1-500 | 501-1000 | 1001-1500 | 1501-1659
Part, Question
1 1, 8 | incorporeal substances, ~like God, angel and soul, are called indivisible.
2 1, 10 | In the very being of an angel considered absolutely, there ~
3 1, 10 | change. Now to say that an angel was, or is, or will be,
4 1, 10 | But when we say that an angel is, or was, we suppose something, ~
5 1, 10 | and non-existence of an angel considered absolutely is
6 1, 10 | make the existence of an angel ~not future; but He cannot
7 1, 10 | on ~each other, for one angel is not the cause of another
8 1, 10 | not the cause of another angel. Therefore ~there is not
9 1, 12 | says (Div. Nom. iv): "An angel is a ~pure mirror, most
10 1, 12 | seen. ~Therefore since an angel by his natural power understands
11 1, 12 | He is supremely so ~to an angel. Therefore, if he can understand
12 1, 12 | knowing God is natural to an angel - namely, ~to know Him by
13 1, 12 | likeness refulgent in the angel himself. But to ~know God
14 1, 12 | does not follow that an angel can know ~the essence of
15 1, 12 | also, the intellect ~of an angel, although it naturally knows
16 1, 12 | spiritual creature is the angel who sees God. ~Therefore
17 1, 20 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, an angel is better than a man. Hence
18 1, 20 | measure of a man and of an angel is the same. ~Yet so that,
19 1, 20 | to natural condition an ~angel is better than a man. God
20 1, 25 | contrary to the word of the angel, saying: "No word ~shall
21 1, 34 | also, "the word is the angel" - that is, the ~messenger "
22 1, 41 | for we can say that ~an angel is "of" an intellectual
23 1, 43 | signify the person of an angel, but to signify the Person ~
24 1, 43 | sent visibly, and not as an angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[43] A[
25 1, 45 | may say that a ~superior angel illuminates an inferior,
26 1, 46 | least ~some creature, as an angel, but not man. But we are
27 1, 50 | Holy Scripture is called ~angel; secondly, the creature
28 1, 50 | incorporeal?~(2) Supposing that an angel is such, we ask whether
29 1, 50 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal?~
30 1, 50 | 1: It would seem that an angel is not entirely incorporeal.
31 1, 50 | Fide Orth. ii) that ~"an angel is said to be incorporeal
32 1, 50 | Fide Orth. ii) that "an angel ~is an ever movable intellectual
33 1, 50 | substance." Therefore an angel is a ~corporeal substance. ~
34 1, 50 | intelligence and will. Therefore an angel is called an ever mobile ~
35 1, 50 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel is composed of matter and
36 1, 50 | 1: It would seem that an angel is composed of matter and
37 1, 50 | matter and form. But an angel is in the genus of substance.
38 1, 50 | properties are found in the angel. Therefore an angel is ~
39 1, 50 | the angel. Therefore an angel is ~composed of matter and
40 1, 50 | only is pure act. But an ~angel is not pure act, for this
41 1, 50 | God alone. Therefore an angel ~is not form only, but has
42 1, 50 | form. But the form of an angel ~is not infinite, for every
43 1, 50 | Therefore the form of an ~angel is in matter.~Aquin.: SMT
44 1, 50 | of matter and form in an ~angel, yet there is act and potentiality.
