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Religion of the Samurai IntraText CT - Index of footnotes |
2: . They chiefly consist of the Four Nikayas: (1) Digha Nikaya (Dirghagamas, translated into Chinese[...] 3: . The Southern Buddhists never call their faith Hinayana, the name being an invention of later Bud[...] 4: . A catalogue of the Buddhist Canon, K'-yuen-luh, gives the titles of 897 Mahayana sutras, yet the[...] 1: . Hinayanism is, generally speaking, inclined to be pessimistic, but Mahayanism in the main holds [...] 2: . (1) The Ten Dai Sect, including three sub-sects; (2) The Shin Gon Sect, including eleven sub-sec[...] 1: . The word Zen is the Sinico-Japanese abbreviation of the Sanskrit Dhyana, or Meditation. It impli[...] 2: There exists a society formed by men who have broken with the old creeds of Buddhism, and who cal[...] 1: . Lin Tsi Luh (Rin-zai-roku). 2: "Shakya and Maitreya," says Go So, "are servants to the other person. Who is that other person?" [...] 1: . A Chinese Zen teacher, well known for his peculiarities, who died in A.D. 824. For the details o[...] 2: The sitting-in-meditation, for the full explanation of which see Chapter VIII. 1: . See 'A History of Chinese Philosophy,' by Ryukichi Endo, and A History of Chinese Philosophy,' by[...] 2: For the life of this distinguished scholar and soldier (1472-1529), see 'A Detailed Life of O Yo [...]
1: . The anonymous author of Lankavatara-sutra distinguishes the heterodox Zen from the Hinayana Zen, [...] 1: . The incident is related as follows: When the Buddha was at the assembly on the Mount of Holy Vul[...] 2: . One of the founders of Mahayana Buddhism, who flourished in the first century A.D. There exists [...] 3: . The founder of the Madhyamika school of Mahayana Buddhism, who lived in the second century A.D. [...] 4: . Sometimes called Aryadeva, a successor of Nagarjuna. A life of his was translated into Chinese b[...] 5: . A younger brother of Asamga, a famous Mahayanist of the fifth century A.D. There are thirty-six [...]
1: . Northern Gi dynasty (A.D. 386-534). 2: Sho-rin-ji, erected by the Emperor Hiao Ming of Northern Wei A.D. 497. 3: Chwang-tsz in his famous parable compares a great sage with the Pang, an imaginary bird of enormo[...] 1: . This reminds us of Nan Yoh Hwui Sz (Nan-gaku-e-shi, died A.D. 577), who is said to have learned Z[...]
1: . King Teh Chwen Tang Luh (Kei-toku-den-to-roku), published by Tao Yuen (Do-gen) A.D. 1004, gives [...]
2: . A favourite disciple of Shakya Muni, and the Third Patriarch of Zen. 3: . The: name means I Immovable,' and represents the firmness of thought. 4: . Earth, water, fire, and air. 5: . (1) Rupa, or form; (2) Vedana, or perception; (3) Samjña, or consciousness; (4) Karman (or Samsk[...] 1: . The clerical cloak, which is said to have been dark green. It became an object of great veneratio[...]
3: The Second Patriarch died in A.D. 593 -- that is, sixty-five years after the departure of the Fir[...] 1: . A good many commentaries were written on the book, and it is considered as one of the best books[...]
3: . He died in A.D. 651-that is, forty-five years after the death of the Third Patriarch.
1: . These verses have often been misunderstood as expressive of a nihilistic view, but the real mean[...]
1: . There exists Luh Tan Fah Pao Tan King (Roku-so-ho-bo-dan-kyo), a collection of his sermons. It i[...] 2: (1) The Tsao Tung (So-to) Sect, founded by Tsing Yuen (died in A.D. 740) and his successors; (2) [...] 1: . Among the great names of Zen believers the following are most important: Pang Yun (Ho-on, flouri[...] 2: . Of doctrinal Zen books, besides Sin Sin Ming by the Third Patriarch, and Fah Pao Tan King by the[...]
1: . A long official staff (Shu-jo) like the crosier carried by the abbot of the monastery. 2: . An ornamental brush (Hos-su) often carried by Zen teachers. 3: . The giving of a slap was first tried by the Sixth Patriarch, who struck one of his disciples, kn[...]
