Chapter
1 10| 10. In the fourth place We
2 11| 11. These are the chief things
3 11| Mary Major, November 1, 1745, the sixth year of Our Pontificate. ~ ~
4 2 | in our presence last July 18, the other last August 1;
5 2 | 2. We then ordered them to
6 3 | 3. Indeed they proved to be
7 5 | 5. Therefore We address these
8 6 | 6. Concerning the specific
9 7 | 7. First of all, show your
10 8 | 8. In the second place, some
11 9 | 9. In the third place, those
12 | about
13 2 | opinions recently spread abroad seemed to contradict the
14 3 | both open and hidden, is absent), restitution is obligated.
15 8 | eminent writers; then let them accept those views which they understand
16 10| contracts will differ in accordance with the varying nature
17 8 | Indeed clamorous outcries and accusations break the chain of Christian
18 1 | immediately, such an evil might acquire new force by delay and silence.
19 | actually
20 5 | 5. Therefore We address these encyclical letters
21 8 | free of usury. Let them not adhere too much to their private
22 5 | the above opinions must be adhered to strictly. Take great
23 9 | legitimate gain should be admonished to make a contract beforehand.
24 4 | conversant with the canons, whose advice We had asked for in this
25 1 | cities of Italy so far not affected. ~Therefore We decided to
26 1 | Italy that hardly seemed to agree with sound doctrine; We
27 6 | theologians and canonists lack agreement. Rekindle your zeal for
28 | almost
29 | along
30 | already
31 | among
32 3 | provide oneself with an annual income or to engage in legitimate
33 8 | Before they give their answer, let them consult a number
34 8 | do not hesitate to give answers to those questions which
35 9 | help to avoid concern and anxiety, but will also confirm the
36 3 | such people can be found anywhere-that together with loan contracts
37 9 | has been loaned without apparent interest, may actually contain
38 7 | assumes various forms and appearances in order that the faithful,
39 1 | As presiding officer, We appointed one with degrees in both
40 9 | of public business. This approach also closes the door on
41 4 | diligently. Because of this, We approve and confirm whatever is
42 9 | controversies-which have arisen more than once-since it
43 10| exists between gain which arises from money legally, and
44 2 | conclusions. We did not ask them to pass judgment on
45 3 | refuse to lend to him who asks you." In many circumstances,
46 2 | to consider carefully all aspects of the matter, meanwhile
47 8 | contrary opinion; nor let it be asserted that it must be severely
48 7 | Sacred Scriptures; that it assumes various forms and appearances
49 3 | in human contracts is to assure equality for each one. This
50 3 | he seeks may be lawfully attained. ~
51 1 | held valid) come to our attention, when several opinions began
52 2 | July 18, the other last August 1; then they submitted their
53 2 | they would need were not available. Rather We asked that they
54 | become
55 | beforehand
56 1 | attention, when several opinions began spreading in Italy that
57 | Besides
58 | beyond
59 7 | liberty and grace by the blood of Christ, may again be
60 3 | according to the commutative bond of justice; its function
61 3 | by arguing that the money borrowed is not left idle, but is
62 3 | condoned by arguing that the borrower is rich; nor even by arguing
63 8 | outcries and accusations break the chain of Christian love
64 | cannot
65 6 | which the theologians and canonists lack agreement. Rekindle
66 2 | ordered them to consider carefully all aspects of the matter,
67 3 | along with the loan, another category exists by means of which
68 3 | only the judgment of the Catholic Church on usury, but also
69 6 | specific contract which caused these new controversies,
70 8 | that it must be severely censured, particularly if it does
71 4 | to enjoin it. Besides, We certainly know the authors who hold
72 8 | and accusations break the chain of Christian love and give
73 11| 11. These are the chief things We wanted to say
74 3 | him who asks you." In many circumstances, no other true and just
75 1 | spread further, shaking those cities of Italy so far not affected. ~
76 8 | men of reputation. Indeed clamorous outcries and accusations
77 9 | more than once-since it clarifies whether the money, which
78 10| both courts. Thus, it is clearly invalid to suggest, on the
79 9 | business. This approach also closes the door on controversies-which
80 1 | contracts should be held valid) come to our attention, when several
81 11| you. We hope that you may command your faithful to observe
82 11| to you and to the flock committed to your care, We impart
83 3 | restitution according to the commutative bond of justice; its function
84 1 | for their knowledge and competence in theology and canon law.
