Part, Question
1 1, 25 | for one who is bound ~by laws of a superior to forgive
2 1, 53 | it is bound to follow the laws of place in its ~movement.
3 1, 54 | it is bound to follow the laws of place in its ~movement.
4 1, 78 | things, and according ~to laws of things eternal we dispose
5 1, 95 | entirely exempt from the laws of nature, so as not to
6 1, 102 | ministers to execute his ~laws is a sign not only of his
7 1, 107 | are governed by different laws and ~administrators. Now
8 2, 5 | creature is subject to the laws of nature, ~from the very
9 2, 14 | nothing to do in making the laws. Therefore counsel is ~not
10 2, 29 | are praised for that "the laws were very well kept, because
11 2, 87 | inflicted according to human ~laws, is not always intended
12 2, 90 | says (Etym. v, 21) that "laws are enacted for ~no private
13 2, 90 | man is competent to make laws?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[90] A[
14 2, 90 | man is competent to make ~laws. For the Apostle says (Rm.
15 2, 90 | man is competent to make laws.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[90] A[
16 2, 90 | sovereign of a state can make laws for the state. Therefore
17 2, 90 | father of a family can ~make laws for his household.~Aquin.:
18 2, 90 | Wherefore the ~framing of laws belongs to him alone.~Aquin.:
19 2, 90 | even to the future, ~since "laws are binding in matters of
20 2, 90 | Decretals, dist. 4, that "laws ~are established when they
21 2, 91 | reason, are called human laws, provided the other essential
22 2, 91 | concerned. Wherefore human laws cannot ~have that inerrancy
23 2, 91 | natural ~law, and human laws derived therefrom.~Aquin.:
24 2, 91 | different and contrary ~laws result. In order, therefore,
25 2, 91 | Thirdly, because man can make laws in those matters of which
26 2, 91 | imperfection of these two laws is to be taken in ~connection
27 2, 92 | 1/1~OBJ 4: Further, some laws are tyrannical, as the Philosopher
28 2, 93 | most orderly." ~But some laws are unjust, according to
29 2, 93 | to them that make ~wicked laws." Therefore not every law
30 2, 93 | above (A[1]). Therefore all laws proceed from the ~eternal
31 2, 93 | governors are all other laws besides the ~eternal law.
32 2, 93 | eternal law. Therefore all laws, in so far as they partake
33 2, 93 | need no restraining. But laws are imposed on men, in order ~
34 2, 93 | Consequently man cannot impose laws ~on irrational beings, however
35 2, 93 | him. But he can ~impose laws on rational beings subject
36 2, 93 | 12): "Nothing evades ~the laws of the most high Creator
37 2, 93 | creation with most suitable laws."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[93] A[
38 2, 94 | there are also many natural laws.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
39 2, 94 | seen to be changed by human laws. Therefore it seems ~that
40 2, 94 | Divine law and by human laws.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[94] A[
41 2, 95 | Whether it was useful for laws to be framed by men?~Aquin.:
42 2, 95 | that it was not useful for laws to be framed by ~men. Because
43 2, 95 | their will, by means of ~laws. Therefore there was no
44 2, 95 | there was no need to frame laws.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
45 2, 95 | justice, which contained in laws. Therefore it would have ~
46 2, 95 | of judges, than to frame laws in addition.~Aquin.: SMT
47 2, 95 | than by the framing of laws. Therefore there ~was no
48 2, 95 | there ~was no need of human laws.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
49 2, 95 | Isidore says (Etym. v, 20): "Laws were made that in ~fear
50 2, 95 | was necessary that human laws ~should be made.~Aquin.:
51 2, 95 | punishment, is the ~discipline of laws. Therefore in order that
52 2, 95 | virtue, it was necessary for laws to be framed: for, as the
53 2, 95 | competent to frame right laws, than to find the many who
54 2, 95 | because those ~who make laws consider long beforehand
55 2, 95 | consider long beforehand what laws to make; whereas ~judgment
56 2, 95 | the enactments of human laws are not derived from the
57 2, 95 | everywhere." If therefore human laws were derived from the ~natural
58 2, 95 | Therefore ~not all human laws are derived from the natural
59 2, 95 | fear and reverence ~for the laws."~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[95] A[
60 2, 95 | the diversity of positive laws among various ~people.~Aquin.:
61 2, 95 | Isidore's division of human laws is appropriate?~Aquin.:
62 2, 95 | 1~OBJ 2: Further, those laws which have the same force,
63 2, 95 | Therefore this division of human laws is not appropriate.~Aquin.:
64 2, 95 | it should include other laws pertaining ~to other offices
65 2, 95 | is unreasonable to divide laws according to the names of ~
66 2, 95 | there are various human laws according to the various
67 2, 95 | there are various kinds of laws, which are sometimes named
68 2, 96 | matters. Therefore human laws should be framed, not for
69 2, 96 | individual cases, it seems that laws ~should be framed not in
70 2, 96 | De legibus, etc.) that "laws should be made to suit the
71 2, 96 | the citizens." Hence human laws should be ~proportionate
72 2, 96 | and these are the general laws. Of these he says that "
73 2, 96 | privileges," i.e. "private laws," as it were, ~because they
74 2, 96 | legal, not through being laws, ~but through being applications
75 2, 96 | applications of general laws to particular cases: such ~
76 2, 96 | says (Etym. v, 20) that "laws were made in order that,
77 2, 96 | by law. ~Therefore human laws should repress all evils.~
78 2, 96 | different measures. Wherefore laws imposed on men ~should also
79 2, 96 | virtue. Wherefore human laws do not forbid all ~vices,
80 2, 96 | are made void by ~human laws, according to Mt. 15:6: "
81 2, 96 | 1~OBJ 3: Further, human laws often bring loss of character
82 2, 96 | to them that make wicked laws, ~and when they write, write
83 2, 96 | violence. Therefore human laws ~do not bind man in conscience.~
84 2, 96 | Para. 1/3~I answer that, Laws framed by man are either
85 2, 96 | decree just things." Now laws are said to be just, both
86 2, 96 | that on this account, ~such laws as these, which impose proportionate
87 2, 96 | conscience, and are legal laws.~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[96] A[
88 2, 96 | Para. 2/3~On the other hand laws may be unjust in two ways:
89 2, 96 | his ~subjects burdensome laws, conducive, not to the common
90 2, 96 | of ~violence rather than laws; because, as Augustine says (
91 2, 96 | at all." Wherefore such ~laws do not bind in conscience,
92 2, 96 | Body Para. 3/3~Secondly, laws may be unjust through being
93 2, 96 | Divine good: ~such are the laws of tyrants inducing to idolatry,
94 2, 96 | contrary to the Divine law: and laws of this kind must nowise
95 2, 96 | This argument is true of laws that are contrary to the ~
96 2, 96 | sovereign is exempt from the laws." But he that ~is exempt
97 2, 96 | imply ~subjection to the laws framed by that power. Therefore
98 2, 96 | kingdom are not bound by the ~laws of the sovereign of another
99 2, 96 | men ~judge about temporal laws when they make them, yet
100 2, 96 | But those who framed the laws should be reckoned wise:
101 2, 96 | power to ~dispense from the laws. If, however, the peril
102 2, 97 | Para. 1/1 - OF CHANGE IN LAWS (FOUR ARTICLES) ~We must
103 2, 97 | must now consider change in laws: under which head there
104 2, 97 | better occurs. Because human laws are devised by human reason, ~
105 2, 97 | same should ~apply to human laws. ~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[97] A[
106 2, 97 | future. Now unless human laws had been changed when it
107 2, 97 | have ensued; because ~the laws of old were crude in many
108 2, 97 | Therefore it seems that laws ~should be changed, whenever
109 2, 97 | 1~OBJ 3: Further, human laws are enacted about single
110 2, 97 | much for the observance of laws, seeing that ~what is done
111 2, 97 | that "in establishing new laws, there should be evidence
112 2, 97 | should be changed. But "laws derive very great force
113 2, 97 | This argument proves that laws ought to be changed: not
114 2, 97 | Further, the framing of laws belongs to those public
115 2, 97 | individuals ~cannot make laws. But custom grows by the
116 2, 97 | are to be considered ~as laws. And those who throw contempt
117 2, 97 | the Divine and natural laws from the reasonable will
118 2, 97 | The natural and Divine laws proceed from the Divine
119 2, 97 | over the Divine or natural laws: for Isidore says ~(Synon.
120 2, 97 | above (Q[96], A[6]), human laws fail in some ~cases: wherefore
121 2, 97 | and able to make their own laws, the ~consent of the whole
122 2, 97 | has not the power to frame laws, except as representing ~
123 2, 97 | each individual cannot make laws, yet the ~whole people can.