45 1, 50 | is what some say, that an angel ~is composed of, "whereby
46 1, 50 | OBJ 3: Further, soul and angel are contra-distinguished
47 1, 50 | Damascene, speaking of the angel, says (De Fide Orth. ii,
48 1, 50 | matter. Hence, ~since an angel is a subsisting form, as
49 1, 50 | its being. Therefore, the angel's immateriality is the cause ~
50 1, 51 | Hom. x in Ev.) calls an angel a rational ~animal. But
51 1, 51 | OBJ 2: Gregory calls the angel a rational animal metaphorically, ~
52 1, 51 | superfluous in the work of an angel, as there is nothing of
53 1, 51 | assume bodies, because an angel has no need for a body,
54 1, 51 | bodily power. Therefore an angel does not assume a body.~
55 1, 51 | body is not ~united to an angel as to a form, as stated (
56 1, 51 | as it ~is united to the angel as to a mover, it is not
57 1, 51 | Sodom; in like manner the angel who ~appeared to Tobias
58 1, 51 | assumed is united to the angel not as its form, ~nor merely
59 1, 51 | intelligible properties of an angel. ~And this is what we mean
60 1, 51 | this is what we mean by an angel assuming a body.~Aquin.:
61 1, 51 | the body assumed by the angel, if ~he perceived nothing
62 1, 51 | means. Consequently, the angel perceives by ~the assumed
63 1, 51 | when Tobias said to the angel (Tob. ~5:7,8): "Knowest
64 1, 51 | the eye the power of the angel's knowledge is ~pointed
65 1, 51 | eating. This is what the angel ~said to Tobias: "When I
66 1, 52 | subjects of inquiry:~(1) Is the angel in a place?~(2) Can he be
67 1, 52 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel is in a place?~Aquin.: SMT
68 1, 52 | 1: It would seem that an angel is not in a place. For Boethius
69 1, 52 | a movable body." But an angel is not a body, as was shown
70 1, 52 | above ~(Q[50]). Therefore an angel is not in a place.~Aquin.:
71 1, 52 | position cannot ~benefit an angel, since his substance is
72 1, 52 | a position. Therefore an angel is not in a ~place.~Aquin.:
73 1, 52 | iv, text ~14,119). But an angel can neither be measured
74 1, 52 | text 35,49). Therefore an angel is not in a ~place.~Aquin.:
75 1, 52 | that, It is befitting an angel to be in a place; yet an
76 1, 52 | to be in a place; yet an angel ~and a body are said to
77 1, 52 | virtual one. Consequently an ~angel is said to be in a corporeal
78 1, 52 | need for saying that an angel can be deemed ~commensurate
79 1, 52 | on this account for the ~angel to be contained by a place;
80 1, 52 | by it. In the same way an angel is said to be in a place
81 1, 52 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel can be in several places
82 1, 52 | 1: It would seem that an angel can be in several places
83 1, 52 | places at once. For ~an angel is not less endowed with
84 1, 52 | Trin. vi). Therefore an angel can be in several places ~
85 1, 52 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, an angel is in the body which he
86 1, 52 | various ~places. Therefore the angel is at one time in various
87 1, 52 | Orth. ii) that "where the angel ~operates, there he is."
88 1, 52 | as is evident from the angel destroying Sodom (Gn. 19:
89 1, 52 | Gn. 19:25). ~Therefore an angel can be in several places
90 1, 52 | Para. 1/5~I answer that, An angel's power and nature are finite,
91 1, 52 | everywhere. Now since the ~angel's power is finite, it does
92 1, 52 | power. Hence, since the angel is ~in a place by the application
93 1, 52 | the ~indivisibility of the angel to be like that of a point;
94 1, 52 | consequently they ~thought that an angel could be only in a place
95 1, 52 | its situation; whereas the angel is indivisible, and beyond
96 1, 52 | Para. 3/5~Neither, if any angel moves the heavens, is it
97 1, 52 | differently to a body, to an angel, and to God. For a body
98 1, 52 | measured by the place. An angel, ~however, is not there
99 1, 52 | greater difference between an angel and a ~body than there is
100 1, 52 | between two angels. But an angel and a body are at the ~one
101 1, 52 | movement. Hence, since ~the angel is said to be in one place
102 1, 52 | there can be but one angel in one place.~Aquin.: SMT
103 1, 52 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: An angel and a body are not in a
104 1, 53 | inquiry:~(1) Whether an angel can be moved locally.~(2)
105 1, 53 | space?~(3) Whether the angel's movement is in time or
106 1, 53 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel can be moved locally?~Aquin.:
107 1, 53 | OBJ 1: It seems that an angel cannot be moved locally.