2: . It is beyond all doubt that Poh Loh Tien (Haku-raku-ten) practised Zen, but at the same time bel[...] 1: . The Emperor sent him to Japan in 1299 with some secret order, but he did nothing political, and [...] 2: . A most renowned Zen master in the Yuen dynasty, whom the Emperor Jan Tsung invited to visit the [...] 3: . An author noted for his learning and virtues, who was rather a worshipper of Amitabha than a Zen[...] 4: . An author of voluminous books, of which Tüng Shang Ku Cheh (To-jo-ko-tetsu) is well known. 1: . This well-known philosophy was first taught by Cheu Men Shuh (Shu-mo-shiku, died in 1073) in its[...] 2: He was born in 1472, and died in 1529. His doctrine exercised a most fruitful influence on many o[...] 3: See Den-shu-roku and O-ya-mei-zen-sho.
2: Zen was first introduced into Japan by Do sha (629-700) as early as 653-656, at the time when the[...] 1: . The three divisions of the Buddhist canon, viz.: (1) Sutra-pitaka, or a collection of doctrin[...] 2: The great monastery erected in 788 by Sai-cho (767-822), the founder of the Japanese Ten Dai Sect[...] 3: The sect was named after its founder in China, Chi 1 (538-597), who lived in the monastery of Tie[...] 4: He erected the monastery of Sho-fuku-ji in 1195, which is still prospering. 1: . The Shin Gon or Mantra Sect is based on Mahavairocanabhi-sambodhi-sutra, Vajraçekhara-sutra, and[...] 2: Sai-cho, the founder of the Japanese Ten Dai Sect, first learned the doctrine of the Northern Sch[...]
1: . (1) Pao King San Mei (Ho-kyo-san-mai, 'Precious Mirror Samadhi'), a metrical exposition of Zen, [...]
1: . The monastery was built in 1244 by Yoshi-shige (Hatano), the feudal lord who invited Do-gen. He [...]
2: They were degenerated monks (who were called monk-soldiers), belonging to great monasteries such [...]
1: . Lin Tsi, the founder of the Lin Tsi school. 1: . A loud outcry, frequently made use of by Zen teachers, after Rin-zai. Its Chinese pronunciation [...]
1: . The man was not a pure Zen master, being a disciple of Kumarajiva, the founder of the San Ron Se[...]
3: . Tao Lung (Do-ryu), known as Dai-kaku Zen-ji, invited by Tokiyori, came over to Japan in 1246. He[...]
1: . The event is detailed at length in a life of So-shun, but some historians suspect it to be ficti[...] 2: . As we have already mentioned, Do-gen, the founder of the Japanese So To Sect, shunned the societ[...] 1: . So-seki (1276-1351) was perhaps the greatest Zen master of the period. Of numerous monasteries b[...] 2: Myo-shin-ji was built in 1337 by the Emperor Hana-zono; Ten-ryu-ji was erected by Taka-uji, the f[...]
2: Ken-shin learned Zen under Shu-ken, a So Ta master. See To-jo-ren-to-roku. 1: . After the introduction of Zen into Japan many important books were written, and the following ar[...]
1: . See "Zen Shu," No. 151. 2: He is known as Ta-jima, who practised Zen under Taku-an. 1: . Shi-seki-shu-ran. 2: In-gen (1654-1673) came over with Ta-Mei (Dai-bi, died 1673), Hwui Lin (E-rin died 1681), Tuh Cha[...] 1: . Tsih Fei (Soku-hi died 1671), Muh Ngan (Moku-an died 1684), Kao Tsüen (Ko-sen died 1695), the au[...] 2: This is a sub-sect of the Rin Zai School, as shown in the following table: TABLE OF THE TRANSMI[...] 1: . He (died 1694) learned Zen under a contemporary Zen master (Buccho), and is said to have been en[...] 2: The teaching was called Shin-gaku, or the 'learning of mind.' It was first taught by Bai-gan (Ish[...]
1: . Mahaprajñaparamita-sutra, vol. 425. 2: . Rin-zai-roku.
1: . Zen-rin-rui-sha and To-zan-roku.