85 2 | the Church's doctrine. All complied with these orders. They
86 9 | interest, may actually contain concealed usury. ~
87 9 | only greatly help to avoid concern and anxiety, but will also
88 6 | 6. Concerning the specific contract which
89 2 | were to write out their conclusions. We did not ask them to
90 7 | usury is most emphatically condemned in the Sacred Scriptures;
91 9 | they should explain the conditions and what gain they expect
92 3 | usurious. ~II. One cannot condone the sin of usury by arguing
93 3 | small; neither can it be condoned by arguing that the borrower
94 8 | which they understand to be confirmed by knowledge and authority.
95 4 | to this matter before the congregations were convened, while they
96 3 | therefore wishes to follow his conscience must first diligently inquire
97 6 | zeal for piety and your conscientiousness so that you may execute
98 3 | financial contract between consenting parties demands, by its
99 8 | those questions which demand considerable knowledge of sacred theology
100 1 | learned that all had known and considered it already. ~
101 3 | The law governing loans consists necessarily in the equality
102 9 | apparent interest, may actually contain concealed usury. ~
103 4 | and confirm whatever is contained in the opinions above, since
104 9 | free and untouched by the contamination of usury and to give their
105 3 | has given. Therefore he contends some gain is owed him beyond
106 3 | at all intrinsic to the contract-may run parallel with it. From
107 2 | spread abroad seemed to contradict the Church's doctrine. All
108 8 | illegal and usurious; in contrast to them, there are some
109 6 | contract which caused these new controversies, We decide nothing for the
110 9 | also closes the door on controversies-which have arisen more than once-since
111 4 | before the congregations were convened, while they were in session,
112 4 | theologians and the men most conversant with the canons, whose advice
113 3 | loan contracts, they might convince themselves that other just
114 2 | to the secretary of the convocation. ~
115 2 | opinions publicly in two convocations, the first of which was
116 3 | Thus if everything is done correctly and weighed in the scales
117 11| of doctrine should become corrupted in Italy. Finally, to you
118 4 | the authority of Church councils and the Fathers all seem
119 1 | civil law, who had lengthy court experience. We chose the
120 3 | fact that sometimes the creditor desires more than he has
121 7 | lest they be snatched by cupidity, the source of all evil;
122 5 | no one in your dioceses dares to write or preach the contrary;
123 4 | scriptural evidence, the decrees of previous popes, and the
124 4 | those who either support and defend those authors or at least
125 4 | its origin undertook the defense of the truth with wisdom
126 1 | officer, We appointed one with degrees in both canon and civil
127 1 | might acquire new force by delay and silence. If we neglected
128 3 | the contract. Nor is it denied that it is very often possible
129 3 | remarks, however, We do not deny that at times together with
130 8 | that they hold any profit derived from money to be illegal
131 3 | that sometimes the creditor desires more than he has given.
132 4 | their opinions. Also We devoted our private study to this
133 10| from these contracts will differ in accordance with the varying
134 10| contracts. Truly an obvious difference exists between gain which
135 3 | made. ~IV. There are many different contracts of this kind.
136 3 | someone, by means of contracts differing entirely from loans, to
137 10| the nature of one contract differs from the nature of another.
138 7 | money, let them exercise diligent care lest they be snatched
139 5 | care that no one in your dioceses dares to write or preach
140 8 | arise, when some contract is discussed, let no insults be hurled
141 8 | and authority. And if a dispute should arise, when some
142 11| undertake effective remedies if disturbances should be stirred up among
143 3 | the contrary We learn from divine Revelation that justice
144 2 | controversy since the many documents they would need were not
145 | does
146 | done
147 9 | approach also closes the door on controversies-which have
148 7 | of Christ, may again be driven headlong into ruin. Therefore,
149 3 | over and above the amount due on the contract. Nor is
150 1 | silence. If we neglected our duty, it might even spread further,
151 | each
152 10| removed from the truth! We can easily understand this if we consider
153 11| and that you may undertake effective remedies if disturbances
154 8 | them consult a number of eminent writers; then let them accept
155 7 | and vice of usury is most emphatically condemned in the Sacred
156 5 | Therefore We address these encyclical letters to all Italian Archbishops,
157 | end
158 3 | standard and a principle for engaging in commerce and fruitful
159 4 | the Fathers all seem to enjoin it. Besides, We certainly
160 8 | of the canons. But it is essential for these people, also,
161 2 | Rather We asked that they establish a fixed teaching on since
162 3 | once the equality has been established, whoever demands more than
163 3 | fortune, to purchase new estates, or to engage in business
164 | Everyone
165 | everything
166 4 | and Theology, scriptural evidence, the decrees of previous
167 3 | manner. If not observed exactly, reparation must be made. ~
168 3 | loaned, but any gain which exceeds the amount he gave is illicit
169 7 | them be guided by those who excel in doctrine and the glory
170 | except
171 3 | other legitimate titles or, excepting loan contracts, they might
172 3 | the gain is not great or excessive, but rather moderate or
173 6 | conscientiousness so that you may execute what We have given. ~
174 7 | invest their money, let them exercise diligent care lest they
175 10| In the fourth place We exhort you not to listen to those
176 3 | that other just contracts exist, for which it is permissible
177 9 | conditions and what gain they expect from their money. This will
178 1 | law, who had lengthy court experience. We chose the past July
179 9 | the contract they should explain the conditions and what
180 8 | and knowledge to such an extent that they do not hesitate
181 8 | these people, also, to avoid extremes, which are always evil.
