102-exige | exist-prosp | prote-york
bold = Main text
Chapter, Paragraph grey = Comment text
1001 II,2 | the earth, which the law protected in many ways. The Ten Commandments
1002 I,2 | have thus adopted policies protecting domestic industrial production
1003 I,6 | in order to suppress the protests of workers who are forced
1004 I,3 | recent decades, but have proved a deep disappointment, except
1005 III,1 | situations of dire need provoke it,(49) it is always an
1006 Intro (3)| luz del Concilio, 1968), Puebla (La Evangelización en el
1007 Intro (3)| don de Dios - Derecho del pueblo (30 March 1986); Episcopal
1008 III,10 | developing countries to pursue policies that will cause
1009 III,8 | giving them the means for pursuing the development of their
1010 III,3 | since it allows for the pursuit of three essential aims:
1011 III,1 | that it stems the migratory push to the cities and the movement
1012 I,4 | their own consumption, thus putting farming families at considerable
1013 II (27) | Summa theologiae, II-II, q. 66, art. 7.~
1014 II (39) | Pius XI, Encyclical Letter Quadragesimo Anno, 1931, no. 49.~
1015 Intro | capable of producing huge quantities of wealth, but also has
1016 Pre | Reform is to increase and quicken awareness of the dramatic
1017 I,2 | modernize their economies as quickly as possible by basing themselves
1018 II (33) | on 31 January 1985; at Quito, Ecuador, on 30 January
1019 II,7 | delayed: "In many situations radical and urgent changes are therefore
1020 III,1 | A developing agriculture raises farmers' incomes, increases
1021 I,9 | operations. This results in a raking in of smaller properties,
1022 I,14 | way for forms of extensive ranching or mining activities or
1023 II,12 | providing the broadest possible range of knowledge and technical
1024 I,9 | properties, swelling both the ranks of the landless and the
1025 I,2 | unjustified belief that rapid industrialization can bring
1026 I,3 | simple distribution and re-allocation of land.~Failure can be
1027 Pre | political fields, that will re-establish the right of the poor and
1028 I,4 | trends in product prices nor reach the quality required for
1029 III,1 | a series of actions and reactions that can get out of hand,
1030 II,7 | that the greatest possible realisation of agricultural productive
1031 III,9 | cases, this commitment is realised with the development of
1032 II,1 | account, work is for the realization of the person.~
1033 II (41) | should exert every effort to realize one or the other, as far
1034 I,1 | of land in large holdings really started to develop in the
1035 II,2 | 23-25), the call not to reap right to the edges of the
1036 III,4 | obtaining modern inputs at reasonable prices.~The beneficiaries
1037 Conclu | deeper understanding and reasoned application of the guidelines
1038 Conclu | of the sins of the past, "recalling those times in history when [
1039 II (46) | besides wages, the worker receives "various social benefits
1040 | recently
1041 II (33) | subject of agrarian reform: at Recife, Brazil, on 7 July 1980;
1042 III,8 | to lay down criteria for recognizing the lands they occupied
1043 III,8 | various ways: to protect and reconstruct the natural resources and
1044 I,4 | companies), allowing them to recoup fixed investments in a relatively
1045 III,4 | such farmers is, therefore, recourse to the informal credit sector,
1046 II,3 | or a relative) who can redeem it at any time. In any case,
1047 Conclu | intercession of Mary, Mother of our Redeemer, and the Star who is a sure
1048 Intro | cited, they are constantly referred to. They constitute an extremely
1049 II,5 | with universal application, referring to every human being. It
1050 I,1 | particularly relevant to our own reflections to note that, in areas that
1051 Intro (3)| terra e pela vita a CPT e a reforma agrária hoje (Goiânia, 1
1052 II,5 | destination of goods.~As regards property, the social teaching
1053 Intro | concentrated in latifundia in regions where it is not fairly distributed;~–
1054 I,8 | administrative institutions as land registers often make it even harder
1055 I,14 | plans for environmental rehabilitation are either non-existent
