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| Movement for the international language esperanto Prague Manifesto IntraText - Concordances (Hapax - words occurring once) |
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1 1 | 1. DEMOCRACY~Any system of 2 Intro| Esperanto, which was launched in 1887 as a project for an auxiliary 3 7 | emancipation. ~Prague, July 1996 ~ 4 2 | 2. GLOBAL EDUCATION~All ethnic 5 3 | 3. EFFECTIVE EDUCATION~Only 6 4 | 4. MULTILINGUALISM~The Esperanto 7 5 | 5. LANGUAGE RIGHTS~The unequal 8 6 | 6. LANGUAGE DIVERSITY~National 9 7 | 7. HUMAN EMANCIPATION~Every 10 7 | its users, giving them the ability to communicate among themselves 11 7 | Designed as a universally accessible means of communication, 12 1 | devote years of effort to achieving a lesser degree of competence 13 | across 14 Intro| promotion of Esperanto, address this Manifesto to all governments, 15 Intro| national languages, nor advances in communications technology, 16 | almost 17 | also 18 | always 19 6 | support for all languages amount to a death sentence for 20 | an 21 1 | competence is fundamentally antidemocratic. While Esperanto, like any 22 7 | expression, communication and association. We are a movement for human 23 3 | foreign-language students attain fluency in the target language. 24 3 | In Esperanto, fluency is attainable even through home study. 25 Intro| 1887 as a project for an auxiliary language for international 26 3 | element in courses in language awareness.~ We maintain that the 27 5 | willingness to compromise. This balance of language rights and responsibilities 28 7 | communicate among themselves but barring them from communication 29 | been 30 5 | responsibilities provides a benchmark for developing and judging 31 3 | many students who would benefit from knowing a second language. 32 | between 33 4 | members are universally bilingual or multilingual. Every member 34 6 | every language, like every biological species, is inherently valuable 35 2 | learns about a world without borders, where every country is 36 | both 37 Intro| functioned as a means of bringing people together across the 38 4 | several languages and to broader personal horizons in general. ~ 39 | but 40 | by 41 Intro| objectives set out here; and call on all organizations and 42 4 | communicative level. In many cases this leads to a love and 43 Intro| goals.~ For more than a century Esperanto, which was launched 44 4 | small, should have a real chance of learning a second language 45 7 | to let every individual citizen participate fully in the 46 Intro| declare our unshakeable commitment to the objectives set out 47 7 | giving them the ability to communicate among themselves but barring 48 Intro| languages, nor advances in communications technology, nor the development 49 1 | achieving a lesser degree of competence is fundamentally antidemocratic. 50 5 | a mutual willingness to compromise. This balance of language 51 1 | system of communication which confers lifelong privileges on some 52 5 | language inequality and conflict. ~ We maintain that 53 6 | indispensable source of enrichment. Consequently every language, like every 54 6 | diversity is experienced as a constant and indispensable source 55 3 | also been recommended as a core element in courses in language 56 2 | without borders, where every country is home. ~ We maintain 57 3 | recommended as a core element in courses in language awareness.~ 58 7 | rooted in his or her local cultural and language identity yet 59 2 | languages are bound to certain cultures and nations. For example, 60 6 | all languages amount to a death sentence for the majority 61 Intro| and people of good will; declare our unshakeable commitment 62 1 | effort to achieving a lesser degree of competence is fundamentally 63 1 | 1. DEMOCRACY~Any system of communication 64 1 | level. We are a movement for democratic communication.~ ~ 65 7 | communication with others. Designed as a universally accessible 66 Intro| communication and quickly developed into a rich living language 67 5 | provides a benchmark for developing and judging other solutions 68 1 | while requiring others to devote years of effort to achieving 69 3 | We maintain that the difficulties in learning ethnic languages 70 5 | LANGUAGE RIGHTS~The unequal distribution of power between languages 71 1 | languages as a means of egalitarian communication on a world 72 3 | been recommended as a core element in courses in language awareness.~ 73 2 | example, the child who learns English learns about the culture, 74 2 | political systems of the English-speaking world, primarily the United 75 6 | indispensable source of enrichment. Consequently every language, 76 Intro| principles, which we hold to be essential.~ ~ 77 | even 78 | ever 79 2 | cultures and nations. For example, the child who learns English 80 7 | We maintain that exclusive reliance on national languages 81 6 | however, language diversity is experienced as a constant and indispensable 82 5 | undermine the guarantees, expressed in many international instruments, 83 7 | barriers to the freedoms of expression, communication and association. 