Chapter
1 10| Nuptial Banns~~10. Before the publication
2 12| Pastor as Witness~~12. Bishops watching vigilantly
3 13| Dispensations from the Banns~~13. Concerning dispensations
4 14| 14. This kind of episcopal
5 15| 15. Do not abuse the easy dispensation
6 16| 16. It is asserted that the
7 17| Remedies~~17. Therefore, We want you
8 20| the Fisherman, on May 18, 1743, in the third year of our
9 19| 19. Finally We desire that
10 2 | Rules for Valid Marriages~~2. Besides all this, in Our
11 20| 20. For the rest, We beseech
12 1 | and all Bishops on August 26 of the same year, We prescribed
13 4 | New Abuses~~4. We were thus confident
14 5 | Improper Customs in Poland~~5. Having thoroughly investigated
15 6 | 6. Therefore all avenues are
16 7 | Annulment and Excommunication~~7. To remedy this pernicious
17 8 | Advice to Clergy~~8. What We have said on the
18 9 | 9. The pastor is obliged to
19 17| authority, We did not succeed in abolishing the former litigation concerning
20 | about
21 1 | aforementioned evil custom must be abrogated and the provisions of the
22 7 | which no one can obtain absolution except through Us and Our
23 16| abolished, may for the future abstain from these commissions and
24 20| and of a richly deserved abundance of heavenly grace, We lovingly
25 | according
26 20| vigilance. Remember the account to be rendered to the Prince
27 1 | Council of Trent must be accurately observed.~~
28 4 | money to the other (who acquiesced in the opinion). The soul
29 3 | November 3, 1741 took pains to add that in appropriate circumstances
30 3 | judges. In another encyclical addressed to all the bishops, We therefore
31 8 | Advice to Clergy~~8. What We have
32 | against
33 14| Direct your steps on to the age-old, well-trodden way, commended
34 7 | oath, and even if they were agreed upon before the publication
35 4 | soul shudders to repeat the agreements which the litigants now
36 | almost
37 | Among
38 7 | judge who may have dared to announce and further the pacts We
39 11| prevent the banns from being announced publicly and according to
40 5 | proper pastor. The banns announcing a couple's intent to marry
41 7 | for the future. We also annul those pacts which interfere
42 6 | frequently, a marriage is annulled because it was contracted
43 6 | the conditions are set for annulling marriages, even those consecrated
44 | anyone
45 | anything
46 5 | couple's intent to marry must appear on three feast days during
47 4 | the judge instructed the appellant to make all kinds of payment.~~
48 17| to know that We intend to apply our authority to more efficacious
49 8 | of marriage. They may now approach this great sacrament with
50 3 | took pains to add that in appropriate circumstances attention
51 1 | about this in Our Brief of April 11, 1741, and We exhorted
52 1 | the Venerable Brothers, Archbishops and Bishops of the Kingdom
53 16| excessively indulgent in this area. Whether truly or not, in
54 6 | the Church. At times it is argued that the marriage was entered
55 17| both judgments with their arguments are first examined and approved
56 3 | objected that this sort of evil arose because such cases were
57 16| 16. It is asserted that the hasty and extensive
58 3 | appropriate circumstances attention should be turned to the
59 1 | Primates, and all Bishops on August 26 of the same year, We
60 6 | 6. Therefore all avenues are closed by which one
61 | away
62 19| of any public notary and bearing the seal of a person of
63 6 | Furthermore the canonical benefit of appeal, which one of
64 20| 20. For the rest, We beseech and exhort you to choose
65 7 | against the annulment. We bid your Brotherhood again to
66 10| question both groom and bride separately to determine
67 1 | warned about this in Our Brief of April 11, 1741, and We
68 14| other spiritual leaders, called in part to share your labors,
69 | cannot
70 1 | cause or in violation of canon law, and threatens grave
71 1 | provisions of the sacred canons and the decrees of the Council
72 2 | Therefore ecclesiastical judges, carried away neither by fault or
73 3 | with the council of the Cathedral church, make a list of suitable
74 13| authority is to be used cautiously, so that in all cases they
75 5 | present for the marriage ceremony because the duty to witness
76 7 | pernicious evil, We, with certain knowledge and after mature
77 20| beseech and exhort you to choose individual ministers and
78 20| Prince of pastors Jesus Christ for the flock entrusted
79 3 | add that in appropriate circumstances attention should be turned
80 6 | formalities. Certainly it is clear that these dissolutions
81 13| from the banns, the bishops clearly understand that theirs is
82 8 | Advice to Clergy~~8. What We have said on