1056 Conclu | creating the conditions for rejoicing in the salvation to which
1057 III,7 | their worst problems are related to the marketing of their
1058 II,3 | property of the owner (or a relative) who can redeem it at any
1059 I,1 | region. It is particularly relevant to our own reflections to
1060 III,4 | credit institutions are reluctant to grant them. The only
1061 I,1 | tenants and settlers farm the remaining land, which is often of
1062 II (47) | their rights, their union remains a constructive factor of
1063 III,5 | availability of simple, inexpensive remedies are vital in order to reduce
1064 Pre | Holy Father John Paul II in remembrance of our only Saviour, Jesus
1065 Pre | considers it a pressing duty to remind all, above all those with
1066 II,5 | society to be constantly reminded of the principles of justice,
1067 III,4 | Removal of Obstacles Preventing
1068 Conclu | incapable of change and renewal. While social relations
1069 III,3 | is often the problem of reorganizing users and of adopting mechanisms
1070 II,7 | the voice of the Church, repeat to you with me: It is not
1071 II,7 | social teaching of the Church repeats several times that the greatest
1072 I,6 | many Church leaders.~The representatives of the public authorities
1073 III,1 | deprive their condemnation and repression of land occupation of any
1074 Pre | guidance in answer to a twofold request: that of the poor themselves
1075 Intro | Justice and Peace draws on the requests of many local Churches that
1076 III,3 | suited to small farms, the requirement of the latter to intensify
1077 III,10 | problems.~59. Agrarian reform requires those organizations responsible
1078 II (37) | XIII, Encyclical letter Rerum Novarum, 1891, no. 30.~
1079 III,4 | inputs, and therefore have to resort to loans. However, the high
1080 III,3 | correct distribution of this resource so as to avoid misuse.~
1081 II,1 | and not just a few, are responsibile for creation. In Egypt and
1082 Pre | with political and economic responsibilities, to undertake appropriate
1083 III,10 | requires those organizations responsible for promoting international
1084 II,3 | which must be allowed to rest for a year during Jubilee
1085 III,8 | exactly how their use is to be restored to them, guaranteeing effective
1086 III,8 | dealing with the problem of restoring land traditionally occupied
1087 I,3 | societies, which has often resulted in a bias in favour of a
1088 II,9 | family sufficient earning, to retain possession of the farm,
1089 Conclu | for Justice and Peace~Most Rev. François-Xavier Nguyen
1090 I,14 | degradation that is hard to reverse.(15) Soil degradation and
1091 II,6 | labour, especially when it is rewarded with wages or other forms
1092 Intro (3)| Episcopal Conference of Costa Rica, Madre Tierra. Carta pastoral
1093 I,9 | holdings of large landowners, richer farmers or local traders.~
1094 Intro (3)| American Bishops held in Rio de Janeiro (1955), Medellin (
1095 III,10 | of exports brings about rises in certain costs of agricultural
1096 I,14 | water-tables, siltation of rivers and lakes, and other environmental
1097 Conclu | Jesus Christ, Universal King~Roger Card. Etchegaray ~President
1098 I (14) | November 1996, L'Ossservatore Romano, English ed., 20 November
1099 III,1 | contrary to the values and rules of a truly civil social
1100 I,3 | of land to members of the ruling classes; and secondly, the
1101 II,3 | year during Jubilee and sabbatical years.~The basis for these
1102 II,4 | on the path indicated by Sacred Scripture, the Church has
1103 II,11 | associations in order to safeguard their rights;(47) the right
1104 II (45) | centres and complexes must be safeguarded, keeping in mind what has
1105 III,1 | urbanization and the level of salaries.~Increased agricultural
1106 II,3 | houses can be sold, but this sale is simply a transfer of
1107 III,7 | produce. In most cases, sales are controlled by a few
1108 Conclu | conditions for rejoicing in the salvation to which they are called
1109 II,4 | goes against God's will and salvific plan, inasmuch as it deprives
1110 Intro (3)| campesinos y indígenas (San José, 2 August 1994); Episcopal