84 Intro| is likely to result in a fair and effective language order 85 1 | language, is not perfect, it far outstrips other languages 86 | few 87 Intro| language order based on the following principles, which we hold 88 4 | effort to learn at least one foreign language to a communicative 89 3 | Only a small percentage of foreign-language students attain fluency 90 7 | puts up barriers to the freedoms of expression, communication 91 7 | individual citizen participate fully in the human community, 92 7 | Esperanto is one of the great functional projects for the emancipation 93 Intro| language in its own right, has functioned as a means of bringing people 94 1 | degree of competence is fundamentally antidemocratic. While Esperanto, 95 4 | broader personal horizons in general. ~ We maintain that 96 2 | learns about the culture, geography and political systems of 97 1 | that language inequality gives rise to communicative inequality 98 7 | and imprisons its users, giving them the ability to communicate 99 Intro| us in working for these goals.~ For more than a century 100 Intro| organizations and people of good will; declare our unshakeable 101 5 | languages undermine the guarantees, expressed in many international 102 | her 103 | here 104 4 | learning a second language to a high communicative level. We 105 | his 106 Intro| following principles, which we hold to be essential.~ ~ 107 4 | and to broader personal horizons in general. ~ We maintain 108 | however 109 7 | for the emancipation of humankind -- one which aims to let 110 7 | local cultural and language identity yet not limited by it. ~ 111 Intro| of Esperanto are still as important and relevant as ever. Neither 112 7 | language both liberates and imprisons its users, giving them the 113 1 | inequality at all levels, including the international level. 114 6 | experienced as a constant and indispensable source of enrichment. Consequently 115 7 | which aims to let every individual citizen participate fully 116 Intro| on all organizations and individuals to join us in working for 117 7 | reliance on national languages inevitably puts up barriers to the 118 6 | every biological species, is inherently valuable and worthy of protection 119 5 | recipe for permanent language insecurity, or outright language oppression, 120 Intro| and culture. The aims that inspire the users of Esperanto are 121 5 | expressed in many international instruments, of equal treatment regardless 122 | into 123 Intro| organizations and individuals to join us in working for these 124 5 | benchmark for developing and judging other solutions to language 125 7 | human emancipation. ~Prague, July 1996 ~ 126 2 | United States and the United Kingdom. The child who learns Esperanto 127 3 | students who would benefit from knowing a second language. We are 128 4 | this leads to a love and knowledge of several languages and 129 Intro| century Esperanto, which was launched in 1887 as a project for 130 4 | level. In many cases this leads to a love and knowledge 131 4 | community has made the effort to learn at least one foreign language 132 | least 133 1 | of effort to achieving a lesser degree of competence is 134 | let 135 1 | communicative inequality at all levels, including the international 136 7 | EMANCIPATION~Every language both liberates and imprisons its users, 137 1 | communication which confers lifelong privileges on some while 138 | likely 139 7 | language identity yet not limited by it. ~ We maintain 140 Intro| quickly developed into a rich living language in its own right, 141 7 | securely rooted in his or her local cultural and language identity 142 4 | many cases this leads to a love and knowledge of several 143 | made 144 6 | a death sentence for the majority of languages in the world. 145 5 | official and unofficial meet on equal terms through a 146 4 | bilingual or multilingual. Every member of the community has made 147 Intro| nor the development of new methods of language teaching is 148 | more 149 4 | universally bilingual or multilingual. Every member of the community 150 4 | 4. MULTILINGUALISM~The Esperanto community 151 5 | on equal terms through a mutual willingness to compromise. 152 2 | to certain cultures and nations. For example, the child 153 | Neither 154 Intro| nor the development of new methods of language teaching 155 Intro| unshakeable commitment to the objectives set out here; and call on 156 5 | languages large and small, official and unofficial meet on equal 157 | Only 158 4 | movement for providing that opportunity to all.~ ~ 159 5 | insecurity, or outright language oppression, for a large part of the 160 Intro| fair and effective language order based on the following principles, 161 | our 162 | out 163 5 | language insecurity, or outright language oppression, for 164 1 | is not perfect, it far outstrips other languages as a means 165 | own 166 5 | oppression, for a large part of the world's population. 