83 6 | Therefore all avenues are closed by which one could determine
84 7 | disseminate the same letter and command that this be done as though
85 3 | We therefore enjoined and commanded that each one, together
86 4 | would with God's blessing be completely abolished; however, We learned
87 6 | had not been purposefully concealed; also at times, and this
88 5 | investigated these matters, We have concluded that the irregularity and
89 6 | and declared void. So the conditions are set for annulling marriages,
90 5 | custom by which marriages are conducted there. Very often indeed
91 4 | Abuses~~4. We were thus confident that these abuses and all
92 7 | excommunication. We again confirm whatever is contained in
93 5 | that the irregularity and confusion in Poland arise for the
94 6 | annulling marriages, even those consecrated in the Church. At times
95 7 | no such pact may ever be considered valid and obligatory, We
96 7 | aforementioned last letter or in our Constitution, and especially all that
97 13| Then before the marriage is consummated, let the banns be published
98 7 | again confirm whatever is contained in the aforementioned last
99 18| present letter and whatever it contains is to stand firm, valid
100 10| whether the sons and daughters contract with the consent of the
101 12| but only after they are convinced that there is no impediment
102 19| Finally We desire that all the copies and imprints signed by the
103 5 | The banns announcing a couple's intent to marry must appear
104 6 | evil and an open door to crime. Furthermore the canonical
105 20| ministers and officials for your curias who are outstanding in all
106 17| and stringent remedies for curing these evils. Even after
107 5 | Improper Customs in Poland~~5. Having thoroughly
108 10| and whether the sons and daughters contract with the consent
109 13| for reasons of prudence to deal with legitimate occasions
110 7 | successors, except at the hour of death. Besides We declare that
111 4 | learned with sorrow that new deceptions and subterfuges had been
112 6 | enjoy after the case is decided in favor of the other, is
113 6 | marriage must be dissolved and declared void. So the conditions
114 17| second process. We then decree that in Polish matrimonial
115 1 | the sacred canons and the decrees of the Council of Trent
116 15| serves as a reproach of evil deeds.~~
117 7 | appeals from the unsuccessful defender of the marriage, and the
118 5 | witness the marriage has been delegated to a randomly-selected priest,
119 7 | knowledge and after mature deliberation, declare all pacts between
120 17| both judgments have been delivered in your courts, whether
121 12| marriage. Should necessity demand, they are not to grant this
122 1 | Apostolic Blessing.~~We deplore the abuse by which Christian
123 20| success, and of a richly deserved abundance of heavenly grace,
124 | did
125 19| person of an ecclesiastical dignity, are to be given the same
126 12| Nevertheless they should take diligent care that they do not use
127 10| After the pastors have diligently explored these and other
128 8 | of other well-organized dioceses where lawsuits concerning
129 14| therefore follow this path. Direct your steps on to the age-old,
130 2 | away neither by fault or dishonesty nor by inexperience or ignorance,
131 12| permission. The bishops can also dispense with the banns, or permit
132 5 | both. But these are often dispensed with, even though there
133 12| indiscriminately, both in dispensing with the banns and in permitting
134 19| if it were presented or displayed.~~
135 7 | Brotherhood again to publish and disseminate the same letter and command
136 8 | also set forth to you the distinguished and salutary rules of other
137 | does
138 | done
139 6 | source of evil and an open door to crime. Furthermore the
140 5 | marriage ceremony because the duty to witness the marriage
141 13| impediments, they may more easily be uncovered".~~
142 18| obtain its plenary and full effect, is to be observed inviolate
143 4 | saving ordinances could be eluded. The soul shudders to repeat
144 10| contracting parties has been engaged and given a solemn promise
145 20| long experience. Vigorously enjoin on them that each one has
146 6 | which one of the spouses can enjoy after the case is decided
147 6 | argued that the marriage was entered upon by force or by fear,
148 7 | excommunication on anyone entering into a pact, from which
149 14| 14. This kind of episcopal concern and diligence regarding
150 7 | in our Constitution, and especially all that concerns the procedure
151 15| pernicious custom does not establish a norm for action, but serves
152 14| the Council of Trent and established for all the bishops to follow.