1111 Intro (3)| América Latina, 1979) and Santo Domingo (Nueva evangelización,
1112 II (33) | 1990; at Aterro do Bacanga, São Luís, Brazil, on 14 October
1113 III,10 | income distribution and the satisfaction of families' basic needs.~
1114 II,6 | be increased in order to satisfy the growing food needs of
1115 II,12 | various possible ways of satisfying the needs of those for whom
1116 Pre | remembrance of our only Saviour, Jesus Christ, is a challenging
1117 II,2 | while his contemporary Micah says: "They covet fields, and
1118 I,3 | agrarian reforms is the scant attention paid to the history
1119 I,11 | quantity and quality in the school system in these areas mean
1120 II,12 | knowledge and technical and scientific skills on the various educational
1121 II,4 | path indicated by Sacred Scripture, the Church has developed
1122 III,5 | extension of education to secondary and higher levels for both
1123 I,3 | the ruling classes; and secondly, the presence of important
1124 Conclu | and Peace~Diarmuid Martin~Secretary Pontifical Council for Justice
1125 II (47) | needs that people unite to secure their rights, their union
1126 II,3 | and economic planes, and seeks to affirm or defend three
1127 | seem
1128 II,8 | social teaching of the Church sees agrarian reform as an instrument
1129 II,2 | They covet fields, and seize them; and houses, and take
1130 III,2 | of life and capacity for self-development, and consequently respect
1131 III,1 | waste, which tend to be self-perpetuating and to increase.~In the
1132 II (34) | Pius XII, Radio Message (1 September 1944), no. 13; Second Vatican
1133 II,2 | with the peasants as his servants and property, while in Babylonia
1134 II,1 | creation, so that it will serve them and remain at the disposition
1135 II,5 | needed in order to live sets a limit on the right of
1136 I,1 | small owners, tenants and settlers farm the remaining land,
1137 III,6 | are widely marginalised by severe forms of economic and social
1138 II,2 | of property explains the severity of the Bible's moral judgment
1139 II,6 | it causes a particularly shameful lack of human solidarity,
1140 Conclu | the Lord, so that they can share in the intimate life of
1141 II,6 | generations and at the same time a sharer in building the future of
1142 II,8 | farms of family size, of shares in middle-size and large
1143 III,8 | innovation — tend gradually to shift to individual ownership
1144 III,2 | programme must certainly have short-term objectives so that it can
1145 II,1 | its entirety which must shoulder responsibility for creation.~
1146 III,6 | family usually falls on their shoulders.(50)~Despite this, they
1147 I,4 | farmers, who are often on the sidelines of the land market, being
1148 Conclu | the special and essential significance of justice in the biblical
1149 Intro | an extremely valuable and significant contribution, and are often
1150 I,14 | lowering of water-tables, siltation of rivers and lakes, and
1151 I,11 | their rights and duties.~Similarly, the scarcity and poor quality
1152 I,12 | pegging is a result of the simultaneous rise in supply and fall
1153 II,6 | Gen 2:15; Wis 9:2-3). Such sinful disobedience has a very
1154 Intro (3)| Carta pastoral sobre la situación de los campesinos y indígenas (
1155 I,14 | structurally fragile areas such as slopes, and further eroding the
1156 I,9 | results in a raking in of smaller properties, swelling both
1157 II,9 | latifundia as the expression of a socially irresponsible use of the
1158 I,10 | and especially with local socio-economic conditions. In such cases,
1159 II,5 | complex situations of major socio-ethical importance, such as the
1160 III (50) | countries, see: FAO, Overall Socio-Political and Economic Environment
1161 II,1 | created them" (Gen 1:27). Solemn words describe the task
1162 Conclu | Rome, 23rd November 1997~Solemnity of Our Lord Jesus Christ,
1163 Intro | latifundia,(2) calling for a solution and indicating the spirit
1164 III,8 | reform not only helps to solve the problem of latifundia,
1165 | something
1166 Pre | all and to each one of his sons and daughters.~
