of the sensitive ~
 720   2, 60  |           differentiate habits than ~acts. Hence diverse objects which
 721   2, 61  |             found chiefly in certain acts ~and passions. Thus the
 722   2, 61  |           his passions on the curb, ~acts, not from passion but from
 723   2, 62  |        precepts of the Law are about acts of virtue. Now ~the Divine
 724   2, 62  |          contains precepts about the acts of faith, hope, and ~charity:
 725   2, 62  |            hope charity, as to their acts: because habits are all ~
 726   2, 62  |             regards their respective acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
 727   2, 63  |         certain sensitive powers are acts of certain parts of the
 728   2, 63  |            in the ~exercise of their acts, and, in consequence, the
 729   2, 63  |            habits are caused by evil acts. Much ~more, therefore,
 730   2, 63  |             habits be caused by good acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[63] A[
 731   2, 63  |            production of habits from acts; and speaking now in a special ~
 732   2, 63  |        reason can be caused by human acts: ~inasmuch as such acts
 733   2, 63  |              acts: ~inasmuch as such acts proceed from reason, by
 734   2, 63  |           cannot ~be caused by human acts, the principle of which
 735   2, 63  |            virtue. Accordingly human acts, in so far as they proceed
 736   2, 63  |              be ~caused in us by our acts, as stated above (A[2]).
 737   2, 63  |            end. Now human habits and acts are specified, not by their
 738   2, 63  |            habits are known by their acts. But the act of infused ~
 739   2, 63  |          wherefore their ~respective acts are not identical.~Aquin.:
 740   2, 63  |           those that are acquired by acts. But the ~case is not so
 741   2, 65  |           caused by the exercise of ~acts, as is proved in Ethic.
 742   2, 65  |             exercise himself in the ~acts of one virtue, without exercising
 743   2, 65  |            exercising himself in the acts of some other ~virtue. Therefore
 744   2, 65  |           acquired by means of human acts, as ~stated in Ethic. ii,
 745   2, 65  |         cannot be acquired by human ~acts, but are infused by God.
 746   2, 65  |          contains precepts about all acts of ~virtue, as stated in
 747   2, 65  |             remaining from previous ~acts. This difficulty does not
 748   2, 65  |        virtue: ~because the repeated acts by which they are acquired,
 749   2, 65  |         experience difficulty in the acts of those virtues, for the ~
 750   2, 66  |            the other powers to their acts, as stated above (Q[56], ~
 751   2, 66  |             takes no notice of human acts, whereby man attains ~happiness.
 752   2, 67  |            corrupted: since they are acts of bodily organs. Therefore
 753   2, 67  |           sensitive powers which are acts ~of bodily organs, viz.
 754   2, 67  |               which is ~God. But the acts of the moral virtues are
 755   2, 67  |        punished. Filial fear has two acts: one is an act of ~reverence
 756   2, 67  |           OBJ 2: Further, habits and acts are differentiated by their
 757   2, 68  |            the gifts perfect man for acts which are higher than acts ~
 758   2, 68  |           acts which are higher than acts ~of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT
 759   2, 68  |        Therefore they are not merely acts or passions but abiding ~
 760   2, 68  |            Holy Ghost, that ~he also acts himself, in so far as he
 761   2, 68  |           are of no use, where their acts are impossible. Now ~the
 762   2, 68  |             are impossible. Now ~the acts of some gifts are not possible
 763   2, 68  |           will have their respective acts about things pertaining
 764   2, 68  |           comparison to their proper acts as proceeding from ~their
 765   2, 68  |              perfect man for all the acts of the soul's powers, even ~
 766   2, 68  |           them in relation to ~their acts as proceeding from their
 767   2, 69  |           the gifts ~and virtues, as acts are ascribed to habits.
 768   2, 69  |              to make progress in the acts of the virtues and gifts,
 769   2, 69  |          directly connected with the acts ~of knowledge or counsel.