108 1, 53 | term ~"whereto." But an angel is without parts. Therefore
109 1, 53 | without parts. Therefore an angel cannot be ~moved locally.~
110 1, 53 | text 14). But a beatified angel is not ~imperfect. Consequently
111 1, 53 | Consequently a beatified angel is not moved locally.~Aquin.:
112 1, 53 | same thing for a beatified angel to be moved ~as for a beatified
113 1, 53 | Hell. Therefore a beatified angel is moved ~locally.~Aquin.:
114 1, 53 | answer that, A beatified angel can be moved locally. As,
115 1, 53 | equivocally to a body and to an angel, so likewise ~does local
116 1, 53 | Phys. iv, text 99). But an angel is not in a place as commensurate
117 1, 53 | the ~local movement of an angel to be commensurate with
118 1, 53 | movement. For since the angel is in ~a place only by virtual
119 1, 53 | that the movement of an angel in a place is nothing ~else
120 1, 53 | not at ~once; because an angel cannot be in several places
121 1, 53 | a divisible place to an angel ~according to virtual contact;
122 1, 53 | movement; so likewise an angel can successively ~quit the
123 1, 53 | this cannot be said of an angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[53] A[
124 1, 53 | Therefore, according as the angel's movement is not ~continuous,
125 1, 53 | good. But according ~as the angel's movement is held to be
126 1, 53 | granted, ~that, while an angel is in movement, he is partly
127 1, 53 | partiality be not referred to the angel's substance, but to the
128 1, 53 | continuous movement the angel is in the ~whole divisible
129 1, 53 | places appertains to the angel from this, ~that he can
130 1, 53 | magnitude; but regarding an angel, that his power can be applied
131 1, 53 | because of our need, the ~angel is moved locally, according
132 1, 53 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel passes through intermediate
133 1, 53 | 1: It would seem that an angel does not pass through intermediate ~
134 1, 53 | the place responding to an angel, who is indivisible, is
135 1, 53 | point. Therefore if the angel passes through middle space,
136 1, 53 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, an angel is of simpler substance
137 1, 53 | Therefore much ~more can an angel pass from one extreme to
138 1, 53 | On the contrary, If the angel be moved from one place
139 1, 53 | the local ~motion of an angel can be continuous, and non-continuous.
140 1, 53 | If it be ~continuous, the angel cannot pass from one extreme
141 1, 53 | Body Para. 2/4~But if an angel's movement be not continuous,
142 1, 53 | Accordingly, then, as the angel's movement ~is not continuous,
143 1, 53 | quite in keeping with an angel's nature; but ~not with
144 1, 53 | in its ~movement. But an angel's substance is not subject
145 1, 53 | Reply OBJ 1: The place of an angel is not taken as equal to
146 1, 53 | contact of power: and so the ~angel's place can be divisible,
147 1, 53 | 1~Reply OBJ 2: While an angel is moved locally, his essence
148 1, 53 | Whether the movement of an angel is instantaneous?~Aquin.:
149 1, 53 | 1: It would seem that an angel's movement is instantaneous.
150 1, 53 | movement. But the power of an angel moving himself ~exceeds
151 1, 53 | body is moved in time, an angel is moved in ~an instant.~
152 1, 53 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, the angel's movement is simpler than
153 1, 53 | Much more therefore is the angel's movement instantaneous.~
154 1, 53 | 1~OBJ 3: Further, if an angel be moved from place to place
155 1, 53 | every ~movement, even of an angel, is in time, since there
156 1, 53 | the local movement of an angel ~is instantaneous. They
157 1, 53 | They said that when an angel is moved from place to ~
158 1, 53 | the local movement of an angel is ~not the term of any
159 1, 53 | that the ~movement of an angel is in time. It is in continuous
160 1, 53 | the heavens; because the angel's movement does not depend ~
161 1, 53 | OBJ 1: If the time of the angel's movement be not continuous,
162 1, 53 | Besides, the swiftness of the angel's ~movement is not measured
163 1, 53 | what is remote. But the ~angel's movement is local, and,
164 1, 53 | But the same ~time of an angel's movement can be non-continuous.
165 1, 53 | be non-continuous. So an angel can be in ~one place in
166 1, 53 | intervening. If the time of the angel's movement be ~continuous,
167 1, 54 | considering what belongs to the angel's substance, we now proceed ~
168 1, 54 | points of inquiry:~(1) Is the angel's understanding his substance?~(
169 1, 54 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel's act of understanding is
170 1, 54 | It would seem that the angel's act of understanding is
171 1, 54 | his ~substance. For the angel is both higher and simpler
172 1, 54 | Therefore much more is the ~angel's substance his action -
173 1, 54 | intellect is the essence of an angel who ~understands. ~Aquin.:
174 1, 54 | the middle is. ~But in an angel the intellect and the object
175 1, 54 | with the substance of the angel who understands.~Aquin.:
176 1, 54 | neither the action of an angel, nor of any other ~creature,
177 1, 54 | impossible for the action of an angel, or of any ~creature, to
178 1, 54 | Para. 2/3~Besides, if an angel's act of understanding were
179 1, 54 | subsists. ~Consequently an angel's substance would neither
180 1, 54 | the substance of another angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[54] A[
181 1, 54 | Body Para. 3/3~Also, if the angel were his own act of understanding,
182 1, 54 | Para. 1/1~Whether in the angel to understand is to exist?~
183 1, 54 | It would seem that in the angel to understand is to exist.
