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Evangelium vitae
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  • INTRODUCTION
    • The incomparable worth of the human person
  1: The expression "Gospel of life" is not found as such in Sacred Scripture. But it does correspond [...]
  2: Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 22.
  3: Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Redemptor Hominis (4 March 1979), 10; AAS 71 (1979), 275.
  4: Cf. ibid., 14: loc.cit., 285.


  • INTRODUCTION
    • New threats to human life
  5: Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 27.


  • INTRODUCTION
    • In communion with all the Bishops of the world
  6: Cf. Letter to all my Brothers in the Episcopate regarding the "Gospel of Life" (19 May 1991): Ins[...]
  7: Ibid., loc.cit., p. 1294.
  8: Letter to Families Gratissimam sane (2 February 1994), 4: AAS 86 (1994), 871.
  9: John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 39: AAS 83 (1991), 842.


  • CHAPTER I - THE VOICE OF YOUR BROTHER'S BLOOD CRIES TO ME FROM THE GROUND
    • "Cain rose up against his brother Abel, and killed him" (Gen 4:8): the roots of violence against life
  10: No. 2259.
  11: Saint Ambrose, De Noe, 26:94-96: CSEL 32, 480-481.
  12: Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, Nos. 1867 and 2268.
  13: De Cain et Abel, II, 10, 38: CSEL, 32, 408.


  • CHAPTER I - THE VOICE OF YOUR BROTHER'S BLOOD CRIES TO ME FROM THE GROUND
    • "What have you done?" (Gen 4:10): the eclipse of the value of life
  14: Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Orig[...]
  15: Address during the Prayer Vigil for the Eighth World Youth Day, Denver, 14 August 1993, II, 3: AA[...]


  • CHAPTER I - THE VOICE OF YOUR BROTHER'S BLOOD CRIES TO ME FROM THE GROUND
    • "Am I my brother's keeper?" (Gen 4:9): a perverse idea of freedom
  16: John Paul II, Address to the Participants at the Study Conference on "The Right to Life and Europ[...]


  • CHAPTER I - THE VOICE OF YOUR BROTHER'S BLOOD CRIES TO ME FROM THE GROUND
    • "And from your face I shall be hidden" (Gen 4:14): the eclipse of the sense of God and of man
  17: Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 36.
  18: Cf. ibid., 16.


  • CHAPTER I - THE VOICE OF YOUR BROTHER'S BLOOD CRIES TO ME FROM THE GROUND
    • "You have come to the sprinkled blood" (cf. Heb 12: 22, 24): signs of hope and invitation to commitment
  19: Cf. Saint Gregory the Great, Moralia in Job, 13, 23: CCL 143A, 683.
  20: John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Redemptor Hominis (4 March 1979), 10; AAS 71 (1979), 274.
  21: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium[...]


  • CHAPTER II - I CAME THAT THEY MAY HAVE LIFE
    • "The life was made manifest, and we saw it" (1 Jn 1:2): with our gaze fixed on Christ, "the Word of life"
  22: Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 4.


  • CHAPTER II - I CAME THAT THEY MAY HAVE LIFE
    • "Called ... to be conformed to the image of his Son" (Rom 8:28-29): God's glory shines on the face of man
  23: "Gloria Dei vivens homo": Adversus Haereses, IV, 20, 7: SCh 100/2, 648-649.
  24: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium[...]
  25: Confessions, I, 1: CCL 27, 1.
  26: Exameron, VI, 75-76: CSEL 32, 260-261.


  • CHAPTER II - I CAME THAT THEY MAY HAVE LIFE
    • "Whoever lives and believes in me shall never die" (Jn 11:26): the gift of eternal life
  27: "Vita autem hominis visio Dei": Adversus Haereses, IV, 20, 7: SCh 100/2, 648-649.