182 3 | received. The sin rests on the fact that sometimes the creditor
183 1 | outstanding in both the faculty of theology and that of
184 3 | received over and above what is fair is a real injustice. Even
185 3 | Even though it may not fall under the precise rubric
186 10| money given to another. How false is this opinion and how
187 3 | consider this, that some will falsely and rashly persuade themselves-and
188 4 | Church councils and the Fathers all seem to enjoin it. Besides,
189 3 | many instances to help his fellows with a simple, plain loan.
190 3 | in a loan contract. This financial contract between consenting
191 2 | asked that they establish a fixed teaching on since the opinions
192 11| Finally, to you and to the flock committed to your care,
193 3 | that gainful commerce can flourish by usuries or other similar
194 3 | Whoever therefore wishes to follow his conscience must first
195 1 | an evil might acquire new force by delay and silence. If
196 7 | that it assumes various forms and appearances in order
197 3 | either to increase one's fortune, to purchase new estates,
198 | found
199 10| 10. In the fourth place We exhort you not
200 3 | engaging in commerce and fruitful business for the common
201 3 | commutative bond of justice; its function in human contracts is to
202 | further
203 3 | minds should not think that gainful commerce can flourish by
204 7 | excel in doctrine and the glory of virtue. ~
205 3 | business for the common good. Christian minds should
206 3 | business transactions. The law governing loans consists necessarily
207 7 | restored to liberty and grace by the blood of Christ,
208 9 | money. This will not only greatly help to avoid concern and
209 1 | Italy. ~Venerable Brothers, Greetings and Apostolic Benediction. ~
210 10| invalid to suggest, on the grounds that some gain is usually
211 7 | to this end, let them be guided by those who excel in doctrine
212 7 | Christ, may again be driven headlong into ruin. Therefore, if
213 8 | extent that they do not hesitate to give answers to those
214 3 | reciprocity, both open and hidden, is absent), restitution
215 | Himself
216 3 | these types of contracts honest gain may be made. ~IV. There
217 11| wanted to say to you. We hope that you may command your
218 8 | discussed, let no insults be hurled at those who hold the contrary
219 | I
220 3 | money borrowed is not left idle, but is spent usefully,
221 3 | is illicit and usurious. ~II. One cannot condone the
222 3 | reparation must be made. ~III. By these remarks, however,
223 8 | derived from money to be illegal and usurious; in contrast
224 3 | exceeds the amount he gave is illicit and usurious. ~II. One cannot
225 10| canon law, and gain which is illicitly obtained, and must therefore
226 1 | this. If We did not do so immediately, such an evil might acquire
227 11| committed to your care, We impart the Apostolic Benediction. ~
228 5 | subjected to the penalties imposed by the sacred canons on
229 3 | provide oneself with an annual income or to engage in legitimate
230 3 | spent usefully, either to increase one's fortune, to purchase
231 8 | them, there are some so indulgent and so remiss that they
232 3 | above what is fair is a real injustice. Even though it may not
233 3 | usuries or other similar injustices. On the contrary We learn
234 3 | conscience must first diligently inquire if, along with the loan,
235 8 | which are always evil. For instance, there are some who judge
236 3 | that man is obliged in many instances to help his fellows with
237 5 | held or sermons preached or instructions on sacred doctrine given,
238 8 | contract is discussed, let no insults be hurled at those who hold
239 | into
240 3 | titles-which are not at all intrinsic to the contract-may run
241 10| courts. Thus, it is clearly invalid to suggest, on the grounds
242 10| that the issue of usury is irrelevant in our times. ~
243 5 | encyclical letters to all Italian Archbishops, Bishops, and
244 3 | honest gain may be made. ~IV. There are many different
245 8 | instance, there are some who judge these matters with such
246 10| returned according to the judgments of both courts. Thus, it
247 9 | place, those who desire to keep themselves free and untouched
248 3 | different contracts of this kind. In these contracts, if
249 4 | it. Besides, We certainly know the authors who hold the
250 1 | We learned that all had known and considered it already. ~
251 3 | natural reason. Everyone knows that man is obliged in many
252 3 | the gain he seeks may be lawfully attained. ~
