Part, Question

 1501   1, 14  |                anything existed ~which God did not previously know,
 1502   1, 14  |            period of time, is known by God in His eternity. Therefore ~
 1503   1, 14  |           follows that ~it is known by God from eternity. Therefore
 1504   1, 14  |              it cannot be granted that God ~can know more than He knows;
 1505   1, 14  |               they said, that whatever God knew, He knows; ~because
 1506   1, 14  |     proposition is not true, "Whatever God knew ~He knows," if referred
 1507   1, 14  |           follow that the knowledge of God is variable. For as it is ~
 1508   1, 14  |              the divine knowledge that God knows one and the same ~
 1509   1, 14  |              the divine knowledge that God knows an enunciable proposition
 1510   1, 14  |                false. The knowledge of God, however, would ~be variable
 1511   1, 14  |             neither of which can be in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[14] A[
 1512   1, 14  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God has a speculative knowledge
 1513   1, 14  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God has not a speculative knowledge
 1514   1, 14  |          things. For ~the knowledge of God is the cause of things,
 1515   1, 14  |            Therefore ~the knowledge of God is not speculative.~Aquin.:
 1516   1, 14  |            Therefore the knowledge of ~God is not speculative.~Aquin.:
 1517   1, 14  |       excellent must be attributed to ~God. But speculative knowledge
 1518   1, 14  |                Metaphysics. ~Therefore God has a speculative knowledge
 1519   1, 14  |        therefore, it must be said that God has of ~Himself a speculative
 1520   1, 14  |              by defining and dividing, God knows all this much ~more
 1521   1, 14  |                OBJ 1: The knowledge of God is the cause, not indeed
 1522   1, 14  |                 since the knowledge of God is in ~every way perfect,
 1523   1, 15  |           considering the knowledge of God, it remains to consider
 1524   1, 15  |           ideas of all things known by God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[15] A[
 1525   1, 15  |            says (Div. Nom. ~vii), that God does not know things by
 1526   1, 15  |              Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, God knows all things in Himself,
 1527   1, 15  |                 made by chance, but by God acting by His intellect,
 1528   1, 15  |               1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: God does not understand things
 1529   1, 15  |                1~Reply OBJ 2: Although God knows Himself and all else
 1530   1, 15  |               3 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: God is the similitude of all
 1531   1, 15  |          essence; therefore an idea in God is identical with His essence.~
 1532   1, 15  |               not many. For an idea in God is His ~essence. But God'
 1533   1, 15  |               God is His ~essence. But God's essence is one only. Therefore
 1534   1, 15  |             are art and wisdom. But in God there are not several arts
 1535   1, 15  |              in creatures only, or in ~God also. If in creatures only,
 1536   1, 15  |                But if they are real in God, it ~follows that there
 1537   1, 15  |           there is a real plurality in God other than the plurality
 1538   1, 15  |            Orth. i, ~10), who says, in God all things are one, except "
 1539   1, 15  |               is ~properly intended by God, and is not the accidental
 1540   1, 15  |            those who have taught that ~God created only the first creature,
 1541   1, 15  |              According to this opinion God would have the idea of the
 1542   1, 15  |              each thing was created by God ~according to the idea proper
 1543   1, 15  |         repugnant to the simplicity of God, if we consider that the
 1544   1, 15  |         essence. So far, therefore, as God knows His ~essence as capable
 1545   1, 15  |         creatures. So it is clear that God understands many particular ~
 1546   1, 15  |               we signify that by which God understands; ~but an idea,
 1547   1, 15  |                but an idea, that which God understands. For God by
 1548   1, 15  |             which God understands. For God by one understands many ~
 1549   1, 15  |               house. Now not only does God ~understand many things
 1550   1, 15  |                created things, ~but in God. Yet they are not real relations,
 1551   1, 15  |                relations understood by God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[15] A[
 1552   1, 15  |               ideas of all things that God knows?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[
 1553   1, 15  |            that there are not ideas in God of all things that He ~knows.
