1-500 | 501-1000 | 1001-1500 | 1501-2000 | 2001-2014
Part, Question
1 1, 20 | the habits of ~the moral virtues, as justice, fortitude and
2 1, 21 | 1: Certain of the moral virtues are concerned with the ~
3 1, 21 | meekness with anger. Such virtues as these can only ~metaphorically
4 1, 21 | 10), the subject of those virtues. On ~the other hand, certain
5 1, 21 | other hand, certain moral virtues are concerned with works
6 1, 21 | prevent our attributing these virtues to God; although not in ~
7 1, 21 | praise God for His ~political virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[21] A[
8 1, 22 | morals, after the moral virtues themselves, comes the consideration
9 1, 22 | prudence presupposes the moral ~virtues, by means of which the appetitive
10 1, 55 | respect to all the acts of the virtues; which can be taken as the
11 1, 59 | 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, some virtues are said to reside in the
12 1, 59 | the ~irascible. But these virtues are in the angels. Therefore
13 1, 60 | inclination among the social virtues; for it behooves the virtuous ~
14 1, 56 | respect to all the acts of the virtues; which can be taken as the
15 1, 60 | 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, some virtues are said to reside in the
16 1, 60 | the ~irascible. But these virtues are in the angels. Therefore
17 1, 61 | inclination among the social virtues; for it behooves the virtuous ~
18 1, 77 | appetitive powers, in which the virtues reside. And since the knowledge ~
19 1, 87 | after enumerating many ~virtues in the tenth book, he concludes (
20 1, 89 | only as to some ~"causal virtues"; which cannot be said of
21 1, 90 | according to the causal virtues ~which God inserted in corporeal
22 1, 90 | creature by ~reason of causal virtues can be produced by some
23 1, 90 | pre-exist in the causal virtues of ~creatures, in two ways.
24 1, 90 | previous work in their causal virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[91] A[
25 1, 91 | creatures as to their ~causal virtues are produced by the power
26 1, 91 | produced in its causal ~virtues among the first created
27 1, 91 | pre-exist in these causal virtues, in the things first created; ~
28 1, 92 | Reply OBJ 3: Even certain virtues are natural to the soul,
29 1, 94 | 3) Whether he had all virtues?~(4) Whether what he did
30 1, 94 | restrained by the moral ~virtues. But in Adam the moral virtues
31 1, 94 | virtues. But in Adam the moral virtues were perfect. Therefore
32 1, 94 | Whether Adam had all the virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[95] A[
33 1, 94 | that Adam had not all the virtues. For some virtues ~are directed
34 1, 94 | all the virtues. For some virtues ~are directed to curb passions:
35 1, 94 | Therefore ~neither did these virtues then exist.~Aquin.: SMT
36 1, 94 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, some virtues are concerned with the passions
37 1, 94 | Therefore neither did those virtues exist then.~Aquin.: SMT
38 1, 94 | Therefore neither did ~those virtues exist.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[
39 1, 94 | sense ~possessed all the virtues; and this can be proved
40 1, 94 | powers to reason. ~Now the virtues are nothing but those perfections
41 1, 94 | explained in the Treatise on the Virtues ~(FS, Q[63], A[2]). Wherefore
42 1, 94 | however, be noted that some virtues of their very nature do
43 1, 94 | charity and justice; and these virtues did ~exist in the primitive
44 1, 94 | habit and in act. But ~other virtues are of such a nature as
45 1, 94 | the primitive state, such virtues ~necessarily existed in
46 1, 94 | primitive state. Wherefore such virtues existed as habits in the ~
47 1, 94 | passions, and yet those virtues are 'per se' ~competent
48 1, 94 | God's goodness. Thus the virtues which relate to such ~passions
49 1, 94 | state, in habit and in act. ~Virtues, however, relating to passions
50 1, 94 | and of mercy. But other virtues there are which have relation
51 1, 101 | day, but in their seminal ~virtues; whereas, after the work
52 1, 107 | called angels and heavenly ~virtues. But common names should
53 1, 107 | orders of the angels and virtues are ineptly named.~Aquin.:
54 1, 107 | 1:16; "Dominations," ~"Virtues," "Powers," and "Principalities"
55 1, 107 | in the greatest; by the virtues miracles are wrought; by
56 1, 107 | spirits are called heavenly virtues, as also "heavenly ~essences."
