| Table of Contents | Words: Alphabetical - Frequency - Inverse - Length - Statistics | Help | IntraText Library |
| Thanissaro Bhikku U.K. Nanayon and Soc. Dyn. of Th. Budd. Pract. IntraText - Concordances (Hapax - words occurring once) |
Text
1 1| twentieth-century Thailand. Born in 1901 to a Chinese merchant family 2 1| often went to practice. In 1945, as life disrupted by World 3 1| recording her talks and, in 1956, a group of them printed 4 1| She passed away quietly in 1978 after entrusting the center 5 1| held until her death in 1993. Now the center is once 6 1| has grown to accommodate 60 members. ~Much has been 7 1| Nikaya, Book of Fours, Sutta 95) -- a teaching that the 8 2| monkhood permanently and abandon the family business. Even 9 2| with the blessings of the abbot, and now has a healthy shelf 10 2| publicly recognized by the abbots and can develop large personal 11 1| well enough that she was able to teach him meditation, 12 2| comes too early, it may abort the movement. If, over time, 13 2| posterity. During the days of absolute monarchy, reforms that followed 14 1| center are all vegetarian and abstain from such stimulants as 15 2| fight to have his/her ideas accepted inevitably loses touch with 16 2| impositions but as opportunities: access to more reliable texts, 17 1| committee and has grown to accommodate 60 members. ~Much has been 18 1| for all of Upasika Kee's accomplishments in her own personal Dhamma 19 2| person proposing it, were in accordance with the Dhamma. ~In addition, 20 1| designer Buddhism. This accounts for the wide differences 21 2| not a proposed course of action, and the person proposing 22 2| counselors. Both of these activities are forbidden by the disciplinary 23 1| teachings, but who prefer to adapt those teachings to their 24 1| both lay and monastic, has adapted itself thoroughly to the 25 1| their own ends rather than adapting themselves to the teachings, 26 2| accordance with the Dhamma. ~In addition, there have been striking 27 2| strike out on their own, adhering as closely as they can to 28 2| and that a life devoted to administrative duties, with perhaps a little 29 2| monasteries, nuns who have advanced far in the practice are 30 | against 31 1| famine almost a millennium ago, and the Buddha provided 32 1| societies. Society's main aim, no matter where, is its 33 2| while its organizational aims have been something of a 34 2| better monasteries this is alleviated to some extent by the Buddhist 35 1| economy. Most religions allow themselves to become domesticated 36 | almost 37 2| reformer seems basically altruistic at heart, he or she tends 38 | always 39 2| teachers in Bangkok is a woman, Amara Malila, who abandoned her 40 2| disciples, we find only a few anecdotal references to practicing 41 1| This experience, plus the anguish she must have felt when 42 1| the the welfare of others (Anguttara Nikaya, Book of Fours, Sutta 43 1| center to a committee she appointed from among its members. 44 1| influence of Mon culture in the area -- have a long tradition 45 2| attitude in the outlying areas of Thailand: the less contact 46 1| K. Khao-suan-luang, was arguably the foremost woman Dhamma 47 2| sort of folk wisdom to this arrangement. Anyone who would take on 48 2| followings. Thus it seems fair to assume that there were prominent 49 2| on the practice only when assured of comfortable material 50 2| village doctors or to study astrology to become personal counselors. 51 2| communities if they find the atmosphere oppressive. In the better 52 2| may be based on a common attitude in the outlying areas of 53 2| practices spread, they begin to attract a following of students 54 1| had grown to a flood. This attracted even more people to her 55 1| Kee was something of an autodidact. Although she picked up 56 2| nuns I know personally have avoided joining it because they 57 2| Dhamma with some measure of awe and respect, rather than 58 2| which the Buddha called the baits of the world -- would probably 59 1| monasteries, which is the basic pattern in other parts of 60 2| confrontational reformer seems basically altruistic at heart, he 61 1| distinction that is important to bear in mind when issues related 62 | becoming 63 | begin 64 1| disrupted by World War II had begun to return to normal, she 65 | behind 66 2| Even if only one person has benefited by realizing the Deathless, 67 1| established her as one of the best-known Dhamma teachers, male or 68 1| tobacco, coffee, tea, and betel nut. They meet daily for 69 | between 70 1| to them. The Theravadin Bhikkhuni Sangha, the nuns' order 71 2| Kantasilo and Phra Ajaan Mun Bhuridatto, sons of peasants, at a 72 1| being pregnant and giving birth to a younger sibling that, 73 2| began teaching, with the blessings of the abbot, and now has 74 1| that eventually left her blind, but she still continued 