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501 1, 29 | their own sakes, but for the sake of him whom they admire 502 1, 29 | they admire in common; and the more fervent he is in his 503 1, 29 | he is in his admiration, the more he works in every way 504 1, 29 | new admirers for him, and the more anxious he becomes 505 1, 29 | become us to do who live in the fellowship of the love of 506 1, 29 | live in the fellowship of the love of God, the enjoyment 507 1, 29 | fellowship of the love of God, the enjoyment of whom is true 508 1, 29 | their own existence and the love they bear Him, concerning 509 1, 29 | pity them rather, because the more they hate us the more 510 1, 29 | because the more they hate us the more are they separated 511 1, 29 | of necessity love Him as the supreme good, and love us 512 1, 30 | angels. For they are happy in the enjoyment of Him whom we 513 1, 30 | whom we long to enjoy; and the more we enjoy Him in this 514 1, 30 | through a glass darkly, the more easy do we find it 515 1, 30 | bear our pilgrimage, and the more eagerly do we long 516 1, 30 | commandments is included the love of angels also. For 517 1, 30 | both by our Lord Himself in the Gospel, and by the Apostle 518 1, 30 | Himself in the Gospel, and by the Apostle Paul. For when the 519 1, 30 | the Apostle Paul. For when the man to whom our Lord delivered 520 1, 30 | said that on these hang all the law and the prophets, asked 521 1, 30 | these hang all the law and the prophets, asked Him, "And 522 1, 30 | relieve and care for him. And the man who had asked the question 523 1, 30 | And the man who had asked the question admitted the truth 524 1, 30 | asked the question admitted the truth of this when he was 525 1, 30 | us is our neighbour. For the name "neighbour" is a relative 526 1, 30 | one as a person to whom the offices of mercy may be 527 1, 30 | denied when our Lord extends the rule even to our enemies? " 528 1, 30 | And so also the Apostle Paul teaches when 529 1, 30 | Whoever then supposes that the apostle did not embrace 530 1, 30 | and most pernicious, that the apostle thought it no sin, 531 1, 30 | who ought to show to us, the of offices of mercy is by 532 1, 30 | neighbour, it is manifest that the command to love our neighbour 533 1, 30 | love our neighbour embraces the holy angels also, seeing 534 1, 30 | easily be shown by turning the attention to many passages 535 1, 30 | points to Himself under the figure of the man who brought 536 1, 30 | Himself under the figure of the man who brought aid to him 537 1, 30 | who was lying half dead on the road, wounded and abandoned 538 1, 30 | wounded and abandoned by the robbers. And the Psalmist 539 1, 30 | abandoned by the robbers. And the Psalmist says in his prayer, " 540 1, 30 | friend or brother." But as the Divine nature is of higher 541 1, 30 | removed above, our nature, the command to love God is distinct 542 1, 31 | frequently sets before us the love He has towards us. 543 1, 31 | man will say that; for all the good we enjoy is either 544 1, 31 | ignorant or in doubt as to the fact that the light stands 545 1, 31 | doubt as to the fact that the light stands in no need 546 1, 31 | light stands in no need of the glitter of the things it 547 1, 31 | no need of the glitter of the things it has itself lit 548 1, 31 | things it has itself lit up. The Psalmist says most plainly, " 549 1, 31 | most plainly, "I said to the LORD, Thou art my God, for 550 1, 32 | we do so with a view to the full enjoyment of the goodness 551 1, 32 | to the full enjoyment of the goodness of God. God, however, 552 1, 32 | less complete. Now He is the first and supreme existence, 553 1, 32 | unchangeable, and who could say in the fullest sense of the words, " 554 1, 32 | in the fullest sense of the words, "I AM THAT I AM," 555 1, 32 | for God does not leave the mercy we show to him who 556 1, 33 | another, we stop short upon the road, and place our hope 557 1, 33 | happiness in man or angel. Now the proud man and the proud 558 1, 33 | angel. Now the proud man and the proud angel arrogate this 559 1, 33 | themselves, and are glad to have the hope of others fixed upon 560 1, 33 | fixed upon them. But, on the contrary, the holy man and 561 1, 33 | them. But, on the contrary, the