57 1, 107 | Hier. viii) that the "name 'virtues' signifies a certain virile ~
58 1, 107 | belongs to God; as the name "Virtues" signifies the ~participation
59 1, 107 | presiding over all the heavenly "Virtues" who fulfil the ~Divine
60 1, 107 | Dominations," as the first, the "Virtues" in the middle, the "Powers" ~
61 1, 107 | the "Principalities" and "Virtues." For Dionysius places the ~"
62 1, 107 | For Dionysius places the ~"Virtues" beneath the "Dominations,"
63 1, 107 | and the "Powers"; and the "Virtues" between the "Powers" and
64 1, 107 | Dominion." Here he places "Virtues" between "Powers" and ~"
65 1, 107 | disposition - the "Dominations," ~"Virtues," and "Powers"; and he places
66 1, 107 | done, which belongs to the "Virtues"; the third is to order ~
67 1, 107 | After these come the "Virtues," ~which have power over
68 1, 107 | which also agrees with the ~"Virtues" accordingly as this name
69 1, 107 | according to Gregory, the "Virtues" seem to be the ~same as "
70 1, 109 | so to the order of the "virtues" do those ~angels seem to
71 1, 109 | Those spirits are called virtues by whom signs ~and miracles
72 1, 111 | from "announcing"; the ~"Virtues" and "Powers" are so called
73 1, 112 | infusing into him grace and virtues; as regards the second,
74 1, 112 | coerce the demons, the "Virtues" to work ~miracles in things
75 1, 112 | miracles, which ~belongs to the Virtues. Therefore these orders
76 1, 112 | creatures are guarded by the ~"Virtues"; and likewise the demons
77 1, 114 | in bodies certain seminal virtues?~(3) Whether the heavenly
78 1, 114 | Whether there are any seminal virtues in corporeal matter?~Aquin.:
79 1, 114 | that there are no seminal virtues in corporeal ~matter. For
80 1, 114 | Therefore there are no ~seminal virtues in corporeal matter.~Aquin.:
81 1, 114 | matter. But bodies, not virtues, can be employed ~with local
82 1, 114 | that there are ~seminal virtues in corporeal matter.~Aquin.:
83 1, 114 | Therefore there are no seminal ~virtues in corporeal matter.~Aquin.:
84 1, 114 | said to be certain "causal virtues" ~(Augustine, De Gen. ad
85 1, 114 | production of things. But seminal virtues are not causal virtues:
86 1, 114 | seminal virtues are not causal virtues: for ~miracles are outside
87 1, 114 | outside the scope of seminal virtues, but not of causal ~virtues.
88 1, 114 | virtues, but not of causal ~virtues. Therefore it is unreasonable
89 1, 114 | that there are seminal ~virtues in corporeal matter.~Aquin.:
90 1, 114 | gave the name of "seminal ~virtues" [seminales rationes] to
91 1, 114 | those active and passive virtues ~which are the principles
92 1, 114 | These active and passive virtues may be considered in several
93 1, 114 | These active and passive virtues of natural things, thought ~
94 1, 114 | things, thought ~not called "virtues" [rationes] by reason of
95 1, 114 | These active and passive virtues are in certain parts of ~
96 1, 114 | speaking of these seminal ~virtues, it is easy to gather that
97 1, 114 | that they are also causal virtues, just as ~seed is a kind
98 1, 114 | can be ~called "causal virtues," but not, strictly speaking, "
99 1, 114 | strictly speaking, "seminal virtues," ~because seed is not a
100 1, 114 | outside the scope of causal virtues. Likewise neither are ~miracles
101 1, 114 | the scope of the passive virtues so implanted in ~the creature,
102 1, 114 | scope of the ~natural active virtues, and the passive potentialities
103 1, 114 | ordered ~to such active virtues, and this is what is meant
104 1, 114 | outside the scope of seminal virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[115] A[
105 2, 3 | And in ~distinguishing the virtues, he gives no more than three
106 2, 3 | than three speculative ~virtues - "knowledge," "wisdom"
107 2, 13 | OBJ 1: The proper ends of virtues are ordained to Happiness
108 2, 17 | lust, and their contrary virtues. Therefore ~the acts of
109 2, 18 | vainglory, actions of various virtues and vices ~can be ordained.