 770   2, 69  |           Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: The acts of the gifts which belong
 771   2, 69  |     indicated in the merits: but the acts of the gifts pertaining
 772   2, 69  |        beatitudes do not include the acts of those gifts ~which direct
 773   2, 69  |             in the active life, such acts, to wit, as are elicited ~
 774   2, 69  |             include those ~operative acts of which the gifts have
 775   2, 69  |             are some who recede from acts of justice, and instead
 776   2, 70  |         fruits of the Holy Ghost are acts?~(2) Whether they differ
 777   2, 70  |             enumerates (Gal. ~5) are acts?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[70] A[
 778   2, 70  |               Gal. 5:22,23), are not acts. For that which bears fruit, ~
 779   2, 70  |        anything corresponding to the acts of wisdom, and of many other ~
 780   2, 70  |          various species of virtuous acts, but as various degrees
 781   2, 70  |     mentioned. Nevertheless, all the acts of the gifts and virtues ~
 782   2, 70  |  above-mentioned ways. Wherefore the acts of wisdom and of any gifts ~
 783   2, 71  |        senses ~that man accomplishes acts of reason, hence there are
 784   2, 71  |           more ~lasting than vicious acts, that pass forthwith. Therefore
 785   2, 71  |      virtually the cause of many bad acts. Therefore a vicious habit ~
 786   2, 71  |            OBJ 2: A habit is several acts, not simply, but in a certain ~
 787   2, 71  |         virtue, just as sin excludes acts of ~virtue.~Aquin.: SMT
 788   2, 71  |            soul do not produce their acts of necessity; ~hence the
 789   2, 71  |             else the circumstantial ~acts and occasions would be essential
 790   2, 71  |              commands all ~voluntary acts, in which alone is sin to
 791   2, 71  |           alone. But ~since external acts also pertain to the substance
 792   2, 72  |     according to ~their objects. For acts are said to be good or evil,
 793   2, 72  |          evil in the genus of ~human acts. Therefore sins differ specifically
 794   2, 72  |              various ~objects: since acts differ by their objects,
 795   2, 72  |              the sinner, for "no one acts ~intending evil," as Dionysius
 796   2, 72  |           the part of the ~voluntary acts rather than of the inordinateness
 797   2, 72  |      inherent to sin. Now ~voluntary acts differ in species according
 798   2, 72  |              their objects of their ~acts rather than according to
 799   2, 72  |              determined to the same ~acts; so that the different species
 800   2, 72  |         different species of natural acts are taken not only ~from
 801   2, 72  |           the ends or terms of those acts, but also ~from their active
 802   2, 72  |              principles in voluntary acts, such as the acts of sins,
 803   2, 72  |          voluntary acts, such as the acts of sins, are not ~determined,
 804   2, 72  |             18], AA[4],6) that human acts take their species from
 805   2, 72  |              principles in voluntary acts, not being ~determined to
 806   2, 72  |              the production of human acts, ~unless the will be determined
 807   2, 72  |              in relation to external acts, have the character ~of
 808   2, 72  |       intended by him that merits or acts ~virtually; whereas the
 809   2, 72  |        object. Hence we find certain acts differing from one ~another
 810   2, 72  |              Further, sins are human acts. But human acts sometimes
 811   2, 72  |            are human acts. But human acts sometimes take their ~species
 812   2, 73  |             intention of the man who acts according to virtue in ~
 813   2, 73  |               virtue; though if such acts be repeated so as to engender
 814   2, 73  |             prudence, since when man acts against any ~virtue whatever,
 815   2, 73  |             any ~virtue whatever, he acts against prudence, without
 816   2, 73  |             inclinations to virtuous acts, which inclinations, however, ~
 817   2, 73  |           reason, ~which is to human acts what a linear rule is in
 818   2, 73  |           attaches to sins ~in human acts, the graver the sin. Now
 819   2, 73  |             All the objects of human acts are related to one another, ~
 820   2, 73  |        another, ~wherefore all human acts are somewhat of one kind,
 821   2, 73  |             principal ~ends of human acts are God, man himself, and
 822   2, 74  |             71], AA[1],6). Now some ~acts pass into external matter,
 823   2, 74  |             and "to burn": and such ~acts have for their matter and
 824   2, 74  |           the other hand, ~there are acts which do not pass into external
 825   2, 74  |               and such are all moral acts, ~whether virtuous or sinful.
 826   2, 74  |         since it is ~proper to moral acts that they are voluntary,
 827   2, 74  |              principle of ~voluntary acts, both of good acts, and
 828   2, 74  |         voluntary acts, both of good acts, and of evil acts or sins,
 829   2, 74  |            of good acts, and of evil acts or sins, is the ~principle
 830   2, 74  |             no sin at ~all." Now the acts of the other powers are
 831   2, 74  |        subject of sin. Now voluntary acts are not only ~those which
 832   2, 74  |          which can be moved to their acts, or restrained ~from their
 833   2, 74  |            or restrained ~from their acts, by the will; and these
 834   2, 74  |          Polit. i, 3. ~Moreover, the acts of the external members
 835   2, 74  |             we were treating of the ~acts of the will and reason,
 836   2, 74  |           directs not only external ~acts, but also internal passions.