153 20| your care, and remember the eternal reward in heaven promised
154 | ever
155 | everywhere
156 17| remedies for curing these evils. Even after so many exhortations
157 17| their arguments are first examined and approved by the Cardinals,
158 16| the time Nuncio, who was excessively indulgent in this area.
159 17| metropolitan, may not be executed unless both judgments with
160 14| diligence and integrity in exercising their ministry. Do not let
161 20| the rest, We beseech and exhort you to choose individual
162 17| evils. Even after so many exhortations and prescriptions of Apostolic
163 1 | of April 11, 1741, and We exhorted you in the name of the Lord
164 14| part to share your labors, expend similar diligence and integrity
165 20| virtues, and commended by long experience. Vigorously enjoin on them
166 10| pastors have diligently explored these and other relevant
167 7 | We desire its tenor to be expressed and inserted in this present
168 7 | done as though it had been expressly inserted word for word in
169 16| asserted that the hasty and extensive granting of these commissions
170 19| are to be given the same faith in the courts and outside
171 2 | carried away neither by fault or dishonesty nor by inexperience
172 6 | after the case is decided in favor of the other, is impeded
173 6 | entered upon by force or by fear, in either case without
174 8 | indissoluble. Nevertheless We feel that We must also set forth
175 18| it contains is to stand firm, valid and efficacious,
176 20| Major, under the Ring of the Fisherman, on May 18, 1743, in the
177 8 | reverence and piety which is fitting, and regard it as indissoluble.
178 11| days during the mass. This follows the prescriptions of the
179 6 | marriage was entered upon by force or by fear, in either case
180 6 | the necessary and usual formalities. Certainly it is clear that
181 | former
182 8 | feel that We must also set forth to you the distinguished
183 20| promised to those who have fought lawfully. Meanwhile as a
184 | found
185 6 | other, is impeded by these frauds and subterfuges. Finally
186 6 | either case without the free consent of one or the other
187 10| consent voluntarily and freely to marry. He must also strive
188 6 | subterfuges. Finally these frequent marriage dissolutions are
189 6 | times, and this happens more frequently, a marriage is annulled
190 18| to obtain its plenary and full effect, is to be observed
191 6 | and an open door to crime. Furthermore the canonical benefit of
192 4 | irregularities everywhere would with God's blessing be completely
193 3 | Selection of Good Judges~~3. Moreover it was
194 14| ministry. Do not let an easy goodwill remove the juridical presence
195 20| deserved abundance of heavenly grace, We lovingly impart the
196 12| ordinary of the place has granted the necessary permission.