holy man and the holy angel, 562 1, 33 | contrary, the holy man and the holy angel, even when we 563 1, 33 | recruit our energies with the provision which they have 564 1, 33 | our way towards Him, in the enjoyment of whom we find 565 1, 33 | common happiness. For even the apostle exclaims, "Was Paul 566 1, 33 | Or were ye baptized in the name of Paul?" And again: " 567 1, 33 | watereth; but God that giveth the increase." And the angel 568 1, 33 | giveth the increase." And the angel admonisheth the man 569 1, 33 | And the angel admonisheth the man who is about to worship 570 1, 33 | let me have joy of thee in the Lord." For if he had not 571 1, 33 | if he had not added "in the Lord," but had only said, " 572 1, 33 | upon him, although even in the immediate context to "enjoy" 573 1, 33 | context to "enjoy" is used in the sense of to "use with delight." 574 1, 33 | with delight." For when the thing that we love is near 575 1, 33 | must never do except in the case of the Blessed Trinity, 576 1, 33 | do except in the case of the Blessed Trinity, who is 577 1, 33 | Blessed Trinity, who is the Supreme and Unchangeable 578 1, 34 | chap. 34. Christ the first way to God~ 579 1, 34 | even when He who is Himself the Truth and the Word, by whom 580 1, 34 | is Himself the Truth and the Word, by whom all things 581 1, 34 | He might dwell among us, the apostle yet says: "Yea, 582 1, 34 | have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth 583 1, 34 | desiring not only to give the possession to those who 584 1, 34 | those who had completed the journey, but also to be 585 1, 34 | but also to be Himself the way to those who were just 586 1, 34 | Whence also that expression, "The Lord created me in the beginning 587 1, 34 | The Lord created me in the beginning of His way," that 588 1, 34 | begin their journey in Him. The apostle, therefore, although 589 1, 34 | therefore, although still on the way, and following after 590 1, 34 | after God who called him to the reward of His heavenly calling, 591 1, 34 | had already passed over the beginning of the way, and 592 1, 34 | passed over the beginning of the way, and had now no further 593 1, 34 | who desire to attain to the truth, and to rest in eternal 594 1, 34 | life. For He says: "I am the way, and the truth, and 595 1, 34 | says: "I am the way, and the truth, and the life;" that 596 1, 34 | way, and the truth, and the life;" that is, by me men 597 1, 34 | come to Him, we come to the Father also, because through 598 1, 34 | equal an equal is known; and the Holy Spirit binds, and as 599 1, 34 | able to rest permanently in the supreme and unchangeable 600 1, 34 | nothing should detain us on the way, when not even our Lord 601 1, 34 | has freed our nature from the bondage of temporal things, 602 1, 34 | and has set it down at the right hand of His Father. ~ 603 1, 35 | chap. 35. The fulfilment and end of Scripture 604 1, 35 | and end of Scripture is the love of God and our neighbour~ 605 1, 35 | said since we entered upon the discussion about things, 606 1, 35 | discussion about things, this is the sum: that we should clearly 607 1, 35 | clearly understand that the fulfilment and the end of 608 1, 35 | that the fulfilment and the end of the Law, and of all 609 1, 35 | fulfilment and the end of the Law, and of all Holy Scripture, 610 1, 35 | of all Holy Scripture, is the love of an object which 611 1, 35 | which is to be enjoyed, and the love of an object which 612 1, 35 | man should love himself. The whole temporal dispensation 613 1, 35 | therefore, was framed by the providence of God that we 614 1, 35 | such as we have towards the road, or carriages, or other 615 1, 35 | will more suitably express the idea that we are to love 616 1, 35 | idea that we are to love the things by which we are borne 617 1, 35 | which we are borne only for the sake of that towards which 618 1, 36 | even though it be faulty. The interpreter, however should 619 1, 36 | thinks that he understands the Holy Scriptures, or any 620 1, 36 | them as he ought. If, on the other hand, a man draws 621 1, 36 | them that may be used for the building up of love, even 622 1, 36 | he does not happen upon the precise meaning which the 623 1, 36 | the precise meaning which the author whom he reads