 1554   1, 15  |             the idea of evil is not in God; since it would follow that ~
 1555   1, 15  |               evil things are known by God. Therefore there are ~not
 1556   1, 15  |               ideas of all things that God knows.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[
 1557   1, 15  |              Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, God knows things that neither
 1558   1, 15  |            Therefore there are ~not in God ideas of all things known
 1559   1, 15  |              Para. 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, God knows primary matter, of
 1560   1, 15  |            Further, it is certain that God knows not only species,
 1561   1, 15  |       Therefore there are not ideas in God of ~all things known by
 1562   1, 15  |                 Quaest. qu. xlvi). But God has the ~proper types of
 1563   1, 15  |               it exists in the mind of God. So far as the idea is the ~
 1564   1, 15  |         respect to everything ~made by God in any period of time; whereas
 1565   1, 15  |         respect to all things known by God, even though they never
 1566   1, 15  |                OBJ 1: Evil is known by God not through its own type,
 1567   1, 15  |              therefore, has no idea in God, neither in so far ~as an
 1568   1, 15  |               2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: God has no practical knowledge,
 1569   1, 15  |              these there is no idea in God in so far as idea signifies
 1570   1, 15  |                matter to be created by God, though ~not apart from
 1571   1, 15  |                 matter has its idea in God; but not apart from the ~
 1572   1, 16  |     consideration of ~the knowledge of God, we must inquire concerning
 1573   1, 16  |               to the good.~(5) Whether God is truth?~(6) Whether all
 1574   1, 16  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God is truth?~Aquin.: SMT FP
 1575   1, 16  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God is not truth. For truth
 1576   1, 16  |         composing and dividing. But in God there is not composition
 1577   1, 16  |              to the principle." But in God there is no likeness to
 1578   1, 16  |                principle. Therefore in God there is not truth.~Aquin.:
 1579   1, 16  |           Further, whatever is said of God, is said of Him as of the
 1580   1, 16  |              things; thus the being of God is the cause of all being;
 1581   1, 16  |            therefore there is truth in God, ~all truth will be from
 1582   1, 16  |            Therefore this will be from God; which is evidently false.~
 1583   1, 16  |              greatest ~degree found in God. For His being is not only
 1584   1, 16  |              of the ~intellect is from God. Hence all the truth that
 1585   1, 16  |              true" - is entirely ~from God. But to argue, "Therefore
 1586   1, 16  |             person fornicates is from ~God", is a fallacy of Accident.~
 1587   1, 16  |                the mind of man, except God." Now truth is greater than
 1588   1, 16  |                 own measure. Therefore God alone is truth. Therefore
 1589   1, 16  |           there is no other ~truth but God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[16] A[
 1590   1, 16  |              the rational soul, except God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[16] A[
 1591   1, 16  |             Para. 1/1~On the contrary, God alone is eternal, as laid
 1592   1, 16  |            this that anything else but God is eternal; since the truth ~
 1593   1, 16  |                the divine intellect is God Himself, as shown already (
 1594   1, 16  |                eternity in the mind of God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[16] A[
 1595   1, 16  |               places, as it belongs to God to be everywhere and ~always.
 1596   1, 16  |                 sempiternal cause; and God alone is such a cause.~Aquin.:
 1597   1, 17  |                as ~it exists, imitates God. Therefore everything is
 1598   1, 17  |               In things that depend on God, falseness cannot be found,
 1599   1, 17  |                 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, in God there is no contrariety,
 1600   1, 17  |             But ~falsity is opposed to God, for an idol is called in
 1601   1, 17  |            contrary of this statement "God ~is good," is, "God is not
 1602   1, 17  |         statement "God ~is good," is, "God is not good."~Aquin.: SMT
 1603   1, 17  |                is nothing ~contrary to God, considered in Himself,
 1604   1, 18  |                Para. 1/1 - THE LIFE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)~Since to
 1605   1, 18  |              is properly attributed to God?~(4) Whether all things
 1606   1, 18  |               4) Whether all things in God are life?~Aquin.: SMT FP
 1607   1, 18  |                OBJ 3: Further, to know God is an operation. But this
 1608   1, 18  |               know Thee, the only true God." Therefore life is an operation.~
 1609   1, 18  |               active, and thus to know God is said to be life ~eternal.~
 1610   1, 18  |              is properly attributed to God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[18] A[
 1611   1, 18  |             not properly attributed to God. For things ~are said to
 1612   1, 18  |            movement does not belong to God. Neither therefore does
 1613   1, 18  |               of the living body." But God ~has no principle. Therefore
 1614   1, 18  |                 rejoiced in the living God."~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[18] A[
 1615   1, 18  |             highest degree properly in God. In proof ~of which it must
 1616   1, 18  |                perfect degree. Such is God; and ~hence in Him principally
 1617   1, 18  |                xii, 51), after showing God to be intelligent, that
 1618   1, 18  |                to be intelligent, that God has life ~most perfect and
 1619   1, 18  |            that Plato also taught that God moves Himself; not in the ~
 1620   1, 18  |              Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: As God is His own very existence
 1621   1, 18  |         Whether all things are life in God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[18] A[
 1622   1, 18  |             not all things are life in God. For it is said ~(Acts 17:
 1623   1, 18  |                 But not all things in ~God are movement. Therefore
 1624   1, 18  |             Further, all things are in God as their first model. But
 1625   1, 18  |             not all things are life in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[18] A[
 1626   1, 18  |             have not life, are life in God, it seems that ~things exist
 1627   1, 18  |             things exist more truly in God than themselves. But this
 1628   1, 18  |            they exist actually, but in God potentially.~Aquin.: SMT
 1629   1, 18  |             made in time are known by ~God, so are bad things, and
 1630   1, 18  |                things, and things that God can make, but never will
 1631   1, 18  |                 all things are life in God, inasmuch as known by ~Him,
 1632   1, 18  |             never be made are ~life in God, as known by Him, and this
 1633   1, 18  |               things were made, except God. Therefore all things are ~
 1634   1, 18  |                all things are ~life in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[18] A[
 1635   1, 18  |            Para. 1/1~I answer that, In God to live is to understand,
 1636   1, 18  |              before stated (A[3]). ~In God intellect, the thing understood,
 1637   1, 18  |             same. Hence whatever is in God as understood is the very ~
 1638   1, 18  |                very ~living or life of God. Now, wherefore, since all
 1639   1, 18  |                that have been ~made by God are in Him as things understood,
 1640   1, 18  |            Creatures are said to be in God in a twofold sense. In one ~
 1641   1, 18  |                 are thus said to be in God, even as they exist in their
 1642   1, 18  |              are ~themselves caused by God. In another sense things
 1643   1, 18  |               things are said to be in God, ~as in Him who knows them,
 1644   1, 18  |                which sense they are in God through their ~proper ideas,
 1645   1, 18  |                 proper ideas, which in God are not distinct from the
 1646   1, 18  |            Hence things as they are in God are the divine essence.