1: . Bodhiruci says to the effect that the preachings in the first five assemblies were made in the f[...] 2: . (1) Anguttara, (2) Majjhima, (3) Digha, (4) Samyutta. 3: . Kondañña, Vappa, Baddiya, Mahanana, Assaji. 1: . The first is the sacred truth of suffering; the second the truth of the origin of suffering -- t[...] 2: This is one of the most noted Mahayana books, and is said to be the best specimen of the sutras b[...] 1: . Nagarjuna's doctrine depends mainly on these sutras.
1: . The foremost of them was Chuki Tominaga (1744), of whose life little is known. He is said to hav[...] 1: . A learned Japanese Buddhist scholar, who died in 1882. 2: A famous Zen master, the abbot of the So-ji-ji Monastery, who died in 1879. 1: . Kin-sei-zen-rin-gen-ko-roku. 2: . Ukiyo-soshi. 1: . This book is the nearest approach to the doctrine of Zen, and is said to have been pointed out b[...] 2: . The author of the sutra insists on the unreality of all things. The book was first used by the F[...] 3: . The sutra agrees with Zen in many respects, especially in its maintaining that the highest truth[...] 4: . The sutra was translated into Chinese by Buddhatrata in the seventh century. The author treats a[...] 5: . The sutra was translated into Chinese by Paramiti and Mikaçakya, of the Tang dynasty (618-907). [...] 6: . The author of the book sets forth his own conception of Nirvana and of Buddha, and maintains tha[...]
2: A direct disciple of the Sixth Patriarch.
2: . Those who believe in the doctrine of Holy Path. See 'A History of the Twelve Japanese Buddhist S[...] 3: . Those who believe in the doctrine of the Pure Land.
2: . So-kei, a Korean Zenist, whose work entitled Zen-ke-ki-kwan is worthy of our note as a represent[...] 3: Sho-bo-gen-zo.
1: . 'Chwang Tsz,' vol. vi., p. 23.
2: Zen-rin-rui-shu.
2: . Roku-so-dan-kyo.
2: Zen-rin-rui-shu and To-shi-go-roku.
2: . Another name for Buddha is the Original Mind" (Kechi-myaku-ron). 3: For such dialogues, see Sho-yo-roku, Mu-mon-kan, Heki-gan-shu. Fu-kiu's words are repeatedly quot[...]
2: Mahaparinirvana-sutra.
1: . For the details, see Heki-gan-shu.
2: Mahaparinirvana-sutra may be said to have been written for the purpose of stating this idea.
2: . The last Emperor of the Yin dynasty, one of the worst despots. His reign was 1154-1122 B.C. [...]
1: . The master strongly condemns the immortality of the soul as the heterodox doctrine in his Sho-bo[...] 2: . 'Creative Evolution,' pp. 354, 355. 1: . Bergson, arguing against the dependence of the mind on brain, says: "That there is a close connec[...]
2: . 'The Destiny of Man,' p. 110. 1: . 'The Destiny of Man,' pp. 110, 111.
1: . Chwang Tsz, vol. i., p. 20. 2: . This is a favourite subject of discussion by Zenists.
2: . That knowledge by which one becomes enlightened. 3: . Supreme wisdom. 1: . Sukhavati, or the land of bliss.
2: . The Rin-zai teachers mostly make use of the doctrine of unreality of all things, as taught in Pr[...] 1: . See the appendix, chap. ii., 'The Mahayana Doctrine of Nihilism.'
2: . Zen-rin-rui-shu.
1: . A simpler work on Idealism, translated into Chinese by Hiuen Tsang in A.D. 661. See Nanjo's Cata[...]
1: . A well-known scholar (1173-1232) of the Anatamsaka School of Mahayanism. 2: Go-i in Japanese, mostly used by the So-To School of Zen. The detailed explanation is given in Go[...]
2: . Ibid., p. 95. 3: . Ibid., p. 268. 4: . Ibid., p. 271. 1: . 'Personalism,' pp. 272, 273.
1: . Such is the precept taught in the Vinaya of Hinayanists. 2: See Mahasatiptthana Suttanta, 2-13. 3: This is the logical conclusion of Hinayanism.
2: . Dr. H. Kato seems to have thought that good cause may bring out bad effect when he attacked Buddh[...] 1: . The account is given by Chwang Tsz in his book, vol. xviii., p. 17.
1: . Samantabhadra-dhyana-sutra. 2: . Nanjo's Catalogue, No. 117.