intended 624 1, 36 | he is wholly clear from the charge of deception. For 625 1, 36 | is involved in deception the intention to say what is 626 1, 36 | be deceived. Since, then, the man who knows practices 627 1, 36 | knows practices deceit, and the ignorant man is practiced 628 1, 36 | that in any particular case the man who is deceived is a 629 1, 36 | For no liar keeps faith in the matter about which he lies. 630 1, 36 | wishes, of course, that the man to whom he lies should 631 1, 36 | meaning out of Scripture than the writer intended, goes astray, 632 1, 36 | build up love, which is the end of the commandment, 633 1, 36 | love, which is the end of the commandment, he goes astray 634 1, 36 | he goes astray in much the same way as a man who by 635 1, 36 | man who by mistake quits the high road, but yet reaches 636 1, 36 | but yet reaches through the fields the same place to 637 1, 36 | reaches through the fields the same place to which the 638 1, 36 | the same place to which the road leads. He is to be 639 1, 36 | better it is not to quit the straight road, lest, if 640 1, 36 | cross roads, or even go in the wrong direction altogether. ~ 641 1, 37 | up rashly a meaning which the author whom he is reading 642 1, 37 | certain, then it follows that the meaning he had put upon 643 1, 37 | meaning he had put upon the former passage cannot be 644 1, 37 | former passage cannot be the true one: and so it comes 645 1, 37 | Now faith will totter if the authority of Scripture begin 646 1, 37 | through diligent attention to the precepts of morality, he 647 1, 37 | also that he shall attain the object of his love. And 648 1, 37 | his love. And so these are the three things to which all 649 1, 38 | we shall come: love, on the other hand, shall wax greater 650 1, 38 | begins to prove worthless the moment we attain it, because 651 1, 38 | because it does not satisfy the soul, which has its only 652 1, 38 | eternity: an eternal object, on the other hand, is loved with 653 1, 38 | value than he thought; on the contrary, however high the 654 1, 38 | the contrary, however high the value any man may set upon 655 1, 39 | upon these, does not need the Scriptures except for the 656 1, 39 | the Scriptures except for the purpose of instructing others. 657 1, 39 | many live without copies of the Scriptures, even in solitude, 658 1, 39 | Scriptures, even in solitude, on the strength of these three 659 1, 39 | in their case, I think, the saying is already fulfilled: " 660 1, 39 | for, in comparison with the future life, the life of 661 1, 39 | comparison with the future life, the life of no just and holy 662 1, 39 | perfect here. Therefore the apostle says: "Now abideth 663 1, 39 | charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity:" 664 1, 39 | a man shall have reached the eternal world, while the 665 1, 39 | the eternal world, while the other two graces will fail, 666 1, 40 | fully understands that "the end of the commandment is 667 1, 40 | understands that "the end of the commandment is charity, 668 1, 40 | three graces, he may come to the interpretation of these 669 1, 40 | an easy mind. For while the apostle says "love," he 670 1, 40 | hope; for, if a man has the burthen of a bad conscience, 671 1, 40 | believes in and loves. And in the third place he says: "and 672 1, 40 | uprightly we are able to indulge the hope that our hope shall 673 1, 40 | been anxious to speak about the objects of faith, as far 674 1, 40 | myself. And so let this be the end of the present book. 675 1, 40 | so let this be the end of the present book. In the next 676 1, 40 | of the present book. In the next I shall discuss, as 677 1, 40 | God shall give me light, the subject of signs. ~ 678 2, arg | his exposition of things, the author now proceeds to discuss 679 2, arg | now proceeds to discuss the subject of signs. He first 680 2, arg | are two classes of signs, the natural and the conventional. 