184 1, 54 | 37). Therefore in the angel to understand is to exist.~
185 1, 54 | But the form whereby the angel exists is the same as the
186 1, 54 | himself. Therefore in the angel to ~understand is to exist.~
187 1, 54 | 1/1~On the contrary, The angel's act of understanding is
188 1, 54 | movement. ~Therefore in the angel to be is not to understand.~
189 1, 54 | that, The action of the angel, as also the action of any
190 1, 54 | OBJ 2: The essence of an angel is the reason of his entire ~
191 1, 54 | to the existence of ~the angel, whereas to his act of understanding
192 1, 54 | does not follow that in the angel "to be" ~is the same as '
193 1, 54 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel's power of intelligence
194 1, 54 | It would seem that in an angel the power or faculty of ~
195 1, 54 | minds." Therefore ~the angel is his own power of intelligence.~
196 1, 54 | 1~OBJ 2: Further, if the angel's power of intelligence
197 1, 54 | states (De Trin. 1). Thus an angel would not ~be a simple form,
198 1, 54 | this it would seem that the angel is of a simpler nature ~
199 1, 54 | Therefore much more is an angel his own power of intelligence.~
200 1, 54 | answer that, Neither in an angel nor in any creature, is
201 1, 54 | is ~operation. But in the angel to understand is not the
202 1, 54 | his existence. Hence the angel's essence is not his power
203 1, 54 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: An angel is called "intellect" and "
204 1, 54 | such a simple form is an angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[54] A[
205 1, 54 | passive intellect in an angel?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[54] A[
206 1, 54 | passive ~intellect in an angel. The Philosopher says (De
207 1, 54 | make all ~things." But an angel is a kind of nature. Therefore
208 1, 54 | passive intellect in an angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[54] A[
209 1, 54 | iii, text. 2,3,18. But an angel ~receives enlightenment
210 1, 54 | enlightenment from a higher angel, and enlightens a lower
211 1, 54 | But this is not so ~in the angel. Therefore there is no active
212 1, 54 | passive intellect in the angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[54] A[
213 1, 54 | actually. Hence for one angel to enlighten another does ~
214 1, 54 | passive intellect for the angel to be enlightened with regard
215 1, 55 | happening upon earth." ~But the angel's nature is his essence.
216 1, 55 | his essence. Therefore the angel knows things ~by his essence.~
217 1, 55 | of the container. But an angel has an intellectual ~nature.
218 1, 55 | all in all. Therefore the angel ~knows all things in his
219 1, 55 | intellective power of the angel extends to understanding
220 1, 55 | or universal ~truth. The angel's essence, however, does
221 1, 55 | by ~His essence. But an angel cannot know all things by
222 1, 55 | When it is said that the angel knows things according to ~
223 1, 55 | power, which belongs to the angel of his own ~nature.~Aquin.:
224 1, 55 | things which are beneath the angel, and those which are ~above
225 1, 55 | formality - because the angel's essence, as ~being finite,
226 1, 55 | own essence: and this the angel has not, but only a common ~
227 1, 55 | else caused by it. Now the angel's ~knowledge is not the
228 1, 55 | us from saying that the angel understands through ~species
229 1, 55 | objects. Therefore, if the angel does not understand by species
230 1, 55 | images of creatures in the angel's mind, not, ~indeed derived
231 1, 55 | is impossible, since the angel has no imagination, as was ~
232 1, 55 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: The angel's knowledge is quite indifferent
233 1, 55 | many. But if the ~higher angel knows various things by
234 1, 55 | universal form, which the lower ~angel knows by several special
235 1, 55 | follows that the higher angel ~uses one universal form
236 1, 55 | 2/2~Thus the higher the angel is, by so much the fewer
237 1, 55 | which is in the mind of the angel, so that, on account of ~
238 1, 56 | Out. Para. 1/1 - OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF IMMATERIAL
239 1, 56 | of inquiry: ~(1) Does an angel know himself?~(2) Does one
240 1, 56 | know himself?~(2) Does one angel know another?~(3) Does the
241 1, 56 | know another?~(3) Does the angel know God by his own natural
242 1, 56 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel knows himself?~Aquin.: SMT
243 1, 56 | 1: It would seem that an angel does not know himself. For
244 1, 56 | power is known. Therefore an angel ~does not know his own essence.~
245 1, 56 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, an angel is a single substance, otherwise
246 1, 56 | intelligible. Therefore, since the angel possesses only knowledge
247 1, 56 | which ~is intellectual, no angel can know himself.~Aquin.:
248 1, 56 | corporeal ~things. Therefore the angel cannot understand himself.~
249 1, 56 | Gen. ad lit. ii) that "the angel knew ~himself when he was
250 1, 56 | understand itself. And since an angel is immaterial, he is a subsisting ~
251 1, 56 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether one angel knows another?~Aquin.: SMT
252 1, 56 | It would seem that one angel does not know another. For
253 1, 56 | it is its cause." But one angel is not the cause of ~another.