110 2, 20 | For this reason various virtues are necessary. But right ~
111 2, 21 | prudence, as in the moral virtues," which prudence directs, "
112 2, 27 | although not all men have these virtues in the complete habit, yet ~
113 2, 31 | and evil as applied to virtues and vices: because one vice
114 2, 41 | action, they are called virtues. But the Philosopher denies
115 2, 49 | place ~we shall consider virtues and vices and other like
116 2, 49 | causes, e.g. sciences ~and virtues. And in this sense, disposition
117 2, 50 | the soul are sciences and virtues: and ~just as science is
118 2, 50 | Ethic. iii, 10) that "some ~virtues," namely, temperance and
119 2, 50 | Philosopher puts the intellectual virtues, which are wisdom, science
120 2, 51 | case ~with all gratuitous virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[51] A[
121 2, 52 | that ~some are not, as the virtues. The fourth opinion was
122 2, 52 | A[1]) how it is with the virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[52] A[
123 2, 52 | How this question affects virtues we shall state further on (
124 2, 53 | habit of virtue: and again, virtues are engendered ~and corrupted
125 2, 53 | corruption of science." As to virtues, some of them are intellectual, ~
126 2, 53 | however, viz. the ~moral virtues, are in the appetitive part
127 2, 54 | demands a diversity ~of virtues, even as diversity of active
128 2, 54 | with which, above all, the virtues ~are concerned, as is evident
129 2, 54 | temperance, and other virtues. Therefore one habit is
130 2, 55 | 55]-89) GOOD HABITS, i.e. VIRTUES (QQ[55]-70)~OF THE VIRTUES,
131 2, 55 | VIRTUES (QQ[55]-70)~OF THE VIRTUES, AS TO THEIR ESSENCE (FOUR
132 2, 55 | of good habits, which are virtues, and of ~other matters connected
133 2, 55 | must be considered about virtues: (1) the essence of virtue; ~(
134 2, 55 | But we do ~merit by our virtues. Therefore virtues are not
135 2, 55 | by our virtues. Therefore virtues are not habits, but acts.~
136 2, 55 | just as there are human virtues, so are there natural ~virtues.
137 2, 55 | virtues, so are there natural ~virtues. But natural virtues are
138 2, 55 | natural ~virtues. But natural virtues are not habits, but powers.
139 2, 55 | Neither ~therefore are human virtues habits.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[
140 2, 55 | are in themselves called virtues. But the rational powers, ~
141 2, 55 | A[4]~). Therefore human virtues are habits.~Aquin.: SMT
142 2, 55 | are ~we said to merit by virtues and habits.~Aquin.: SMT
143 2, 55 | the mind." But there are virtues even of the ~irrational
144 2, 55 | definition will apply to all virtues in general, whether acquired
145 2, 55 | A[4]), is common to all virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[55] A[
146 2, 56 | manner as regards other such virtues. And since virtue is that ~"
147 2, 56 | of ~habits are not called virtues simply: because they do
148 2, 56 | other times they are called virtues ~(Ethic. vi, 2).~Aquin.:
149 2, 56 | also art, are intellectual virtues. But the subject of a habit
150 2, 56 | iii, 10) says that "these virtues belong to the irrational
151 2, 56 | powers we must needs assign ~virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[56] A[
152 2, 56 | clear that there are some virtues in the irascible and ~concupiscible
153 2, 56 | also must there be some virtues in the irascible and ~concupiscible
154 2, 56 | And therefore those moral ~virtues which are concerned with
155 2, 56 | 1/1~On the contrary, All virtues are either intellectual
156 2, 56 | ii, 1). Now all the moral virtues are in the appetite; while
157 2, 56 | while the ~intellectual virtues are in the intellect or
158 2, 56 | powers, they cannot be ~virtues. For virtue is a perfect
159 2, 56 | powers there are none of the virtues, by which we know truth:
160 2, 56 | reason the cognoscitive virtues are in the intellect itself,
161 2, 56 | all human acts, to which virtues are ordained, are ~voluntary.