  • CHAPTER II - I CAME THAT THEY MAY HAVE LIFE
    • "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it" (Gen 1:28): man's responsibility for life
  28: Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 38: AAS 83 (1991), 840-841. [...]
  29: John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (30 December 1987), 34: AAS 80 (1988), 5[...]
  30: Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 50.
  31: Letter to Families Gratissimam sane (2 February 1994), 9: AAS 86 (1994), 878; cf. Pius XII, Encyc[...]
  32: "Animas enim a Deo immediate creari catholica fides nos retinere iubet": Pius XII, Encyclical Let[...]
  33: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium[...]
  34: Homilies, II, 1; CCSG 3, 39.


  • CHAPTER II - I CAME THAT THEY MAY HAVE LIFE
    • "For you formed my inmost being" (Ps 139:13): the dignity of the unborn child
  35: See, for example, Psalms 22:10-11; 71:6; 139:13-14.
  36: Expositio Evangelii secundum Lucam, II, 22-23: CCL, 14, 40-41.


  • CHAPTER II - I CAME THAT THEY MAY HAVE LIFE
    • "I kept my faith even when I said, ?I am greatly afflicted' " (Ps 116:10): life in old age and at times of suffering
  37: Saint Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Ephesians, 7, 2: Patres Apostolici, ed. F.X. Funk, II, 8[...]


  • CHAPTER III - YOU SHALL NOT KILL
    • "If you would enter life, keep the commandments" (Mt 19:17): Gospel and commandment
  38: De Hominis Opificio, 4: PG 44, 136.
  39: Cf. Saint John Damascene, De Fide Orthodoxa, 2, 12: PG 94, 920.922, quoted in Saint Thomas Aquina[...]
  40: Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Humanae Vitae (25 July 1968), 13: AAS 60 (1968), 489.


  • CHAPTER III - YOU SHALL NOT KILL
    • "From man in regard to his fellow man I will demand an accounting for human life" (Gen 9:5): human life is sacred and inviolable
  41: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin a[...]
  42: Didache, I, 1; II, 1-2; V, 1 and 3: Patres Apostolici, ed. F.X. Funk, I, 2-3, 6-9, 14-17; cf. Let[...]
  43: Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, Nos. 2263-2269; cf. also Catechism of the Council of Trent [...]
  44: Catechism of the Catholic Church, No. 2265.
  45: Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, II-II, q. 64, a. 7; Saint Alphonsus De' Liguori, Theo[...]
  46: Catechism of the Catholic Church, No. 2266.
  47: Cf. ibid.
  48: No. 2267.
  49: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 12.
  50: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium[...]
  51: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 25.
  52: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Euthanasia Iura et Bona (5 May 1980), [...]
  53: Encyclical Letter Veritatis Splendor (6 August 1993), 96: AAS 85 (1993), 1209.


  • CHAPTER III - YOU SHALL NOT KILL
    • "Your eyes beheld my unformed substance" (Ps 139:16): the unspeakable crime of abortion
  54: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium[...]
  55: Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Mulieris Dignitatem (15 August 1988), 14: AAS 80 (1988), 1686.[...]
  56: No. 21: AAS 86 (1994), 920.
  57: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Procured Abortion (18 November 1974), [...]
  58: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin a[...]
  59: Ibid., loc. cit., 79.
  60: Hence the Prophet Jeremiah: "The word of the Lord came to me saying: 'Before I formed you in the [...]
  61: Cf. Declaration on Procured Abortion (18 November 1974), No. 7: AAS 66 (1974), 740-747. 
  62: "You shall not kill a child by abortion nor shall you kill it once it is born": V, 2: Patres Apos[...]
  63: Apologia on behalf of the Christians, 35: PG 6, 969.
  64: Apologeticum, IX, 8: CSEL 69, 24.
  65: Cf. Encyclical Letter Casti Connubii (31 December 1930), II: AAS 22 (1930), 562-592.
  66: Address to the Biomedical Association "San Luca" (12 November 1944): Discorsi e Radiomessaggi, VI[...]
  67: Encyclical Letter Mater et Magistra (15 May 1961), 3: AAS 53 (1961), 447.
  68: Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 51.
  69: Canon 2350, § 1.
  70: Code of Canon Law, canon 1398; cf. Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 1450, § 2.
  71: Cf. ibid., canon 1329; also Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 1417.
  72: Cf. Address to the National Congress of Italian Jurists (9 December 1972): AAS 64 (1972), 777; En[...]
  73: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 25.
  74: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin a[...]
  75: Charter of the Rights of the Family (22 October 1983), article 4b: Vatican Polyglot Press, 1983. [...]