681 2, arg | of signs, the natural and the conventional. Of conventional 682 2, arg | conventional signs (which are the only class here noticed), 683 2, arg | here noticed), words are the most numerous and important, 684 2, arg | and are those with which the interpreter of Scripture 685 2, arg | Scripture is chiefly concerned. The difficulties and obscurities 686 2, arg | unknown and ambiguous signs. The present book deals only 687 2, arg | only with unknown signs, the ambiguities of language 688 2, arg | reserved for treatment in the next book. The difficulty 689 2, arg | treatment in the next book. The difficulty arising from 690 2, arg | to be removed by learning the Greek and Hebrew languages, 691 2, arg | is written, by comparing the various translations, and 692 2, arg | translations, and by attending to the context. In the interpretation 693 2, arg | attending to the context. In the interpretation of figurative 694 2, arg | knowledge of words; and the various sciences and arts 695 2, arg | various sciences and arts of the heathen, so far as they 696 2, arg | figurative. Whilst exposing the folly and futility of many 697 2, arg | superstitions and practices, the author points out how all 698 2, arg | in conclusion, he shows the spirit in which it behoves 699 2, arg | to address ourselves to the study and interpretation 700 2, arg | study and interpretation of the sacred books. ~ 701 2, 1 | about things, I introduced the subject with a warning against 702 2, 1 | come in its turn to discuss the subject of signs, I lay 703 2, 1 | are in themselves, but to the fact that they are signs, 704 2, 1 | thing which, over and above the impression it makes on the 705 2, 1 | the impression it makes on the senses, causes something 706 2, 1 | something else to come into the mind as a consequence of 707 2, 1 | beneath; and when we hear the voice of a living man, we 708 2, 1 | living man, we think of the feeling in his mind; and 709 2, 1 | feeling in his mind; and when the trumpet sounds, soldiers 710 2, 1 | retreat, or do whatever else the state of the battle requires. ~ 711 2, 1 | whatever else the state of the battle requires. ~ 712 2, 1 | as signs, do yet lead to the knowledge of something else, 713 2, 1 | but smoke can be seen. And the footprint of an animal passing 714 2, 1 | this class of signs. And the countenance of an angry 715 2, 1 | sorrowful man indicates the feeling in his mind, independently 716 2, 1 | independently of his will: and in the same way every other emotion 717 2, 1 | way every other emotion of the mind is betrayed by the 718 2, 1 | the mind is betrayed by the telltale countenance, even 719 2, 1 | though we do nothing with the intention of making it known. 720 2, 1 | comes under this division of the subject, I could not altogether 721 2, 2 | chap. 2. Of the kind of signs we are now 722 2, 2 | Conventional signs, on the other hand, are those which 723 2, 2 | beings mutually exchange for the purpose of showing, as well 724 2, 2 | showing, as well as they can, the feelings of their minds, 725 2, 2 | for giving a sign except the desire of drawing forth 726 2, 2 | into another's mind what the giver of the sign has in 727 2, 2 | s mind what the giver of the sign has in his own mind. 728 2, 2 | concerned with it, because even the signs which have been given 729 2, 2 | and which are contained in the Holy Scriptures, were made 730 2, 2 | those, namely, who wrote the Scriptures. The beasts, 731 2, 2 | who wrote the Scriptures. The beasts, too, have certain 732 2, 2 | by which they make known the desires in their mind. For 733 2, 2 | in their mind. For when the poultry-cock has discovered 734 2, 2 | signals with his voice for the hen to run to him, and the 735 2, 2 | the hen to run to him, and the dove by cooing calls his 736 2, 2 | turn; and many signs of the same kind are matters of 737 2, 2 | whether these signs, like the expression or the cry of 738 2, 2 | like the expression or the cry of a man in grief, follow 739 2, 2 | of a man in grief, follow the movement of the mind instinctively 740 2, 2 | follow the movement of the mind instinctively and apart 741 2, 2 | they are really used with the purpose of signification, 742 2, 2 | and does not pertain to the matter in hand. And this 743 2, 2 | in hand. And this part of the subject I exclude from the 744 2, 2 | the subject I exclude from the scope of this work as not 745 2, 3 | Among signs, words hold the chief place~ 746 2, 3 | Of the signs, then, by which men 747 2, 3 | another, some relate to the sense of sight, some to 748 2, 3 | of hearing, a very few to the other senses. For, when 749 2, 3 | we give no sign except to the eyes of the man to whom 750 2, 3 | sign except to the eyes of the man to whom we wish by this 751 2, 3 | some convey a great deal by the motion of the hands: and 752 2, 3 | great deal by the motion of the hands: and actors by movements 753 2, 3 | limbs give certain signs to the initiated, and, so to speak, 754 2, 3 | address their conversation to the eyes: and the military standards 755 2, 3 | conversation to the eyes: and the military standards and flags 756 2, 3 | and flags convey through the eyes the will of the commanders. 