 1647   1, 18  |               that things existing ~in God in this manner are not movement,
 1648   1, 18  |             Although bad things are in God's knowledge, as being ~comprised
 1649   1, 18  |         knowledge, yet they are not in God as created by ~Him, or preserved
 1650   1, 18  |                Him. They are known ~by God through the types of good
 1651   1, 18  |                bad ~things are life in God. Those things that are not
 1652   1, 18  |            time may be called ~life in God in so far as life means
 1653   1, 18  |                 they are understood by God; but not in so far as life
 1654   1, 19  |                Para. 1/1 - THE WILL OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES)~After
 1655   1, 19  |               Whether there is will in God?~(2) Whether God wills things
 1656   1, 19  |               will in God?~(2) Whether God wills things apart from
 1657   1, 19  |          Himself?~(3) Whether whatever God wills, He wills necessarily?~(
 1658   1, 19  |                 4) Whether the will of God is the cause of things?~(
 1659   1, 19  |                 7) Whether the will of God is mutable?~(8) Whether
 1660   1, 19  |                 8) Whether the will of God imposes necessity on the
 1661   1, 19  |                 9) Whether there is in God the will of evil?~(10) Whether
 1662   1, 19  |             will of evil?~(10) Whether God has free will?~(11) Whether
 1663   1, 19  |         expression is distinguished in God?~(12) Whether five expressions
 1664   1, 19  |               Whether there is will in God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1665   1, 19  |              that there is not will in God. For the object of will
 1666   1, 19  |                But we cannot assign to God any end. Therefore ~there
 1667   1, 19  |        Therefore ~there is not will in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1668   1, 19  |            which cannot be ~imputed to God. Therefore there is not
 1669   1, 19  |         Therefore there is not will in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1670   1, 19  |               moves, and is moved. But God is the first cause of movement,
 1671   1, 19  |        Therefore there is not ~will in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1672   1, 19  |             prove what ~is the will of God."~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1673   1, 19  |          answer that, There is will in God, as there is intellect:
 1674   1, 19  |              so there ~must be will in God, since there is intellect
 1675   1, 19  |            Although nothing apart from God is His end, yet He Himself ~
 1676   1, 19  |          respect will is said to be in God, as having always good ~
 1677   1, 19  |               Hence, since the will of God is His ~essence, it is not
 1678   1, 19  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God wills things apart from
 1679   1, 19  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God does not will things apart
 1680   1, 19  |              the divine existence. But God is not other than ~Himself.
 1681   1, 19  |                iii, 54. If, therefore, God wills ~anything apart from
 1682   1, 19  |              His own goodness suffices God, and completely satisfies ~
 1683   1, 19  |         satisfies ~His will. Therefore God does not will anything apart
 1684   1, 19  |                objects. If, therefore, God wills Himself and things
 1685   1, 19  |              is impossible. ~Therefore God does not will things apart
 1686   1, 19  |                   This is the will of ~God, your sanctification."~Aquin.:
 1687   1, 19  |               Para. 1/1~I answer that, God wills not only Himself,
 1688   1, 19  |              OBJ 1: The divine will is God's own existence essentially,
 1689   1, 19  |                   For when we say that God exists, no relation to any
 1690   1, 19  |              do imply when we say that God wills. Therefore, ~although
 1691   1, 19  |              own sake. Hence, although God wills ~things apart from
 1692   1, 19  |             Para. 1/1~Whether whatever God wills He wills necessarily?~
 1693   1, 19  |                 It seems that whatever God wills He wills necessarily.
