26-north | noted-zogra
Chapter
1 1| own soul? (Matthew XVI, 26). The affairs of this world
2 3| our kind’ (Extensive Rules 3, I-P.G. xxxi, 947). According
3 3| in Egypt by Pachomius (d. 346). As well as administration
4 2| was Antony the Great (d. 356), whose life was written
5 1| purity (I Corinthians vii, 36 ff.). Many widows avoided
6 3| Basil the Great the (d. 378), bishop of Caesarea. He
7 4| founded by Alexander about 430, received its name from
8 5| embodied in laws (Nearai, 5,i.67,i). ~ The vices which
9 5| embodied in laws (Nearai, 5,i.67,i). ~ The vices which threaten
10 5| Sayings of the Fathers,721). In any case, the element
11 5| Ascetic Discourse, P.G., xxxi, 877). ~ The twenty-four hours
12 3| Extensive Rules 3, I-P.G. xxxi, 947). According to this teaching,
13 4| the “Holy Mountain”. In 963, the emperor Nicephoros
14 1| During the fourth century A.D. there appeared within the
15 2| established a permanent abode there, far from the society
16 2| Henceforth the mountains became abodes of hermits, and gradually
17 2| Christian Gospel. There was an absence, in the first place, of
18 4| Until a few decades ago, access to some of these monasteries
19 3| in organized groups, in accordance with the social nature of
20 1| the goods of this world accumulate around it, choking it and
21 2| longer period. They became so accustomed to living there that they
22 4| of effort were needed to achieve this. The movement began,
23 2| could lead to arbitrary actions and did not embrace all
24 5| called in earlier times active (praktikoi). But beyond
25 2| the more reverence and admiration they evoked in the common
26 5| action. Celibacy did not admit of degree, but was absolute.
27 1| but some of them wanted to advance to greater austerity, depriving
28 3| isolation. But the main advantage of this system was that
29 2| who frequently sought his advice by letter. But especially
30 4| has a council of elders to advise him. Nine, for the most
31 | afterwards
32 4| rock. Until a few decades ago, access to some of these
33 5| their means of support, to aid their fellow-men, and to
34 4| Ones, which was founded by Alexander about 430, received its
35 2| seventy years, and went to Alexandria only when occasion demanded;
36 4| spread of monasticism there, Alexius Comnenus placed all the
37 3| to receive their meager allowance of food. The stylites dwelt
38 3| control. Thus monks were allowed to acquire private property,
39 | always
40 4| the Latin monastery of the Amalfitans. Thus, the Holy Mountain
41 2| region of Gaza, Palestine; Ammonius at Nitria, and Macarius
42 2| ascetics knew about it. Each anchorite organized his own prayer,
43 2| his example. Five thousand anchorites occupied the desert of Nitria
44 4| net. Of the twenty-four ancient monasteries of that region
45 5| vividly illustrated an by an anecdote in which an abba, wishing
46 1| beyond men will live like angels. For this reason, those
47 5| gluttony, fornication, avarice, anger, sorrow, despondency, vanity
48 4| each monastery, elected annually, is sent to Karyes, where
49 3| strict mode of life became apparent during the Middle Ages,
50 1| To interpret the sudden appearance of this movement historians
51 4| Constantinople. At first he was appointed for life, and lived at Karyes,
52 2| personalities, who undertook the appropriate reform: Hilarion in the
53 4| Athos was installed after approval had been obtained from the
54 4| is, from the time of the Arab conquest; but it never disappeared
55 2| isolation could lead to arbitrary actions and did not embrace
56 4| conquest influenced their architectural construction. The monasteries
57 5| three alone. In subjequent aretology, other vices, together with
58 4| Orthodox, the Copts, Jacobites, Armenians, and Nestorians also have
59 2| letter. But especially he aroused the zeal of many simple
60 5| The products of monastic art and handicraft have always
61 2| chiefly of making straw artifacts, which they sold at country
62 3| composed his famous work, Ascetica, which was to become the
63 4| By way of Cappadocia and Asia Minor, monasticism reached
64 5| progress of his spiritual son, asked him if he saw the horns-which
65 3| characteristic of our nature as to associate with one another and to
66 3| monks living together and associating with one another. A communal
67 3| traveled about displaying their assumed madness for the sake of
68 1| his lower self, which is attached to worldly things, and develop
69 1| time. It turned its whole attention to the center of life and