  • CHAPTER III - YOU SHALL NOT KILL
    • "It is I who bring both death and life" (Dt 32:39): the tragedy of euthanasia
  76: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Euthanasia Iura et Bona (5 May 1980), [...]
  77: Ibid., IV: loc. cit., 551.
  78: Cf. ibid.
  79: Pius XII, Address to an International Group of Physicians (24 February 1957), III: AAS 49 (1957),[...]
  80: Pius XII, Address to an International Group of Physicians (24 February 1957), III: AAS 49 (1957),[...]
  81: Pius XII, Address to an International Group of Physicians (24 February 1957): loc. cit., 129-147;[...]
  82: Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 25.
  83: Cf. Saint Augustine, De Civitate Dei I, 20: CCL 47, 22; Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, I[...]
  84: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Euthanasia Iura et Bona (5 May 1980), [...]
  85: Ep. 204, 5: CSEL 57, 320.
  86: Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 18.
  87: Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Salvifici Doloris (11 February 1984), 14-24: AAS 76 (1984), 21[...]


  • CHAPTER III - YOU SHALL NOT KILL
    • "We must obey God rather than men" (Acts 5:29): civil law and the moral law
  88: Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 46: AAS 83 (1991), 850; Pius X[...]
  89: Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Veritatis Splendor (6 August 1993), 97 and 99: AAS 85 (1993),[...]
  90: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin a[...]
  91: Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on Religious Freedom Dignitatis Humanae, 7.  [...]
  92: Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae I-II, q. 96, a. 2.
  93: Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on Religious Freedom Dignitatis Humanae, 7.  [...]
  94: Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris (11 April 1963), II: AAS 55 (1963), 273-274. The internal quote[...]
  95: Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris (11 April 1963), II: loc. cit., 271. 
  96: Summa Theologiae I-II, q. 93, a. 3, ad 2um.
  97: Ibid., I-II, q. 95, a. 2. Aquinas quotes Saint Augustine: "Non videtur esse lex, quae iusta non f[...]
  98: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on Procured Abortion (18 November 1974), [...]


  • CHAPTER III - YOU SHALL NOT KILL
    • "You shall love your neighbour as yourself" (Lk 10:27):"promote" life
  99: Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, Nos. 1753-1755; John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Veritatis S[...]
  100: In Iohannis Evangelium Tractatus, 41, 10: CCL 36, 363; cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Verita[...]


  • CHAPTER IV - YOU DID IT TO ME
    • "You are God's own people, that you may declare the wonderful deeds of him who called you out of darkness into his marvellous light" (1 Pet 2:9): a people of life and for life
  101: Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Nuntiandi (8 December 1975), 14: AAS 68 (1976), 13.
  102: Cf. Roman Missal, prayer of the celebrant before communion. 


  • CHAPTER IV - YOU DID IT TO ME
    • "That which we have seen and heard we proclaim also to you" (1 Jn 1:3): proclaiming the Gospel of life
  103: Cf. Saint Irenaeus: "Omnem novitatem attulit, semetipsum afferens, qui fuerat annuntiatus", Adver[...]
  104: Cf. Saint Thomas Aquinas, "Peccator inveterascit, recedens a novitate Christi", In Psalmos Davidi[...]
  105: De Beatitudinibus, Oratio VII: PG 44, 1280.
  106: Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Veritatis Splendor (6 August 1993), 116: AAS 85 (1993), 1224.[...]