 1694   1, 19  |                necessary. But whatever God wills, He wills from ~eternity,
 1695   1, 19  |              Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, God wills things apart from
 1696   1, 19  |            wills His own goodness. Now God wills His own goodness necessarily. ~
 1697   1, 19  |               belongs to the nature of God is necessary, for ~God is
 1698   1, 19  |              of God is necessary, for ~God is of Himself necessary
 1699   1, 19  |           whatever ~He wills; since in God there can be nothing over
 1700   1, 19  |             same thing. If, therefore, God does not ~necessarily will
 1701   1, 19  |              ii. If, then, the Will of God is indifferent with regard
 1702   1, 19  |               OBJ 6: Further, whatever God knows, He knows necessarily.
 1703   1, 19  |              will. Therefore ~whatever God wills, He wills necessarily.~
 1704   1, 19  |            will necessarily. Therefore God does not ~will necessarily
 1705   1, 19  |                as to things ~willed by God, we must observe that He
 1706   1, 19  |              its proper ~object. Hence God wills His own goodness necessarily,
 1707   1, 19  |              it by its own nature. But God wills things apart ~from
 1708   1, 19  |           Hence, since the goodness of God is perfect, and can exist
 1709   1, 19  |              OBJ 1: From the fact that God wills from eternity whatever
 1710   1, 19  |                1~Reply OBJ 2: Although God necessarily wills His own
 1711   1, 19  |                3: It is not natural to God to will any of those other
 1712   1, 19  |                 In the same way, ~that God does not necessarily will
 1713   1, 19  |                the perfect goodness of God ~can be without it; and
 1714   1, 19  |             inasmuch ~as they exist in God; but no absolute necessity
 1715   1, 19  |            themselves; it follows that God ~knows necessarily whatever
 1716   1, 19  |                1/1~Whether the will of God is the cause of things?~
 1717   1, 19  |              It seems that the will of God is not the cause of things.
 1718   1, 19  |                pre-election. Therefore God does not act by ~will; and
 1719   1, 19  |              fire by ~its essence. But God is the first agent. Therefore
 1720   1, 19  |               Christ. i, 32), "Because God is good, we exist." Therefore
 1721   1, 19  |             good, we exist." Therefore God is the ~cause of things
 1722   1, 19  |            things ~is the knowledge of God, as said before (Q[14],
 1723   1, 19  |                 Therefore the will ~of God cannot be considered the
 1724   1, 19  |             must hold that the will of God is the cause of things; ~
 1725   1, 19  |               by ~nature. Hence, since God is first in the order of
 1726   1, 19  |            will. Therefore the will of God is the cause of things.~
 1727   1, 19  |              to exclude ~election from God absolutely; but only in
 1728   1, 19  |                 Because the essence of God is His intellect and will,
 1729   1, 19  |            words, therefore, ~"Because God is good, we exist," are
 1730   1, 19  |         principle of operation. But in God all these things are one.~
 1731   1, 19  |              would venture to say that God made ~all things irrationally?"
 1732   1, 19  |         willing. Therefore the will of God has some ~cause.~Aquin.:
 1733   1, 19  |             who wills. But the will of God is the cause of all ~things,
 1734   1, 19  |                 therefore, the will of God has no cause, ~it follows
 1735   1, 19  |              greater than ~the will of God. We must not then seek for
 1736   1, 19  |                no wise has the will of God a cause. In proof of which ~
 1737   1, 19  |               means to the end. Now as God by one ~act understands
 1738   1, 19  |             His goodness. Hence, as in God to understand the cause
 1739   1, 19  |               Reply OBJ 1: The will of God is reasonable, not because
 1740   1, 19  |                because anything is to ~God a cause of willing, but
 1741   1, 19  |                 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: Since God wills effects to proceed
 1742   1, 19  |               dependent on the will of God. In this sense Augustine
 1743   1, 19  |                all others, the will of God."~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1744   1, 19  |                 1/1~Reply OBJ 3: Since God wills effects to come from
 1745   1, 19  |          depend solely on the will of ~God, but on something else besides:
 1746   1, 19  |               example, we may say that God willed man to ~have hands
 1747   1, 19  |          depend on the simple will of ~God; but the others on the order
 1748   1, 19  |                1/1~Whether the will of God is always fulfilled?~Aquin.:
 1749   1, 19  |              It seems that the will of God is not always fulfilled.