254 1, 56 | another. Therefore one angel does not know another.~Aquin.:
255 1, 56 | 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, one angel cannot be known to another
256 1, 56 | cannot be known to another angel by the ~essence of the one
257 1, 56 | But the essence of the angel knowing is not like the
258 1, 56 | like the essence of ~the angel known, except generically;
259 1, 56 | Hence, it follows that one angel ~would not have a particular
260 1, 56 | cannot be said that one angel knows another ~by the essence
261 1, 56 | another ~by the essence of the angel known; because that whereby
262 1, 56 | cannot be said that one angel knows the ~other by a species;
263 1, 56 | would not differ from the angel ~understood, since each
264 1, 56 | does it appear ~that one angel can understand another.~
265 1, 56 | 1~OBJ 4: Further, if one angel did understand another,
266 1, 56 | were now ~to create another angel, such an angel could not
267 1, 56 | create another angel, such an angel could not be known by the
268 1, 56 | way does it seem that one ~angel knows another.~Aquin.: SMT
269 1, 56 | God; yet so that in every angel ~there was impressed the
270 1, 56 | 2). So the nature of an angel does not hinder him from
271 1, 56 | effect does not lead one angel to ~know another, except
272 1, 56 | Para. 1/1 ~Reply OBJ 3: One angel knows another by the species
273 1, 56 | another by the species of such angel ~existing in his intellect,
274 1, 56 | which differs from the angel whose image it ~is, not
275 1, 56 | intentional existence. The angel is himself a subsisting
276 1, 56 | the intellect of another angel ~is not so, for there it
277 1, 56 | intelligible ~species to an angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[56] A[
278 1, 56 | above the intellect of an angel. But ~what is infinitely
279 1, 56 | Therefore it appears that an ~angel cannot know God by his natural
280 1, 56 | shown ~(Q[12], A[4]), an angel cannot have the former knowledge
281 1, 56 | so we have said that an angel knows ~himself - secondly,
282 1, 56 | his natural principles the angel ~knows God, stands midway
283 1, 56 | on the very nature of the angel in his ~essence, the angel
284 1, 56 | angel in his ~essence, the angel knows God in as much as
285 1, 56 | 1~Reply OBJ 2: Since an angel's intellect and essence
286 1, 56 | infinitely remote from the angel, so the knowledge which
287 1, 56 | above the knowledge which an angel has of Him.~Aquin.: SMT
288 1, 56 | The knowledge which an angel has of God is midway between ~
289 1, 57 | Out. Para. 1/1 - OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL
290 1, 57 | man's soul, nor into the ~angel's mind. Therefore they cannot
291 1, 57 | nature is inferior ~to the angel's, can know material things.
292 1, 57 | more can the ~mind of an angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[57] A[
293 1, 57 | in the intellect ~of an angel are perfections and acts
294 1, 57 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: If an angel were to draw his knowledge
295 1, 57 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel knows singulars?~Aquin.:
296 1, 57 | assimilation ~to exist between an angel and a singular object, in
297 1, 57 | above (Q[50], A[2]), an angel is ~immaterial, while matter
298 1, 57 | singularity. Therefore the ~angel cannot know singulars.~Aquin.:
299 1, 57 | 1~OBJ 3: Further, if an angel does know singulars, it
300 1, 57 | potentially. Therefore the angel does ~not know singulars.~
301 1, 57 | 5:5: "Say not before the angel: There is no ~providence."