70 4| of the Christian faith, attracted the interest of ascetics
71 1| wanted to advance to greater austerity, depriving themselves of
72 2| exercised a certain degree of authority over the hermits. Further,
73 5| gluttony, fornication, avarice, anger, sorrow, despondency,
74 5| their fellow-men, and to avoid evil thoughts, which invade
75 5| direction took the form of avoiding babbling and remaining silent
76 1| hard struggle therefore awaits man if he is to liberate
77 5| took the form of avoiding babbling and remaining silent whenever
78 3| his honour, the name of Basileias. From the very beginning,
79 3| rendered it much harder to bear. For this reason a tendency
80 5| were non-existent- of a beast of burden which was passing
81 | becomes
82 5| especially before going to bed, provide the monk with powerful
83 5| be seen in our day. The Bedouins who live near the monastery
84 5| dear; ~ Choose the one that befits you.” ~ Silence has been
85 5| of the perfect, ~ Action belongs to the many. ~ Both are
86 3| whole group of socially beneficial institutions, which later
87 | beside
88 | besides
89 2| suffering. Instead of the “blood of martyrdrom”, which had
90 4| constitute the executive body, the committee of overseers,
91 1| him capable of standing boldly before God. In this struggle,
92 1| in which Christianity was born; yet the monastic life appeared
93 4| suburbs on both sides of the Bosporus became flourishing organizations,
94 5| Silence was inseparably bound up with Christian ascesis.
95 5| Sinai never make their own bread, but are given it free by
96 5| became crystallized in the brief prayer of Jesus, repeated
97 5| given its name to the last brilliant period of Byzantine mystical
98 4| East the monastic life was brought to the West, as early as
99 4| Serbian; that of Zographos, Bulgarian; that of Panteleimon, Russian.
100 5| non-existent- of a beast of burden which was passing by; and
101 5| preserved in copies which came from monastic workshops. ~
102 1| self, which will render him capable of standing boldly before
103 4| monasteries. ~ By way of Cappadocia and Asia Minor, monasticism
104 5| their paintings and wood carvings. Also, works of classical
105 5| the Fathers,721). In any case, the element of silence,
106 4| Mountain became a symbol of the catholicity and unity of Orthodoxy;
107 4| Long foreign occupation caused many fluctuations in the
108 5| quiet through which the causes of passion are removed.
109 2| hatred. The persecutions ceased, but the centuries persecution
110 4| Epiros, Meteora became a celebrated monastic center. Impressive
111 5| and independent action. Celibacy did not admit of degree,
112 4| there is a “katholikon”, or central church, with chapels around
113 4| the eastern Church and the champion of its independence of state
114 4| or central church, with chapels around the sides. ~ Long
115 3| For there is nothing so characteristic of our nature as to associate
116 2| work. Their work consisted chiefly of making straw artifacts,
117 1| world accumulate around it, choking it and preventing it from
118 5| Both are good and dear; ~ Choose the one that befits you.” ~
119 4| These played a large part in Christianizing and civilizing the peoples
120 5| remaining silent whenever circumstances called for it. Abba Poimen
121 1| avoided it; some sought to circumvent it by replacing it with
122 4| part in Christianizing and civilizing the peoples of northern
123 5| carvings. Also, works of classical and Christian literature
124 4| monasteries were built above steep cliffs, looking from a distance
125 1| reaction was provoked by the closer contact of Christianity
126 2| his own prayer, shelter, clothing, food and work. Their work
127 3| establish there philanthropic coenobia. Basil himself returned
128 4| number, by Theodosius the Coenobiarch, Savvas the Sanctified,
129 3| fathers of orphans”. ~ The coenobium could be regarded as the
130 5| formulation of this vow coincided with the foundation of the
131 3| another standpoint it is a combination of the eremitic and the
132 5| have described above, and combined the struggle to free themselves
133 5| was never sufficient for comfortable living. Finally, obedience,
134 3| many years in their cells, communicating with the outer world only
135 4| monasticism there, Alexius Comnenus placed all the establishments
136 3| of his family. There be composed his famous work, Ascetica,
137 5| external stimuli, may interrupt concentration on the object of prayer.