 1750   1, 19  |            Apostle says (1 Tim. 2:4): "God will have all men to be
 1751   1, 19  |                 Therefore ~the will of God is not always fulfilled.~
 1752   1, 19  |              of ~the will to good. Now God knows all truth. Therefore
 1753   1, 19  |                  Therefore the will of God is not always fulfilled.~
 1754   1, 19  |             Further, since the will of God is the first cause, it does
 1755   1, 19  |         secondary causes. ~The will of God, therefore, is not always
 1756   1, 19  |              It is said (Ps. 113:11): "God hath done all things, ~whatsoever
 1757   1, 19  |               answer that, The will of God must needs always be fulfilled.
 1758   1, 19  |               Since, then, the will of God is the universal cause of
 1759   1, 19  |             The words of the Apostle, "God will have all men to be ~
 1760   1, 19  |               i, 8: Enchiridion 103), "God wills all men to be saved
 1761   1, 19  |             which case they ~mean that God wills some men of every
 1762   1, 19  |              of the antecedent will of God; not of the consequent ~
 1763   1, 19  |              it is ~good, is willed by God. A thing taken in its primary
 1764   1, 19  |                hanged. In the same way God antecedently wills ~all
 1765   1, 19  |              it is clear that whatever God simply wills takes place;
 1766   1, 19  |              truth virtually exists in God, though it does not all
 1767   1, 19  |              created things. Therefore God knows all truth; but does
 1768   1, 19  |            thus it is with the will of God, as said above.~Aquin.:
 1769   1, 19  |                1/1~Whether the will of God is changeable?~Aquin.: SMT
 1770   1, 19  |              It seems that the Will of God is changeable. For the Lord
 1771   1, 19  |             changeable will. Therefore God has a changeable ~will.~
 1772   1, 19  |                Jer. 18:7,8) ~Therefore God has a changeable will.~Aquin.:
 1773   1, 19  |               OBJ 3: Further, whatever God does, He does voluntarily.
 1774   1, 19  |               He does voluntarily. But God does not ~always do the
 1775   1, 19  |              Para. 1/1~OBJ 4: Further, God does not will of necessity
 1776   1, 19  |          changeable locally. Therefore God is changeable as regards
 1777   1, 19  |             the contrary, It is said: "God is not as a man, that He
 1778   1, 19  |               answer that, The will of God is entirely unchangeable.
 1779   1, 19  |            that ~both the substance of God and His knowledge are entirely
 1780   1, 19  |            destroy it later. Therefore God is said to have repented,
 1781   1, 19  |               Reply OBJ 2: The will of God, as it is the first and
 1782   1, 19  |          Lazarus will rise again." And God wills ~both: that is, that
 1783   1, 19  |                 We may say, then, that God sometimes declares ~that
 1784   1, 19  |              xvi, 5): "The sentence of God ~changes, but not His counsel" -
 1785   1, 19  |                from this argument that God has a will ~that changes,
 1786   1, 19  |                1~Reply OBJ 4: Although God's willing a thing is not
 1787   1, 19  |                1/1~Whether the will of God imposes necessity on the
 1788   1, 19  |              It seems that the will of God imposes necessity on the
 1789   1, 19  |             one is saved, except ~whom God has willed to be saved.
 1790   1, 19  |           hinder it." But the ~will of God cannot be hindered. For
 1791   1, 19  |                  Therefore the will of God imposes necessity on the ~
 1792   1, 19  |        elements. Now things created by God are related to ~the divine
 1793   1, 19  |              statement is true that if God wills a thing, it comes ~
 1794   1, 19  |                therefore that all that God wills is necessary absolutely.~
 1795   1, 19  |             All good things that exist God wills to be. If ~therefore
 1796   1, 19  |              causes, holding that what God produces by necessary causes ~
 1797   1, 19  |            secondary cause can ~hinder God's will from producing its
 1798   1, 19  |            that things are done, which God wills to be done, but ~also
 1799   1, 19  |             the way that He wills. Now God wills some ~things to be
 1800   1, 19  |            that the ~effects willed by God happen contingently, but
 1801   1, 19  |              contingently, but because God prepared ~contingent causes
 1802   1, 19  |         necessity in ~things willed by God that is not absolute, but
 1803   1, 19  |          conditional statement that if God wills a thing it must necessarily
 1804   1, 19  |               those things happen that God wills to happen, but ~that
 1805   1, 19  |            that kind of necessity that God wills them to have, either
 1806   1, 19  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God wills evils?~Aquin.: SMT
 1807   1, 19  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God wills evils. For every good
 1808   1, 19  |                every good that exists, God ~wills. But it is a good
 1809   1, 19  |               evil ~things." Therefore God wills evil things.~Aquin.:
 1810   1, 19  |             contrasted with evil." But God wills all ~that appertains
 1811   1, 19  |            universe, for this is ~what God desires above all things
 1812   1, 19  |               His creatures. Therefore God wills ~evil.~Aquin.: SMT
 1813   1, 19  |           contradictory opposites. But God does not will that evil
 1814   1, 19  |                various evils do exist, God's will would not ~always
 1815   1, 19  |                be fulfilled. Therefore God wills that evil should exist.~
 1816   1, 19  |                man becoming worse. Now God surpasses all men in wisdom.