124 2, 97 | power to make ~their own laws, or to abolish a law made
125 2, 97 | whom it belongs to make laws for ~that people: because
126 2, 97 | can dispense from human laws?~Aquin.: SMT FS Q[97] A[
127 2, 97 | cannot dispense from ~human laws. For the law is established
128 2, 97 | the ~natural and Divine laws: else it would not "foster
129 2, 97 | the Divine and ~natural laws. Neither, therefore, can
130 2, 98 | that people. Now ~whatever laws are enacted for the special
131 2, 99 | one another. Hence human ~laws have not concerned themselves
132 2, 100 | iv, 1) teaches that the laws which are made in a ~state
133 2, 100 | must be different from the laws of a state ~which is ruled
134 2, 100 | written (Lev. 18:5): "Keep My laws and My ~judgments, which
135 2, 101 | Vulg.: 'him'] My ~manifold laws"; and (Job 11:6): "That
136 2, 102 | stated when speaking of human laws (Q[96], AA[1]~,6), there
137 2, 104 | judicial precepts of human laws bind for ever. ~Therefore
138 2, 104 | form of government, the ~laws must needs be changed. For
139 2, 104 | people, demands different laws from those of oligarchy,
140 2, 105 | right, by framing ~unjust laws, and by degenerating into
141 2, 105 | Tully writes ~that the laws recognize eight forms of
142 2, 105 | citizens be ordered by just laws. Now the ~relations of one
143 2, 105 | But according to human laws those who ill-treat their
144 2, 106 | Vulg.: 'I will give'] My laws into their mind, ~and in
145 2, 106 | What ~else are the Divine laws written by God Himself on
146 2, 106 | changes, since at times the laws ~were very well kept, and
147 2, 107 | Old. ~Because both these laws were given to those who
148 2, 107 | love." But the New and Old Laws cannot be differentiated
149 2, 107 | seems to distinguish both laws by calling ~the Old Law "
150 2, 107 | 2/3~Accordingly then two laws may be distinguished from
151 2, 107 | aristocracy. Secondly, two laws may be distinguished from
152 2, 107 | between the Old and New Laws ~are gathered from their
153 2, 108 | between the New and Old Laws that the "Old Law restrains ~
154 2, 10 | princes have enacted many laws to be ~observed by their
155 2, 15 | A master does not impose laws on others than his ~subjects;
156 2, 24 | that both Divine and human laws command such like sinners
157 2, 30 | such as are bound by these laws are bound ~to make restitution
158 2, 37 | Both divine and ~earthly laws have laid down that those
159 2, 38 | Thus according to human laws, soldiers who ~are deputed
160 2, 48 | a king which is to make laws, and although this applies ~
161 2, 49 | principles than the common laws, ~according to which {synesis} (
162 2, 55 | to them that make wicked ~laws."~Aquin.: SMT SS Q[57] A[
163 2, 55 | reason too there are certain laws regulating the relations
164 2, 58 | judging unjustly. But written ~laws sometimes contain injustice,
165 2, 58 | to them ~that make wicked laws, and when they write, write
166 2, 58 | xxxi): "In these earthly ~laws, though men judge about
167 2, 58 | above (Q[57], A[2]). Now laws are ~written for the purpose
168 2, 58 | documents are to be ~called, not laws, but rather corruptions
169 2, 58 | Reply OBJ 2: Even as unjust laws by their very nature are,
170 2, 58 | the natural right, so too laws that are ~rightly established,
171 2, 64 | justly, and according to the laws of earthly kings you ~are
172 2, 64 | they ~are ordered by the laws of earthly princes to forfeit
173 2, 64 | contrary, According to the laws robbery is more severely
174 2, 65 | general through the public laws, whether ~Divine or human,
175 2, 65 | from punishment against the laws imposed on him by ~his superior.