1167 I,2 | developing countries have sought to modernize their economies
1168 Intro (3)| Asunción, 12 June 1983); South Andean Bishops, La tierra,
1169 Conclu | most squalid and painful spectacles — that of the shared responsibility,
1170 II,5 | person a highly necessary sphere for the exercise of his
1171 III,10 | directly touches on the spheres of competence and responsibility
1172 II (19) | Pentecost 1941, Pius XII spoke of the right to material
1173 I,13 | process that increases and spreads poverty.(13) Whenever this
1174 Intro | problems of land ownership and spurs them to take the necessary
1175 Conclu | of all on one of the most squalid and painful spectacles —
1176 II,5 | doctrine was expounded by St Thomas Aquinas,(27) and
1177 III,9 | care to provide support and stability to the family as the subject
1178 Conclu | of our Redeemer, and the Star who is a sure guide for
1179 I,1 | in large holdings really started to develop in the second
1180 III,2 | infrastructures that allow for a steady improvement in agricultural
1181 III,5 | income, and a consequent stemming of the rural exodus.~The
1182 III,1 | this development is that it stems the migratory push to the
1183 II,5 | and the suppression or stifling of "the fundamental manifestations
1184 III,10 | up their own intervention strategies, because of its negative
1185 Conclu | cherished possession — gives us strength and throws light on our
1186 III,1 | service sector, and also strengthens the purchasing power of
1187 I,8 | facto owners. They are often stripped of their land because it
1188 I,14 | land, therefore occupying structurally fragile areas such as slopes,
1189 I,10 | training,(12) that is the study and development of new and
1190 II (24) | right to private property is subordinated to the right to common use,
1191 II,6 | takes the principle of the subordination of private property to the
1192 I,3 | of corruption, political subservience and collusion, leading to
1193 I,3 | sector as it moves from a subsistence phase to one of integration
1194 I,4 | engage in a predominantly subsistence-style farming using traditional
1195 III,1 | development programmes draw substantial benefits, in fact, from
1196 III,6 | reform programmes are to be successful, it is vital to ensure women
1197 II,6 | will come after him in the succession of history": John Paul II,
1198 I,14 | circle when small farmers suffer expropriation by major landowners
1199 I,2 | well-being, even if agriculture suffers in the process.~They have
1200 II,9 | life should be,"(40) it suggests that family-owned and farmed
1201 II (27) | Cf. Summa theologiae, II-II, q. 66,
1202 III,9 | implementation, financial management, supervision and evaluation of programmes
1203 I,6 | climate of terror in order to suppress the protests of workers
1204 II (19) | right cannot be in any way suppressed, even by other certain and
1205 II,5 | social discontent, and the suppression or stifling of "the fundamental
1206 II,5 | receive a portion necessary to sustain life; or, again, cases of
1207 I,12 | policies giving rise to and sustaining them are the source of serious
1208 I,9 | in of smaller properties, swelling both the ranks of the landless
1209 III,8 | decisive component of the systematic and co-ordinated plan of
1210 I,6 | living expenses. Similar tactics have been used in order
1211 II,9 | for the most part, but can tap into the external labour
1212 I,2 | agriculture, policies of taxing exports of farm produce,
1213 III,3 | especially vital in order to teach farmers how to join forces
1214 II (47) | The experience of history teaches that ... even if it is because
1215 III,10 | and of the inadequacy of technico-administrative assistance services for
1216 III,8 | use of modern inputs and technological innovation — tend gradually
1217 Intro (3)| temas de interés nacional (Tegucigalpa, 28 August 1995). The National
1218 III,3 | demands for energy, roads, telecommunications and irrigation water. The
1219 II,1 | first page of the Bible tells of the creation of the world
1220 Intro (3)| Honduras, Mensaje sobre algunos temas de interés nacional (Tegucigalpa,
1221 II,5 | the guidance of justice tempered by charity .... We must