 1817   1, 19  |                Much ~less therefore is God the cause of man becoming
 1818   1, 19  |                Therefore it is ~not by God's will that man becomes
 1819   1, 19  |               a thing worse. Therefore God wills not evil things.~Aquin.:
 1820   1, 19  |             evil is the privation. Now God wills no good more than
 1821   1, 19  |                have said that although God does not will evil, yet
 1822   1, 19  |                either ~is affirmative. God therefore neither wills
 1823   1, 19  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God has free-will?~Aquin.: SMT
 1824   1, 19  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God has not free-will. For Jerome
 1825   1, 19  |                  Ep. 146, ad Damas.]; "God alone is He who is not ~
 1826   1, 19  |               and evil are chosen. But God does not will evil, as has
 1827   1, 19  |              there is not free-will in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1828   1, 19  |              by ~free-will. Since then God necessarily wills His own
 1829   1, 19  |             seems to deny free-will to God not simply, but only ~as
 1830   1, 19  |              divine goodness, by which God wills all things, as above
 1831   1, 19  |              is to be distinguished in God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[19] A[
 1832   1, 19  |                to be distinguished ~in God. For as the will of God
 1833   1, 19  |                God. For as the will of God is the cause of things,
 1834   1, 19  |              the contrary, The will of God is one, since it is the
 1835   1, 19  |                is the very essence of ~God. Yet sometimes it is spoken
 1836   1, 19  |                Some things are said of God in their strict sense; others ~
 1837   1, 19  |            signified metaphorically in God under ~the name of that
 1838   1, 19  |                anger is ~attributed to God. In the same way, what is
 1839   1, 19  |          metaphorically called will in God; just as when ~anyone lays
 1840   1, 19  |               by metaphor the will ~of God, as in the words: "Thy will
 1841   1, 19  |           anger is never attributed to God properly, since in its primary ~
 1842   1, 19  |                properly. ~Therefore in God there are distinguished
 1843   1, 19  |               not as being ~signs that God wills anything; but because
 1844   1, 19  |              called the divine will in God. Thus punishment ~is not
 1845   1, 19  |            sign that there is anger in God; but it is called anger
 1846   1, 19  |               For the same things that God bids us do by His precept ~
 1847   1, 19  |              Para. 1/1~OBJ 2: Further, God works nothing unless He
 1848   1, 19  |            creatures in ~common, since God works in them all, and permits
 1849   1, 19  |     prohibition are called the will of God is clear from the words
 1850   1, 19  |       operation are called the will of God is clear from Augustine (
 1851   1, 19  |              Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: As God may by metaphor be said
 1852   1, 19  |                their acts, inasmuch as God ordains rational creatures
 1853   1, 20  |              FP Q[20] Out. Para. 1/1 - GOD'S LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES)~We
 1854   1, 20  |             absolutely to the will of ~God. In the appetitive part
 1855   1, 20  |             first consider the love of God, and secondly His justice
 1856   1, 20  |                 Whether love exists in God?~(2) Whether He loves all
 1857   1, 20  |               1~Whether love exists in God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[20] A[
 1858   1, 20  |            that love does not exist in God. For in God there are no ~
 1859   1, 20  |               not exist in God. For in God there are no ~passions.
 1860   1, 20  |               Therefore love is not in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[20] A[
 1861   1, 20  |            anger are not attributed to God, ~unless by metaphor. Therefore
 1862   1, 20  |              this cannot take place in God, since He is simple. ~Therefore
 1863   1, 20  |       Therefore love does not exist in God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[20] A[
 1864   1, 20  |              contrary, It is written: "God is love" (Jn. 4:16).~Aquin.:
 1865   1, 20  |              must needs assert that in God there is love: because ~
 1866   1, 20  |             been shown that will is in God (Q[19], A[1]), ~and hence
 1867   1, 20  |                sense that they are ~in God. Hence the Philosopher says (
 1868   1, 20  |        Philosopher says (Ethic. vii): "God rejoices by an ~operation
 1869   1, 20  |             these can be attributed to God on ~their material side,
 1870   1, 20  |              be properly predicated of God, though without ~attributing
 1871   1, 20  |             the unitive force, even in God, yet without implying ~composition;
 1872   1, 20  |             binding force, inasmuch as God wills ~good to others; yet
 1873   1, 20  |              implies no composition in God. ~(tm)Aquin.: SMT FP Q[20]
 1874   1, 20  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God loves all things?~Aquin.:
 1875   1, 20  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God does not love all things.