757 2, 3 | convey through the eyes the will of the commanders. 758 2, 3 | through the eyes the will of the commanders. And all these 759 2, 3 | a kind of visible words. The signs that address themselves 760 2, 3 | that address themselves to the ear are, as I have said, 761 2, 3 | more numerous, and for the most part consist of words. 762 2, 3 | consist of words. For though the bugle and the flute and 763 2, 3 | For though the bugle and the flute and the lyre frequently 764 2, 3 | bugle and the flute and the lyre frequently give not 765 2, 3 | have obtained far and away the chief place as a means of 766 2, 3 | as a means of indicating the thoughts of the mind. Our 767 2, 3 | indicating the thoughts of the mind. Our Lord, it is true, 768 2, 3 | true, gave a sign through the odour of the ointment which 769 2, 3 | sign through the odour of the ointment which was poured 770 2, 3 | out upon His feet; and in the sacrament of His body and 771 2, 3 | signified His will through the sense of taste; and when 772 2, 3 | taste; and when by touching the hem of His garment the woman 773 2, 3 | touching the hem of His garment the woman was made whole, the 774 2, 3 | the woman was made whole, the act was not wanting in significance. 775 2, 3 | wanting in significance. But the countless multitude of the 776 2, 3 | the countless multitude of the signs through which men 777 2, 3 | into words all those signs, the various classes of which 778 2, 4 | soon as they strike upon the air, and last no longer 779 2, 4 | formed signs of words. Thus the sounds of the voice are 780 2, 4 | words. Thus the sounds of the voice are made visible to 781 2, 4 | voice are made visible to the eye, not of course as sounds, 782 2, 4 | to all nations owing to the sin of discord among men, 783 2, 4 | every man trying to snatch the chief place for himself. 784 2, 4 | arrogance of spirit; and the ungodly men concerned in 785 2, 4 | concerned in it justly earned the punishment of having not 786 2, 5 | which brings a remedy for the terrible diseases of the 787 2, 5 | the terrible diseases of the human will, being at first 788 2, 5 | means of which it could at the fit season be disseminated 789 2, 5 | be disseminated through the whole world, was interpreted 790 2, 5 | and thus became known to the nations for their salvation. 791 2, 5 | nothing more than to find out the thought and will of those 792 2, 5 | through these to find out the will of God, in accordance 793 2, 6 | chap. 6. Use of the obscurities in Scripture 794 2, 6 | interpretation. Some of the expressions are so obscure 795 2, 6 | so obscure as to shroud the meaning in the thickest 796 2, 6 | to shroud the meaning in the thickest darkness. And I 797 2, 6 | was divinely arranged for the purpose of subduing pride 798 2, 6 | a feeling of satiety in the intellect, which generally 799 2, 6 | whose life and conversation the Church of Christ uses as 800 2, 6 | servants of God, have come to the baptismal font laying down 801 2, 6 | baptismal font laying down the burdens of the world, and 802 2, 6 | laying down the burdens of the world, and who rising thence 803 2, 6 | rising thence do, through the implanting of the Holy Spirit, 804 2, 6 | through the implanting of the Holy Spirit, yield the fruit 805 2, 6 | of the Holy Spirit, yield the fruit of a twofold love, 806 2, 6 | so much as when he draws the same meaning from that passage 807 2, 6 | Canticles, where it is said of the Church, when it is being 808 2, 6 | it is being praised under the figure of a beautiful woman, " 809 2, 6 | shorn, which came up from the washing, whereof every one 810 2, 6 | barren among them?" Does the hearer learn anything more 811 2, 6 | than when he