302 1, 57 | others have said that the angel possesses knowledge of ~
303 1, 57 | corporeal ~by the senses, so an angel knows both by his one mental
304 1, 57 | cases. Accordingly, since an angel is above man in the ~order
305 1, 57 | powers something which an angel by his one faculty of knowledge, ~
306 1, 57 | 4~The manner in which an angel knows singular things can
307 1, 57 | reason, the species in the angel's intellect, which are images ~
308 1, 57 | differences of time. But ~the angel's intellect is above time;
309 1, 57 | aeviternity. ~Therefore, to the angel's mind, past and future
310 1, 57 | 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, the angel does not understand by species
311 1, 57 | 13]). But ~the mind of an angel, and every created intellect,
312 1, 57 | Reply OBJ 2: Although the angel's intellect is above that
313 1, 57 | there is succession in the angel's ~intellect, not all things
314 1, 57 | species in the intellect of an angel, in so ~far as they are
315 1, 57 | species ~in the mind of an angel: and so they can be known
316 1, 57 | species, whose image is in the angel; whereas ~this is not true
317 1, 57 | Mt. 22:30). Therefore an angel can see what is in another'
318 1, 57 | Consequently, when one angel beholds ~another, or even
319 1, 57 | our intellect resemble the angel more than ~do the images
320 1, 57 | imagination can be known by an angel as corporeal things ~are
321 1, 57 | Therefore it ~seems that an angel can know the thoughts of
322 1, 57 | be known not only by an angel, but also by ~man; and with
323 1, 57 | Reply OBJ 2: Although one angel sees the intelligible species
324 1, 57 | not follow that, if the angel knows what is passing through
325 1, 57 | twofold knowledge in the angel. The first is ~his natural
326 1, 57 | will of God: ~and if an angel cannot learn the thoughts
327 1, 57 | the thoughts of another angel, which depend ~upon the
328 1, 57 | depend ~upon the will of such angel, much less can he ascertain
329 1, 58 | inquiry:~(1) Whether the angel's intellect be sometimes
330 1, 58 | in act?~(2) Whether the angel can understand many things
331 1, 58 | same time?~(3) Whether the angel's knowledge is discursive?~(
332 1, 58 | there can be error in the angel's intellect?~(6) Whether
333 1, 58 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angel's intellect is sometimes
334 1, 58 | It would seem that the angel's intellect is sometimes
335 1, 58 | to look." Therefore the ~angel's intellect is sometimes
336 1, 58 | its substance." But the angel's ~intelligence has some
337 1, 58 | Therefore the intellect of an angel is not in potentiality.~
338 1, 58 | consider." In the first way an angel's intellect is ~never in
339 1, 58 | 2/2~In the second way an angel's intellect can be in potentiality
340 1, 58 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: In the angel's substance there is no
341 1, 58 | act. In the same way, the angel's intellect is never so
342 1, 58 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel can understand many things
343 1, 58 | 1: It would seem that an angel cannot understand many things
344 1, 58 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel's knowledge is discursive?~
345 1, 58 | that the knowledge of an angel is discursive. For ~the
346 1, 58 | Therefore the intellect of an angel ~knows by discursive method.~
347 1, 58 | Therefore the intellect of the angel, ~which is higher in the
348 1, 58 | Metaph. vii). ~Therefore an angel's knowledge is discursive.~
349 1, 58 | composition and division in the angel's mind.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[
350 1, 58 | affirmation and negation. But the angel knows certain distant natures
351 1, 58 | Therefore it seems that the angel ~understands by composing
352 1, 58 | intellectual ~power of the angel shines forth with the clear
353 1, 58 | division. ~Therefore the angel understands without composition
354 1, 58 | light is perfect ~in the angel, for he is a pure and most
355 1, 58 | it follows that as the angel does not understand by ~
356 1, 58 | denied of, another. When an angel apprehends the ~nature of
357 1, 58 | falsehood in the intellect of an angel?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[58] A[
358 1, 58 | can be falsehood in the angel's ~intellect. For perversity
359 1, 58 | deception nor falsehood in the angel's ~knowledge.~Aquin.: SMT
360 1, 58 | been said (A[4]) that an angel understands not by ~composing
361 1, 58 | itself in ~the mind of any angel; yet it does so happen accidentally;
362 1, 58 | darkness in the knowledge of an angel; since ~there is no error
363 1, 58 | in a dark place." So the ~angel's knowledge by which he
364 1, 58 | different from the morning, the angel could never exercise his
365 1, 58 | thing can be known by the ~angel through the uncreated Word,
366 1, 59 | Whether the will of the angel is his nature, or his intellect?~(
367 1, 59 | It would seem that in the angel the will does not differ
368 1, 59 | from the nature. For an angel is more simple than a natural ~
369 1, 59 | Therefore much more so is the angel. Now the angel's ~form is
370 1, 59 | so is the angel. Now the angel's ~form is either the nature
371 1, 59 | intellect. Therefore the angel inclines towards the ~good
372 1, 59 | Therefore the will of ~the angel does not differ from his
373 1, 59 | neither the will of the angel, nor that ~of any creature,
374 1, 59 | thing as the intellect ~of angel or man. Because knowledge
375 1, 59 | matters differs from an angel's in this, ~that the one
376 1, 59 | naturally ~have. Consequently an angel would not be perfect in
377 1, 59 | argue imperfection in an ~angel if his will be not determined
378 1, 60 | choice?~(3) Whether the angel loves himself with natural
379 1, 60 | choice?~(4) Whether one angel loves another with natural
380 1, 60 | himself?~(5) Whether the angel loves God more than self
381 1, 60 | love or dilection in an angel?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[60] A[
382 1, 60 | Dionysius (Div. Nom. iv). But an angel's love is ~intellectual.