162 2, 56 | power, or there will be two virtues ordained to the same act,
163 2, 56 | virtue. And therefore such virtues as ~those which direct man'
164 2, 56 | objection is true of those virtues which are ordained ~to the
165 2, 56 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Some virtues are directed to the good
166 2, 56 | exists only in the case of ~virtues which are directed to some
167 2, 57 | 1 - OF THE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (SIX ARTICLES)~We now have
168 2, 57 | and (1) the ~intellectual virtues; (2) the moral virtues; (
169 2, 57 | intellectual virtues; (2) the moral virtues; (3) the theological virtues. ~
170 2, 57 | virtues; (3) the theological virtues. ~Concerning the first there
171 2, 57 | speculative intellect are virtues?~(2) Whether they are three,
172 2, 57 | synesis" and "gnome" are virtues annexed to ~prudence?~Aquin.:
173 2, 57 | speculative intellect are virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
174 2, 57 | speculative intellect are ~not virtues. For virtue is an operative
175 2, 57 | speculative intellect are not virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
176 2, 57 | habits cannot be called virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
177 2, 57 | speculative habits are not ~virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
178 2, 57 | places certain intellectual virtues in that part of the soul
179 2, 57 | speculative intellect are virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
180 2, 57 | they may indeed be called virtues in so far as they confer
181 2, 57 | yet they are not called virtues in the second ~way, as though
182 2, 57 | And thus these speculative virtues ~are not about those things
183 2, 57 | sense the ~intellectual virtues are about those things whereby
184 2, 57 | because the acts of these virtues can be meritorious, as stated ~
185 2, 57 | unfitting to distinguish three virtues of the ~speculative intellect,
186 2, 57 | science among the intellectual virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
187 2, 57 | alone as being intellectual virtues, viz. wisdom, science and ~
188 2, 57 | already stated (A[1]), the virtues of the speculative ~intellect
189 2, 57 | point aright, these three virtues are ~distinct, not as being
190 2, 57 | are called intellectual virtues, whereby we tell the truth
191 2, 57 | they are not ~intellectual virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
192 2, 57 | reckoned among the speculative virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[57] A[
193 2, 57 | it among the speculative virtues, ~which, according to him,
194 2, 57 | work: while some habits are virtues, not only through ~conferring
195 2, 57 | But if we consider them as virtues, then art has more in ~common
196 2, 57 | It is reckoned with other virtues necessary for human ~life,
197 2, 57 | synesis, and gnome" are virtues annexed to prudence? ~[*{
198 2, 57 | unfittingly assigned as virtues annexed to prudence. For "{
199 2, 57 | the above are not the only virtues annexed to ~prudence.~Aquin.:
200 2, 57 | who assigns these three virtues as being annexed to prudence.~
201 2, 57 | place, has ~other secondary virtues annexed to it, viz. "{eustochia},"
202 2, 57 | counsel, wheres there are two virtues for good judgment: ~because
203 2, 57 | docility and the like, are not virtues distinct from prudence:
204 2, 57 | subordinate thereto, as secondary virtues to a principal virtue: ~
205 2, 58 | BETWEEN MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES)~We must
206 2, 58 | must now consider moral virtues. We shall speak (1) of the
207 2, 58 | between them and intellectual virtues; (2) of their distinction,
208 2, 58 | between ~the chief or cardinal virtues and the others.~Aquin.:
209 2, 58 | ourselves to the acts of all the virtues. Therefore every virtue ~
210 2, 58 | understanding are not ~moral virtues: and yet they are virtues,
211 2, 58 | virtues: and yet they are virtues, as stated above (Q[57],
212 2, 58 | reason, is proper to those virtues which are in the appetitive
213 2, 58 | science in the definition of virtues: ~thus some define perseverance
214 2, 58 | belongs to the intellectual ~virtues, as stated in Ethic. vi,
215 2, 58 | be none but intellectual virtues. This was the opinion ~of
216 2, 58 | habits to be considered virtues in so far as they are in
217 2, 58 | essentially; but to other ~virtues, by participation, for as
218 2, 58 | participation to all the moral virtues, in ~so far as they are
219 2, 58 | reckoned among the intellectual virtues ~(Ethic. vi, 3,5); and again
220 2, 58 | among the four cardinal ~virtues, which are moral virtues,
221 2, 58 | virtues, which are moral virtues, as we shall show further
222 2, 58 | reckoned ~to be intellectual virtues. Yet neither are they moral
223 2, 58 | Yet neither are they moral virtues; since ~they do not reduce
224 2, 58 | faith, hope, and charity are virtues. Yet they are not ~intellectual
225 2, 58 | they are not ~intellectual virtues: for there are only five
226 2, 58 | Neither are they moral virtues; since they are not about
227 2, 58 | in common with the ~moral virtues: for it is right reason
228 2, 58 | reckoned with the ~moral virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[58] A[
229 2, 58 | they fall short of being virtues: since intellectual virtue,
230 2, 58 | midst of pains, are not virtues, but ~something less than
231 2, 58 | and charity are superhuman virtues: for they ~are virtues of
232 2, 58 | superhuman virtues: for they ~are virtues of man as sharing in the
233 2, 58 | good works. Therefore moral virtues can be without ~intellectual
234 2, 58 | be without ~intellectual virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[58] A[
235 2, 58 | Moral. xxii) that "the other virtues, ~unless we do prudently
236 2, 58 | desire to do, cannot be real virtues." But ~prudence is an intellectual
237 2, 58 | A[5]). ~Therefore moral virtues cannot be without intellectual
238 2, 58 | be without intellectual virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[58] A[