listens to the same thought expressed in 812 2, 6 | same thought expressed in the plainest language, without 813 2, 6 | plainest language, without the help of this figure? And 814 2, 6 | men, when I view them as the teeth of the Church, tearing 815 2, 6 | view them as the teeth of the Church, tearing men away 816 2, 6 | and bringing them into the church's body, with all 817 2, 6 | torn off and masticated by the teeth. It is with the greatest 818 2, 6 | by the teeth. It is with the greatest pleasure, too, 819 2, 6 | that I recognize them under the figure of sheep that have 820 2, 6 | been shorn, laying down the burthens of the world like 821 2, 6 | laying down the burthens of the world like fleeces, and 822 2, 6 | fleeces, and coming up from the washing, i.e., from baptism, 823 2, 6 | all bearing twins, i.e., the twin commandments of love, 824 2, 6 | such figure were drawn from the sacred books, though the 825 2, 6 | the sacred books, though the fact would remain the same 826 2, 6 | though the fact would remain the same and the knowledge the 827 2, 6 | would remain the same and the knowledge the same, is another 828 2, 6 | the same and the knowledge the same, is another question, 829 2, 6 | however, has any doubt about the facts, both that it is pleasanter 830 2, 6 | attended with difficulty in the seeking gives greater pleasure 831 2, 6 | gives greater pleasure in the finding. For those who seek 832 2, 6 | be avoided. Accordingly the Holy Spirit has, with admirable 833 2, 6 | our welfare, so arranged the Holy Scriptures as by the 834 2, 6 | the Holy Scriptures as by the plainer passages to satisfy 835 2, 6 | satisfy our hunger, and by the more obscure to stimulate 836 2, 6 | not be found set forth in the plainest language elsewhere. ~ 837 2, 7 | that we should be led by the fear of God to seek the 838 2, 7 | the fear of God to seek the knowledge of His will, what 839 2, 7 | of necessity excite in us the thought of our mortality 840 2, 7 | of our mortality and of the death that is before us, 841 2, 7 | before us, and crucify all the motions of pride as if our 842 2, 7 | our flesh were nailed to the tree. Next it is necessary 843 2, 7 | piety, and not to run in the face of Holy Scripture, 844 2, 7 | fear and piety, we come to the third step, knowledge, of 845 2, 7 | every earnest student of the Holy Scriptures exercises 846 2, 7 | is to be loved with all the heart. and with all the 847 2, 7 | the heart. and with all the soul, and with all the mind, 848 2, 7 | all the soul, and with all the mind, and one's neighbour 849 2, 7 | commandments I touched in the previous book when I was 850 2, 7 | should first of all find in the Scriptures that he, through 851 2, 7 | through being entangled in the love of this world i.e., 852 2, 7 | which leads him to think of the judgment of God, and that 853 2, 7 | believe in and submit to the authority of Scripture, 854 2, 7 | bewail his condition. For the knowledge of a good hope 855 2, 7 | with unremitting prayers the comfort of the Divine help 856 2, 7 | unremitting prayers the comfort of the Divine help that he may 857 2, 7 | so he gradually comes to the fourth step, that is, strength 858 2, 7 | things eternal, to wit, the unchangeable Trinity in 859 2, 7 | And when, to the extent of his power, he 860 2, 7 | and has felt that owing to the weakness of his sight he 861 2, 7 | matchless light, then in the fifth step that is, in the 862 2, 7 | the fifth step that is, in the counsel of compassion he 863 2, 7 | with base desires, from the filth it has contracted. 864 2, 7 | exercises himself diligently in the love of his neighbour; and 865 2, 7 | and when he has reached the point of loving his enemy, 866 2, 7 | in strength, he mounts to the sixth step, in which he 867 2, 7 | step, in which he purifies the eye itself which can see 868 2, 7 | stage, too, a man so purges the eye of his affections as 869 2, 7 | even in comparison with, the truth, and therefore not 870 2, 7 | will not step aside from the truth, either for the sake 871 2, 7 | from the truth, either for the sake of pleasing men or 872 2, 7 | with a view to avoid any of the annoyances which beset this 873 2, 7 | ascends to wisdom which is the seventh and last step, and 874 2, 7 | peace and tranquility. For the fear of God is the beginning 875 2, 7 | For the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom. From 876 2, 7 | wisdom itself, our way is by the steps now described. ~ 877 2, 8 | chap. 8. The canonical books~ 878 2, 8 | now go back to consider the third step here mentioned, 879 2, 8 | myself to speak and reason as the Lord shall grant me wisdom. 