138 5| abba, was a significant concern of the monks. The selfish,
139 5| has been an indispensable condition for the ascetic in his pursuit
140 4| became through his heroic conduct an exemplar for all monks. ~
141 3| taking extreme forms. The confirmed shut themselves up for many
142 5| from monastic workshops. ~ Connected with their work were the
143 2| themselves to the “martyrdrom of conscience”, which consisted in the
144 5| thoughts, which invade man’s consciousness particularly when he is
145 3| and this resulted in the constitution of the idiorrythmic life.
146 4| embrasures. The cells are constructed on top of the fortress wall,
147 4| influenced their architectural construction. The monasteries are built
148 1| was provoked by the closer contact of Christianity with the
149 3| idiorrythmic life. The “contemplatives”, that is, those dedicated
150 5| They live in a state of continual illumination of the vision
151 4| monasteries still remain and continue to function throughout Greece,
152 5| monastic life in the East, in contrast to developments in the West.
153 5| contemplative” tendency has contributed to the neglect of the social
154 5| monks is dominated by that converse with God; “the whole life
155 5| literature have been preserved in copies which came from monastic
156 4| besides the Orthodox, the Copts, Jacobites, Armenians, and
157 1| lived together in purity (I Corinthians vii, 36 ff.). Many widows
158 4| interest of ascetics from all corners of the Empire, of the Latins
159 5| pride. The passions which correspond to these thoughts must be
160 4| elected for life and has a council of elders to advise him.
161 4| them. In the middle of the courtyard there is a “katholikon”,
162 4| Syriac, Massalians. They were criticized by the Church for certain
163 4| renown, and innumerable crowds of people sought their counsel. ~ ~
164 5| mental prayer, which became crystallized in the brief prayer of Jesus,
165 2| communal life, independence was curbed to some extent; and moreover,
166 5| Without it, monasticism was in danger of deviating in the direction
167 3| ascesis in seclusion: it is dangerous for them to live in complete
168 2| that one of them died and days passed before the order
169 5| to these thoughts must be deadened and a state of passionlessness
170 4| monastic commonwealth. He dealt only with the general external
171 5| many. ~ Both are good and dear; ~ Choose the one that befits
172 4| as it was by the life and death of the founder of the Christian
173 1| struggle, as Jesus Christ declared, man will have to submit
174 4| Greece, but with an ever decreasing number of monks. ~ From
175 4| Nicephoros Phocas issued a decree, granting to the monk Athanasius
176 3| contemplatives”, that is, those dedicated to the contemplation of
177 4| regions monasticism was definitely destroyed during the period
178 5| metahistorical, the experience of deification (theosis) becomes possible
179 5| quality and are still in great demand, especially their paintings
180 2| Alexandria only when occasion demanded; that is, when he heard
181 2| did not embrace all the demands of the Christian Gospel.
182 1| advance to greater austerity, depriving themselves of more goods
183 3| monks should return from the deserts to cities, and establish
184 5| developments in the West. Despite the attempts which have
185 5| avarice, anger, sorrow, despondency, vanity and pride. The passions
186 4| During the years of the Despotate of Epiros, Meteora became
187 4| monasticism was definitely destroyed during the period of Turkish
188 5| they were determined to detach themselves from many worldly
189 5| to the desert, they were determined to detach themselves from
190 1| attached to worldly things, and develop his higher, ideal self,
191 1| it and preventing it from developing into an integrated personality.
192 5| the East, in contrast to developments in the West. Despite the
193 5| monasticism was in danger of deviating in the direction of the
194 4| by the Church for certain deviations. At the same time, the milder,
195 3| it possible for women to devote themselves to ascesis in
196 5| have already observed, this devotion to philanthropy was first
197 2| happened that one of them died and days passed before the
198 4| They sought to abolish all differences between the sexes, and avoided
199 5| the vision of Him. This differentiation of the activities of monks
200 5| can only be described with difficulty. They live in a state of
201 4| Iviron, Hilandari, and Dionysiou. Each group takes it in
202 5| theoria), the striving for direct communion with God and the
203 2| hermits, and secondly of the directing of their activity towards
204 1| appeared well after the disappearance of the Essence communities.
