Chap., §
1 Bles | apostolic Blessing~THROUGH WORK man must earn his daily
2 Bles | to the same family. And work means any activity by man,
3 Bles | and must be recognized as work, in the midst of all the
4 Bles | therefore he is called to work. Work is one of the characteristics
5 Bles | therefore he is called to work. Work is one of the characteristics
6 Bles | their lives cannot be called work. Only man is capable of
7 Bles | Only man is capable of work, and only man works, at
8 Bles | works, at the same time by work occupying his existence
9 Bles | existence on earth. Thus work bears a particular mark
10 1, 1 | 1. Human Work on the Ninetieth Anniversary
11 1, 1 | devote this document to human work and, even more, to man in
12 1, 1 | context of the reality of work. As I said in the Encyclical
13 1, 1 | human existence on earth.~Work is one of these aspects,
14 1, 1 | built up every day from work, from work it derives its
15 1, 1 | every day from work, from work it derives its specific
16 1, 1 | dignity, but at the same time work contains the unceasing measure
17 1, 1 | the bread produced by the work of his hands5 - and this
18 1, 1 | relationship with the reality of work, disturb the life of individual
19 1, 1 | will influence the world of work and production no less than
20 1, 1 | and of the distribution of work. Unfortunately, for millions
21 1, 1 | and rights of those who work, to condemn situations in
22 1, 2 | It is certainly true that work, as a human issue, is at
23 1, 2 | The present reflections on work are not intended to follow
24 1, 2 | what is old"7. Certainly, work is part of "what is old"-
25 1, 2 | the new meanings of human work. It likewise calls for the
26 1, 3 | 3. The Question of Work, the Key to the Social Question ~
27 1, 3 | the question of human work naturally appears many times.
28 1, 3 | study of the question of work, as we have seen, has continually
29 1, 3 | before - the fact that human work is a key, probably the essential
30 1, 3 | then the key, namely human work, acquires fundamental and
31 2 | II. WORK AND MAN~
32 2, 4 | Church is convinced that work is a fundamental dimension
33 2, 4 | source of her conviction that work is a fundamental dimension
34 2, 4 | directly and explicitly to work, beyond any doubt they indirectly
35 2, 4 | Creator of the universe.~Work understood as a "transitive"
36 2, 4 | texts. As man, through his work, becomes more and more the
37 2, 4 | world, again through his work, he nevertheless remains
38 2, 4 | subdues the earth" through his work.~
39 2, 5 | 5. Work in the Objective Sense:
40 2, 5 | throw light upon human work, because man's dominion
41 2, 5 | achieved in and by means of work. There thus emerges the
42 2, 5 | thus emerges the meaning of work in an objective sense, which
43 2, 5 | constitutes through human work a primary field of economic
44 2, 5 | chemical resources - with man's work, whether physical or intellectual.
45 2, 5 | industry and agriculture man's work has today in many cases
46 2, 5 | ways the question of human work. Both the original industrialization
47 2, 5 | of ever more mechanized "work", the proper subject of
48 2, 5 | the proper subject of work continues to be man.~The
49 2, 5 | technology, that ally of work that human thought has produced,
50 2, 5 | the subject and object of work (in the widest sense of
51 2, 5 | capacity or aptitude for work, but rather as a whole set
52 2, 5 | instruments which man uses in his work, technology is undoubtedly
53 2, 5 | ally. It facilitates his work, perfects, accelerates and
54 2, 5 | quantity of things produced by work, and in many cases improves
55 2, 5 | when the mechanization of work "supplants" him, taking
56 2, 5 | which is the fruit of the work of the human intellect and
57 2, 5 | questions concerning human work in relationship to its subject,
58 2, 6 | 6. Work in the Subjective Sense:
59 2, 6 | Sense: Man as the Subject of Work~In order to continue our
60 2, 6 | continue our analysis of work, an analysis linked with
61 2, 6 | concentrate our attention on work in the subjective sense,
62 2, 6 | specializations, to those who work. If the words of the Book
63 2, 6 | analysis of ours speak of work in the objective sense in
64 2, 6 | indirectly of the subject of work; but what they say is very
65 2, 6 | therefore the subject ot work. As a person he works, he
66 2, 6 | actions belonging to the work process; independently of
67 2, 6 | the objective dimension of work but at the same time introduces
68 2, 6 | human race subdue the earth, work corresponds to this basic
69 2, 6 | the very ethical nature of work. In fact there is no doubt
70 2, 6 | there is no doubt that human work has an ethical value of
71 2, 6 | Christian teaching on human work, has had and continues to
72 2, 6 | according to the type of work done. Work which demanded
73 2, 6 | to the type of work done. Work which demanded from the
74 2, 6 | of physical strength, the work of muscles and hands, was
75 2, 6 | life on earth to manual work at the carpenter's bench.