  • CHAPTER IV - YOU DID IT TO ME
    • "I give you thanks that I am fearfully, wonderfully made" (Ps 139:14): celebrating the Gospel of life
  107: Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 37: AAS 83 (1991), 840.
  108: Cf. Message for Christmas 1967: AAS 60 (1968), 40.
  109: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, On the Divine Names, 6, 1-3: PG 3, 856-857.
  110: Paul VI, Pensiero alla Morte, Istituto Paolo VI, Brescia 1988, 24.
  111: John Paul II, Homily for the Beatification of Isidore Bakanja, Elisabetta Canori Mora and Gianna B[...]
  112: Ibid.


  • CHAPTER IV - YOU DID IT TO ME
    • "What does it profit, my brethren, if a man says he has faith but has not works?" (Jas 2:14): serving the Gospel of life
  113: In Matthaeum, Hom. L, 3: PG 58, 508.
  114: Catechism of the Catholic Church, No. 2372.
  115: John Paul II, Address to the Fourth General Conference of Latin American Bishops in Santo Domingo[...]
  116: Cf. Decree on Ecumenism Unitatis Redintegratio, 12; Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Mo[...]


  • CHAPTER IV - YOU DID IT TO ME
    • "Your children will be like olive shoots around your table" (Ps 128:3): the family as the "sanctuary of life"
  117: John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio (22 November 1981), 17: AAS[...]
  118: Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Ga[...]
  119: John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 39: AAS 83 (1991), 842. 
  120: John Paul II, Address to Participants in the Seventh Symposium of European Bishops, on the theme [...]
  121: John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (30 December 1987), 38: AAS 80 (1988), 5[...]
  122: John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio (22 November 1981), 86: AAS[...]


  • CHAPTER IV - YOU DID IT TO ME
    • "Walk as children of light" (Eph 5:8): bringing about a transformation of culture
  123: Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Nuntiandi (8 December 1975), 18: AAS 68 (1976), 17.
  124: Cf. ibid., 20: loc. cit., 18.
  125: Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Ga[...]
  126: Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 17: AAS 83 (1991), 814; Encycl[...]
  127: John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 24: AAS 83 (1991), 822.
  128: John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio (22 November 1981), 37: AAS[...]
  129: Letter establishing the World Day of the Sick (13 May 1992), No. 2: Insegnamenti XV, 1 (1992), 14[...]
  130: Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Ga[...]
  131: Cf. John Paul II, Letter to Families Gratissimam sane (2 February 1994), 13: AAS 86 (1994), 892. [...]
  132: John Paul II, Motu Proprio Vitae Mysterium (11 February 1994), 4: AAS 86 (1994), 386-387.
  133: Closing Message of the Council (8 December 1965): To Women. 
  134: John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Mulieris Dignitatem (15 August 1988), 18: AAS 80 (1988), 1696.  [...]
  135: Cf. John Paul II, Letter to Families Gratissimam sane (2 February 1994), 5: AAS 86 (1994), 872. [...]


  • CHAPTER IV - YOU DID IT TO ME
    • "We are writing this that our joy may be complete" (1 Jn 1:4): the Gospel of life is for the whole of human society
  136: John Paul II, Address to Participants in the Study Conference on "The Right to Life in Europe" (1[...]
  137: Message for the 1977 World Day of Peace: AAS 68 (1976), 711-712.


  • CONCLUSION
  138: Blessed Guerric of Igny, In Assumptione B. Mariae, Sermo I, 2: PL 185, 188.


  • CONCLUSION
    • "A great portent appeared in heaven, a woman clothed with the sun" (Rev 12:1): the motherhood of Mary and of the Church
  139: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 5.


  • CONCLUSION
    • "And the dragon stood before the woman ... that he might devour her child when she brought it forth" (Rev 12:4): life menaced by the forces of evil
  140: Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 22.


  • CONCLUSION
    • "Death shall be no more" (Rev 21:4): the splendour of the Resurrection
  141: Roman Missal, Sequence for Easter Sunday.
  142: Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 68.


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