205 4| Arab conquest; but it never disappeared completely. Today, besides
206 5| which was seen by Christ’s disciples on Mount Tabor, the light
207 3| monks sought a relaxation of discipline. At the idiorrhythmic monasteries
208 5| prayer” (Basil, Ascetic Discourse, P.G., xxxi, 877). ~ The
209 1| possible historically to discover a link between oriental
210 3| Christ’s sake traveled about displaying their assumed madness for
211 5| prayer, as a product of the disposition of the heart, need not be
212 1| to the center of life and disregarded the periphery. One thing
213 1| philosophy or as a society dissolving force, nevertheless it was
214 4| Among these, Mount Athos was distinguished from the tenth century onwards,
215 1| rigorous examination. He must divorce himself from many earthly
216 5| and the scriptural and doctrinal basis of monasticism was
217 | does
218 4| avoided work. Because of the dominant position which they gave
219 5| whole life of the monks is dominated by that converse with God; “
220 5| reality. ~ The one-sided domination of the “contemplative” tendency
221 | done
222 3| lived in groups in spacious dormitories. It could be said that under
223 2| fourth century, when the duration of the persecutions was
224 4| internally self-governing. ~ The dwelling places of the mountain are
225 3| allowance of food. The stylites dwelt on half-destroyed pillars.
226 4| looking from a distance like eagles’ nests; and many small hermitages
227 5| gynaecological, and the eye and ear infirmary. Remnants of this
228 2| were suffering. His fame eared him the esteem of Constantine
229 1| divorce himself from many earthly goods in order to acquire
230 3| not. Although at first it eased the yoke of the ascetics,
231 3| system monasticism became easier through the monks living
232 4| influenced the course of ecclesiastical and sometimes of political
233 4| chief monastic center of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and is unique
234 4| world; but many years of effort were needed to achieve this.
235 5| with these, constitute the eight mortal thoughts: gluttony,
236 5| day are divided into three eight-hour periods: one for prayer,
237 4| Sergios became famous. The elder ascetics of Russia, the
238 2| visit Antony or some other elderly monk, an abba. It sometimes
239 4| life and has a council of elders to advise him. Nine, for
240 4| monastic commonwealth. ~ Eleven of the monasteries of the
241 | else
242 5| sealed by Justinian and embodied in laws (Nearai, 5,i.67,
243 2| arbitrary actions and did not embrace all the demands of the Christian
244 4| fortresses, with towers and embrasures. The cells are constructed
245 4| Holy Mountain”. In 963, the emperor Nicephoros Phocas issued
246 5| later received greater emphasis because of its connexion
247 5| a need for action to be emphasized once more, and for monasteries
248 2| persecutions, in order to encourage those who were suffering.
249 | end
250 5| become worthy of visions and enjoy spiritual experience which
251 4| of Russia, the starsti, enjoyed great renown, and innumerable
252 5| a threefold purpose: to ensure their means of support,
253 1| although Christianity did not enter the world either as a pessimistic
254 1| avoided marriage, and virgins entirely refused to marry. These
255 4| hymnographer and theologian Ephraim the Syrian also made successful
256 4| years of the Despotate of Epiros, Meteora became a celebrated
257 3| is a combination of the eremitic and the communal patterns
258 3| the centuries. Within the eremitical tradition there appeared
259 1| the ascetic groups of the Essene sect, whose environment
260 5| But even here poverty was essentially maintained, for the property
261 3| the deserts to cities, and establish there philanthropic coenobia.
262 3| solitude for some time at his estate at Pontus, with members
263 2| His fame eared him the esteem of Constantine the Great,
264 4| prayer, they were called Euchites, or, in the Syriac, Massalians.
265 4| the peoples of northern Europe. Monasticism was also transmitted,
266 4| Savvas the Sanctified, and Euthymius the Great. ~ Ascetics appeared
267 5| one and the same spiritual event, fused together into one
268 | every
269 | everything
270 2| of the Church. ~ It was evident that absolute isolation
271 2| reverence and admiration they evoked in the common people. ~
272 1| his activities to rigorous examination. He must divorce himself
273 2| The leader of the lavra examined the cells from time to time
274 3| which could not, however, exceed certain limits. From one
275 5| handicraft have always been of exceptional quality and are still in
276 1| ordered their lives on an exceptionally high moral plane; but some
277 3| Hermits are to be found almost exclusively on the furthest points of
278 4| representatives, four constitute the executive body, the committee of overseers,
279 4| through his heroic conduct an exemplar for all monks. ~ In these
280 4| group takes it in turns to exercise administrative for one year
281 2| cells from time to time and exercised a certain degree of authority
282 5| of the heart, need not be expressed vocally, inasmuch as such
283 5| vocally, inasmuch as such expression, by producing external stimuli,
284 3| need one to love our kind’ (Extensive Rules 3, I-P.G. xxxi, 947).