76 2, 6 | most eloquent "Gospel of work", showing that the basis
77 2, 6 | determining the value of human work is not primarily the kind
78 2, 6 | not primarily the kind of work being done but the fact
79 2, 6 | sources of the dignity of work are to be sought primarily
80 2, 6 | according to the kind of work done. This does not mean
81 2, 6 | objective point of view, human work cannot and must not be rated
82 2, 6 | primary basis of tbe value of work is man himself, who is its
83 2, 6 | that man is destined for work and called to it, in the
84 2, 6 | to it, in the first place work is "for man" and not man "
85 2, 6 | for man" and not man "for work". Through this conclusion
86 2, 6 | the subjective meaning of work over the objective one.
87 2, 6 | that different sorts of work that people do can have
88 2, 6 | dignity of the subject of work, that is to say the person,
89 2, 6 | hand: independently of the work that every man does, and
90 2, 6 | and presupposing that this work constitutes a purpose -
91 2, 6 | who is the purpose of the work, whatever work it is that
92 2, 6 | purpose of the work, whatever work it is that is done by man -
93 2, 6 | even the most alienating work.~
94 2, 7 | fundamental affirmations about work that always emerged from
95 2, 7 | message of the "Gospel of work", thus creating the basis
96 2, 7 | the Christian truth about work had to oppose the various
97 2, 7 | supporters of such ideas, work was understood and treated
98 2, 7 | This way of looking at work was widespread especially
99 2, 7 | human ways of thinking about work and evaluating it. The interaction
100 2, 7 | the danger of treating work as a special kind of "merchandise",
101 2, 7 | the objective dimension of work, while the subjective dimension -
102 2, 7 | relationship with the subject of work - remains on a secondary
103 2, 7 | alone, independently of the work he does - ought to be treated
104 2, 7 | the effective subject of work and its true maker and creator.
105 2, 7 | production structure that work is - it should be recognized
106 2, 7 | the true dignity of his work - that is to say, where
107 2, 7 | why the analysis of human work in the light of the words
108 2, 8 | When dealing with human work in the fundamental dimension
109 2, 8 | the human person doing the work, one must make at least
110 2, 8 | subjective dimension of work. Although the subject of
111 2, 8 | Although the subject of work is always the same, that
112 2, 8 | by reason of its subject, work is one single thing (one
113 2, 8 | many different sorts of work. The development of human
114 2, 8 | not only do new forms of work appear but also others disappear.
115 2, 8 | monotonous and depersonalized work in industrial plants, when
116 2, 8 | of man as the subject of work, and against the unheard -
117 2, 8 | on the grounds that human work is solely an instrument
118 2, 8 | influence over conditions of work and pay, and also over social
119 2, 8 | solidarity in the sphere of work - a solidarity that must
120 2, 8 | there is less demand for work which requires education,
121 2, 8 | study of the subject of work and of the subject's living
122 2, 8 | degrading of the subject of work, by exploitation of the
123 2, 8 | of the dignity of human work: either because the opportunities
124 2, 8 | opportunities for human work are limited as a result
125 2, 8 | because a low value is put on work and the rights that flow
126 2, 9 | 9. Work and Personal Dignity ~Remaining
127 2, 9 | of man as the subject of work, it is now appropriate to
128 2, 9 | define the dignity of human work, in that they make it possible
129 2, 9 | will of the Creator that work should enable man to achieve
130 2, 9 | onwards has accompanied human work; but they do not alter the
131 2, 9 | not alter the fact that work is the means whereby man
132 2, 9 | to those doing physical work under sometimes exceptionally
133 2, 9 | but also to those who work in mines and quarries, to
134 2, 9 | furnaces, to those who work in builders' yards and in
135 2, 9 | yards and in construction work, often in danger of injury
136 2, 9 | to all workers and, since work is a universal calling,
137 2, 9 | a sense, because of it - work is a good thing for man.