 837   2, 74  |            it is ~evident that human acts can be regulated by the
 838   2, 74  |           comes last; and, in ~human acts, the action itself comes
 839   2, 74  |            mortally; since ~even the acts of the lower powers and
 840   2, 74  |         always sins mortally, if the acts of the lower powers to which
 841   2, 75  |              internal cause of human acts, one remote, the other proximate.
 842   2, 75  |           true that all the internal acts belong to the ~substance
 843   2, 75  |         voluntary act. Now voluntary acts belong to principles that
 844   2, 75  |              multiplied, the ~sinful acts are multiplied, because
 845   2, 75  |            another like act: because acts cause ~dispositions and
 846   2, 75  |             habits inclining to like acts. Secondly, after the ~manner
 847   2, 76  |             far as it ~directs human acts.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[76] A[
 848   2, 76  |             the reason directs human acts in accordance ~with a twofold
 849   2, 76  |             acquire knowledge by his acts, whereas grace is ~not acquired
 850   2, 76  |            grace is ~not acquired by acts, but by God's favor.~Aquin.:
 851   2, 76  |     ignorance is accidental in human acts. ~But what is accidental
 852   2, 76  |           through ignorance in human acts, should be deemed sinful
 853   2, 77  |           matters of action, passion acts counter to universal knowledge,
 854   2, 78  |             the principles ~of human acts are the intellect, and the
 855   2, 78  |          even as sin occurs in human acts, ~sometimes through a defect
 856   2, 78  |           Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, "Acts proceeding from habits are
 857   2, 78  |             from habits are like the acts by which ~those habits were
 858   2, 78  |             Ethic. ii, 1,2). But the acts which precede a ~vicious
 859   2, 78  |            who has a ~vicious habit, acts, not from that habit, but
 860   2, 78  |             2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Acts proceeding from habits are
 861   2, 78  |           are of like species as the acts ~from which those habits
 862   2, 79  |          stated above (Q[72], A[1]), acts and habits do not take ~
 863   2, 79  |             a respecter of persons" (Acts 10:34). Now He ~directs
 864   2, 80  |              and Bede, commenting on Acts 5:3, says that the devil ~"
 865   2, 80  |             3: Further, the internal acts of the soul are to understand
 866   2, 82  |             are not equally prone to acts of concupiscence. Therefore
 867   2, 82  |           more prone than another to acts ~of concupiscence, this
 868   2, 83  |           the principles of personal acts. Hence ~they are the proper
 869   2, 85  |              4: Further, no accident acts on its subject: because
 870   2, 85  |    diminished by sin. Because human ~acts produce an inclination to
 871   2, 85  |       produce an inclination to like acts, as stated above (Q[50],
 872   2, 85  |            taken away in the man who acts, as we have stated when
 873   2, 85  |              on its subject, but it ~acts on it formally, in the same
 874   2, 85  |              by the fact that in the acts of the ~soul, there is an
 875   2, 85  |              in so far as the object acts on the power, and one power
 876   2, 85  |             the power, and one power acts on ~another and puts it
 877   2, 85  |             that we may regulate the acts of the soul, but not that
 878   2, 87  |      contrary ~supervenes, the other acts with greater energy, for
 879   2, 87  |              by ~sin, for the sinner acts against his reason, and
 880   2, 87  |              it is finite, since the acts of a creature cannot be ~
 881   2, 88  |        prescribes to be done; but he acts ~"beside" the law, through
 882   2, 88  |    generically venial. Because human acts are considered to be generically ~
 883   2, 88  |            Nevertheless, since moral acts derive their character of
 884   2, 88  |             ii, 1,2, that "from like acts like dispositions ~and habits
 885   2, 88  |              so far strengthened ~by acts of venial sin, that the
 886   2, 89  |               but only hinders their acts. On the other hand a stain
 887   2, 89  |        comeliness that ~results from acts of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS
 888   2, 89  |             God: wherefore all their acts are ~acts of charity, so
 889   2, 89  |        wherefore all their acts are ~acts of charity, so that no venial
 890   2, 89  |             a mortal sin, because he acts against his duty.~Aquin.:
 891   2, 89  |            contrary, It is stated in Acts 10:34 that "God is not a
 892   2, 90  |              extrinsic principles of acts. Now the ~extrinsic principle
 893   2, 90  |             is a rule and measure of acts, whereby man is induced ~
 894   2, 90  |           rule and measure ~of human acts is the reason, which is
 895   2, 90  |             first principle of human acts, as is evident from what
 896   2, 90  |              house built; so ~in the acts of reason, we may consider
 897   2, 90  |             is ~a principle of human acts, because it is their rule
 898   2, 90  |              is a principle of human acts, so in reason itself there
 899   2, 91  |              man is directed, in his acts, to the end, as ~stated
 900   2, 91  |           But the directing of human acts to their end ~is not a function
 901   2, 91  |        natural appetite; whereas man acts ~for an end by his reason
 902   2, 91  |         inclinations to their proper acts and ends. Now among ~all
 903   2, 91  |           the first direction of our acts ~to their end must needs
 904   2, 91  |           how to ~perform his proper acts in view of his last end.