383 1, 60 | something. Therefore, since an ~angel is an intellectual nature,
384 1, 60 | nothing unfitting in an angel being moved to act in so
385 1, 60 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angel loves himself with both
386 1, 60 | It would seem that the angel does not love himself both
387 1, 60 | together. Therefore the angel cannot love himself.~Aquin.:
388 1, 60 | Therefore it seems that an angel cannot love ~himself with
389 1, 60 | upwards. Consequently both angel and man naturally seek their
390 1, 60 | This is to love self. Hence angel and man naturally ~love
391 1, 60 | different aspects ~that an angel or a man loves self with
392 1, 60 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel loves another with natural
393 1, 60 | 1: It would seem that an angel does not love another with
394 1, 60 | follows knowledge. But an angel does ~not know another as
395 1, 60 | Therefore it seems that one angel does not love another ~with
396 1, 60 | ix, 8). Therefore one ~angel does not love another as
397 1, 60 | is ~unremovable. But no angel is the end of another; and
398 1, 60 | good angels. Therefore an angel does not love another with
399 1, 60 | Ecclus. 13:19. Therefore an angel naturally loves another
400 1, 60 | was observed (A[3]), both angel and man naturally love ~
401 1, 60 | it must be said that one angel loves another with natural ~
402 1, 60 | nature. But so far as an ~angel has something else in common
403 1, 60 | else in common with another angel, or differs from ~him in
404 1, 60 | and loved: and thus ~one angel knows another as himself,
405 1, 60 | and lover. And thus one ~angel does not know another as
406 1, 60 | upon natural unity, the angel naturally ~loves less what
407 1, 60 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel by natural love loves God
408 1, 60 | It would seem that the angel does not love God by natural
409 1, 60 | according to natural love, the angel loves God less ~than self,
410 1, 60 | self, or even than another angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[60] A[
411 1, 60 | for itself. Therefore the angel ~does not love God more
412 1, 60 | nature itself. Therefore the angel does not love God ~more
413 1, 60 | self does not remain in the angel or man who sins; for ~Augustine
414 1, 60 | Consequently from ~natural love the angel loves God more than himself.~
415 1, 60 | some who maintained that an angel loves ~God more than himself
416 1, 60 | this good both ~man and angel and all creatures are comprised,
417 1, 60 | that from ~natural love angel and man alike love God before
418 1, 60 | that God is loved by an angel "in so far" ~as He is good
419 1, 60 | far" ~as He is good to the angel, if the expression "in so
420 1, 61 | inquiry:~(1) Whether the angel has a cause of his existence? ~(
421 1, 61 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angel was produced by God from
422 1, 61 | It would seem that the angel was produced by God from
423 1, 61 | God is the cause of the angel by His being: for He does
424 1, 61 | subject to time. But the angel is above time, as is laid
425 1, 61 | De Causis. Therefore the angel is not at one time existing ~
426 1, 61 | nature of the soul and of the angel is not only incorruptible,
427 1, 61 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: An angel is above that time which
428 1, 61 | more ~eminent way. But an angel is a part of the universe.