197 16| the hasty and extensive granting of these commissions and
198 6 | dissolutions are not without the gravest offense and scandal to the
199 8 | They may now approach this great sacrament with that reverence
200 1 | Poland.~~Venerable Brothers, Greetings and Apostolic Blessing.~~
201 10| take care to question both groom and bride separately to
202 19| and imprints signed by the hand of any public notary and
203 3 | because such cases were handled by unqualified judges. In
204 3 | nearby bishops; if it should happen that this is not possible,
205 6 | also at times, and this happens more frequently, a marriage
206 14| scrupulously kept, since they can hardly be passed by without offending
207 10| either lacking or potentially harmful, they must suspend the banns
208 16| It is asserted that the hasty and extensive granting of
209 5 | Improper Customs in Poland~~5. Having thoroughly investigated
210 11| be revealed by those who hear the banns.~~
211 20| remember the eternal reward in heaven promised to those who have
212 20| richly deserved abundance of heavenly grace, We lovingly impart
213 4 | dared to appeal and was held for the payment of a sum
214 11| so that any impediment heretofore unknown may be revealed
215 | himself
216 7 | successors, except at the hour of death. Besides We declare
217 | however
218 2 | dishonesty nor by inexperience or ignorance, can safely pass sentence
219 11| Council under Pope Innocent III and those of the Council
220 13| at all an unbridled and immoderate authority over this matter,
221 20| heavenly grace, We lovingly impart the Apostolic Blessing to
222 13| so that if there are any impediments, they may more easily be
223 19| that all the copies and imprints signed by the hand of any
224 5 | Improper Customs in Poland~~5. Having
225 2 | justice rather than their own inclinations.~~
226 7 | before also incurs or will incur the same penalty of excommunication.
227 7 | We mentioned before also incurs or will incur the same penalty
228 | indeed
229 12| do not use this authority indiscriminately, both in dispensing with
230 8 | fitting, and regard it as indissoluble. Nevertheless We feel that
231 20| and exhort you to choose individual ministers and officials
232 16| Nuncio, who was excessively indulgent in this area. Whether truly
233 7 | to be null, invalid, and ineffectual, both now and for the future.
234 2 | fault or dishonesty nor by inexperience or ignorance, can safely
235 15| without due cause. It has inflamed lawsuits and loathing, and
236 7 | valid and obligatory, We inflict the penalty of excommunication
237 8 | this point sufficiently informs the faithful of the sanctity
238 1 | law, and threatens grave injury to the faithful. We warned
239 11| Lateran Council under Pope Innocent III and those of the Council
240 4 | litigants now reached. For instance one of them, after the ecclesiastical
241 | instead
242 4 | shudders because the judge instructed the appellant to make all
243 14| expend similar diligence and integrity in exercising their ministry.
244 17| want you to know that We intend to apply our authority to
245 5 | banns announcing a couple's intent to marry must appear on
246 14| they are observed by other interested parties.~~
247 7 | annul those pacts which interfere with the appeals process,
248 17| the Cardinals, who are the interpreters of the Council of Trent.
249 | into
250 7 | of marriages to be null, invalid, and ineffectual, both now
251 5 | Poland~~5. Having thoroughly investigated these matters, We have concluded
252 18| effect, is to be observed inviolate by all whom it concerns
253 1 | Courts of Poland. This abuse involves dissolution without due
254 5 | have concluded that the irregularity and confusion in Poland
255 20| to the Prince of pastors Jesus Christ for the flock entrusted
256 1 | popularly known as marriages of joint knowledge, has spread throughout
257 14| easy goodwill remove the juridical presence of the proper pastor,
258 2 | nullity of marriages, using justice rather than their own inclinations.~~
259 17| understand that We could justly and reasonably reserve the
260 14| offending and scandalizing many. Keep them yourselves, and see
261 14| banns are to be scrupulously kept, since they can hardly be
262 14| 14. This kind of episcopal concern and
263 4 | the appellant to make all kinds of payment.~~
264 1 | Archbishops and Bishops of the Kingdom of Poland.~~Venerable Brothers,
265 14| called in part to share your labors, expend similar diligence
266 10| these questionings either lacking or potentially harmful,
267 | last