138 2, 9 | clearly the ethical meaning of work, it is this truth that one
139 2, 9 | particularly keep in mind. Work is a good thing for man -
140 2, 9 | humanity - because through work man not only transforms
141 2, 9 | justifiable anxiety that in work, whereby matter gains in
142 2, 9 | that it is possible to use work in various ways against
143 2, 9 | concentration camps, that work can be made into a means
144 2, 9 | with the social order of work, which will enable man to
145 2, 9 | enable man to become, in work, "more a human being" and
146 2, 10 | 10. Work and Society: Family and
147 2, 10 | personal dimension of human work, we must go on to the second
148 2, 10 | is necessarily linked to work. Work constitutes a foundation
149 2, 10 | necessarily linked to work. Work constitutes a foundation
150 2, 10 | of values - one linked to work and the other consequent
151 2, 10 | permeate each other. In a way, work is a condition for making
152 2, 10 | man normally gains through work. Work and industriousness
153 2, 10 | normally gains through work. Work and industriousness also
154 2, 10 | through, among other things, work, and becoming a human being
155 2, 10 | Obviously, two aspects of work in a sense come into play
156 2, 10 | Nevertheless, these two aspects of work are linked to one another
157 2, 10 | and ethical order of human work. The teaching of the Church
158 2, 10 | community made possible by work and the first school of
159 2, 10 | and the first school of work, within the home, for every
160 2, 10 | that of the subject of work - concerns the great society
161 2, 10 | social incarnation of the work of all generations. All
162 2, 10 | nation, and intends his work also to increase the common
163 2, 10 | realizing that in this way work serves to add to the heritage
164 2, 10 | always important for human work in its subjective dimension.
165 2, 10 | the earth", that is to say work, is marked in the course
166 2, 10 | the objective dimension of work does not gain the upper
167 3, 11 | of the basic problems of work outlined above draws inspiration
168 3, 11 | relevance. In this analysis, work is seen as a great reality
169 3, 11 | with man as the subject of work and with man's rational
170 3, 11 | accompanied by toil and effort, work is still something good,
171 3, 11 | develops through love for work. This entirely positive
172 3, 11 | meritorious character of man's work must be the basis for the
173 3, 11 | international declarations on work and the many labour codes
174 3, 11 | activity to the problems of work. One organization fostering
175 3, 11 | means yet over, the issue of work has of course been posed
176 3, 11 | lowest possible wages for the work done by the employees. In
177 3, 11 | with the lack of safety at work and of safeguards regarding
178 3, 11 | fundamental issue of human work, which is the main subject
179 3, 12 | means produced by human work play a primary role in it.
180 3, 12 | can serve man only through work. From the beginning there
181 3, 12 | there is also linked with work the question of ownership,
182 3, 12 | himself and others is his work. And to be able through
183 3, 12 | And to be able through his work to make these resources
184 3, 12 | takes them over through work and for work. ~The same
185 3, 12 | over through work and for work. ~The same principle applies
186 3, 12 | capability to use them in work), presupposes these riches
187 3, 12 | of the development of his work man comes up against the
188 3, 12 | At the beginning of man's work is the mystery of creation.