167 7 | every individual citizen participate fully in the human community, 168 3 | EFFECTIVE EDUCATION~Only a small percentage of foreign-language students 169 1 | like any language, is not perfect, it far outstrips other 170 5 | languages is a recipe for permanent language insecurity, or 171 4 | languages and to broader personal horizons in general. ~ 172 6 | communication and development policies which are not based on respect 173 2 | the culture, geography and political systems of the English-speaking 174 5 | large part of the world's population. In the Esperanto community 175 3 | Esperanto is useful as a preparation for learning other languages. 176 2 | English-speaking world, primarily the United States and the 177 Intro| order based on the following principles, which we hold to be essential.~ ~ 178 1 | communication which confers lifelong privileges on some while requiring 179 Intro| was launched in 1887 as a project for an auxiliary language 180 7 | of the great functional projects for the emancipation of 181 Intro| worldwide movement for the promotion of Esperanto, address this 182 6 | inherently valuable and worthy of protection and support. ~ We maintain 183 5 | rights and responsibilities provides a benchmark for developing 184 4 | level. We are a movement for providing that opportunity to all.~ ~ 185 7 | national languages inevitably puts up barriers to the freedoms 186 Intro| international communication and quickly developed into a rich living 187 4 | and small, should have a real chance of learning a second 188 5 | power between languages is a recipe for permanent language insecurity, 189 3 | languages. It has also been recommended as a core element in courses 190 5 | instruments, of equal treatment regardless of language. We are a movement 191 Intro| are still as important and relevant as ever. Neither the worldwide 192 7 | maintain that exclusive reliance on national languages inevitably 193 1 | privileges on some while requiring others to devote years of 194 6 | policies which are not based on respect and support for all languages 195 5 | balance of language rights and responsibilities provides a benchmark for 196 Intro| language teaching is likely to result in a fair and effective 197 Intro| quickly developed into a rich living language in its own 198 Intro| living language in its own right, has functioned as a means 199 1 | language inequality gives rise to communicative inequality 200 7 | human community, securely rooted in his or her local cultural 201 | s 202 1 | communication on a world scale.~ We maintain that language 203 7 | in the human community, securely rooted in his or her local 204 6 | languages amount to a death sentence for the majority of languages 205 Intro| commitment to the objectives set out here; and call on all 206 | several 207 | should 208 3 | study. Various studies have shown that Esperanto is useful 209 5 | developing and judging other solutions to language inequality and 210 | some 211 6 | constant and indispensable source of enrichment. Consequently 212 6 | language, like every biological species, is inherently valuable 213 2 | world, primarily the United States and the United Kingdom. 214 | still 215 3 | through home study. Various studies have shown that Esperanto 216 3 | attainable even through home study. Various studies have shown 217 1 | 1. DEMOCRACY~Any system of communication which confers 218 2 | geography and political systems of the English-speaking 219 3 | students attain fluency in the target language. In Esperanto, 220 Intro| new methods of language teaching is likely to result in a 221 Intro| advances in communications technology, nor the development of 222 6 | DIVERSITY~National governments tend to treat the great diversity 223 5 | unofficial meet on equal terms through a mutual willingness 224 | than 225 | themselves 226 | these 227 | together 228 6 | National governments tend to treat the great diversity of languages 229 5 | international instruments, of equal treatment regardless of language. 230 5 | in power among languages undermine the guarantees, expressed 231 5 | 5. LANGUAGE RIGHTS~The unequal distribution of power between 232 4 | Esperanto community is almost unique as a worldwide community 233 5 | and small, official and unofficial meet on equal terms through 234 Intro| of good will; declare our unshakeable commitment to the objectives 235 | up 236 | us 237 Intro| ever. Neither the worldwide use of a few national languages, 238 3 | shown that Esperanto is useful as a preparation for learning 239 6 | biological species, is inherently valuable and worthy of protection 240 5 | We maintain that the wide variations in power among languages 241 3 | even through home study. Various studies have shown that 242 2 | language is bound to a certain view of the world. We are a movement 243 | was 244 | where 245 | whose 246 5 | We maintain that the wide variations in power among 247 5 | equal terms through a mutual willingness to compromise. This balance 248 | with 249 | without 250 Intro| individuals to join us in working for these goals.~ For 251 6 | inherently valuable and worthy of protection and support. ~ 252 | would 253 1 | requiring others to devote years of effort to achieving a 254 | yet