268 11| the prescriptions of the Lateran Council under Pope Innocent
269 1 | or in violation of canon law, and threatens grave injury
270 20| to those who have fought lawfully. Meanwhile as a sign of
271 14| priests and other spiritual leaders, called in part to share
272 | least
273 17| the first process. But We leave to the bishops the first
274 6 | contracted with the necessary liberty and consent; when any such
275 14| for contracting marriage; likewise, do not grant another priest
276 3 | Cathedral church, make a list of suitable judges and send
277 4 | the agreements which the litigants now reached. For instance
278 17| in abolishing the former litigation concerning marriage and
279 15| has inflamed lawsuits and loathing, and cannot serve as a model
280 20| virtues, and commended by long experience. Vigorously enjoin
281 1 | Christian marriages, even long-stable ones, are now dissolved
282 1 | exhorted you in the name of the Lord to watch over the flock
283 20| abundance of heavenly grace, We lovingly impart the Apostolic Blessing
284 | made
285 20| And you yourselves must maintain your vigilance. Remember
286 20| Given at Rome, at St. Mary Major, under the Ring of the Fisherman,
287 5 | for the most part from the manner and custom by which marriages
288 20| Given at Rome, at St. Mary Major, under the Ring of
289 7 | certain knowledge and after mature deliberation, declare all
290 1 | that We were considering measures of redress and a suitable
291 7 | and further the pacts We mentioned before also incurs or will
292 | might
293 20| you to choose individual ministers and officials for your curias
294 15| loathing, and cannot serve as a model for further action. A pernicious
295 4 | the payment of a sum of money to the other (who acquiesced
296 | much
297 1 | and We exhorted you in the name of the Lord to watch over
298 10| impediment and, if so, what the nature of the impediment is; whether
299 3 | turned to the authority of nearby bishops; if it should happen
300 12| witness the marriage. Should necessity demand, they are not to
301 | neither
302 | none
303 | nor
304 15| custom does not establish a norm for action, but serves as
305 19| by the hand of any public notary and bearing the seal of
306 | nothing
307 4 | ecclesiastical judge had nullified the marriage, dared to appeal
308 7 | the pacts were approved by oath, and even if they were agreed
309 3 | Moreover it was alleged and objected that this sort of evil arose
310 7 | be considered valid and obligatory, We inflict the penalty
311 9 | 9. The pastor is obliged to witness in person the
312 10| banns and refer the possible obstacles to their own bishop, who
313 13| to deal with legitimate occasions that may arise. This authority
314 14| hardly be passed by without offending and scandalizing many. Keep
315 6 | not without the gravest offense and scandal to the upright.~~
316 20| individual ministers and officials for your curias who are
317 | once
318 1 | marriages, even long-stable ones, are now dissolved in the
319 6 | a source of evil and an open door to crime. Furthermore
320 4 | other (who acquiesced in the opinion). The soul also shudders
321 1 | of redress and a suitable opportunity to pursue this matter.~~
322 7 | concerns the procedure and order of the appeals from the
323 4 | there by which these saving ordinances could be eluded. The soul
324 19| faith in the courts and outside of them which would be given
325 20| for your curias who are outstanding in all the Christian virtues,
326 3 | of November 3, 1741 took pains to add that in appropriate
327 10| with the consent of the parents. After the pastors have
328 2 | or ignorance, can safely pass sentence on the validity
329 14| since they can hardly be passed by without offending and
330 14| us therefore follow this path. Direct your steps on to
331 1 | the Venerable Brothers, Patriarchs, Primates, and all Bishops
332 20| each one has many tasks to perform in his ministry. And you
333 12| dispense with the banns, or permit only one instead of three,
334 12| dispensing with the banns and in permitting any priest rather than the
335 8 | with that reverence and piety which is fitting, and regard
336 12| pastor or the ordinary of the place has granted the necessary
337 18| efficacious, and to obtain its plenary and full effect, is to be
338 8 | of matrimony up to this point sufficiently informs the
339 20| in the third year of our Pontificate.~~~ ~ ~
340 11| the Lateran Council under Pope Innocent III and those of
341 1 | of hidden marriages, more popularly known as marriages of joint