176 2, 65 | accordance with Divine or human laws, it is not ~left to him
177 2, 65 | which is the source of all ~laws.~Aquin.: SMT SS Q[67] A[
178 2, 67 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: Human laws leave many things unpunished,
179 2, 67 | Nevertheless according to human laws no punishment is ~inflicted
180 2, 69 | witnesses, or alleging false laws), than to defend an unjust
181 2, 75 | commutations of human life, civil laws determine that which ~is
182 2, 75 | Now according to these laws it is just for buyer and
183 2, 76 | justice is determined by civil laws. ~Now civil law allows usury
184 2, 76 | 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Human laws leave certain things unpunished,
185 2, 78 | cases beside the general laws, he mentions "common sense"
186 2, 80 | of devotion to the Roman laws," said: "We have no king ~
187 2, 85 | who have power to ~make laws. Thus it was a judicial
188 2, 86 | the prescription of human laws ~[*Dig. L. xii, de pollicitat.,
189 2, 86 | is not subject to human ~laws, that the use of reason
190 2, 97 | Wherefore according to human laws he ~is sentenced to capital
191 2, 106 | Tully writes that the laws ~recognize eight kinds of
192 2, 118 | regard to ~these earthly laws, although men pass judgment
193 2, 118 | Emperor says in the Codex of Laws and ~Constitutions, under
194 2, 118 | when we were treating ~of laws, since human actions, with
195 2, 118 | human actions, with which laws are concerned, are composed ~
196 2, 118 | Legislators in framing laws attend to what commonly
197 2, 118 | written in the Codex of Laws and ~Constitutions under
198 2, 138 | human affairs there are laws of democracies, others of
199 2, 138 | Body Para. 2/2~As to human laws, they are directed to certain
200 2, 139 | which withdraw us from the laws of God and from the fruit ~
201 2, 139 | are withdrawn from God's laws not only by the desire for
202 2, 139 | sometimes men forsake God's laws and the state of virtue ~
203 2, 143 | venerable and most holy laws."~Aquin.: SMT SS Q[145]
204 2, 145 | elders as though they were laws of the apostles." Therefore ~
205 2, 145 | as though they were the laws of the apostles."~
206 2, 150 | 3 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Laws are framed according to
207 2, 152 | man be deluded by human laws: all seduction is adultery."
208 2, 168 | according to different human laws and customs.~Aquin.: SMT
209 2, 186 | according to the code of laws soldiering ~is forbidden
210 2, 186 | fight for our lives and our laws," and further on (1 Macc.
211 2, 186 | father, have fought for the laws and the sanctuary."~Aquin.:
212 3, 31 | was in accordance with the laws of nature, but that He ~
213 3, 31 | of a virgin was above the laws of nature. Now, such is
214 3, 48 | benefit anyone, as even human laws ~declare. Consequently,
215 3, 55 | known to all by general laws: consequently His ~Passion
216 3, 61 | a written code of fixed laws, and together with ~these
217 3, 64 | case of those who institute laws. But the power of a ~sacrament
218 3, 75 | s word changes nature's laws, as He wills: a ~man is
219 3, 75 | upon earth, and from the laws here established."~Aquin.:
220 3, 75 | made according to nature's laws is a formal change. ~But
221 3, 78 | Testament . . . I will give ~My laws into their mind" (Heb. 8:
222 3, 82 | are not subject to ~human laws. Nevertheless the priest
223 3, 84 | is bound to observe the laws of the Church in this ~as
224 Suppl, 24| Pope, who is the maker of laws, ~reserves to himself: the
225 Suppl, 41| according to ~the various laws. Therefore it is not natural.~
226 Suppl, 43| also; and according to the laws he is given the ~power of
227 Suppl, 50| by any of the aforesaid laws. Nor does the ~comparison
228 Suppl, 53| orders. But according to ~the laws of the Western Church, the
229 Suppl, 54| marriage controlled by the laws of the Church. Now ~formerly
230 Suppl, 54| are controlled by human laws, so are spiritual ~contracts
231 Suppl, 55| kind with him. And so the ~laws of bygone times did not
232 Suppl, 57| are not subject to human ~laws. Now marriage is a sacrament
233 Suppl, 57| begotten naturally human laws forbid ~the contracting
234 Suppl, 58| and they say ~that the laws asserting this have been
235 Suppl, 58| marriage. For according to the laws children are under the care
236 Suppl, 59| unbelievers are not bound by the laws of the ~Church, but they
237 Suppl, 60| God is never bound by the laws of this world, for she has
238 Suppl, 60| in ~this matter by human laws, neither does she acquit
239 Suppl, 65| according to the ancient laws women used to be sentenced
240 Suppl, 65| contrary, According to all laws the children born of a concubine ~
241 Suppl, 65| contrary to the ceremonial laws of the ~Jews, though not
242 Suppl, 67| neither Mosaic nor human laws could remove all that was ~
243 Suppl, 67| concupiscence. Hence marriage laws consider what is expedient
244 Suppl, 68| children according to human ~laws.~Aquin.: SMT XP Q[68] A[
245 Suppl, 68| ways ~are according to the laws: (1) If the father offer
246 Suppl, 88| for ~ever. Therefore the laws of day and of the sea waves,
247 Suppl, 88| succession of days: wherefore the laws also which He had mentioned ~
248 Suppl, 96| even according to human laws [*Cf. FS, ~Q[87], A[3],
249 Suppl, 96| the case also with human laws. We may also ~reply with
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