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502 3 | protected. The last certain reference to them is at the end of
503 3 | monastic vows). These women are referred to as "Dasa-Sil-Maniyo," (
504 1 | did not have the right to refuse the sexual advances of their
505 2 | Buddha. The Buddha at first refuses to ordain the women, although
506 3 | financially secure and have regular religious instruction. However,
507 1 | and to dance. They were relatively independent, and could earn
508 2 | the story of the Buddha's reluctance is possibly correct. The
509 3 | practice, these women are renegades, scarcely similar enough
510 2 | resist the temptation to renounce the monastic life, it also
511 3 | appeared in Sri Lanka who had renounced the lay life and vowed to
512 2 | Some young women chose the renunciate's life as preferable to
513 2 | Thus, the daily life of the renunciates required interaction with
514 2 | competent to gain."3 ~" Soma replied:What should the women's
515 3 | According to one recent report, ~ ~"The majority have
516 2 | the story is an accurate representation of what actually happened.
517 2 | effect of helping the monks resist the temptation to renounce
518 3 | themselves and often have to resort to taking paid jobs just
519 3 | suspect that these women, revolutionary as they are, probably point
520 1 | Runner' named, With Wheels of Righteous Effort fitted well. Conscience
521 1 | Straight' is the name that Road is called, and 'Free From
522 1 | they easily fell victim to robbers and murderers. ~Many women
523 2 | firmly set, When knowledge rolleth ever on, when she by insight
524 3 | must sit in the back of the room during religious instruction,
525 1 | and Right Views, they that run before. And be it woman,
526 1 | Thy Chariot is the 'Silent Runner' named, With Wheels of Righteous
527 3 | shave their heads and wear saffron colored robes, just as the
528 2 | That vantage point the sages may attain Is hard to win.
529 1 | closest disciple) the Buddha said that women are capable of
530 2 | work for liberation from samsara. Once they, themselves,
531 1(2)| Samyutta Nikaya; I.5.6, quoted in
532 2 | Mahinda sent for his sister, Sanghamitta, who was a bhikkhuni in
533 2 | teaching would survive by saying that the Buddha felt that
534 1 | were men. As Janice Willis says, ~"They were helpmates
535 1 | viewed as being inferior, second class citizens." 1~Women
536 2 | the early vitality of the sect. Many women who were converted
537 3 | traditional Buddhist language and secular American language, between
538 3 | usually more financially secure and have regular religious
539 2 | them with some measure of security. Courtesans who were disgusted
540 2 | not inherently real. If we see something that looks real,
541 2 | enlightenment. The Buddha may have seen this as the best way to
542 2 | Buddha's teachings made sense to them, and aroused in
543 2 | ordain a bhikkhuni. Mahinda sent for his sister, Sanghamitta,
544 2 | were not anyone's slave or servant. For the most part, they
545 2 | traditionally prepared and served food. Thus, the daily life
546 1 | and spent their lives in service to others. ~This, then,
547 2 | consciousness is taut and firmly set, When knowledge rolleth
548 1 | understand the historical setting. Therefore, I thought I
549 2 | found that during the first seven or eight centuries of Buddhism
550 3 | form until at least the seventh century. There is similarly
551 2 | disgusted with their lives of sex left to become bhikkhunis.
552 3 | are acutely aware of the sexism and try to ignore it so
553 3 | scarcely seem to notice the sexist social structure within
554 1 | the right to refuse the sexual advances of their masters.
555 | shall
556 2 | Pali canon. These snippets show the female arhats' delight
557 2 | should the women's nature signify When consciousness is taut
558 1 | bound. Thy Chariot is the 'Silent Runner' named, With Wheels
559 2 | their determination and sincerity, and pleads their case with
560 2 | down, laughing, talking or singing, weeping, stricken, or dying,
561 2 | bhikkhuni. Mahinda sent for his sister, Sanghamitta, who was a
562 3 | let monks eat first, must sit in the back of the room
563 2 | a man; whether standing, sitting or lying down, laughing,
564 1 | to understand the current situation, it is necessary to understand
565 1 | lower-class servants or slaves. These women had to follow
566 1 | traditional Buddhism which need slight adaptation in order to be
567 1 | throughout its history, slowly moved east, from India through
568 2 | in the Pali canon. These snippets show the female arhats'
569 1 | from highly educated and socially liberal backgrounds, which
570 2 | made in order to increase societal acceptance of the monastic
571 2 | Buddhism more in line with societally accepted norms. In other
572 | Somehow
573 | something
574 | sometimes
575 3 | women and men are given somewhat different paths. ~A number
576 2 | Therigatha -- the enlightenment songs of the early bhikkhunis.