880 2, 8 | Lord shall grant me wisdom. The most skilful interpreter 881 2, 8 | most skilful interpreter of the sacred writings, then, will 882 2, 8 | then, will be he who in the first place has read them 883 2, 8 | canonical. For he will read the others with greater safety 884 2, 8 | safety when built up in the belief of the truth, so 885 2, 8 | built up in the belief of the truth, so that they will 886 2, 8 | understanding. Now, in regard to the canonical Scriptures, he 887 2, 8 | Scriptures, he must follow the judgment of the greater 888 2, 8 | must follow the judgment of the greater number of catholic 889 2, 8 | been thought worthy to be the seat of an apostle and to 890 2, 8 | epistles. Accordingly, among the canonical Scriptures he 891 2, 8 | will judge according to the following standard: to prefer 892 2, 8 | that are received by all the catholic churches to those 893 2, 8 | will prefer such as have the sanction of the greater 894 2, 8 | as have the sanction of the greater number and those 895 2, 8 | to such as are held by the smaller number and those 896 2, 8 | that some books are held by the greater number of churches, 897 2, 8 | churches, and others by the churches of greater authority ( 898 2, 8 | think that in such a case the authority on the two sides 899 2, 8 | a case the authority on the two sides is to be looked 900 2, 8 | Now the whole canon of Scripture 901 2, 8 | exercised, is contained in the following books: Five books 902 2, 8 | Deuteronomy; one book of Joshua the son of Nun; one of Judges; 903 2, 8 | seems rather to belong to the beginning of Kings; next, 904 2, 8 | to speak, and going over the same ground. The books now 905 2, 8 | going over the same ground. The books now mentioned are 906 2, 8 | a connected narrative of the times, and follows the order 907 2, 8 | of the times, and follows the order of the events. There 908 2, 8 | and follows the order of the events. There are other 909 2, 8 | are connected neither with the order of the preceding books 910 2, 8 | neither with the order of the preceding books nor with 911 2, 8 | Esther, and Judith, and the two books of Maccabees, 912 2, 8 | books of Maccabees, and the two of Ezra, which last 913 2, 8 | look more like a sequel to the continuous regular history 914 2, 8 | history which terminates with the books of Kings and Chronicles. 915 2, 8 | and Chronicles. Next are the Prophets, in which there 916 2, 8 | which there is one book of the Psalms of David; and three 917 2, 8 | books, one called Wisdom and the other Ecclesiasticus, are 918 2, 8 | resemblance of style, but the most likely opinion is that 919 2, 8 | they were written by Jesus the son of Sirach. Still they 920 2, 8 | are to be reckoned among the prophetical books, since 921 2, 8 | as being authoritative. The remainder are the books 922 2, 8 | authoritative. The remainder are the books which are strictly 923 2, 8 | which are strictly called the Prophets: twelve separate 924 2, 8 | twelve separate books of the prophets which are connected 925 2, 8 | are reckoned as one book; the names of these prophets 926 2, 8 | Malachi; then there are the four greater prophets, Isaiah, 927 2, 8 | Jeremiah, Daniel, Ezekiel. The authority of the Old Testament 928 2, 8 | Ezekiel. The authority of the Old Testament is contained 929 2, 8 | Testament is contained within the limits of these forty-four 930 2, 8 | forty-four books. That of the New Testament, again, is 931 2, 8 | again, is contained within the following: Four books of 932 2, 8 | following: Four books of the Gospel, according to Matthew, 933 2, 8 | John; fourteen epistles of the Apostle Paul one to the 934 2, 8 | the Apostle Paul one to the Romans, two to the Corinthians, 935 2, 8 | one to the Romans, two to the Corinthians, one to the 936 2, 8 | the Corinthians, one to the Galatians, to the Ephesians, 937 2, 8 | one to the Galatians, to the Ephesians, to the Philippians, 938 