 905   2, 91  |         different judgments on human acts; whence also different and
 906   2, 91  |            be directed in his proper acts by a law given by God, for
 907   2, 91  |         hidden, but only of exterior acts which appear: and ~yet for
 908   2, 91  |              aright in both kinds of acts. Consequently human law
 909   2, 91  |             curb and direct interior acts; and it was necessary for
 910   2, 91  |         exterior, but also ~interior acts; "the testimony of the Lord
 911   2, 91  |              the law to direct human acts according to the ~order
 912   2, 91  |              it directs our internal acts, according to Mt. 5:20: "
 913   2, 91  |         through Christ, according to Acts 4:12: "There is no other
 914   2, 91  |     different subjects to ~different acts; in this way we may say
 915   2, 92  |          purpose of ~directing human acts; as far as human acts conduce
 916   2, 92  |          human acts; as far as human acts conduce to virtue, so far
 917   2, 92  |          Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the acts of law are suitably assigned?~
 918   2, 92  |               It would seem that the acts of law are not suitably
 919   2, 92  |             are concerned with human acts, in which the law ~directs,
 920   2, 92  |            are ~three kinds of human acts: for, as stated above (Q[
 921   2, 92  |            above (Q[18], A[8]), some acts ~are good generically, viz.
 922   2, 92  |           are good generically, viz. acts of virtue; and in respect
 923   2, 92  |            for "the law commands all acts of ~virtue" (Ethic. v, 1).
 924   2, 92  |          virtue" (Ethic. v, 1). Some acts are evil generically, viz.
 925   2, 92  |           are evil generically, viz. acts of vice, ~and in respect
 926   2, 92  |          these the law forbids. Some acts are generically ~indifferent,
 927   2, 92  |             the law permits; and all acts that ~are either not distinctly
 928   2, 93  |          type in him who governs the acts of his ~subjects, bears
 929   2, 93  |         Moreover He ~governs all the acts and movements that are to
 930   2, 93  |              is said to direct human acts by ordaining them to the
 931   2, 93  |              kind ~of plan directing acts towards an end. Now wherever
 932   2, 94  |         natural law?~(3) Whether all acts of virtue are prescribed
 933   2, 94  |              are principles of human acts, viz. ~powers, habits and
 934   2, 94  |       besides these three: there are acts; thus "to will" is in the
 935   2, 94  |            action: since every agent acts for an end ~under the aspect
 936   2, 94  |          Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether all acts of virtue are prescribed
 937   2, 94  |              would seem that not all acts of virtue are prescribed
 938   2, 94  |            the common good. But some acts of virtue are ~ordained
 939   2, 94  |            especially ~in regards to acts of temperance. Therefore
 940   2, 94  |        temperance. Therefore not all acts of virtue are ~the subject
 941   2, 94  |      virtuous act. If therefore ~all acts of virtue are prescribed
 942   2, 94  |              are common ~to all. But acts of virtue are not common
 943   2, 94  |           another. Therefore not all acts of virtue ~are prescribed
 944   2, 94  |         natural." Therefore virtuous acts also are a subject of the
 945   2, 94  |             We may speak of virtuous acts in two ways: first, under ~
 946   2, 94  |           secondly, as such and such acts considered in ~their proper
 947   2, 94  |         species. If then we speak of acts of virtue, considered as ~
 948   2, 94  |          virtuous, thus all virtuous acts belong to the natural law.