75 2| women prepared to break the bonds of mainstream Buddhism in 76 2| Sao's teachings, only a booklet or two of Ajaan Mun's, but 77 1| twentieth-century Thailand. Born in 1901 to a Chinese merchant 78 2| reforms introduced from the bottom up, these have never been 79 2| men and women prepared to break the bonds of mainstream 80 1| important issues that had been brought up. It was during such sessions 81 1| influence of the writings of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, although she transformed 82 2| time when the central Thai bureaucracy was very active in stamping 83 2| the less contact with the bureaucratic powers at the center, the 84 2| proposed religious reforms as a camouflage for their political ambitions, 85 2| however such reforms may be carried out, they are largely limited 86 1| of her life she developed cataracts that eventually left her 87 2| themselves relegated to a celibate version of a housewife's 88 2| peasants, at a time when the central Thai bureaucracy was very 89 1| distorted. From the earliest centuries of the tradition on up to 90 2| odds at the end of the last century by Phra Ajaan Sao Kantasilo 91 1| nut. They meet daily for chanting, group meditation, and discussion 92 1| practice, such as nightly chants and the observance of the 93 2| personality more important than character -- is sure to change the 94 2| hierarchy. This has succeeded chiefly in providing improved educational 95 1| that, on seeing the newborn child for the first time -- "sleeping 96 2| encourage their sons from early childhood to take temporary ordination 97 1| Thailand. Born in 1901 to a Chinese merchant family in Rajburi, 98 2| influence only a limited circle and then disappear without 99 2| Scholarly monks in the cities have long been told that 100 2| up with the hardships of clearing the Buddhist path. Because 101 2| are relegated to a status clearly secondary to that of the 102 2| on their own, adhering as closely as they can to the teachings 103 1| such stimulants as tobacco, coffee, tea, and betel nut. They 104 2| if large-scale support comes too early, it may abort 105 2| practice only when assured of comfortable material support, status, 106 2| This view may be based on a common attitude in the outlying 107 1| differences we find when we compare, say, Japanese Buddhism, 108 1| some cases to have been completely distorted. From the earliest 109 2| effort to win support, thus compromising the relationship of the 110 1| although she transformed his concepts in ways that made them entirely 111 2| housewife, but still far from conducive to the full-time practice 112 2| times, one can only make conjectures about the opportunities 113 2| life in a nun's community connected with one of the meditation 114 2| repercussions is of no real consequence. Even if only one person 115 2| tendency to make image more consequential than substance, and personality 116 2| of a housewife's life -- considerably freer in their eyes than 117 1| may not. Those who do are considered superior to those who don' 118 2| prominent donors to its construction, and this would have been 119 2| areas of Thailand: the less contact with the bureaucratic powers 120 1| Pali Canon and the works of contemporary teachers -- and was tested 121 2| unentanglement with others, contentment with little, and seclusion -- 122 2| scholarly monks, participants in controversies, and missionaries. Some 123 2| that it is a mere social convention, designed to streamline 124 | could 125 2| this pattern is the First Council, called with royal patronage 126 2| astrology to become personal counselors. Both of these activities 127 1| though, has always been counter-cultural, even in nominally Buddhist 128 1| of five children -- or, counting her father's children by 129 2| lay nuns throughout the country, sponsored by Her Majesty 130 2| teachings slipped through the cracks in the historical record 131 1| teachings, have engaged in creating what might be called designer 132 2| based on morally neutral criteria so that one's place in the 133 1| domesticated, often seems to act at cross-purposes to the actual practice of 134 1| and was tested in the crucible of her own relentless honesty. 135 1| its own perpetuation. Its cultural values are designed to keep 136 1| of the influence of Mon culture in the area -- have a long 137 1| and betel nut. They meet daily for chanting, group meditation, 138 1| that has flourished to this day. ~Life at the retreat was 139 1| probably lay behind her decision, made when she was still 140 2| designed to streamline the decision-making process in the community, 141 2| not something that can be decreed by legislative fiat. ~A 142 2| all pioneers are free from delusion and dishonesty -- their 143 2| the hardships become less demanding; and as life softens, so 144 2| popularity may soon lead to its demise, and the women at Khao Suan 145 1| early age. In later life she described how, at the age of six, 146 2| generation or two it has deteriorated to the extent that it no 147 2| mainstream Buddhism in their determination to practice is to follow 148 2| mainstream Buddhism has become so detrimental to the practice that institutional 149 2| mentioned in the Canon was Devadatta's attempted schism, introduced 150 2| recognized by the abbots and can develop large personal followings. 