253 3 | injustices. On the contrary We learn from divine Revelation that
254 1 | of the whole business. We learned that all had known and considered
255 | least
256 3 | the money borrowed is not left idle, but is spent usefully,
257 10| which arises from money legally, and therefore can be upheld
258 3 | to spend and invest money legitimately either to provide oneself
259 3 | this: "Do not refuse to lend to him who asks you." In
260 1 | canon and civil law, who had lengthy court experience. We chose
261 10| usually received from money lent out, that the issue of usury
262 7 | them exercise diligent care lest they be snatched by cupidity,
263 7 | the faithful, restored to liberty and grace by the blood of
264 | like
265 10| place We exhort you not to listen to those who say that today
266 8 | break the chain of Christian love and give offense and scandal
267 3 | contracts, if equality is not maintained, whatever is received over
268 11| Given in Rome at St. Mary Major, November 1, 1745, the sixth
269 | makes
270 3 | reason. Everyone knows that man is obliged in many instances
271 5 | those who violate Apostolic mandates. ~
272 11| Benediction. ~Given in Rome at St. Mary Major, November 1, 1745,
273 | meanwhile
274 1 | the past July 4 for the meeting at which We explained the
275 1 | We chose some monks, some mendicants, and finally some from the
276 3 | they proved to be of one mind in their opinions. ~I. The
277 3 | the common good. Christian minds should not think that gainful
278 3 | however, makes nations miserable. ~V. But you must diligently
279 1 | canon law. We chose some monks, some mendicants, and finally
280 10| issue of usury is present in name only, since gain is almost
281 | namely
282 3 | also common human sense and natural reason. Everyone knows that
283 3 | governing loans consists necessarily in the equality of what
284 2 | many documents they would need were not available. Rather
285 1 | delay and silence. If we neglected our duty, it might even
286 4 | the theologians of regions neighboring those in which the controversy
287 | neither
288 | nothing
289 11| Rome at St. Mary Major, November 1, 1745, the sixth year
290 | now
291 5 | any one should refuse to obey, he should be subjected
292 3 | absent), restitution is obligated. Thus if everything is done
293 3 | Everyone knows that man is obliged in many instances to help
294 11| command your faithful to observe what these letters prescribe;
295 10| the contracts. Truly an obvious difference exists between
296 8 | Christian love and give offense and scandal to the people. ~
297 1 | regular clergy. As presiding officer, We appointed one with degrees
298 | often
299 | once
300 9 | controversies-which have arisen more than once-since it clarifies whether the
301 3 | legitimately either to provide oneself with an annual income or
302 3 | since all reciprocity, both open and hidden, is absent),
303 3 | think like this, he will oppose not only the judgment of
304 4 | the authors who hold the opposite opinions and also those
305 7 | forms and appearances in order that the faithful, restored
306 2 | 2. We then ordered them to consider carefully
307 2 | All complied with these orders. They gave their opinions
308 1 | Archbishops, Bishops and Ordinary Clergy of Italy. ~Venerable
309 8 | reputation. Indeed clamorous outcries and accusations break the
310 3 | he contends some gain is owed him beyond that which he
311 | own
312 3 | to the contract-may run parallel with it. From these other
313 8 | must be severely censured, particularly if it does not lack the
314 3 | contract between consenting parties demands, by its very nature,
315 2 | We did not ask them to pass judgment on the contract
316 1 | experience. We chose the past July 4 for the meeting at
317 1 | the Venerable Brothers, Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops and
318 5 | should be subjected to the penalties imposed by the sacred canons
319 3 | contracts exist, for which it is permissible to receive a moderate amount
320 3 | will falsely and rashly persuade themselves-and such people
321 7 | all, show your people with persuasive words that the sin and vice
322 6 | Rekindle your zeal for piety and your conscientiousness
323 3 | his fellows with a simple, plain loan. Christ Himself teaches
324 11| 1745, the sixth year of Our Pontificate. ~ ~
325 4 | the decrees of previous popes, and the authority of Church
326 5 | dioceses dares to write or preach the contrary; however if
327 5 | Synods are held or sermons preached or instructions on sacred