239 2, 58 | some of the intellectual ~virtues, viz. wisdom, science, and
240 2, 58 | function of prudence and the virtues annexed to it, ~as stated
241 2, 58 | of all the intellectual virtues, it seems most akin to ~
242 2, 58 | most akin to ~the moral virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[58] A[
243 2, 58 | without having the moral ~virtues. Therefore prudence can
244 2, 58 | that, Other intellectual virtues can, but prudence cannot,
245 2, 59 | And since those moral virtues which are about the passions,
246 2, 59 | Therefore some passions are virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[59] A[
247 2, 59 | that "passions are neither ~virtues nor vices."~Aquin.: SMT
248 2, 59 | applies to all the moral virtues. Therefore all moral ~virtues
249 2, 59 | virtues. Therefore all moral ~virtues are without passion.~Aquin.:
250 2, 59 | with virtue. Because ~the virtues are effects of wisdom, according
251 2, 59 | 1~Whether all the moral virtues are about the passions?~
252 2, 59 | seem that all the moral virtues are about the passions. ~
253 2, 59 | Therefore all ~the moral virtues are about the passions.~
254 2, 59 | the subject of the moral virtues is a faculty which is ~rational
255 2, 59 | Therefore all the moral virtues are about the passions.~
256 2, 59 | Consequently there are ~moral virtues about all matters that are
257 2, 59 | Therefore not all the moral virtues are about ~passions, but
258 2, 59 | 1~Reply OBJ 1: The moral virtues are not all about pleasures
259 2, 59 | words quoted, ~adds, "if virtues are about actions and passions;
260 2, 59 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Some virtues have passions as their proper
261 2, 59 | proper matter, but some ~virtues not. Hence the comparison
262 2, 59 | still less can the other virtues be.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[59]
263 2, 59 | it is plain that moral virtues, which are about ~the passions
264 2, 59 | Body Para. 2/2~Those moral virtues, however, which are not
265 2, 60 | Para. 1/1 - HOW THE MORAL VIRTUES DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER (
266 2, 60 | now consider how the moral virtues differ from one another: ~
267 2, 60 | 2) Whether those moral virtues which are about operations,
268 2, 60 | there are different moral virtues about different passions?~(
269 2, 60 | passions?~(5) Whether the moral virtues differ in point of the various
270 2, 60 | subject ~of the intellectual virtues; so does their inclination
271 2, 60 | is the subject of moral virtues. But there is only one ~
272 2, 60 | common end of all ~moral virtues, viz. happiness, while the
273 2, 60 | in number. But the moral virtues themselves are not infinite
274 2, 60 | the subject of the moral virtues is the appetitive ~part
275 2, 60 | AA[1],2,3), the moral virtues are ~habits of the appetitive
276 2, 60 | that it follows that moral virtues are of various species and ~
277 2, 60 | Para. 1/1~Whether moral virtues about operations are different
278 2, 60 | It would seem that moral virtues are not divided into those
279 2, 60 | action. If ~therefore some virtues regulate the passions, they
280 2, 60 | Therefore the same moral virtues ~are about both passions
281 2, 60 | passions. Therefore the same virtues that are about operations
282 2, 60 | in this sense those moral virtues which ~are about operations
283 2, 60 | clearly applied to other virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[60] A[
284 2, 60 | diversity among the ~moral virtues: for the Philosopher says (
285 2, 60 | cause a diversity of moral ~virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[60] A[
286 2, 60 | there are various moral virtues about various ~operations,
287 2, 60 | operations, diversity of moral virtues would needs follow diversity
288 2, 60 | there are not ~different virtues about different operations.~
289 2, 60 | answer that, All the moral virtues that are about operations
290 2, 60 | due. Wherefore all such ~virtues as are about operations,
291 2, 60 | the same kind in all these virtues: ~for something is due to
292 2, 60 | debt there are ~various virtues: e.g. "Religion" whereby
293 2, 60 | directs all the acts ~of the virtues to its own end, viz. the
294 2, 60 | the common good. And the virtues, in ~so far as they are
295 2, 60 | there are different moral virtues about different passions?~
296 2, 60 | are not different moral virtues about ~different passions.
297 2, 60 | there were different moral virtues about different ~passions,
298 2, 60 | there are as many moral virtues as ~passions. But this clearly
299 2, 60 | need for ~different moral virtues about different passions.~
300 2, 60 | are not different moral ~virtues about different passions.~
301 2, 60 | for a diversity of moral virtues. First, because some passions ~
302 2, 60 | require different moral ~virtues, because their movements
303 2, 60 | Consequently there are different virtues about such like passions:
304 2, 60 | Para. 1/1~Whether the moral virtues differ in point of the various
305 2, 60 | would seem that the moral virtues do not differ according
306 2, 60 | operations. Now those moral virtues that are ~about operations,
307 2, 60 | neither do those ~moral virtues that are about passions
308 2, 60 | But there ~are various virtues about the desires for good
309 2, 60 | there should be different virtues ~about fears of evils.~Aquin.:
310 2, 60 | appetite. ~Consequently virtues must needs be differentiated
311 2, 60 | the different species of virtues. Now the movement of reason
312 2, 60 | without causing ~diversity of virtues, as when one virtue is about
313 2, 60 | from causing ~different virtues, without causing a difference
314 2, 60 | passions, since ~several virtues are directed about one passion,
315 2, 60 | always belong ~to diverse virtues, as stated above (A[4]);
316 2, 60 | specific difference of virtues - for instance the difference
317 2, 60 | to cause a difference of virtues. ~Consequently man's good
318 2, 60 | to reason, differentiates virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[60] A[
319 2, 60 | Aristotle, there are ten ~moral virtues about the passions, viz.