342 10| questionings either lacking or potentially harmful, they must suspend
343 13| if so many as three banns preceded, than let only one be made,
344 1 | 26 of the same year, We prescribed that the aforementioned
345 19| present letter if it were presented or displayed.~~
346 11| priests find nothing to prevent the banns from being announced
347 9 | legitimate and grave reason prevents him.~~
348 1 | Venerable Brothers, Patriarchs, Primates, and all Bishops on August
349 20| account to be rendered to the Prince of pastors Jesus Christ
350 13| But if at times there is a probable suspicion that a matrimony
351 7 | especially all that concerns the procedure and order of the appeals
352 3 | only then should another proficient and suitable judge be selected.~~
353 10| engaged and given a solemn promise to another, and whether
354 20| eternal reward in heaven promised to those who have fought
355 17| prescriptions of Apostolic providence and authority, We did not
356 1 | must be abrogated and the provisions of the sacred canons and
357 13| authority for reasons of prudence to deal with legitimate
358 19| signed by the hand of any public notary and bearing the seal
359 7 | your Brotherhood again to publish and disseminate the same
360 6 | contracted if it had not been purposefully concealed; also at times,
361 1 | suitable opportunity to pursue this matter.~~Hidden Marriages~~
362 10| himself must take care to question both groom and bride separately
363 10| they find anything in these questionings either lacking or potentially
364 5 | has been delegated to a randomly-selected priest, even without the
365 8 | and their annulment are rare.~~
366 4 | which the litigants now reached. For instance one of them,
367 12| three, or even none, to be read, if an urgent and legitimate
368 17| that We could justly and reasonably reserve the trials of matrimonial
369 13| matter, but an authority for reasons of prudence to deal with
370 13| so that in all cases they recall the words of the Council
371 | recent
372 1 | considering measures of redress and a suitable opportunity
373 10| must suspend the banns and refer the possible obstacles to
374 8 | piety which is fitting, and regard it as indissoluble. Nevertheless
375 14| episcopal concern and diligence regarding matrimony removes almost
376 10| explored these and other relevant matters, if they find anything
377 7 | and Excommunication~~7. To remedy this pernicious evil, We,
378 14| not let an easy goodwill remove the juridical presence of
379 14| diligence regarding matrimony removes almost all dissolutions
380 20| Remember the account to be rendered to the Prince of pastors
381 4 | eluded. The soul shudders to repeat the agreements which the
382 15| action, but serves as a reproach of evil deeds.~~
383 17| could justly and reasonably reserve the trials of matrimonial
384 20| 20. For the rest, We beseech and exhort you
385 16| other dispensation, We have restrained the authority of the present
386 1 | Christian world. Among the resulting irregularities is that hidden
387 11| heretofore unknown may be revealed by those who hear the banns.~~
388 8 | great sacrament with that reverence and piety which is fitting,
389 20| and remember the eternal reward in heaven promised to those
390 20| of your success, and of a richly deserved abundance of heavenly
391 20| St. Mary Major, under the Ring of the Fisherman, on May
392 20| your Brotherhood.~~Given at Rome, at St. Mary Major, under
393 8 | now approach this great sacrament with that reverence and
394 1 | and the provisions of the sacred canons and the decrees of
395 2 | inexperience or ignorance, can safely pass sentence on the validity
396 8 | Clergy~~8. What We have said on the subject of matrimony
397 8 | you the distinguished and salutary rules of other well-organized
398 8 | informs the faithful of the sanctity of marriage. They may now
399 4 | found there by which these saving ordinances could be eluded.
400 6 | the gravest offense and scandal to the upright.~~
401 14| by without offending and scandalizing many. Keep them yourselves,
402 14| nuptial banns are to be scrupulously kept, since they can hardly
403 19| public notary and bearing the seal of a person of an ecclesiastical
404 3 | proficient and suitable judge be selected.~~
405 3 | Selection of Good Judges~~3. Moreover
406 3 | list of suitable judges and send it to the Apostolic See.
407 10| question both groom and bride separately to determine whether they
408 17| concerning marriage and separation. You certainly understand
409 15| and loathing, and cannot serve as a model for further action.