151 1| later years of her life she developed cataracts that eventually 152 | did 153 1| order founded by the Buddha, died out because of war and famine 154 2| strands, with the major difference being that modern media 155 1| This accounts for the wide differences we find when we compare, 156 2| or religious. We have no direct record of Ajaan Sao's teachings, 157 1| and productive -- either directly or indirectly -- in the 158 2| limited circle and then disappear without a ripple. For those 159 2| own, put up with society's disapproval and the hardships of living 160 2| stay in the monkhood often discourage them from enduring the hardships 161 1| and that they tend to be discouraged from pursuing the opportunities 162 2| mainstream Buddhism often discourages men from practicing as well. 163 2| religion was originally discovered. As for those who prefer 164 1| of women in Buddhism are discussed. ~Study after study has 165 1| chanting, group meditation, and discussion of the practice. In the 166 2| are free from delusion and dishonesty -- their role requires great 167 2| touch with the qualities of dispassion, self-effacement, unentanglement 168 2| ordination often pressure them to disrobe soon after ordination if 169 1| practice. In 1945, as life disrupted by World War II had begun 170 1| to have been completely distorted. From the earliest centuries 171 2| her career as a medical doctor for a life in a nun's community 172 2| they can act as the village doctors or to study astrology to 173 2| nuns among the prominent donors to its construction, and 174 | down 175 2| occasion were nothing short of draconian. In more recent years, though, 176 2| place to place. One major drawback to nuns' communities affiliated 177 2| than viewing them simply as drop-outs. ~What this has meant historically 178 1| in an abandoned monastic dwelling eventually grew to become 179 1| completely distorted. From the earliest centuries of the tradition 180 1| indirectly -- in the on-going economy. Most religions allow themselves 181 2| association is run by highly educated nuns, most of the nuns I 182 2| standards and facilities for education, and greater support for 183 2| chiefly in providing improved educational opportunities for a relatively 184 2| the proposed reform in the effort to win support, thus compromising 185 2| Because the integrity of their efforts takes years to be tested -- 186 2| over time, the pioneers do embody the practice faithfully, 187 1| saving up enough money to enable herself to live the remainder 188 2| top of this, parents who encourage their sons from early childhood 189 2| rare monk who finds himself encouraged to devote himself entirely 190 | end 191 1| those teachings to their own ends rather than adapting themselves 192 2| often discourage them from enduring the hardships of a meditator' 193 1| themselves to the teachings, have engaged in creating what might be 194 2| of the Buddha himself by engaging in what might be called 195 1| However, the actual practice enjoined by the Buddha does not place 196 2| the practice inherently entails. ~Thus from the perspective 197 1| away quietly in 1978 after entrusting the center to a committee 198 1| people to her center and established her as one of the best-known 199 2| mainstream. If no such teachers exist, individuals intent on practice 200 1| home for three days. This experience, plus the anguish she must 201 2| reform to true practice. Experiences with cases such as this 202 2| s passing away, for the express purpose of standardizing 203 1| world, and not necessarily expressed in any social function. 204 2| they are largely limited to externals, because the attainment 205 2| considerably freer in their eyes than the life of an actual 206 2| women at Khao Suan Luang are faced with the problem of seeing 207 1| major role as supporter and facilitator for the center, joined the 208 2| improved standards and facilities for education, and greater 209 2| have been something of a failure. Even though the association 210 2| followings. Thus it seems fair to assume that there were 211 1| teach him meditation, with fairly good results, in the last 212 2| pioneers do embody the practice faithfully, then as word of their teachings 213 2| the family business. Even families who are happy to have their 214 1| died out because of war and famine almost a millennium ago, 215 1| she became so filled with fear and loathing at the miseries 216 2| be decreed by legislative fiat. ~A modern example of such 217 2| reason: Anyone who has to fight to have his/her ideas accepted 218 2| teachings and practices of many figures in the various meditation 219 1| age of six, she became so filled with fear and loathing at 220 2| but it is a rare monk who finds himself encouraged to devote 221 1| Bangkok, she was the eldest of five children -- or, counting 222 1| talks -- had grown to a flood. This attracted even more 223 1| practice center that has flourished to this day. ~Life at the 224 2| sense, there is a sort of folk wisdom to this arrangement. 