320 2, 60 | differentiated by the same rule as virtues ~are, as stated above.~Aquin.:
321 2, 60 | reason, so as to require ~virtues unless that evil be great;
322 2, 60 | there are various moral virtues about ~desires, as stated
323 2, 61 | Para. 1/1 - OF THE CARDINAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES)~We must
324 2, 61 | now consider the cardinal virtues: under which head there
325 2, 61 | inquiry:~(1) Whether the moral virtues should be called cardinal
326 2, 61 | called cardinal or principal ~virtues?~(2) Of their number;~(3)
327 2, 61 | perfect, ~and exemplar virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
328 2, 61 | Para. 1/1~Whether the moral virtues should be called cardinal
329 2, 61 | called cardinal or principal virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
330 2, 61 | It would seem that moral virtues should not be called cardinal
331 2, 61 | called cardinal or ~principal virtues. For "the opposite members
332 2, 61 | than ~another. Now all the virtues are opposite members of
333 2, 61 | means. But the ~theological virtues are about the end; while
334 2, 61 | the end; while the moral virtues are about ~the means. Therefore
335 2, 61 | Therefore the theological virtues, rather than the moral ~
336 2, 61 | rather than the moral ~virtues, should be called principal
337 2, 61 | participation. But the intellectual virtues ~belong to that which is
338 2, 61 | rational: whereas the moral virtues ~belong to that which is
339 2, 61 | Therefore the intellectual virtues are principal, rather than ~
340 2, 61 | rather than ~the moral virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
341 2, 61 | there are four cardinal ~virtues, viz. temperance, justice,
342 2, 61 | fortitude." But these ~are moral virtues. Therefore the moral virtues
343 2, 61 | virtues. Therefore the moral virtues are cardinal virtues.~Aquin.:
344 2, 61 | moral virtues are cardinal virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
345 2, 61 | imperfect: and so those virtues which imply rectitude of
346 2, 61 | appetite are called principal virtues. Such are the moral virtues,
347 2, 61 | virtues. Such are the moral virtues, and ~prudence alone, of
348 2, 61 | alone, of the intellectual virtues, for it is also something
349 2, 61 | Consequently, ~those virtues which are called principal
350 2, 61 | placed ~among the moral virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
351 2, 61 | Reply OBJ 2: The theological virtues are above man, as stated
352 2, 61 | super-human" or godlike virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
353 2, 61 | Although the intellectual virtues, except in prudence, rank ~
354 2, 61 | rank ~before the moral virtues, in the point of their subject,
355 2, 61 | not rank ~before them as virtues; for a virtue, as such,
356 2, 61 | there are four cardinal virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
357 2, 61 | there are not four cardinal virtues. For ~prudence is the directing
358 2, 61 | principle of the other moral virtues, as is ~clear from what
359 2, 61 | Further, the principal virtues are, in a way, moral virtues.
360 2, 61 | virtues are, in a way, moral virtues. Now ~we are directed to
361 2, 61 | there are only two ~cardinal virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
362 2, 61 | Further, even among the other virtues one ranks higher than ~another.
363 2, 61 | are ~many more principal virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
364 2, 61 | good works is built on four virtues."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
365 2, 61 | there are four cardinal virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
366 2, 61 | passions, and then we need two virtues. For the need ~of putting
367 2, 61 | the principal of all the virtues simply. The ~others are
368 2, 61 | Reply OBJ 3: All the other virtues among which one ranks before
369 2, 61 | Para. 1/1~Whether any other virtues should be called principal
370 2, 61 | It would seem that other virtues should be called principal ~
371 2, 61 | great influence on all the virtues" (Ethic. ~iv, 3). Therefore
372 2, 61 | which strengthens the other virtues should above ~all be called
373 2, 61 | he who gathers the other virtues without humility ~is as
374 2, 61 | Cicero reduces all other virtues to these four (De ~Invent.