328 3 | it may not fall under the precise rubric of usury (since all
329 11| observe what these letters prescribe; and that you may undertake
330 2 | of which was held in our presence last July 18, the other
331 1 | from the regular clergy. As presiding officer, We appointed one
332 4 | evidence, the decrees of previous popes, and the authority
333 5 | Archbishops, Bishops, and priests to make all of you aware
334 3 | provide a standard and a principle for engaging in commerce
335 4 | opinions above, since the professors of Canon Law and Theology,
336 8 | severity that they hold any profit derived from money to be
337 3 | sin called usury has its proper place and origin in a loan
338 3 | 3. Indeed they proved to be of one mind in their
339 9 | contract in the realm of public business. This approach
340 2 | They gave their opinions publicly in two convocations, the
341 3 | increase one's fortune, to purchase new estates, or to engage
342 11| or if the simplicity and purity of doctrine should become
343 8 | to give answers to those questions which demand considerable
344 3 | Revelation that justice raises up nations; sin, however,
345 3 | that some will falsely and rashly persuade themselves-and
346 4 | they had been held; for We read the opinions of these outstanding
347 3 | above what is fair is a real injustice. Even though it
348 9 | confirm the contract in the realm of public business. This
349 3 | entirely just and legitimate reasons arise to demand something
350 3 | the loan. Therefore if one receives interest, he must make restitution
351 | recently
352 3 | rubric of usury (since all reciprocity, both open and hidden, is
353 4 | that the theologians of regions neighboring those in which
354 6 | canonists lack agreement. Rekindle your zeal for piety and
355 3 | be made. ~III. By these remarks, however, We do not deny
356 11| may undertake effective remedies if disturbances should be
357 1 | We decided that We must remedy this. If We did not do so
358 8 | some so indulgent and so remiss that they hold any gain
359 10| this opinion and how far removed from the truth! We can easily
360 1 | Holy Roman Church, who are renowned for their knowledge and
361 3 | If not observed exactly, reparation must be made. ~III. By these
362 8 | of reason and of men of reputation. Indeed clamorous outcries
363 7 | order that the faithful, restored to liberty and grace by
364 3 | he has received. The sin rests on the fact that sometimes
365 10| token, the things which result from these contracts will
366 3 | its very nature, that one return to another only as much
367 3 | contrary We learn from divine Revelation that justice raises up nations;
368 3 | arguing that the borrower is rich; nor even by arguing that
369 2 | the contract which gave rise to the controversy since
370 1 | the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, who are renowned
371 11| Apostolic Benediction. ~Given in Rome at St. Mary Major, November
372 3 | not fall under the precise rubric of usury (since all reciprocity,
373 7 | be driven headlong into ruin. Therefore, if they desire
374 3 | intrinsic to the contract-may run parallel with it. From these
375 3 | correctly and weighed in the scales of justice, these same legitimate
376 8 | love and give offense and scandal to the people. ~
377 4 | Canon Law and Theology, scriptural evidence, the decrees of
378 7 | condemned in the Sacred Scriptures; that it assumes various
379 2 | of the matter, meanwhile searching for a solution; after this
380 8 | 8. In the second place, some trust in their
381 2 | opinions in writing to the secretary of the convocation. ~
382 3 | means of which the gain he seeks may be lawfully attained. ~
383 3 | usury, but also common human sense and natural reason. Everyone
384 4 | had asked for in this most serious business, explained their
385 4 | the truth with wisdom and seriousness. ~
386 5 | Whenever Synods are held or sermons preached or instructions
387 4 | convened, while they were in session, and again after they had
388 | several
389 8 | asserted that it must be severely censured, particularly if
390 8 | these matters with such severity that they hold any profit
391 1 | might even spread further, shaking those cities of Italy so
392 | shall
393 7 | 7. First of all, show your people with persuasive
394 1 | acquire new force by delay and silence. If we neglected our duty,
395 3 | flourish by usuries or other similar injustices. On the contrary
396 3 | help his fellows with a simple, plain loan. Christ Himself