1222 II,2 | protected in many ways. The Ten Commandments state: "You
1223 I,1 | numbers of very small owners, tenants and settlers farm the remaining
1224 I,3 | Two more factors have also tended to seriously destabilise
1225 Intro (3)| agrarian reform: Manifesto pela terra e pela vita a CPT e a reforma
1226 III,9 | population, development and territory that concern them;~d) adoption
1227 I,6 | to establish a climate of terror in order to suppress the
1228 II,2 | of land. However, the Old Testament insists that the earth is
1229 II,1 | whereas in the biblical text, dominion belongs to the
1230 Conclu | addressing a great prayer of thanksgiving and praise to God.~Let us
1231 II (27) | Cf. Summa theologiae, II-II, q. 66, art. 7.~
1232 II,1 | air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth" (
1233 II,5 | doctrine was expounded by St Thomas Aquinas,(27) and it helps
1234 Conclu | gives us strength and throws light on our difficult path.(55)~
1235 Conclu | François-Xavier Nguyen Van Thuan~Vice-President Pontifical
1236 I,7 | both recognition of land titles and in relation to the credit
1237 II,6 | creating an environment for tomorrow which may well be intolerable.
1238 I,11 | people do not receive the tools for developing their personal
1239 I,9 | lead to the partial or even total loss of their land — for
1240 III,10 | agrarian reform directly touches on the spheres of competence
1241 I,3 | to the granting of huge tracts of land to members of the
1242 I,12 | land market through normal trading operations;~b) a reduction
1243 II,6 | State institutions, which trample every acquired right — sometimes
1244 II,3 | but this sale is simply a transfer of rights of use and does
1245 II,3 | time. In any case, such transferred properties return to the
1246 II,1 | gift and blessing, not to transform it into an instrument of
1247 Intro (3)| La Iglesia en la actual transformación de América Latina a la luz
1248 II,3 | 25).(17) This institution translates God's lordship directly
1249 II (39) | private property and its transmission by inheritance, and cannot "
1250 I,11 | difficult, deficiencies in transport systems tend to reduce considerably
1251 I,6 | often do not cover their travel and living expenses. Similar
1252 Intro | after day with the problems treated here.~Numerous statements
1253 Conclu | counter-witness and scandal."(53)~In treating the subject of an equitable
1254 III,8 | land and benefitting from treatment equal to that received by
1255 II,2 | on picking the fruit of a tree during its first four years (
1256 I,4 | neither keep abreast of trends in product prices nor reach
1257 II,2 | be shared among all the tribes, clans and families. Man
1258 Conclu | acquiescence in evil, which is a troubling sign of spiritual and moral
1259 I,1 | often characterized by a two-tier form of distribution, with
1260 Pre | guidance in answer to a twofold request: that of the poor
1261 Pre | characterized by countless unacceptable injustices, the Pontifical
1262 I (12) | There is more or less unanimous agreement on the very negative
1263 II,1 | the type of despotic and unbridled domination that takes no
1264 Conclu | locked into an increasingly uncertain and precarious present.~
1265 II,5 | property is not, however, unconditional, according to the magisterium
1266 I,6 | conflict, social injustice and uncontrolled forms of violence.~The landowning
1267 III,2 | struggle against poverty and under-development will not be won.~The commitment
1268 Intro (2)| land are also generally under-utilised.~
1269 III (52) | ownership should not be underestimated, especially in the case
1270 II,4 | cause of conflicts that undermine the very life of society,
1271 Conclu | difficult path.(55)~A deeper understanding and reasoned application
1272 II (24) | contrary, it has always understood this right within the broader
1273 Pre | economic responsibilities, to undertake appropriate agrarian reforms
1274 II (19) | even by other certain and undisputed rights over material goods":
1275 I (13) | Cf. UNDP, World Human Development
1276 II (45) | has a duty to "act against unemployment, which in all cases is an