285 3| variations, sometimes taking extreme forms. The confirmed shut
286 5| gynaecological, and the eye and ear infirmary. Remnants
287 5| spiritual silence, the spiritual eyes of “contemplative” monks
288 4| received its name from the fact that the monks praised God
289 4| founder of the Christian faith, attracted the interest
290 2| who were suffering. His fame eared him the esteem of
291 3| Pontus, with members of his family. There be composed his famous
292 2| a permanent abode there, far from the society of the
293 1| greater self-restraint, fasting, and prayer. For the Christian
294 1| various hypotheses, the most favoured of which are two. According
295 1| monasticism did not have certain features in common with the Essence
296 2| activity towards serving their fellow men. This was early perceived
297 5| of support, to aid their fellow-men, and to avoid evil thoughts,
298 2| terminated a struggle with ferocious men, they submitted themselves
299 | few
300 1| purity (I Corinthians vii, 36 ff.). Many widows avoided marriage,
301 4| likewise founded in the fifth century, by the Roman patrician
302 3| could be regarded as the final form of monasticism, but
303 5| for comfortable living. Finally, obedience, either to an
304 1| into special societies, firstly for their own protection,
305 2| moreover, an element of flexibility became possible in ascesis.
306 4| sides of the Bosporus became flourishing organizations, and through
307 4| foreign occupation caused many fluctuations in the power and vigour
308 3| pillars. Those who became “fools” for Christ’s sake traveled
309 1| as a society dissolving force, nevertheless it was governed
310 2| severe that many of them were forced to withdraw from the cities.
311 4| around the sides. ~ Long foreign occupation caused many fluctuations
312 4| monasticism had already been formed, however, in Greece. Among
313 | formerly
314 3| sometimes taking extreme forms. The confirmed shut themselves
315 5| which they are tonsured. The formulation of this vow coincided with
316 5| mortal thoughts: gluttony, fornication, avarice, anger, sorrow,
317 4| constructed on top of the fortress wall, three, and even six
318 4| are built like powerful fortresses, with towers and embrasures.
319 1| movement historians have put forward various hypotheses, the
320 5| monastic life on the older foundations, especially on the rule
321 4| the life and death of the founder of the Christian faith,
322 4| done towards the end of the fourteenth century. ~ The Protos of
323 1| which developed within the framework of organized Christian community. ~ ~
324 2| Constantine the Great, who frequently sought his advice by letter.
325 4| Ierissos. But understandably friction occurred between him and
326 2| hermit life was not under the full control of the Church. ~
327 3| almost exclusively on the furthest points of the peninsula
328 5| the same spiritual event, fused together into one supra-temporal
329 5| God. Through a paradoxical fusion of the historical with the
330 3| Extensive Rules 3, I-P.G. xxxi, 947). According to
331 1| man profited, if he shall gain the whole world and lose
332 4| men and women, the latter garbed like men. They sought to
333 2| hermits. Further, the latter gathered together for common prayer
334 3| period. He recommended the gathering of monks together in organized
335 4| dominant position which they gave to prayer, they were called
336 2| Hilarion in the region of Gaza, Palestine; Ammonius at
337 4| The geographic spread of monasticism~ Today
338 4| now Greek, was formerly Georgian (Iberian). Until the thirteenth
339 5| the eight mortal thoughts: gluttony, fornication, avarice, anger,
340 5| self-censure, especially before going to bed, provide the monk
341 2| demands of the Christian Gospel. There was an absence, in
342 2| became abodes of hermits, and gradually of organized communities
343 4| Phocas issued a decree, granting to the monk Athanasius the
344 4| of Iviron, which is now Greek, was formerly Georgian (
345 1| desert, a movement which grew ever larger during the subsequent
346 4| Monasticism began to lose ground in these three countries
347 5| time a monastery without a guest house, hospital and school
348 5| sections: medical, surgical, gynaecological, and the eye and ear infirmary.