2: . The founder (1173-1262) of the Shin Sect, who was banished to the province of Eechigo in 1207. Se[...] 3: . The founder (1131 1212) of the Jo Do Sect, who was exiled to the Island of Tosa in 1207. See Nanj[...] 1: . Hanawa (1746-1821), who published Gun-sho-rui-zu in 1782.
1: . Wu Tsu (Go So), the teacher of Yuen Wu (En Go).
1: . One of the greatest scholars of the Tokugawa period, who died in 1728. See Etsu-wa-bun-ko. 2: The soldiers of the Tokugawa period were used to hold such a meeting. 3: Kai-shu-gen-ko-roku. 4: A well-known loyalist in the Tokugawa period, who died in 1793. 1: . Etsu-wa-bun-ko. 2: . Sho-bo-gen-zo-zui-mon-ki, by Do-gen.
1: . E-gen and Den-to-roku. 2: . The founder of the Wang School of Confucianism, a practiser of Meditation, who was born in 1472, [...] 1: . Kin-sei-zen-rin-gen-ko-roku, by D. Mori.
3: Kei-zan (Jo-kin), the founder of So-ji-ji, the head temple of the So To Sect of Zen, who died at t[...] 1: . Chwang Tsz, vol. iii., p. 2. 2: . Dharmatara-dhyana-sutra.
2: . Za-zen-yo-jin-ki.
2: A prominent disciple of the Fourth Patriarch, the founder of the Niu Teu School (Go-zu-zen) of Zen[...] 1: Mañjuçri is a legendary Bodhisattva, who became an object of worship of some Mahayanists. He is tr[...] 2: . Hwui Yuen (E-gen) and Sho-bo-gen-zo. 3: . The things or objects, not of sense, but of mind. 4: . Lin Tsi Luh (Rin-zai-roku). 1: . One of the prominent disciples of Shakya Muni, who became famous for his wisdom. 2: . One of the eminent disciples of Shakya Muni, noted for his supernatural powers. 3: . Zen-rin-rui-sku. 1: . Ei-hei-ko-roku.
1: . The Third Patriarch. 2: . Hwui Yuen (E-gen).
1: . 'Sutra on the Brahmacarin Black-family,' translated into Chinese by K' Khien, of the Wu dynasty ([...] 1: . O-yo-mei-shutsu-shin-sei-ran-roku. 2: . Ibid. 1: . This famous old man died in A.D. 1730. 2: Se-ji-hyaku-dan.
2: . Ko in Japanese. 3: . Bu in Japanese. 4: . Ko in Japanese. 1: . Ko-ko in Japanese.
1: . Sho-bo gen-zo.
1: . (1) Naraka, or Hell; (2) Pretas, or hungry demons; (3) beasts.
2: . The same idea and expression are found in Tao Teh King (Do-toku-kyo), by Lao Tsz (Ro-shi, 604-522[...] 3: . The Three Powers are-(1) Heaven, that has the power of revolution; (2) Earth, that has the power [...] 4: . The sentence is a direct quotation of Tao Teh King.è 1: . Such a statement concerning the creation of the universe as the one here given is found in I King[...] 2: . Not all Buddhists, but some of them, are meant here-that is, Hinayanists and Dharma-laksanists. [...] 3: . According to Hinayanists, Karma (action) is that moral germ which survives death and continues in[...] 4: According to the Dharma-laksana Sect, Alaya-vijñana (receptacle-knowledge) is the spiritual Substa[...] 1: . The temporary doctrine means the teaching preached by Shakya Muni to meet the temporary needs of [...]