 1876   1, 20  |             not admissible to say that God is placed outside of Himself,
 1877   1, 20  |               inadmissible to say that God loves ~things other than
 1878   1, 20  |                2: Further, the love of God is eternal. But things apart
 1879   1, 20  |         eternal. But things apart from God ~are not from eternity;
 1880   1, 20  |               from eternity; except in God. Therefore God does not
 1881   1, 20  |               except in God. Therefore God does not love ~anything,
 1882   1, 20  |                than Himself. Therefore God does not love things other
 1883   1, 20  |                love of friendship. Now God does not love irrational
 1884   1, 20  |             Ethic. viii, 2). Therefore God does ~not love all things.~
 1885   1, 20  |             hated and loved. Therefore God ~does not love all things.~
 1886   1, 20  |               Para. 1/1~I answer that, God loves all existing things.
 1887   1, 20  |               above (Q[19], A[4]) that God's will is the cause of all ~
 1888   1, 20  |            inasmuch as it is willed by God. To every existing ~thing,
 1889   1, 20  |           every existing ~thing, then, God wills some good. Hence,
 1890   1, 20  |             thing, it is manifest that God ~loves everything that exists.
 1891   1, 20  |           actions: whereas the love of God infuses and creates goodness.~
 1892   1, 20  |              from eternity, except ~in God, yet because they have been
 1893   1, 20  |             been in Him from eternity, God has known ~them eternally
 1894   1, 20  |                cannot attain to loving God, ~nor to any share in the
 1895   1, 20  |          Strictly speaking, therefore, God does not love irrational
 1896   1, 20  |                is hated under another. God loves sinners in so far ~
 1897   1, 20  |               this in them is not from God. Hence under this ~aspect,
 1898   1, 20  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God loves all things equally?~
 1899   1, 20  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God loves all things equally.
 1900   1, 20  |                of all" (Wis. 6:8). But God's providence over things ~
 1901   1, 20  |                2: Further, the love of God is His essence. But God'
 1902   1, 20  |                God is His essence. But God's essence does ~not admit
 1903   1, 20  |                 1/1~OBJ 3: Further, as God's love extends to created
 1904   1, 20  |         knowledge and will extend. But God is not said to know some
 1905   1, 20  |            says (Tract. in Joan. cx): "God loves all ~things that He
 1906   1, 20  |              less intense. In this way God ~does not love some things
 1907   1, 20  |             way we must needs say that God loves some things more than
 1908   1, 20  |                than others. For ~since God's love is the cause of goodness
 1909   1, 20  |                better than another, if God did not will ~greater good
 1910   1, 20  |               1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: God is said to have equally
 1911   1, 20  |            essence. But the good that ~God wills for His creatures,
 1912   1, 20  |            from the diversity of which God may be ~said to know or
 1913   1, 20  |              been said with respect to God's ~love.~Aquin.: SMT FP
 1914   1, 20  |                Thes. Para. 1/1~Whether God always loves more the better
 1915   1, 20  |               1/1~OBJ 1: It seems that God does not always love more
 1916   1, 20  |               whole human race, being ~God and man. But God loved the
 1917   1, 20  |                being ~God and man. But God loved the human race more
 1918   1, 20  |                   Rm. 8:32). Therefore God does not always love more
 1919   1, 20  |             the angels" (Ps. 8:6). But God ~loved men more than He
 1920   1, 20  |                 Heb. ~2:16). Therefore God does not always love more
 1921   1, 20  |              than the rest." Therefore God does not always love more
 1922   1, 20  |           plank after ~shipwreck." But God loves the penitent more
 1923   1, 20  |         penance" (Lk. 15:7). Therefore God ~does not always love more
 1924   1, 20  |                predestined sinner. Now God loves more the predestined
 1925   1, 20  |                life eternal. Therefore God does not always ~love more
 1926   1, 20  |                 the more like is it to God. Therefore the better things
 1927   1, 20  |              things are more ~loved by God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[20] A[
 1928   1, 20  |                been said before, ~that God loves more the better things .