225 2| determination to practice is to follow the example of the Buddha 226 2| absolute monarchy, reforms that followed this pattern could be quite 227 2| of these activities are forbidden by the disciplinary rules, 228 1| Khao-suan-luang, was arguably the foremost woman Dhamma teacher in 229 1| had a small home near a forested hill, Khao Suan Luang (RoyalPark 230 1| to social services of one form or another, measuring their 231 2| or female, no matter what forms of designer Buddhism may 232 2| qualities the Buddha set forth as the litmus test for gauging 233 2| supposed male superiority, but fortunately nuns do not take vows of 234 2| together with any memory of the founder's teachings. ~In some cases, 235 1| Anguttara Nikaya, Book of Fours, Sutta 95) -- a teaching 236 2| distribution. ~Both traditions are fragile: The Forest Tradition is 237 2| housewife's life -- considerably freer in their eyes than the life 238 1| of meditation during her frequent visits to monasteries in 239 2| hardships of living on the frontier, and search for whatever 240 1| secluded place and give herself fully to the practice. Her aunt 241 2| full-time practice would be futile, and that a life devoted 242 2| this book -- to inspire future generations and to show 243 2| the social benefits to be gained from the proposed reform 244 2| much more limited in scope, gaining a measure of success only 245 2| forth as the litmus test for gauging whether or not a proposed 246 1| through in being pregnant and giving birth to a younger sibling 247 2| facilities for education, and greater support for stricter observance 248 1| its benefits in subduing greed, pride, and other mental 249 1| monastic dwelling eventually grew to become the nucleus of 250 1| thing with black, black hair" -- she ran away from home 251 2| business. Even families who are happy to have their sons stay 252 1| those who teach without having attained the goal themselves. 253 1| years when Upasika Kee's health was still strong, she would 254 2| the abbot, and now has a healthy shelf of books to her name. 255 1| its leader, a position she held until her death in 1993. 256 1| at all. In fact, he gave higher praise to those who work 257 1| stressing altruism as the highest religious impulse, and mainstream 258 2| the association is run by highly educated nuns, most of the 259 1| have a long tradition of highly-respected independent nunneries. Even 260 | him 261 2| meditation is something that historians are in no position to judge. ~ 262 2| drop-outs. ~What this has meant historically is that the true practice 263 1| still strong, she would hold special meetings at which 264 1| for its revival. (The same holds true for the Bhikkhu Sangha, 265 1| crucible of her own relentless honesty. Her later teachings show 266 1| meditation, and her working hours to a small business to support 267 2| in Thailand are far from ideal, it should also be noted 268 2| to fight to have his/her ideas accepted inevitably loses 269 2| with its tendency to make image more consequential than 270 2| only when presented not as impositions but as opportunities: access 271 1| as the highest religious impulse, and mainstream Buddhism 272 2| in the historical record inasmuch as true success at meditation 273 2| ordination if they show any inclination to stay in the monkhood 274 2| the same time making them inclined to view those who leave 275 2| would be sacrificing their independence for no perceivable benefit. 276 2| Theravada stupa at Sañci in India list nuns among the prominent 277 1| productive -- either directly or indirectly -- in the on-going economy. 