375 2, 61 | are reckoned as ~cardinal virtues, in respect of the four
376 2, 61 | Accordingly the above four virtues may be considered in two
377 2, 61 | comparison with all the virtues: ~so that, for instance,
378 2, 61 | philosophers, speak about these virtues ~in this sense: and in this
379 2, 61 | and in this way the other virtues are contained under ~them.
380 2, 61 | thus ~they are specific virtues, condivided with the others.
381 2, 61 | comparison with the other virtues, on account of the ~importance
382 2, 61 | fail: because the other virtues may ~be principal in some
383 2, 61 | Whether the four cardinal virtues differ from one another? ~
384 2, 61 | seem that the above four virtues are not diverse and ~distinct
385 2, 61 | not be so, if the above virtues ~were distinct from one
386 2, 61 | Therefore the aforesaid virtues are not ~distinct from one
387 2, 61 | Therefore it seems that these virtues are not ~distinct from one
388 2, 61 | Therefore each of these virtues is general in ~comparison
389 2, 61 | in ~comparison to other virtues. Therefore they are not
390 2, 61 | xi) that "there are ~four virtues, corresponding to the various
391 2, 61 | applies this to the four virtues mentioned above. Therefore
392 2, 61 | Therefore the same four ~virtues are distinct from one another.~
393 2, 61 | above (A[3]), these four virtues are understood ~differently
394 2, 61 | to be found in all the virtues: so ~that, to wit, prudence
395 2, 61 | distinguish these four virtues in this way does not imply
396 2, 61 | distinct from the other three virtues: but these would not be
397 2, 61 | reason, take these four virtues, according ~as they have
398 2, 61 | clear that the aforesaid virtues are distinct habits, differentiated
399 2, 61 | is speaking of these four virtues in the first ~sense given
400 2, 61 | be said that these four virtues qualify ~one another by
401 2, 61 | overflow ~on to the other virtues in so far as they are directed
402 2, 61 | either in so far as these virtues are taken ~to denote certain
403 2, 61 | proper to the aforesaid virtues. They may, however, ~be
404 2, 61 | 1/1~Whether the cardinal virtues are fittingly divided into
405 2, 61 | fittingly divided into social virtues, ~perfecting, perfect, and
406 2, 61 | perfecting, perfect, and exemplar virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
407 2, 61 | would seem that these four virtues are unfittingly divided ~
408 2, 61 | unfittingly divided ~into exemplar virtues, perfecting virtues, perfect
409 2, 61 | exemplar virtues, perfecting virtues, perfect virtues, and social ~
410 2, 61 | perfecting virtues, perfect virtues, and social ~virtues. For
411 2, 61 | perfect virtues, and social ~virtues. For as Macrobius says (
412 2, 61 | Scip. 1), the "exemplar ~virtues are such as exist in the
413 2, 61 | to God." Therefore these virtues cannot be ~exemplar.~Aquin.:
414 2, 61 | Further, the "perfect" virtues are those which are without
415 2, 61 | 5]) ~that the aforesaid virtues cannot be without passions.
416 2, 61 | that the ~"perfecting" virtues are those of the man "who
417 2, 61 | there are no ~"perfecting" virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[61] A[
418 2, 61 | Scip. 1) that the ~"social" virtues are those "whereby good
419 2, 61 | v, ~1). Therefore other virtues should not be called "social."~
420 2, 61 | place there are social* ~virtues; secondly, there are perfecting
421 2, 61 | secondly, there are perfecting virtues [*Virtutes purgatoriae: ~
422 2, 61 | literally meaning, cleansing virtues]; thirdly, there are perfect ~[*
423 2, 61 | purgati animi: literally, virtues of the clean soul] virtues; ~
424 2, 61 | virtues of the clean soul] virtues; ~and fourthly, there are
425 2, 61 | fourthly, there are exemplar virtues.'" [*Cf. Chrysostom's fifteenth ~
426 2, 61 | thus we speak of "exemplar" virtues: so that in ~God the Divine
427 2, 61 | Chrysostom] animal, these virtues, in so far as they are in
428 2, 61 | nature, are called "social" virtues; since it is ~by reason
429 2, 61 | have been speaking of these virtues ~until now.~Aquin.: SMT
430 2, 61 | we must needs place some ~virtues between the social or human
431 2, 61 | between the social or human virtues, and the exemplar virtues ~
432 2, 61 | virtues, and the exemplar virtues ~which are Divine. Now these
433 2, 61 | which are Divine. Now these virtues differ by reason of a difference
434 2, 61 | and term: so that some are virtues of men who are on their
435 2, 61 | are called ~"perfecting" virtues. Thus prudence, by contemplating
436 2, 61 | Besides these there are the virtues of those who have already ~
437 2, 61 | are called the "perfect ~virtues." Thus prudence sees nought
438 2, 61 | everlasting covenant. Such as the virtues attributed to the Blessed, ~
439 2, 61 | Philosopher is speaking of these virtues according as ~they relate
440 2, 61 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Human virtues, that is to say, virtues
441 2, 61 | virtues, that is to say, virtues of men living ~together
442 2, 61 | about the passions. But the virtues of those ~who have attained
443 2, 61 | Scip. 1) that "the social virtues check ~the passions," i.e.