397 11| controversy over usury or if the simplicity and purity of doctrine should
398 11| Major, November 1, 1745, the sixth year of Our Pontificate. ~ ~
399 3 | but rather moderate or small; neither can it be condoned
400 7 | diligent care lest they be snatched by cupidity, the source
401 2 | meanwhile searching for a solution; after this consideration,
402 | someone
403 | something
404 | sometimes
405 1 | hardly seemed to agree with sound doctrine; We decided that
406 7 | snatched by cupidity, the source of all evil; to this end,
407 6 | 6. Concerning the specific contract which caused these
408 3 | entirely from loans, to spend and invest money legitimately
409 3 | is not left idle, but is spent usefully, either to increase
410 1 | when several opinions began spreading in Italy that hardly seemed
411 11| Benediction. ~Given in Rome at St. Mary Major, November 1,
412 3 | contracts suffice to provide a standard and a principle for engaging
413 11| if disturbances should be stirred up among your people because
414 8 | some trust in their own strength and knowledge to such an
415 5 | opinions must be adhered to strictly. Take great care that no
416 4 | Also We devoted our private study to this matter before the
417 5 | refuse to obey, he should be subjected to the penalties imposed
418 2 | last August 1; then they submitted their opinions in writing
419 3 | same legitimate contracts suffice to provide a standard and
420 10| it is clearly invalid to suggest, on the grounds that some
421 5 | these matters. Whenever Synods are held or sermons preached
422 5 | be adhered to strictly. Take great care that no one in
423 3 | plain loan. Christ Himself teaches this: "Do not refuse to
424 2 | that they establish a fixed teaching on since the opinions recently
425 3 | more than that violates the terms of the loan. Therefore if
426 3 | falsely and rashly persuade themselves-and such people can be found
427 9 | 9. In the third place, those who desire
428 | though
429 3 | loan contract certain other titles-which are not at all intrinsic
430 10| listen to those who say that today the issue of usury is present
431 10| of another. By the same token, the things which result
432 | too
433 3 | to engage in legitimate trade and business. From these
434 3 | or to engage in business transactions. The law governing loans
435 3 | circumstances, no other true and just contract may be
436 10| nature of the contracts. Truly an obvious difference exists
437 8 | In the second place, some trust in their own strength and
438 2 | their opinions publicly in two convocations, the first
439 3 | and business. From these types of contracts honest gain
440 | under
441 11| prescribe; and that you may undertake effective remedies if disturbances
442 4 | controversy had its origin undertook the defense of the truth
443 9 | keep themselves free and untouched by the contamination of
444 10| legally, and therefore can be upheld in the courts of both civil
445 | upon
446 3 | left idle, but is spent usefully, either to increase one'
447 10| grounds that some gain is usually received from money lent
448 3 | commerce can flourish by usuries or other similar injustices.
449 3 | makes nations miserable. ~V. But you must diligently
450 1 | contracts should be held valid) come to our attention,
451 7 | Scriptures; that it assumes various forms and appearances in
452 10| differ in accordance with the varying nature of the contracts.
453 7 | persuasive words that the sin and vice of usury is most emphatically
454 8 | then let them accept those views which they understand to
455 5 | sacred canons on those who violate Apostolic mandates. ~
456 3 | whoever demands more than that violates the terms of the loan. Therefore
457 7 | doctrine and the glory of virtue. ~
458 11| are the chief things We wanted to say to you. We hope that
459 | was
460 3 | everything is done correctly and weighed in the scales of justice,
461 8 | that they hold any gain whatsoever to be free of usury. Let
462 | Whenever
463 | while
464 | whole
465 | whose
466 4 | defense of the truth with wisdom and seriousness. ~
467 3 | loan. Whoever therefore wishes to follow his conscience
468 | without
469 7 | your people with persuasive words that the sin and vice of
470 | would
471 8 | consult a number of eminent writers; then let them accept those
472 2 | submitted their opinions in writing to the secretary of the
473 11| November 1, 1745, the sixth year of Our Pontificate. ~ ~
474 6 | agreement. Rekindle your zeal for piety and your conscientiousness
|