278 1| the goal themselves. Thus individual attainment, rather than 279 2| Thailand before Western influences made themselves strongly 280 2| Among the monks, the most influential practice tradition is the 281 2| self-discipline the practice inherently entails. ~Thus from the 282 2| generation of disciples. However, inscriptions at the Theravada stupa at 283 2| presented in this book -- to inspire future generations and to 284 1| present, groups who feel inspired by the Buddha's teachings, 285 2| extent that it no longer inspires support and eventually dies 286 2| followings. At present, for instance, one of the most active 287 2| there have been striking instances where people have proposed 288 2| Buddhist path. Because the integrity of their efforts takes years 289 1| women in Buddhism, but it is interesting to note that, for all of 290 1| find when we compare, say, Japanese Buddhism, Tibetan, and Thai, 291 1| and more women began to join the community. When tape 292 2| personally have avoided joining it because they do not find 293 2| historians are in no position to judge. ~So, for the period from 294 1| also known by her penname, K. Khao-suan-luang, was arguably 295 2| century by Phra Ajaan Sao Kantasilo and Phra Ajaan Mun Bhuridatto, 296 1| known by her penname, K. Khao-suan-luang, was arguably the foremost 297 2| nuns, most of the nuns I know personally have avoided 298 1| Upasika Kee Nanayon, also known by her penname, K. Khao-suan-luang, 299 2| are very popular with the laity -- so popular that until 300 2| sacrifices. In fact, if large-scale support comes too early, 301 2| be carried out, they are largely limited to externals, because 302 1| death and soon became its leader, a position she held until 303 2| because they do not find the leaders personally inspiring and 304 2| practice without charismatic leadership. On top of this, the arrival 305 2| their political ambitions, leaving their followers in a lurch 306 2| keep themselves from being led astray by their own defilements -- 307 2| Theravadin Buddhists in general leery of confrontational reforms. ~ 308 2| something that can be decreed by legislative fiat. ~A modern example 309 | like 310 | likely 311 1| the retreat was frugal, in line with the fact that outside 312 2| stupa at Sañci in India list nuns among the prominent 313 1| the stream of free Dhamma literature from Khao Suan Luang -- 314 2| Buddha set forth as the litmus test for gauging whether 315 1| money to enable herself to live the remainder of her life 316 1| so filled with fear and loathing at the miseries her mother 317 2| of the practice. When we look at the historical record 318 2| ideas accepted inevitably loses touch with the qualities 319 1| terms of how well they have loved and served others. ~However, 320 2| leaving their followers in a lurch when their ambitions are 321 1| mainstream, especially in Mahayana traditions, has tended to 322 1| Buddhist societies. Society's main aim, no matter where, is 323 2| seeing how long they can maintain their standard of practice 324 1| same frugal style has been maintained for its benefits in subduing 325 2| country, sponsored by Her Majesty the Queen and senior monks 326 2| Bangkok is a woman, Amara Malila, who abandoned her career 327 1| she saw as the slavery of marriage. ~During her teens she devoted 328 2| this, the arrival of the mass media -- and especially 329 2| when assured of comfortable material support, status, and praise -- 330 2| drop-outs. ~What this has meant historically is that the 331 1| of one form or another, measuring their personal spiritual 332 1| and the Buddha provided no mechanism for its revival. (The same 333 2| abandoned her career as a medical doctor for a life in a nun' 334 2| been pressured to study medicine so that they can act as 335 1| continued a rigorous schedule of meditating and receiving visitors interested 336 2| enduring the hardships of a meditator's life in the forest. ~In 337 1| tea, and betel nut. They meet daily for chanting, group 338 1| she would hold special meetings at which the members would 339 2| society, the mainstream meets their social/religious needs 340 1| greed, pride, and other mental defilements, as well as 341 1| women in Buddhism make no mention of her name or of the community 342 2| succeeding. The only such reform mentioned in the Canon was Devadatta' 343 1| Born in 1901 to a Chinese merchant family in Rajburi, a town 344 2| hierarchy: that it is a mere social convention, designed 345 1| introduced to Thailand in the mid-1950's, friends began recording 346 1| free distribution. By the mid-1960's, the stream of free Dhamma 347 1| war and famine almost a millennium ago, and the Buddha provided 348 1| that outside support was minimal in the early years. However, 349 1| fear and loathing at the miseries her mother went through 350 2| participants in controversies, and missionaries. Some people at present 351 2| there are sexist monks who mistake the privileged position 352 1| because of the influence of Mon culture in the area -- have 353 2| During the days of absolute monarchy, reforms that followed this 354 1| that the vast majority of monastics as well as lay followers 355 1| thought of saving up enough money to enable herself to live 356 1| the community within a few months of Upasika Kee's death and 357 2| community, and based on morally neutral criteria so that 358 | mostly 359 1| Khao Suan Luang (RoyalPark