349 3| food. The stylites dwelt on half-destroyed pillars. Those who became “
350 5| products of monastic art and handicraft have always been of exceptional
351 3| direction of these was in the hands of monks, who were called “
352 2| monk, an abba. It sometimes happened that one of them died and
353 1| integrated personality. A hard struggle therefore awaits
354 3| later it rendered it much harder to bear. For this reason
355 2| world which was torn by hatred. The persecutions ceased,
356 5| Abba Poimen is quoted as having said: “Whoever talks for
357 4| five groups of four, each headed by one of the strongest
358 2| they could neither see nor hear one another. In this communal
359 2| demanded; that is, when he heard of persecutions, in order
360 5| of the disposition of the heart, need not be expressed vocally,
361 1| in order to acquire the heavenly treasure, and submit to
362 | hence
363 4| eagles’ nests; and many small hermitages were hewn out of the rock.
364 4| century, became through his heroic conduct an exemplar for
365 5| and he replied without hesitation, “Yes, I see them, abba”. ~
366 5| Byzantine mystical theology: hesychasm. ~ Silence was inseparably
367 5| Tabor, the light which the hesychats see today, and the luminous
368 4| many small hermitages were hewn out of the rock. Until a
369 1| lives on an exceptionally high moral plane; but some of
370 2| the appropriate reform: Hilarion in the region of Gaza, Palestine;
371 1| appearance of this movement historians have put forward various
372 5| paradoxical fusion of the historical with the metahistorical,
373 1| it has not been possible historically to discover a link between
374 1| the Christian marriage is honorable, a great sacrament, but
375 3| which later received, in his honour, the name of Basileias.
376 5| asked him if he saw the horns-which were non-existent- of a
377 5| whatsoever receive free hospitality. ~ The monks who occupied
378 5| reminiscent of present-day hospitals. It was divided into four
379 5| 877). ~ The twenty-four hours of the monk’s day are divided
380 5| monastery without a guest house, hospital and school was
381 3| madness for the sake of humility. ~ All four survive to the
382 4| established there, about five hundred in number, by Theodosius
383 4| reached Syria. The great hymnographer and theologian Ephraim the
384 1| have put forward various hypotheses, the most favoured of which
385 3| kind’ (Extensive Rules 3, I-P.G. xxxi, 947). According
386 4| was formerly Georgian (Iberian). Until the thirteenth century
387 1| and develop his higher, ideal self, which will render
388 5| particularly when he is idle. The products of monastic
389 5| in a state of continual illumination of the vision of light,
390 5| will. This point is vividly illustrated an by an anecdote in which
391 2| of many simple men, who imitated his example. Five thousand
392 1| The affairs of this world impede the movements of the soul,
393 4| have seen, in Egypt, where important monastic centers, with thousands
394 1| themselves of more goods and imposing upon themselves greater
395 5| not be expressed vocally, inasmuch as such expression, by producing
396 5| prayer of Jesus, repeated incessantly. ~ Surrounded by absolute,
397 4| impressive and serene. The increase of piratical raids after
398 | Indeed
399 5| Silence has been an indispensable condition for the ascetic
400 2| work, was regulated by each individual for himself. ~ ~
401 1| with the world, and the inevitable decline of moral standards. ~
402 5| gynaecological, and the eye and ear infirmary. Remnants of this philanthropic
403 1| influenced in this way, the influence should have come from the
404 4| which has the administrative initiative is the chief overseer. Each
405 4| enjoyed great renown, and innumerable crowds of people sought
406 2| persecution had become an inseparable element in the life of Christians,
407 5| hesychasm. ~ Silence was inseparably bound up with Christian
408 2| whose life was written with insight and love by Athanasius the
409 1| which the whole world is insignificant. “For what is a man profited,
410 4| The Protos of Athos was installed after approval had been
411 | Instead
412 1| sacrament, but it is an institution of this world, while in
413 3| group of socially beneficial institutions, which later received, in
414 1| from developing into an integrated personality. A hard struggle
415 5| which threaten the moral integrity of the ascetic are not these
416 5| were limited in scope and intensity. Without neglecting “contemplation”,
417 4| Christian faith, attracted the interest of ascetics from all corners
418 3| there appeared strange and interesting variations, sometimes taking
419 4| the monasteries remained internally self-governing. ~ The dwelling
420 1| the subsequent period. To interpret the sudden appearance of
421 5| producing external stimuli, may interrupt concentration on the object
422 4| its independence of state intervention. Theodore the Studite, who
423 5| avoid evil thoughts, which invade man’s consciousness particularly
424 4| emperor Nicephoros Phocas issued a decree, granting to the
425 4| the Orthodox, the Copts, Jacobites, Armenians, and Nestorians
426 4| the Empire, of the Latins Jerome and Rufinus became renowned.