429 1, 61 | the person of the sinning angel: "I ~will ascend into heaven" (
430 1, 61 | unto which the sinning angel wished ~to ascend, when
431 1, 62 | first beatitude, ~which the angel could procure by his natural
432 1, 62 | already blessed. Because the angel does not acquire such beatitude
433 1, 62 | natural perfection which ~the angel had in the state of innocence.~
434 1, 62 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: The angel has a twofold knowledge
435 1, 62 | both kinds of knowledge the angel knows things in ~the Word;
436 1, 62 | Word ~was present to the angel from the outset of his creation;
437 1, 62 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel needs grace in order to
438 1, 62 | It would seem that the angel had no need of grace in
439 1, 62 | accomplish ~naturally. But the angel naturally turns to God:
440 1, 62 | 60], A[5]). Therefore ~an angel did not need grace in order
441 1, 62 | a difficult task for the angel to turn to God; because
442 1, 62 | such turning. Therefore the angel had no need of ~grace in
443 1, 62 | infinity. Therefore the angel did not ~need grace to turn
444 1, 62 | turning to God that the angel reached to ~beatitude. If,
445 1, 62 | it ~must be said that an angel could not of his own will
446 1, 62 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: The angel loves God naturally, so
447 1, 62 | But it is difficult for an angel, only because it is supernatural.~
448 1, 62 | God. If, ~therefore, the angel had been created in grace,
449 1, 62 | been created in grace, no angel would ever have ~turned
450 1, 62 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether an angel merits his beatitude?~Aquin.:
451 1, 62 | It would seem that the angel did not merit his beatitude.
452 1, 62 | meritorious act. But the angel ~experienced no difficulty
453 1, 62 | was ~quite natural for the angel to turn to God. Therefore
454 1, 62 | Further, if a beatified angel merited his beatitude, he
455 1, 62 | because in that case a lower angel could by ~meriting rise
456 1, 62 | admissible. Consequently the ~angel did not merit his beatitude.~
457 1, 62 | that the "measure of the ~angel" in that heavenly Jerusalem
458 1, 62 | same is the case with the angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[62] A[
459 1, 62 | then, that both man and ~angel merited their beatitude.~
460 1, 62 | Body Para. 2/4~And if the angel was created in grace, without
461 1, 62 | is better to say that the angel had grace ere he was ~admitted
462 1, 62 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: The angel's difficulty of working
463 1, 62 | Para. 1/2~Reply OBJ 2: An angel did not merit beatitude
464 1, 62 | Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether the angel obtained beatitude immediately
465 1, 62 | It would seem that the angel did not possess beatitude
466 1, 62 | to do well ~than for an angel. But man is not rewarded
467 1, 62 | Therefore neither was the angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[62] A[
468 1, 62 | 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, an angel could act at once, and in
469 1, 62 | generation. Consequently, if the ~angel merited beatitude by one
470 1, 62 | between. Therefore the ~angel would have to pass through
471 1, 62 | contrary, Man's soul and an angel are ordained alike for ~
472 1, 62 | obstacle. ~Therefore so does an angel. Now an angel instantly,
473 1, 62 | so does an angel. Now an angel instantly, in his first
474 1, 62 | 1/1~I answer that, The angel was beatified instantly
475 1, 62 | AA[3],4). But as the ~angel is of his nature inclined
476 1, 62 | instantly after merit the angel secured ~beatitude. Now
477 1, 62 | the merit of beatitude in angel and man alike can be from ~
478 1, 62 | Hence it remains that an angel was beatified straightway
479 1, 62 | perfection at ~once, like the angel. Hence a longer way was
480 1, 62 | assigned to man than to the ~angel for securing beatitude.~
481 1, 62 | Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: The angel is above the time of corporeal
482 1, 62 | conceived, in one of which the angel merited beatitude, ~and
483 1, 62 | It is of the nature of an angel instantly to attain the ~
484 1, 62 | interval as through it ~the angel is brought to beatitude.~
485 1, 62 | OBJ 3: Further, man and angel are alike ordained for beatitude
486 1, 62 | Therefore neither does the angel.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[62] A[
487 1, 62 | evident on the part of the angel. The angel is not ~a compound
488 1, 62 | the part of the angel. The angel is not ~a compound of different
489 1, 62 | does the ~nature of the angel: and as God's will ordained
490 1, 62 | one. In like ~manner, an angel can know God by His essence,
491 1, 62 | love from existing in ~the angel conjointly with those of
492 1, 62 | 1/1~Whether a beatified angel can sin?~Aquin.: SMT FP
493 1, 62 | would seem that a beatified angel can sin. For, as was said ~
494 1, 62 | Therefore a beatified ~angel can sin.~Aquin.: SMT FP
495 1, 62 | 3). But the will of the angel in ~beatitude does not cease
496 1, 62 | goodness. Consequently the angel ~beholding God is disposed
497 1, 62 | Therefore ~the beatified angel can neither will nor act,
498 1, 62 | Consequently ~the beatified angel cannot sin.~Aquin.: SMT
499 1, 62 | 3: Although a beatified angel is not absolutely in the
500 1, 63 | in them?~(3) What did the angel seek in sinning?~(4) Supposing
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