Mountain), outside of Rajburi, where 360 2| stamping out independent movements of any sort, political or 361 1| joined her aunt and uncle in moving to the hill, and there the 362 2| devoted to meditation -- their names and teachings slipped through 363 2| and senior monks in the national hierarchy. This has succeeded 364 1| practice, had a small home near a forested hill, Khao Suan 365 2| meets their social/religious needs while at the same time making 366 2| attempt in such strongly negative terms that its memory is 367 1| favorable in Rajburi and the neighboring province of Phetburi, both 368 2| community, and based on morally neutral criteria so that one's place 369 1| sibling that, on seeing the newborn child for the first time -- " 370 2| been told that the path to nibbana is no longer open, that 371 1| welfare of others (Anguttara Nikaya, Book of Fours, Sutta 95) -- 372 1| counter-cultural, even in nominally Buddhist societies. Society' 373 1| II had begun to return to normal, she gave up her business, 374 2| meditation monasteries in the Northeast. After several years of 375 1| but it is interesting to note that, for all of Upasika 376 2| ideal, it should also be noted that mainstream Buddhism 377 | nothing 378 1| eventually grew to become the nucleus of a women's practice center 379 2| opportunities for a relatively small number of nuns, while its organizational 380 1| highly-respected independent nunneries. Even there, though, the 381 1| instruction varies widely with the nunnery, and many women find that 382 1| coffee, tea, and betel nut. They meet daily for chanting, 383 2| nuns do not take vows of obedience and are free to change communities 384 2| particular time. Still, based on observations of the situation in Thailand 385 1| countries are as lay nuns, observing eight or ten precepts. ~ 386 2| was started against great odds at the end of the last century 387 | off 388 2| opportunities that monasteries offer for lay nuns to practice -- 389 1| opportunities for practice offered in nuns' communities affiliated 390 1| well as for the pleasure it offers in unburdening the heart. 391 1| support her father in his old age. Her meditation progressed 392 1| or indirectly -- in the on-going economy. Most religions 393 | once 394 2| they find the atmosphere oppressive. In the better monasteries, 395 1| Because there is no formal organization for the lay nuns, their 396 1| so thoroughly that the original teachings seem in some cases 397 2| was where the religion was originally discovered. As for those 398 2| a common attitude in the outlying areas of Thailand: the less 399 1| instruction came from books -- the Pali Canon and the works of contemporary 400 2| at least left a record -- part of which is presented in 401 2| recorded were scholarly monks, participants in controversies, and missionaries. 402 2| to men and women at any particular time. Still, based on observations 403 1| the basic pattern in other parts of Thailand. ~ 404 2| year after the Buddha's passing away, for the express purpose 405 2| Council, called with royal patronage in the first year after 406 2| Mun Bhuridatto, sons of peasants, at a time when the central 407 1| Nanayon, also known by her penname, K. Khao-suan-luang, was 408 2| their independence for no perceivable benefit. This view may be 409 2| position to judge. ~So, for the period from Canonical up to modern 410 2| to stay in the monkhood permanently and abandon the family business. 411 1| matter where, is its own perpetuation. Its cultural values are 412 2| consequential than substance, and personality more important than character -- 413 1| Buddhism as a socio-historical phenomenon, a distinction that is important 414 1| neighboring province of Phetburi, both of which -- perhaps 415 1| autodidact. Although she picked up the rudiments of meditation 416 2| heart, he or she tends to play up the social benefits to 417 1| who up to that point had played a major role as supporter 418 1| defilements, as well as for the pleasure it offers in unburdening 419 1| three days. This experience, plus the anguish she must have 420 1| Suan Luang -- Upasika Kee's poetry as well as her talks -- 421 1| Upasika Wan, who up to that point had played a major role 422 2| showing signs that its very popularity may soon lead to its demise, 423 2| and this would have been possible only if the nuns had large 424 2| the Buddha's teachings for posterity. During the days of absolute 425 1| monasteries in her youth, she practiced mostly on her own without 426 1| mother went through in being pregnant and giving birth to a younger 427 2| those few men and women prepared to break the bonds of mainstream 428 2| temporary ordination often pressure them to disrobe soon after 429 2| monasteries, monks have long been pressured to study medicine so that 430 1| benefits in subduing greed, pride, and