410 15| establish a norm for action, but serves as a reproach of evil deeds.~~
411 14| leaders, called in part to share your labors, expend similar
412 12| watching vigilantly over their sheep know that matrimony is valid
413 20| lawfully. Meanwhile as a sign of your success, and of
414 19| the copies and imprints signed by the hand of any public
415 14| share your labors, expend similar diligence and integrity
416 | since
417 | some
418 10| another, and whether the sons and daughters contract with
419 4 | however, We learned with sorrow that new deceptions and
420 6 | marriages in Poland are a source of evil and an open door
421 14| parish priests and other spiritual leaders, called in part
422 1 | of joint knowledge, has spread throughout much of the Christian
423 20| Brotherhood.~~Given at Rome, at St. Mary Major, under the Ring
424 18| whatever it contains is to stand firm, valid and efficacious,
425 14| follow this path. Direct your steps on to the age-old, well-trodden
426 17| to more efficacious and stringent remedies for curing these
427 10| freely to marry. He must also strive to determine whether there
428 8 | What We have said on the subject of matrimony up to this
429 17| and authority, We did not succeed in abolishing the former
430 20| Meanwhile as a sign of your success, and of a richly deserved
431 11| banns are published on three successive feast days during the mass.
432 7 | except through Us and Our successors, except at the hour of death.
433 8 | matrimony up to this point sufficiently informs the faithful of
434 4 | held for the payment of a sum of money to the other (who
435 10| potentially harmful, they must suspend the banns and refer the
436 13| times there is a probable suspicion that a matrimony might be
437 20| them that each one has many tasks to perform in his ministry.
438 7 | letter, just as We desire its tenor to be expressed and inserted
439 13| clearly understand that theirs is not at all an unbridled
440 | themselves
441 20| on May 18, 1743, in the third year of our Pontificate.~~~ ~ ~
442 5 | Customs in Poland~~5. Having thoroughly investigated these matters,
443 1 | violation of canon law, and threatens grave injury to the faithful.
444 | through
445 | throughout
446 | thus
447 16| Apostolic See in Poland, at the time Nuncio, who was excessively
448 | together
449 3 | letter of November 3, 1741 took pains to add that in appropriate
450 14| witness a marriage for some trifling reason. The canonical laws
451 16| indulgent in this area. Whether truly or not, in virtue of the
452 3 | circumstances attention should be turned to the authority of nearby
453 13| presence of the pastor and two or three witnesses. Then
454 13| theirs is not at all an unbridled and immoderate authority
455 13| they may more easily be uncovered".~~
456 11| any impediment heretofore unknown may be revealed by those
457 3 | such cases were handled by unqualified judges. In another encyclical
458 7 | of the appeals from the unsuccessful defender of the marriage,
459 | up
460 6 | offense and scandal to the upright.~~
461 12| diligent care that they do not use this authority indiscriminately,
462 | used
463 | using
464 6 | without the necessary and usual formalities. Certainly it
465 | Very
466 20| yourselves must maintain your vigilance. Remember the account to
467 12| Witness~~12. Bishops watching vigilantly over their sheep know that
468 20| commended by long experience. Vigorously enjoin on them that each
469 1 | without due cause or in violation of canon law, and threatens
470 16| Whether truly or not, in virtue of the authority given him,
471 20| outstanding in all the Christian virtues, and commended by long experience.
472 10| determine whether they consent voluntarily and freely to marry. He
473 17| Remedies~~17. Therefore, We want you to know that We intend
474 1 | the name of the Lord to watch over the flock entrusted
475 12| as Witness~~12. Bishops watching vigilantly over their sheep
476 14| the age-old, well-trodden way, commended by the Council
477 2 | Besides all this, in Our well-known letter of November 3, 1741,
478 8 | salutary rules of other well-organized dioceses where lawsuits
479 14| steps on to the age-old, well-trodden way, commended by the Council
480 | when
481 | whom
482 13| pastor and two or three witnesses. Then before the marriage
483 13| all cases they recall the words of the Council of Trent: "
484 1 | throughout much of the Christian world. Among the resulting irregularities
485 13| that a matrimony might be wrongfully impeded if so many as three
|