 1929   1, 20  |            been shown (AA[2],3), ~that God's loving one thing more
 1930   1, 20  |                a greater good: because God's will is the cause of ~
 1931   1, 20  |           better than ~others, is that God wills for them a greater
 1932   1, 20  |               1 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 1: God loves Christ not only more
 1933   1, 20  |               in so far as He was true God. Nor did anything of His ~
 1934   1, 20  |               excellence diminish when God delivered Him up to death
 1935   1, 20  |               2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: God loves the human nature assumed
 1936   1, 20  |          nature assumed by the Word of God in ~the person of Christ
 1937   1, 20  |            angel is better than a man. God therefore did not assume
 1938   1, 20  |              signified by Peter, loves God more than the contemplative ~
 1939   1, 20  |               from them, and depart to God. God, he says, loves more
 1940   1, 20  |               them, and depart to God. God, he says, loves more the
 1941   1, 20  |           uncertain also which of them God loved more and ordained
 1942   1, 20  |            thing and the more beloved. God is said to rejoice more
 1943   1, 20  |                 1/1~Reply OBJ 5: Since God's will is the cause of goodness
 1944   1, 20  |        goodness of one who is loved by God is to be reckoned according
 1945   1, 21  |               THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)~After considering
 1946   1, 21  |          divine love, we must treat of God's justice and ~mercy. Under
 1947   1, 21  |            Whether there is justice in God?~(2) Whether His justice
 1948   1, 21  |              Whether there is mercy in God?~(4) Whether in every work
 1949   1, 21  |               Whether in every work of God there are justice and mercy?~
 1950   1, 21  |            Whether there is justice in God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[21] A[
 1951   1, 21  |                there is not justice in God. For justice is divided ~
 1952   1, 21  |           temperance does not exist in God: neither ~therefore does
 1953   1, 21  |             But, as the Apostle says: "God worketh all ~things according
 1954   1, 21  |                to pay what is due. But God is no ~man's debtor. Therefore
 1955   1, 21  |             justice does not belong to God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[21] A[
 1956   1, 21  |                Further, whatever is in God, is His essence. But justice
 1957   1, 21  |             justice does not belong to God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[21] A[
 1958   1, 21  |                This does not belong to God, since, as the Apostle says: "
 1959   1, 21  |             shows forth the justice of God. Hence Dionysius says (Div.
 1960   1, 21  |                We ~must needs see that God is truly just, in seeing
 1961   1, 21  |        metaphorically be attributed to God; since, as stated above (
 1962   1, 21  |               above (Q[20], A[1]~), in God there are no passions; nor
 1963   1, 21  |           attributing these virtues to God; although not in ~civil
 1964   1, 21  |              would be absurd to praise God for His ~political virtues.~
 1965   1, 21  |             will, it is impossible for God to will anything but what
 1966   1, 21  |                from some higher power, God is a law unto Himself.~Aquin.:
 1967   1, 21  |         created things are ~ordered to God. Thus in the divine operations
 1968   1, 21  |                 ways, as due either to God, or to creatures, and in
 1969   1, 21  |           creatures, and in either way God pays ~what is due. It is
 1970   1, 21  |              what is due. It is due to God that there should be fulfilled
 1971   1, 21  |            goodness. In ~this respect, God's justice regards what befits
 1972   1, 21  |            should serve him. Thus also God ~exercises justice, when
 1973   1, 21  |            divine wisdom. And although God in this way pays each thing
 1974   1, 21  |                 Justice, therefore, in God is sometimes ~spoken of
 1975   1, 21  |              its ~being the essence of God; since even that which is
 1976   1, 21  |               1~Whether the justice of God is truth?~Aquin.: SMT FP
 1977   1, 21  |              seems that the justice of God is not truth. For justice ~
 1978   1, 21  |           which they accord. Therefore God's justice, which ~establishes
 1979   1, 21  |             mercy can be attributed to God?~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[21] A[
 1980   1, 21  |                cannot be attributed to God. For mercy is a ~kind of
 1981   1, 21  |             But there is no ~sorrow in God; and therefore there is
 1982   1, 21  |             relaxation of justice. But God cannot remit ~what appertains
 1983   1, 21  |               mercy is not becoming to God.~Aquin.: SMT FP Q[21] A[
 1984   1, 21  |         especially to be attributed to God, as seen in ~its effect,
 1985   1, 21  |               of others belongs not to God; but it does most properly
 1986   1, 21  |          primary source of goodness is God, as shown above (Q[6]~,
 1987   1, 21  |              said (A[1]); in so far as God does not bestow them for
 1988   1, 21  |         perfections given to things by God expel defects, it belongs
 1989   1, 21  |               2 Para. 1/1~Reply OBJ 2: God acts mercifully, not indeed
 1990   1, 21  |               Whether in every work of God there are mercy and justice?~
 1991   1, 21  |              that not in every work of God are mercy and justice. For ~
 1992   1, 21  |            justice. For ~some works of God are attributed to mercy,
 1993   1, 21  |         Therefore not in every work of God do mercy and justice appear.~
 1994   1, 21  |        Therefore ~not in every work of God are justice and mercy.~Aquin.:
 1995   1, 21  |         Therefore not in every work of God are justice and mercy.~Aquin.:
 1996   1, 21  |               necessarily found in all God's works, ~if mercy be taken
 1997   1, 21  |           justice is one due either to God, or to some ~creature, neither
 1998   1, 21  |                lacking in any work of ~God: because God can do nothing
 1999   1, 21  |              any work of ~God: because God can do nothing that is not
 2000   1, 21  |               that anything is due ~to God. Likewise, whatever is done