189 3, 12 | that is at the service of work, everything that in the
190 3, 12 | instrument", is the result of work. ~This gigantic and powerful
191 3, 12 | capital" - is the result of work and bears the signs of human
192 3, 12 | man, who is the subjectof work, wishes to make use of this
193 3, 12 | cognitively the result of the work of the people who invented
194 3, 12 | continue to do so. Capacity for work - that is to say, for sharing
195 3, 12 | is only doing the kind of work for which no special training
196 3, 12 | Man, as the subject of work, and independently of the
197 3, 12 | and independently of the work that he does - man alone
198 3, 13 | easily see that through his work he enters into two inheritances:
199 3, 13 | perfect instruments for work. In working, man also "enters
200 3, 13 | dependence is discovered in the work process, it is dependence
201 3, 13 | human beings, those to whose work and initiative we owe the
202 3, 13 | possibilities of our own work. All that we can say of
203 3, 13 | that it conditions man's work; we cannot assert that it
204 3, 13 | subject" putting man and man's work into a position of dependence. ~
205 3, 13 | fundamental issue of human work, in particular for the separation
206 3, 13 | for thinking about human work, in order that the primacy
207 3, 13 | foremost the subject of work and the efficient cause
208 3, 14 | 14. Work and Ownership ~The historical
209 3, 14 | side are those who do the work without being the owners
210 3, 14 | acquired first of all through work in order that it may serve
211 3, 14 | order that it may serve work. This concerns in a special
212 3, 14 | document, which has human work as its main theme, it is
213 3, 14 | to ensure the priority of work and, thereby, man's character
214 3, 14 | principle of respect for work demands that this right
215 3, 14 | time the product of the work of generations, it is equally
216 3, 14 | unceasingly created through the work done with the help of all
217 3, 14 | with different kinds of work, not only so-called manual
218 3, 14 | many forms of intellectual work, including white-collar
219 3, 14 | including white-collar work and management. ~In the
220 3, 14 | ownership of the means of work, sharing by the workers
221 3, 14 | those linked with man's work, it must be stated that,
222 3, 14 | when on the basis of his work each person is fully entitled
223 3, 15 | wishes the fruit of this work to be used by himself and
224 3, 15 | to take part in the very work process as a sharer in responsibility
225 3, 15 | corresponding to the obligation of work. They will be discussed
226 3, 15 | due remuneration for his work; he also wishes that, within
227 3, 15 | able to know that in his work, even on something that
228 3, 15 | rather than a true subject of work with an initiative of his
229 3, 15 | deep convinction that man's work concerns not only the economy
230 4, 16 | Context of Human Rights ~While work, in all its many senses,
231 4, 16 | human rights that flow from work are part of the broader
232 4, 16 | specific nature of human work as outlined above. It is
233 4, 16 | that we must view them. Work is, as has been said, an
234 4, 16 | meanings of the word. Man must work, both because the Creator
235 4, 16 | humanity, which requires work in order to be maintained
236 4, 16 | and developed. Man must work out of regard for others,
237 4, 16 | since he is the heir to the work of generations and at the
238 4, 16 | the moral obligation of work, understood in its wide
239 4, 16 | every person with regard to work, we must always keep before
240 4, 16 | speak of the obligation of work and of the rights of the
241 4, 16 | worker enters directly into a work contract in accordance with
242 4, 16 | the shaping both of the work contract and, consequently,
243 4, 17 | concrete terms the actual work contract and labour relations.
244 4, 18 | the question of finding work, or, in other words, the
245 4, 18 | that is to say the lack of work for those who are capable
246 4, 18 | unemployment in certain sectors of work. The role of the agents
247 4, 18 | preparation fail to find work, and see their sincere wish
248 4, 18 | see their sincere wish to work and their readiness to take
249 4, 18 | to the different kinds of work by which not only the economic
250 4, 18 | attention to organizing that work in a correct and rational
251 4, 18 | individuals, free groups and local work centres and complexes must
252 4, 18 | be the criterion of human work considered as a fundamental
253 4, 18 | right of all human beings, work which gives similar rights
254 4, 18 | rights to all those who work, in such a way that the
255 4, 18 | continual reappraisal of man's work, both in the aspect of its
256 4, 18 | dignity of the subject of all work, that is to say, man. The