427 5| with inner prayer. It was judged that prayer, as a product
428 4| the courtyard there is a “katholikon”, or central church, with
429 4| overseer. Each overseer keeps one-fourth of the seal of
430 3| monasticism. ~ These four kinds of monasticism henceforth
431 2| before the order ascetics knew about it. Each anchorite
432 2| common people. ~ The first known hermit was Paul of Thebaid,
433 5| is a higher stage in the ladder of monastic perfection:
434 4| establishments. Today the land of this self-governing region
435 4| organized. These played a large part in Christianizing and
436 | last
437 4| thirteenth century there was the Latin monastery of the Amalfitans.
438 4| corners of the Empire, of the Latins Jerome and Rufinus became
439 5| Justinian and embodied in laws (Nearai, 5,i.67,i). ~ The
440 2| absolute isolation could lead to arbitrary actions and
441 4| peoples. The Russian monastic leaders Antony and Sergios became
442 | less
443 1| therefore awaits man if he is to liberate himself from his lower self,
444 5| because these attempts were limited in scope and intensity.
445 1| historically to discover a link between oriental asceticism
446 4| became the center of the liturgical development of the eastern
447 1| Christians ordered their lives on an exceptionally high
448 4| chapels around the sides. ~ Long foreign occupation caused
449 2| in the open country for a longer period. They became so accustomed
450 4| built above steep cliffs, looking from a distance like eagles’
451 1| liberate himself from his lower self, which is attached
452 5| hesychats see today, and the luminous quality of the world to
453 2| Ammonius at Nitria, and Macarius at Sketis, in Egypt. All
454 3| displaying their assumed madness for the sake of humility. ~
455 3| complete isolation. But the main advantage of this system
456 5| poverty was essentially maintained, for the property of the
457 | make
458 2| work consisted chiefly of making straw artifacts, which they
459 5| the organized society of mankind. ~ ~ ~
460 5| physicians, organized in a manner reminiscent of present-day
461 2| men made the chief country market-place , where the hermits sold
462 1| virgins entirely refused to marry. These women organized themselves
463 1| and lose his own soul? (Matthew XVI, 26). The affairs of
464 3| letter, and to receive their meager allowance of food. The stylites
465 1| This, of course, does not mean that in its later stages
466 5| purpose: to ensure their means of support, to aid their
467 5| perfection. By silence is meant inner quiet and the related
468 5| divided into four sections: medical, surgical, gynaecological,
469 4| Community, a kind of parliament, meets. The monasteries are divided
470 3| his estate at Pontus, with members of his family. There be
471 5| way there resulted inner, mental prayer, which became crystallized
472 5| a simple example we may mention that the monastery of Pantocrator
473 5| the historical with the metahistorical, the experience of deification (
474 | might
475 4| deviations. At the same time, the milder, organized form of monasticism
476 4| way of Cappadocia and Asia Minor, monasticism reached the
477 5| the neglect of the social mission of the monastic life in
478 3| tendency towards a less strict mode of life became apparent
479 5| however, there occurred the modification which we have noted above
480 5| these, constitute the eight mortal thoughts: gluttony, fornication,
481 | mostly
482 1| of this world impede the movements of the soul, and the goods
483 5| brilliant period of Byzantine mystical theology: hesychasm. ~ Silence
484 5| Justinian and embodied in laws (Nearai, 5,i.67,i). ~ The vices
485 4| for this reason it became necessary to abolish the jurisdiction
486 5| tendency has contributed to the neglect of the social mission of
487 5| scope and intensity. Without neglecting “contemplation”, to which
488 | neither
489 1| common with the Essence and Neo-Pythagorean communities. The second
490 4| Jacobites, Armenians, and Nestorians also have monasteries. ~
491 4| a distance like eagles’ nests; and many small hermitages
492 4| possible only by windlass and net. Of the twenty-four ancient
493 | nevertheless
494 4| Mountain”. In 963, the emperor Nicephoros Phocas issued a decree,
495 4| throughout the entire day and night, being divided into three
496 | Nine
497 4| at the beginning of the ninth century, became through
498 5| saw the horns-which were non-existent- of a beast of burden which
499 | nor
500 4| Christianity, to the countries north of Greece: to the Slavs,
501 4| civilizing the peoples of northern Europe. Monasticism was
|