2: . Confucianists are not of exactly the same opinion as Taoists respecting the creation. The Great P[...] 3: . The Great Path of Emptiness, Hü Wu Ta Tao, is the technical name for the Taoist conception of the[...] 4: . Confucianism mainly treats of ethical problems, but Taoism is noted for its metaphysical speculat[...] 1: . One of the greatest Taoist philosophers, and the author of the book entitled after his name. He f[...] 2: . The last Emperor of the Hia dynasty, notorious for his vices. His reign was 1818-1767 B.C. 3: . The last Emperor of the Yin dynasty, one of the worst despots. His reign was 1154-1122 B.C. 4: . Yen Hwui (Gan-kai, 541-483 B.C.), a most beloved disciple of Confucius, known as a wise and virtu[...] 5: . Jan Poh Niu (Zen-pak-giu, 521- . . . B.C.), a prominent disciple, of Confucius, distinguished for[...] 6: . Poh I (Haku-i), the elder brother of Tsi, who distinguished himself by his faith and wisdom at th[...] 7: . Shuh Tsi (Shiku Sei), the brother of I, with whom he shared the same fate. 1: . Degenerated Taoists maintained that they could prepare a certain miraculous draught, by the takin[...] 2: . Cheu Kung (Shu-ko), a most noted statesman and scholar, the younger brother of the Emperor Wu (11[...] 3: . (1) Humanity, (2) Uprightness, (3) Propriety, (4) Wisdom, (5) Sincerity. 4: . (1) Reading, (2) Arithmetic, (3) Etiquette, (4) Archery, (5) Horsemanship, (6) Music. 1: . According to Tsin Shu, a man, Pao Tsing by name, told his parents, when he was five years, that h[...] 2: . Yan Hu, a native of Tsin Chen, recollected, at the age of five, that he had been a son to the nex[...] 3: . All the ancient sages of China believed in spirits, and propitiated them by sacrifices. 4: . The sacred books of Confucianism, Shu King and Li Ki. 1: . Poh Yiu, of Ching, is said to have become an epidemic spirit to take vengeance on his enemies. [...] 2: . According to Tso Chwen (Sa-den), when Wei Wu, a General of Tsin, fought with Tu Hwui, the dead fa[...] 3: . (1) The heaven, or the world for Devas; (2) the earth, or the world for men; (3) the world for As[...] 1: . Shu King and I King. 2: . Ibid. 3: . Shu King, a famous book of odes. 4: . Shu King, the records of the administrations of the wisest monarchs of old. 5: . Li Ki, the book on proprieties and etiquette. 6: . It is said in Hiao King that music is the best means to improve customs and manners.
3: . A. 'This is mentioned in the third chapter.'
5: . There are three grades in each of the tenfold sin. For instance, the taking of the life of a Budd[...] 6: . Hungry spirits. 1: . The five cardinal virtues of Confucianism are quite similar to the five precepts of Buddhism, as [...] 2: . (1) Hell, (2) Pretas, (3) Beasts. 3: . A. 'The Buddhist precepts are different from the Confucian teachings in the form of expression, b[...] 4: . (1) Not to take life, (2) not to steal, (3) not to be adulterous, (4) not to lie, (5) not to exag[...] 6: The Buddhists taught the four Dhyanas, or the four different degrees of abstract contemplation, by[...] 1: . Namely, the above-mentioned four degrees of contemplation, and other four deeper ecstatic meditat[...] 2: Rupa-loka, the world of form, is the second of the 'three Worlds. It consists of eighteen heavens,[...] 3: A. 'But there are three sorts of Karmas: (1) The bad, (2) the good, (3) the immovable. There are t[...] 4: The states of -- (1) heavenly beings, (2) men, (3) beings in hell, (4) hungry spirits, (5) beasts.[...]
2: A. 'The passion that covets fame and gain to keep oneself in prosperity.' 3: A. 'The passion against disagreeable things, for fear of their inflicting injuries on oneself.' [...] 4: A. 'Wrong thoughts and inferences.' 5: A. Different sorts of beings are born by virtue of the individualizing Karma.' 6: A. 'Worlds are produced by virtue of the Karma common to all beings that live in them.' 1: . Kalpa, a mundane cycle, is not reckoned by months and years. lt is a period during which a physic[...] 1: . A. 'Taoists merely know that there was one Kalpa of Emptiness before the formation of this presen[...] 1: . A. 'It receives both the agreeable and the disagreeable impressions from without.' It is Yedana, [...] 2: A. 'It perceives the forms of external objects.' It is Samjña, name, the third of the five aggrega[...] 3: A. 'It acts, one idea changing after another.' It is Samskara, the fourth of the five aggregates. [...] 4: A. 'It recognizes.' It is Vijñana, the last of the five aggregates. 5: Eighty thousand simply means a great many. 1: . A. 'He understands the truth of misery.' The truth of Duhkha, or misery, is the first of the four[...] 2: A. 'He destroys Samudaya.' The truth of Samudaya, or accumulation, the second of the four Satyas, [...] 3: A. 'This is the truth of Marga.' The truth of Marga, or Path, is the fourth of the four Satyas. Th[...] 4: A. 'This is the truth of Nirodha.' Nirodha, or destruction, the third of the four Satyas, means th[...] 5: Arhat, the Killer of thieves (i.e., passions), means one who conquered his passions. It means, sec[...] 1: . A. 'The conditions are the Indriyas and the Visayas, etc.' Indriyas are organs of sense, and Visa[...] 2: . Mano-vijñana is the mind itself, and the last of the six Vijñanas of the Hinayana doctrine. A. '([...]
