THE VISIT TO PATALIPUTTA

  WHEN the Blessed One had stayed as long as convenient at Nalanda, he

went to Pataliputta, the frontier town of Magadha; and when the

disciples at Pataliputta heard of his arrival, they invited him to

their village rest-house. And the Blessed One robed himself, took

his bowl and went with the brethren to the rest-house. There he washed

his feet, entered the hall, and seated himself against the center

pillar, with his face towards the east. The brethren, also, having

washed their feet, entered the hall, and took their seats round the

Blessed One, against the western wall, facing the east. And the lay

devotees of Pataliputta, having also washed their feet, entered the

hall, and took their seats opposite the Blessed One against the

eastern wall, facing towards the west.

  Then the Blessed One addressed the lay-disciples of Pataliputta, and

he said: "Fivefold O householders, is the loss of the wrong-doer

through his want of rectitude. In the first place, the wrong-doer,

devoid of rectitude, falls into great poverty through sloth; in the

next place, his evil repute gets noised abroad; thirdly, whatever

society he enters, whether of Brahmans, nobles, heads of houses, or

samanas, he enters shyly and confusedly; fourthly, he is full of

anxiety when he dies; and lastly, on the dissolution of the body after

death, his mind remains in an unhappy state. Wherever his karma

continues, there will be suffering and woe. This, O householders, is

fivefold loss of the evil-doer!

  "Fivefold, O householders, is the gain of the well-doer through

his practice of rectitude. In the first place the well doer, strong in

rectitude, acquires property through his industry; in the next

place, good reports of him are spread abroad; thirdly, whatever

society he enters, whether of nobles, Brahmans, heads of houses, or

members of the order, he enters with confidence and self-possession;

fourthly, he dies without anxiety; and, lastly, on the dissolution

of the body after death, his mind remains in a happy state. Wherever

his karma continues, there will be heavenly bliss and peace. This, O

householders, is the fivefold gain of the well doer." When the Blessed

One had taught the disciples, and incited them, and roused them, and

gladdened them far into the night with religious edification, he

dismissed them, saying, "The night is far spent, O householders. It is

time for you to do what ye deem most fit."

  "Be it so, Lord!" answered the disciples of Pataliputta, and

rising from their seats, they bowed to the Blessed One, and keeping

him on their right hand as they passed him, they departed thence.

  While the Blessed One stayed at Pataliputta, the king of Magadha

sent a messenger to the governor of Pataliputta to raise

fortifications for the security of the town. The Blessed One seeing

the laborers at work predicted the future greatness of the place,

saying: "The men who build the fortress act as if they had consulted

higher powers. For this city of Pataliputta will be a dwelling-place

of busy men and a center for the exchange of all kinds of goods. But

three dangers hang over Pataliputta, that of fire, that of water, that

of dissension."

  When the governor heard of the prophecy of Pataliputta's future,

he greatly rejoiced and named the city-gate through which the Buddha

had gone towards the river Ganges, "The Gotama Gate." Meanwhile the

people living on the banks of the Ganges arrived in great numbers to

pay reverence to the Lord of the world; and many persons asked him

to do them the honor to cross over in their boats. But the Blessed One

considering the number of the boats and their beauty did not want to

show any partiality, and by accepting the invitation of one to

offend all the others. He therefore crossed the river without any

boat, signifying thereby that the rafts of asceticism and the gaudy

gondolas of religious ceremonies were not staunch enough to weather

the storms of samsara, while the Tathagata can walk dry-shod over

the ocean of worldliness. And as the city gate was called after the

name of the Tathagata so the people called this passage of the river

"Gotama Ford."