257 4, 18 | recognition of the purpose of work and increasingly universal
258 4, 18 | for the rights inherent in work in conformity with the dignity
259 4, 18 | dignity of man, the subject of work. ~Rational planning and
260 4, 18 | different kinds of employment: work on the land, in industry,
261 4, 18 | various services, white-collar work and scientific or artistic
262 4, 18 | and scientific or artistic work, in accordance with the
263 4, 18 | differentiated world of work. ~As we view the whole human
264 4, 18 | with the organization of work and employment, precisely
265 4, 19 | rights of man in view of his work, it is worthwhile taking
266 4, 19 | of just remuneration for work done. In the context of
267 4, 19 | constituted by remuneration for work. Whether the work is done
268 4, 19 | remuneration for work. Whether the work is done in a system of private
269 4, 19 | through just remuneration for work done. ~It should also be
270 4, 19 | by the way in which man's work is properly remunerated
271 4, 19 | to say remuneration for work, are still a practical means
272 4, 19 | as remuneration for his work. Hence, in every case, a
273 4, 19 | Just remuneration for the work of an adult who is responsible
274 4, 19 | head of the family for his work, sufficient for the needs
275 4, 19 | in order to take up paid work outside the home is wrong
276 4, 19 | in many societies women work in nearly every sector of
277 4, 19 | the case of accidents at work, demand that medical assistance
278 4, 19 | in case of accidents at work. Within the sphere of these
279 4, 19 | together with remuneration for work, determine the correct relationship
280 4, 20 | time however each type of work, each profession, has its
281 4, 20 | thus on the basis of their work. However, unions differ
282 4, 20 | It is characteristic of work that it first and foremost
283 4, 20 | analysis, both those who work and those who manage the
284 4, 20 | fundamental structure of all work - in the light of the fact
285 4, 20 | if it is because of their work needs that people unite
286 4, 20 | subjective character of work in each profession, but
287 4, 20 | dignity of the subject of the work. The activity of union organizations
288 4, 20 | selfeducation. Praise is due to the work of the schools, what are
289 4, 20 | hoped that, thanks to the work of their unions, workers
290 4, 20 | members is the strike or work stoppage, as a kind of ultimatum
291 4, 20 | properly understood nature of work itself. ~
292 4, 21 | Dignity of Agricultural Work ~All that has been said
293 4, 21 | thus far on the dignity of work, on the objective and subjective
294 4, 21 | subjective dimension of human work, can be directly applied
295 4, 21 | question of agricultural work and to the situation of
296 4, 21 | This is a vast sector of work on our planet, a sector
297 4, 21 | population and of agricultural work vary from place to place,
298 4, 21 | regarding the social ethics of work. ~Agricultural work involves
299 4, 21 | ethics of work. ~Agricultural work involves considerable difficulties,
300 4, 21 | Long days of hard physical work are paid miserably. Land
301 4, 21 | advanced level, the right to work can be infringed when the
302 4, 21 | and promote the dignity of work, of all work but especially
303 4, 21 | dignity of work, of all work but especially of agricultural
304 4, 21 | especially of agricultural work, in which man so eloquently "
305 4, 22 | The Disabled Person and Work ~Recently, national communities
306 4, 22 | question connected with work, one full of implications:
307 4, 22 | community, and thus admit to work, only those who are fully
308 4, 22 | against the weak and sick. Work in the objective sense should
309 4, 22 | of man, to the subject of work and not to economic advantage. ~
310 4, 22 | professional training and work, so that they can be given
311 4, 22 | disabled people may be offered work according to their capabilities,
312 4, 22 | persons and as subjects of work. Each community will be
313 4, 22 | are full-scale subjects of work, useful, respected for their
314 4, 23 | 23. Work and the Emigration Question ~
315 4, 23 | emigration in search of work. This is an age-old phenomenon
316 4, 23 | the loss of a subject of work, whose efforts of mind and
317 4, 23 | Emigration in search of work must in no way become an
318 4, 23 | exploitation. As regards the work relationship, the same criteria
319 4, 23 | concerned. The value of work should be measured by the
320 4, 23 | the fundamental value of work, which is bound up with
321 4, 23 | the profound meaning of work itself require that capital
322 5 | ELEMENTS FOR A SPIRITUALITY OF WORK~
323 5, 24 | reflections about human work, on the occasion of the
324 5, 24 | to the spirituality of work in the Christian sense.