444 2, 61 | kind," viz. the perfecting virtues, "uproot them"; "the third
445 2, 61 | kind," viz. ~the perfect virtues, "forget them; while it
446 2, 61 | them in ~connection with virtues of the fourth kind," viz.
447 2, 61 | kind," viz. the exemplar virtues. ~It may also be said that
448 2, 61 | by commanding the other virtues it draws them all into the
449 2, 61 | that it concerns the human virtues, as we understand them here,
450 2, 62 | 1/1 - OF THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES (FOUR ARTICLES)~We must
451 2, 62 | consider the Theological Virtues: under which head there
452 2, 62 | there are any theological virtues?~(2) Whether the theological
453 2, 62 | Whether the theological virtues are distinct from the intellectual ~
454 2, 62 | intellectual ~and moral virtues?~(3) How many, and which
455 2, 62 | there are any theological virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
456 2, 62 | are not any theological virtues. For ~according to Phys.
457 2, 62 | Therefore the theological virtues are not virtues of a man.~
458 2, 62 | theological virtues are not virtues of a man.~Aquin.: SMT FS
459 2, 62 | 2: Further, theological virtues are quasi-Divine virtues.
460 2, 62 | virtues are quasi-Divine virtues. But the ~Divine virtues
461 2, 62 | virtues. But the ~Divine virtues are exemplars, as stated
462 2, 62 | Therefore the theological virtues are not virtues ~of man.~
463 2, 62 | theological virtues are not virtues ~of man.~Aquin.: SMT FS
464 2, 62 | Further, the theological virtues are so called because they ~
465 2, 62 | faith, hope, and charity are virtues directing us to God. Therefore
466 2, 62 | Therefore they ~are theological virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
467 2, 62 | are called ~"theological virtues": first, because their object
468 2, 62 | thirdly, because these virtues are not made known to us,
469 2, 62 | and thus these theological virtues surpass the ~nature of man.
470 2, 62 | stated above: so that these virtues are ~proportionate to man
471 2, 62 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: These virtues are called Divine, not as
472 2, 62 | exemplar but exemplate ~virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
473 2, 62 | Whether the theological virtues are distinct from the intellectual
474 2, 62 | intellectual and ~moral virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
475 2, 62 | seem that the theological virtues are not distinct from ~the
476 2, 62 | the moral and intellectual virtues. For the theological virtues,
477 2, 62 | virtues. For the theological virtues, if they ~be in a human
478 2, 62 | appetitive part. Now the virtues which perfect the ~intellective
479 2, 62 | called intellectual; and the virtues which perfect ~the appetitive
480 2, 62 | Therefore, the theological virtues ~are not distinct from the
481 2, 62 | the moral and intellectual virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
482 2, 62 | Further, the theological virtues are those which direct us
483 2, 62 | among the intellectual virtues there is one which directs
484 2, 62 | Therefore the theological virtues are not distinct from ~the
485 2, 62 | distinct from ~the intellectual virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
486 2, 62 | shows how the four ~cardinal virtues are the "order of love."
487 2, 62 | virtue. Therefore the moral virtues are not distinct from the ~
488 2, 62 | nature. But the theological virtues are above ~man's nature;
489 2, 62 | the intellectual and moral virtues are in proportion ~to his
490 2, 62 | object of the theological virtues is ~God Himself, Who is
491 2, 62 | intellectual and moral ~virtues is something comprehensible
492 2, 62 | Wherefore the ~theological virtues are specifically distinct
493 2, 62 | moral and ~intellectual virtues.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
494 2, 62 | The intellectual and moral virtues perfect man's intellect ~
495 2, 62 | nature; the theological ~virtues, supernaturally.~Aquin.:
496 2, 62 | essentially: but that ~all other virtues depend on charity in some
497 2, 62 | reckoned as theological ~virtues?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[62] A[
498 2, 62 | reckoned as three theological virtues. For the theological virtues
499 2, 62 | virtues. For the theological virtues are in ~relation to Divine
500 2, 62 | connatural end. Now among the virtues directed to the connatural ~
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