2, 8 | Galatians, to the Ephesians, to the Philippians, two to the 939 2, 8 | the Philippians, two to the Thessalonians, one to the 940 2, 8 | the Thessalonians, one to the Colossians, two to Timothy, 941 2, 8 | to Titus, to Philemon, to the Hebrews: two of Peter; three 942 2, 8 | one of James; one book of the Acts of the Apostles; and 943 2, 8 | one book of the Acts of the Apostles; and one of the 944 2, 8 | the Apostles; and one of the Revelation of John. ~ 945 2, 9 | and pious disposition seek the will of God. And in pursuing 946 2, 9 | in pursuing this search the first rule to be observed 947 2, 9 | these books, if not yet with the understanding, still to 948 2, 9 | and more diligently; and the more of these a man discovers, 949 2, 9 | of these a man discovers, the more capacious does his 950 2, 9 | understanding become. For among the things that are plainly 951 2, 9 | matters that concern faith and the manner of life, to wit, 952 2, 9 | of which I have spoken in the previous book. After this, 953 2, 9 | certain extent familiar with the language of Scripture, we 954 2, 9 | open up and investigate the obscure passages, and in 955 2, 9 | doing so draw examples from the plainer expressions to throw 956 2, 9 | expressions to throw light upon the more obscure, and use the 957 2, 9 | the more obscure, and use the evidence of passages about 958 2, 9 | hesitation in regard to the doubtful passages. And in 959 2, 9 | for a great deal; but if the memory be defective, no 960 2, 9 | defective, no rules can supply the want. ~ 961 2, 10 | they are used to point out the objects they were designed 962 2, 10 | all men who with us use the Latin tongue call it by 963 2, 10 | Signs are figurative when the things themselves which 964 2, 10 | themselves which we indicate by the proper names are used to 965 2, 10 | understand by that syllable the ox, which is ordinarily 966 2, 10 | understand a preacher of the gospel, as Scripture signifies, 967 2, 10 | signifies, according to the apostle's explanation, when 968 2, 10 | Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the 969 2, 10 | the ox that treadeth out the corn." ~ 970 2, 11 | The great remedy for ignorance 971 2, 11 | languages. And men who speak the Latin tongue, of whom are 972 2, 11 | two other languages for the knowledge of Scripture, 973 2, 11 | they may have recourse to the original texts if the endless 974 2, 11 | to the original texts if the endless diversity of the 975 2, 11 | the endless diversity of the Latin translators throw 976 2, 11 | Hebrew words untranslated in the books, as for example, Amen, 977 2, 11 | Hosanna, and others of the same kind. Some of these, 978 2, 11 | original form on account of the more sacred authority that 979 2, 11 | another tongue, of which the other two I have mentioned 980 2, 11 | cannot be translated into the idiom of another language. 981 2, 11 | this happens chiefly in the case of interjections, which 982 2, 11 | express rather an emotion of the mind than any part of a 983 2, 11 | we have in our mind. And the two given above are said 984 2, 11 | this kind, Racha expressing the cry of an angry man, Hosanna 985 2, 11 | that of a joyful man. But the knowledge of these languages 986 2, 11 | languages is necessary, not for the sake of a few words like 987 2, 11 | been said, on account of the diversities among translators. 988 2, 11 | diversities among translators. For the translations of the Scriptures 989 2, 11 | For the translations of the Scriptures from Hebrew into 990 2, 11 | Greek can be counted, but the Latin translators are out 991 2, 11 | out of all number. For in the early days of the faith 992 2, 11 | For in the early days of the faith every man who happened 993 2, 11 | were it ever so little, of the two languages, ventured 994 2, 11 | languages, ventured upon the work of translation. ~ 995 2, 12 | assist rather than hinder the understanding of Scripture, 996 2, 12 | readers were not careless. For the examination of a number 997 2, 12 | thrown light upon some of the more obscure passages; for 998 2, 12 | example, in that passage of the prophet Isaiah, one translator 999 2, 12 | reads: "And do not despise the domestics of thy seed;" 1000 2, 12 | of these in turn confirms the other. For the one is explained