 949   2, 94  |   Consequently, considered thus, all acts of virtue are prescribed
 950   2, 94  |              if we speak of virtuous acts, considered in themselves, ~
 951   2, 94  |       species, thus not all virtuous acts are prescribed ~by the natural
 952   2, 94  |              This argument considers acts in themselves. For it is
 953   2, 94  |      conditions of men, that certain acts are virtuous for ~some,
 954   2, 95  |           have been better for human acts to be directed ~by the judgment
 955   2, 95  |          people who are inclined ~to acts of virtue, by their good
 956   2, 96  |              competent to direct all acts of virtue?~(4) Whether it
 957   2, 96  |              includes all particular acts of ~legislation . . . and
 958   2, 96  |             is the director of human acts, as stated above ~(Q[90],
 959   2, 96  |             90], AA[1],2). But human acts are about individual matters.
 960   2, 96  |            rule and measure of human acts, as stated above ~(Q[90],
 961   2, 96  |             Since therefore in human acts no general proposition can
 962   2, 96  |             further, all particular ~acts of legislation." Other matters
 963   2, 96  |            rule ~or measure of human acts. Now a measure should be
 964   2, 96  |         Whether human law prescribes acts of all the virtues?~Aquin.:
 965   2, 96  |         human law does not prescribe acts of all the ~virtues. For
 966   2, 96  |            the ~virtues. For vicious acts are contrary to acts of
 967   2, 96  |         vicious acts are contrary to acts of virtue. But human law ~
 968   2, 96  |       neither ~does it prescribe all acts of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS
 969   2, 96  |           law does not prescribe all acts of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT FS
 970   2, 96  |               Q[90], A[2]). But some acts of virtue are ordained,
 971   2, 96  |           law does not prescribe all acts ~of virtue.~Aquin.: SMT
 972   2, 96  |    prescribes the performance of the acts of a brave man . . . and
 973   2, 96  |              brave man . . . and the acts ~of the temperate man . . .
 974   2, 96  |          temperate man . . . and the acts of the meek man: and in
 975   2, 96  |             there is no virtue whose acts cannot be prescribed by
 976   2, 96  |         prescribe concerning all the acts of ~every virtue: but only
 977   2, 96  |          does not forbid all vicious acts, by the ~obligation of a
 978   2, 96  |        neither does it prescribe all acts of ~virtue. But it forbids
 979   2, 96  |               But it forbids certain acts of each vice, just as it
 980   2, 96  |          just as it prescribes ~some acts of each virtue.~Aquin.:
 981   2, 96  |           way law prescribes certain acts of virtue. Secondly an act
 982   2, 96  |            common good. The like are acts of ~violence rather than
 983   2, 96  |      observed, because, as stated in Acts 5:29, "we ought to obey
 984   2, 96  |           that it is a rule of human acts; ~secondly, that it has
 985   2, 96  |          pass sentence on him, if he acts against the ~law. Wherefore
 986   2, 96  |           who in a case of necessity acts beside the letter of the
 987   2, 97  |              is the measure of human acts, as ~stated above (Q[90],
 988   2, 97  |            of ~reason, whereby human acts are directed. Thus there
 989   2, 97  |            on the ~part of man whose acts are regulated by law. The
 990   2, 97  |            On the part of man, whose acts are regulated by law, the
 991   2, 97  |             are enacted about single acts of man. But we ~cannot acquire
 992   2, 97  |        Therefore by multiplying such acts, nothing ~good is the result.
 993   2, 97  |         since it is a rule of ~human acts. Therefore law is not abolished
 994   2, 97  |              But custom grows by the acts of private individuals. ~
 995   2, 98  |           was not: since Peter said (Acts 15:10): "Why ~tempt you (
 996   2, 98  |        Mediator." And Stephen ~said (Acts 7:53): "(Who) have received
 997   2, 98  |            the principal and perfect acts; while those things which ~
 998   2, 98  |             2: Further, according to Acts 10:34,35, "God is not a
 999   2, 99  |         according to the variety of ~acts ordained thereto.~Aquin.:
1000   2, 99  |            to include precepts about acts of virtue: ~and these are