325 5, 24 | the Christian sense. Since work in its subjective aspect
326 5, 24 | is manual or intellectual work. It is also to the whole
327 5, 24 | points which concern human work and which throw particular
328 5, 24 | through these points the work of the individual human
329 5, 24 | God and by means of which work enters into the salvation
330 5, 24 | her duty to speak out on work from the viewpoint of its
331 5, 24 | to form a spirituality of work which will help all people
332 5, 24 | to come closer, through work, to God, the Creator and
333 5, 25 | 25. Work as a Sharing in the Activity
334 5, 25 | image of God, shares by his work in the activity of the Creator
335 5, 25 | presented in the form of "work" done by God during "six
336 5, 25 | done through his creative "work" when it proclaims: "Great
337 5, 25 | sense the first "gospel of work". For it shows what the
338 5, 25 | shows what the dignity of work consists of: it teaches
339 5, 25 | activity under the form of work and rest. This activity
340 5, 25 | house"34. Therefore man's work too not only requires a
341 5, 25 | Awareness that man's work is a participation in God'
342 5, 25 | unfolding the Creator's work, consulting the advantages
343 5, 25 | Christian spirituality of work should be a heritage shared
344 5, 25 | age, the spirituality of work should show the maturity
345 5, 25 | knowledge that by means of work man shares in the work of
346 5, 25 | of work man shares in the work of creation constitutes
347 5, 25 | grace of Christ, let them work vigorously so that by human
348 5, 26 | 26. Christ , the Man of Work ~The truth that by means
349 5, 26 | The truth that by means of work man participates in the
350 5, 26 | was also "the gospel of work", because he who proclaimed
351 5, 26 | it was himself a man of work, a craftsman like Joseph
352 5, 26 | words a special command to work - but rather on one occasion
353 5, 26 | against too much anxiety about work and life42 - at the same
354 5, 26 | appreciation and respect for human work. It can indeed be said that
355 5, 26 | looks with love upon human work and the different forms
356 5, 26 | fundamental truth about work which is already expressed
357 5, 26 | many references to human work and to the individual professions
358 5, 26 | words of praise for the work of women are well known56.
359 5, 26 | constantly refers to human work: that of the shepherd57,
360 5, 26 | various form of women's work67. He compares the apostolate
361 5, 26 | apostolate to the manual work of harvesters68 or fishermen69.
362 5, 26 | fishermen69. He refers to the work of scholars too70. ~This
363 5, 26 | This teaching of Christ on work, based on the example of
364 5, 26 | tent-maker)71, and thanks to that work he was able even as an Apostle
365 5, 26 | command, on the subject of work: "Now such persons we command
366 5, 26 | Jesus Christ to do their work in quietness and to earn
367 5, 26 | idleness ... not doing any work"75, the Apostle does not
368 5, 26 | context: "If any one will not work, let him not eat"76. In
369 5, 26 | readers: "Whatever your task, work heartly, as serving the
370 5, 26 | and spirituality of human work. They are an important complement
371 5, 26 | though discreet gospel of work that we find in the life
372 5, 26 | vision of the values of human work, or in other words such
373 5, 26 | words such a spirituality of work, fully explains what we
374 5, 26 | tested spirituality of human work; and it is only on the basis
375 5, 26 | roots in "the gospel of work". ~
376 5, 27 | 27. Human Work in the Light of the Cross
377 5, 27 | another aspect of human work, an essential dimension
378 5, 27 | based on the Gospel. All work, whether manual or intellectual,
379 5, 27 | the original blessing of work contained in the very mystery
380 5, 27 | This toil connected with work marks the way of human life
381 5, 27 | the spirituality of human work. The Paschal Mystery contains
382 5, 27 | Sweat and toil, which work necessarily involves the
383 5, 27 | sharing lovingly in the work that Christ came to do85.
384 5, 27 | Christ came to do85. This work of salvation came about
385 5, 27 | By enduring the toil of work in union with Christ crucified
386 5, 27 | earth, Christ is nòw at work in people's hearts through
387 5, 27 | Christian finds in human work a small part of the Cross
388 5, 27 | accepted his Cross for us. In work, thanks to the light that
389 5, 27 | the toil that goes with work. Through toil - and never
390 5, 27 | the spirituality of human work; on the other hand the Cross
391 5, 27 | new good springing from work itself, from work understood
392 5, 27 | springing from work itself, from work understood in depth and
393 5, 27 | aspects and never apart from work. ~Is this new good - the
394 5, 27 | good - the fruit of human work - already a small part of
395 5, 27 | toil that go with man's work are a small part of the
396 5, 27 | reflections devoted to human work we have tried to emphasize
397 5, 27 | the living God, uniting work with prayer, know the place
398 5, 27 | know the place that his work has not only in earthly
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