577 2 | thought his teaching would end sooner if women were ordained because
578 2 | bhikkhunis. Women joined for all sorts of reasons. Many women joined
579 2 | attribute. ~The greatest source of women's voices in the
580 3 | conquered by the Colas of southern India. The Colas destroyed
581 2 | were often accomplished speakers who led many other women
582 2 | snare of Mara," verily, speaking rightly, one may say of
583 2 | physical needs. They were specifically forbidden to do household
584 3 | the bhikkhunis did. They spend much of their time teaching
585 3 | maintained much of their original spiritual autonomy and freedom to
586 3 | A number of women have split off from the traditional
587 3 | encourage institutional stability. The Buddha only preached
588 2 | heart of a man; whether standing, sitting or lying down,
589 1 | Therefore, I thought I would start by examining the role of
590 3 | little other choice but to starve. They often have difficulty
591 1 | women. However, in these statements, he seems to feel that any
592 2 | Buddha is entreated by his step-mother to ordain an order of nuns.
593 | still
594 3 | ordination of bhikkhunis stopped. Since that time, there
595 2 | changes to creep into the stories. ~Other modern commentators
596 1 | the Buddhist path: ~ ~" 'Straight' is the name that Road is
597 3 | dissolving of boundaries strikes me as being quite true to
598 3 | laity do not feel they have strong religious reason to help
599 3 | notice the sexist social structure within which they practice.
600 1 | accepted within the complex structures of Western society. One
601 2 | and so forth. Historical studies have found that during the
602 2 | rules call for gestures of submission on the part of the bhikkhunis,
603 2 | rules about the bhikkhunis' subordinance to the bhikkhus especially
604 3 | proper dwellings, no means of subsistence, no provision for obtaining
605 3 | I do not know how much success this effort has had. ~There
606 2 | enlightenment of every person, suddenly so hesitant and gloomy when
607 1 | masters that they committed suicide. ~In all their roles, women
608 1 | Buddhism has changed to suit the culture of the people.
609 1 | develop into a clear new form, suitable for Western culture. There
610 1 | given the choice of several suitors. The literature also mentions
611 2 | acknowledged to be equal with or superior to most men. Monastic Buddhism
612 2 | monastics were completely supported by the lay people. Therefore,
613 2 | credence by the circumstances surrounding many monks' entrance to
614 3 | bhikkhus, but there were no surviving orders of Theravada nuns. (
615 3 | the identification. ~Yet I suspect that these women, revolutionary
616 2 | Buddha's door crying, with swollen feet. Ananda is moved by
617 2 | that society simply wouldn't accept a teaching which
618 2 | them. Traditionally, it takes ten bhikkhus to ordain a
619 | taking
620 2 | or lying down, laughing, talking or singing, weeping, stricken,
621 2 | provided a temptation and a target for lust. In defense against
622 2 | contemporary of the Buddha, was taunted thus: ~ ~"That vantage
623 2 | signify When consciousness is taut and firmly set, When knowledge
624 3 | Other monastic women live in temples or meditation centers. These
625 2 | tendency to present women as temptresses did have the positive effect
626 2 | against their own lustful tendencies, the bhikkhus developed
627 2 | husbands back. Although this tendency to present women as temptresses
628 1 | causes a certain amount of tension. ~As a female Western Buddhist,
629 3 | them is at the end of the tenth century. By then the order
630 1 | India through China, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea, Japan.