1277 I,4 | families at considerable risk. Unfavourable climatic or market conditions
1278 I (5) | populations, often in relatively unfertile areas, far from markets
1279 I,5 | of every value and as the unifying factor that nourishes their
1280 II (47) | secure their rights, their union remains a constructive factor
1281 II (47) | their work needs that people unite to secure their rights,
1282 I,2 | the most part on the often unjustified belief that rapid industrialization
1283 | unlike
1284 II,7 | classes which sometimes keep unproductive lands that hide the bread
1285 III,8 | ownership — a form of ownership unsuited to the use of modern inputs
1286 II (24) | this right as absolute and untouchable. On the contrary, it has
1287 I (14) | Pontifical Council Cor Unum, World Hunger, A Challenge
1288 II (35) | because they are extensive, unused or poorly used, or because
1289 II,6 | forms of payment that are unworthy of human dignity.~Unjust
1290 III,9 | level:~a) completion and updating of the juridical framework
1291 II,5 | goods of the earth, it also upholds the natural right to individual
1292 | upon
1293 I,13 | Whenever this process has the upper hand and there is no social
1294 III,3 | problem of reorganizing users and of adopting mechanisms
1295 II (29) | however, when it is not utilized or when it serves to impede
1296 III,1 | always an act contrary to the values and rules of a truly civil
1297 Conclu | François-Xavier Nguyen Van Thuan~Vice-President Pontifical
1298 III,1 | occupation is a complex and varied phenomenon, but even when
1299 I,1 | process of land concentration vary from region to region. It
1300 II,5 | may take as a result of varying institutional and juridical
1301 III,4 | forms of association of the ventures born of the reform in view
1302 III,10 | traditional crops less financially viable.~However, this series of
1303 Intro (3)| February 1988); Apostolic Vicariate of Darien, Panama, Tierra
1304 Conclu | François-Xavier Nguyen Van Thuan~Vice-President Pontifical Council for Justice
1305 II (16) | The account of Naboth's vineyard is emblematic here (cf.
1306 II,2 | possession, for this would violate a divine right, and even
1307 II (39) | duties of ownership if this violates the natural right to private
1308 Conclu | too many of them in the violation of fundamental human rights.(54)~
1309 Intro (3)| Manifesto pela terra e pela vita a CPT e a reforma agrária
1310 Conclu | disturbing cultural and political void which makes people incapable
1311 III,6 | their work, reduce their vulnerability to changes in technology,
1312 I,5 | be dispossessed without warning whenever the old or new
1313 III,1 | term, it causes poverty and waste, which tend to be self-perpetuating
1314 I,14 | of flooding, lowering of water-tables, siltation of rivers and
1315 II,6 | solidarity, striking the weakest and future generations.(30)
1316 I,6 | are guaranteed impunity by weaknesses in the administration of
1317 | whereby
1318 II,6 | be intolerable. This is a wide-ranging social problem which concerns
1319 III,6 | Despite this, they are widely marginalised by severe forms
1320 II,8 | Promoting a Wider Distribution of Private
1321 II,6 | creation (cf. Gen 2:15; Wis 9:2-3). Such sinful disobedience
1322 III,1 | an act of great political wisdom.~It represents the only
1323 II,2 | condemnation of such abuses: "Woe to those who join house
1324 II,1 | of his subjects.~Man and woman must care for creation,
1325 III,2 | under-development will not be won.~The commitment to ensuring
1326 III,8 | of the population.~In a word, the agrarian reform must
1327 II (21) | over by making them his workbench. He takes them over through
1328 II (46) | just if, besides wages, the worker receives "various social
1329 I,13 | democratic development. All this works to the detriment of agriculture
1330 I,13 | criminality are growing worse.~Constant pressure is put
1331 III,7 | expensive. However, their worst problems are related to
1332 II (39) | to impoverish it": Pius XI, Encyclical Letter Quadragesimo
1333 II (37) | ensure private property": Leo XIII, Encyclical letter Rerum
1334 | yet
1335 I (13) | Development Report 1990, New York.~
|