4: . (1) The sense of sight; (2) the sense of hearing; (3) the sense of smell; (4) the sense of taste;[...] 1: . The first seven Vijñanas depend on the Alaya, which is said to hold all the 'seeds' of physical a[...] 2: This school is an extreme form of Idealism, and maintains that nothing separated from the Alaya ca[...] 3: The non-enlightened mind, habitually thinking that Atman and external objects exist, leaves the i[...] 1: . A. 'That a dreamer fancies he sees things is well known to everybody.' 2: A. 'As it was detailed above.' 3: A. 'An imperfect doctrine, which is refuted later.'
1: . A. 'In the following sentences I refute it, making use of the simile of the dream.' 1: . The principal textbook of the Madhyamika School, by Nagarjuna and Nilanetra, translated into Chin[...] 2: . A well-known Mahayana book ascribed to Açvaghosa, translated into Chinese by Paramartha. There ex[...] 3: . Vajracchedha-prajña-paramita-sutra, of which there exist three Chinese translations. 4: . A. 'Similar passages are found in every book of the Mahayana Tripitaka.' 1: . The Absolute is compared with the ocean, and the phenomenal universe with the waves. 2: The book was translated into Chinese by Gunabhadra, A.D. 420-479. 3: This is not the direct quotation from the sutra translated by Hiuen Tsang. The words are found in [...]
2: . The ultimate reality is conceived by the Mahayanist as an entity self-existent, omnipresent, spir[...] 3: . Tathagata's womb, Tathagata being another name for Buddha. 4: . The book was translated into Chinese by Buddhabhadra, A.D. 418-420. 5: . The highest epithet of the Buddha, meaning one who comes into the world like the coming of his p[...] 1: . The all-knowing wisdom that is acquired by Enlightenment. 2: . The inborn wisdom of the Original Enlightenment. 3: . The wisdom that is acquired by the union of Enlightenment with the Original Enlightenment. 4: . One of the famous parables in the sutra. 5: . According to the Buddhist literature, one universe comprises one sun, one moon, one central mount[...] 6: . This is not an exact quotation of the sutra. 1: . The passage occurs in Tao Teh King. 2: . A. 'Although all of the above-mentioned five doctrines were preached by the Buddha Himself, yet t[...]
2: A. 'The first section states the fifth doctrine that reveals the Reality, and the statements in th[...] 3: A. 'The following statement is similar to the fourth doctrine explained above in the refutation of[...] 1: . A. 'The following statement is similar to the doctrine of Dharma-laksana.' 2: . Here Karma simply means an active state; it should be distinguished from Karma, produced by actio[...] 3: . A. 'The following statement is similar to the second doctrine, or Hinayanism.' 4: . A. 'The following statement is similar to the first doctrine for men and Devas.' 1: . The spiritual existence between this and another life. 2: . A. 'The following statement is similar to Confucianism and Taoism.' 3: . A. 'This harmonizes with the outside opinion that Gas is the origin.' 4: . (1) Earth, (2) water, (3) fire, (4) air, 5: . (1) Perception, (2) consciousness, (3) conception, (4) knowledge. 6: . The Karma that determines different classes of beings, such as men, beasts, Pretas, etc, 7: . The Karma that determines the particular state of an individual in the world. 1: . A. 'This harmonizes with the outside opinion that everything occurs naturally.' 2: . A. 'This harmonizes with the outside opinion that everything depends on providence.' 1: . A. 'As above stated.' 2: . A. "In the beginning, according to the outside school, there was 'the great changeableness,' whic[...] 3: . Ratnakuta-sutra (?), translated into Chinese by Jñanagupta. 1: . Every Buddha has three bodies: (1) Dharma-kaya, or spiritual body; (2) Sambhoga-kaya, or the body[...] |
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