631 3(8)| Cleophas Thamel, "The Religious Woman in
632 3 | cities, where they could (theoretically) be protected. The last
633 3 | scarcely similar enough to most Theravadans to be worthy of the identification. ~
634 2 | free from the three crooked things: mortar, pestle, and my
635 | those
636 | thou
637 | though
638 2 | free I am free from the three crooked things: mortar,
639 2 | but the order was clearly thriving.7 ~In the same century,
640 | throughout
641 1 | wife, he could beat her or throw her out of the house. Divorce
642 | Thy
643 1 | women in early Buddhism, and trace the historical role of women
644 3 | pieces of the Theravada tradition will be preserved. At least,
645 3 | after receiving extensive training in Theravada Buddhist meditation,
646 2 | nature," we simply need to transcend this illusory attribute. ~
647 2 | Mahinda and some other monks travelled from India to Sri Lanka
648 2 | status in society, they often tried to woo their husbands back.
649 2 | was as valuable to reach twice as many people (both men
650 2 | Is hard to win. With her two-fingered consciousness, That place
651 3 | have high hopes for the ultimate outcome of the peculiar
652 3 | attempt to rectify this unfortunate state of affairs. I do not
653 1 | between men and women are unimportant in the pursuit liberation. ~ ~
654 | unlikely
655 1 | However, their lives were unsafe. As they had no one protecting
656 2(3)| Past and Present, edited by Ursula King, (New York: Paragon
657 | us
658 | used
659 | using
660 1 | It is recorded that in Vaisali, there was a law forbidding
661 3 | however, is not accepted as valid by most Sri Lankans. This
662 2 | Pali canon does not always validate the efforts of women to
663 2 | the same way men could was validated by the enlightenment of
664 2 | Buddha felt that it was as valuable to reach twice as many people (
665 2 | taunted thus: ~ ~"That vantage point the sages may attain
666 2 | wholly a snare of Mara," verily, speaking rightly, one may
667 2 | heads, and walk barefoot to Vesali, where the Buddha had gone.
668 2 | in the Anguttara-Nikaya (vi, 5, III, 56), monks are
669 1 | protecting them, they easily fell victim to robbers and murderers. ~
670 1 | China, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea, Japan. Most recently,
671 2 | of Mara."6~This point of view was given credence by the
672 1 | worst, but always they were viewed as being inferior, second
673 1 | Dharma, I say, and Right Views, they that run before.
674 2 | had the negative effect of vilifying women. It placed the blame
675 2 | also important in the early vitality of the sect. Many women
676 2 | greatest source of women's voices in the Pali canon is in
677 3 | understand the dharma and vow to follow the monastic rules.
678 3 | renounced the lay life and vowed to keep the ten precepts (
679 3 | most basic of the monastic vows). These women are referred
680 1 | whom Such a chariot doth wait, by that same car into Nirvana'
681 2 | shave their heads, and walk barefoot to Vesali, where
682 3 | monasteries were kept within the walled interiors of major cities,
683 2 | large group of women who want to be nuns dress as nuns,
684 2 | impressed by his wisdom. They wanted to become bhikkhunis, but
685 3 | bhikkhunis were declared wards of the king, and their monasteries
686 2 | 5, III, 56), monks are warned: ~ ~"Monks, a woman, even
687 2 | nuns. He warns her to be wary of the idea. She and a large
688 3 | nirvana only in the limited ways permitted by traditional
689 2 | portion of the material wealth of the monasteries, as well
690 2 | laughing, talking or singing, weeping, stricken, or dying, a woman
691 3 | Sri Lankan bhikkhunis went to China and established
692 3 | lay-nun. ~And what of the West? How is Theravada Buddhism
693 1 | Silent Runner' named, With Wheels of Righteous Effort fitted
694 | whither
695 | Why
696 2 | bhikkhunis when they were widowed, or when their other relatives
697 2 | sages may attain Is hard to win. With her two-fingered consciousness,
698 2 | and were impressed by his wisdom. They wanted to become bhikkhunis,
699 2 | rightly, one may say of womanhood: "It is wholly a snare of
700 2 | society, they often tried to woo their husbands back. Although
701 3 | spent much of their time working as nurses and performing
702 2(3)| Buddhism," in Women in the World's Religions, Past and Present,
703 1 | helpmates at best and burdens at worst, but always they were viewed
704 3 | to most Theravadans to be worthy of the identification. ~
705 2 | thought that society simply wouldn't accept a teaching which
706 2 | The scriptures were not written down until four hundred
707 2 | example, a nun named Mutta wrote: ~ ~"Free I am free I am
708 1 | typical woman spent her youth serving and obeying her
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