other mental defilements, 431 1| Buddhism. Women sense this primarily in the fact that they do 432 1| in 1956, a group of them printed a small volume of her transcribed 433 2| alive throughout society by printing and reprinting books of 434 2| sexist monks who mistake the privileged position of men as an indication 435 2| Luang are faced with the problem of seeing how long they 436 1| keep its members useful and productive -- either directly or indirectly -- 437 2| on the side, is the most profitable use of one's monastic career. ~ 438 1| old age. Her meditation progressed well enough that she was 439 2| of action, and the person proposing it, were in accordance with 440 2| Thailand, an attempt to provide an organizational structure 441 1| millennium ago, and the Buddha provided no mechanism for its revival. ( 442 1| Rajburi and the neighboring province of Phetburi, both of which -- 443 2| far in the practice are publicly recognized by the abbots 444 2| passing away, for the express purpose of standardizing the record 445 1| The true path of practice pursues happiness through social 446 1| tend to be discouraged from pursuing the opportunities that are 447 2| sponsored by Her Majesty the Queen and senior monks in the 448 2| from it, of course, the question of its historical repercussions 449 2| Dhamma, and Sangha in a radical way. ~In a sense, there 450 1| black, black hair" -- she ran away from home for three 451 2| available to men, but it is a rare monk who finds himself encouraged 452 2| individuals, though, are a rarity, and many lay nuns find 453 2| historical repercussions is of no real consequence. Even if only 454 2| person has benefited by realizing the Deathless, the tradition 455 2| might seem. And with good reason: Anyone who has to fight 456 2| confrontational reforms no matter how reasonable they might seem. And with 457 2| when senior monks have received the support of the political 458 1| schedule of meditating and receiving visitors interested in the 459 | recently 460 2| the practice are publicly recognized by the abbots and can develop 461 1| sleeping quietly, a little red thing with black, black 462 2| find only a few anecdotal references to practicing monks or nuns. 463 2| where a confrontational reformer seems basically altruistic 464 2| its example may have a reforming influence at large, shaming 465 2| defilements -- and taking refuge in the example of the Buddha, 466 2| either of these vocations was regarded as shirking his duties. 467 2| or independent reform: to reject the general values of society, 468 1| bear in mind when issues related to the place of women in 469 2| support, thus compromising the relationship of the reform to true practice. 470 2| educational opportunities for a relatively small number of nuns, while 471 1| small groups of friends and relatives would visit on occasion 472 1| the crucible of her own relentless honesty. Her later teachings 473 2| forest, which was where the religion was originally discovered. 474 1| the on-going economy. Most religions allow themselves to become 475 2| vast majority of Buddhists reluctant to take up with confrontational 476 1| enable herself to live the remainder of her life in a secluded 477 2| path of practice may be reopened by anyone, male or female, 478 2| question of its historical repercussions is of no real consequence. 479 1| which the members would report on their practice, after 480 2| society by printing and reprinting books of her talks for free 481 2| dishonesty -- their role requires great sacrifices. In fact, 482 2| some measure of awe and respect, rather than viewing them 483 1| meditation, with fairly good results, in the last year of his 484 1| World War II had begun to return to normal, she gave up her 485 1| provided no mechanism for its revival. (The same holds true for 486 1| there is no way it can be revived.) Thus the only ordination 487 1| but she still continued a rigorous schedule of meditating and 488 2| then disappear without a ripple. For those who benefit from 489 1| for the variety of social roles to which many women Buddhists 490 2| First Council, called with royal patronage in the first year 491 1| forested hill, Khao Suan Luang (RoyalPark Mountain), outside of Rajburi, 492 1| welfare than to those who sacrifice their spiritual welfare 493 2| they feel they would be sacrificing their independence for no 494 1| those who don't are in turn said to be superior to those 495 2| at the Theravada stupa at Sañci in India list nuns among 496 2| up, these have never been sanctioned by the tradition, and Theravadin 497 1| business with the thought of saving up enough money to enable 498 1| never to submit to what she saw as the slavery of marriage. ~ 499 1| we find when we compare, say, Japanese Buddhism, Tibetan, 500 1| still continued a rigorous schedule of meditating and receiving