World hunger: Index of footnotes

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World hunger
IntraText CT - Index of footnotes

INTRODUCTION
  1: ) 5 When drafting this document, particular care has been taken to draw on a wide range of recent [...]
  2: ) Cf. United Nations (UN), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted and proclaimed by the Un[...]
  3: ) United Nations, Declaration on Social Progress and Development, proclaimed by the General Assembl[...]
  4: ) United Nations, World Food Conference, Rome, 16 November 1974, No. 1.
  5: ) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organisation (WHO)[...]
  6: ) Cf. ibid., No. 1. Cf. also FAO, Dimensions of Need: An Atlas of Food and Agriculture, Rome, 1995,[...]
  7: ) Cf. FAO, World Agriculture: Towards 2010, Rome, 1993, p. 1.
  8: ) Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes (1965), No. 40: "...[...]
  9: ) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes (1965), No. 69.
  10: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo rei socialis (1987), No. 41: AAS 80 (1988), p. 570. [...]
  11: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo rei socialis (1987): AAS 80 (1988), p. 558. Cf. a[...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
The challenge of hunger
12: ) Cf. FAO, Dimensions of Need: An Atlas of Food and Agriculture, Rome, 1995, p. 16. Cf. also Footno[...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
Malnutrition jeopardises the present and the future of a population
13: ) Cf. Berg, A., Malnutrition: What can be done? Lesson from World Bank Experience, The John Hopkins[...]
14: ) According to FAO and WHO surveys, the minimum daily calorie intake should be about 2,100, while [...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
Chief victims: the most vulnerable populations
15: ) Cf. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Preparatory document for the Sec[...]
16: ) FAO and WHO, Final Report of the International Nutrition Conference, World Declaration on Nutrit[...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
Hunger generates hunger
17: ) Cf. World Bank, Poverty and Hunger, 1986. This document describes the degrees of food insecurity [...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
A) ECONOMIC CAUSES
Root causes
18: ) Cf. World Bank, Poverty and Hunger, 1986.
19: ) The term "mis-developing countries", which covers a wider sphere than the economy alone, is appl[...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
A) ECONOMIC CAUSES
Structural adjustment programmes
20: ) As a general result of better policies and better implementation, Asia's performance has been mor[...]
21: ) Cutbacks have had to be made in education in some countries. It should be remembered that in many[...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
B) SOCIO-CULTURAL CAUSES
Demography
  22: ) Cf. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), The State of World Population 1993, New York, 1993. C[...]
  23: ) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Human Development Report 1990, Oxford Universi[...]
  24: ) Cf. Böckle, F., et al., Armut und Bevolkerungs-entwicklung in der Dritten Welt, Herausgegeben vo[...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
B) SOCIO-CULTURAL CAUSES
The implications
  25: ) Cf. Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Population and Resources. Report, Vatican City, 1993. (The st[...]
  26: ) Cf. Pontifical Council for the Family, Ethical and Pastoral Dimensions of Population Trends, Vat[...]
  27: ) John Paul II, Address to the delegates attending the Week of Study on "Population and Resources"[...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
C) POLITICAL CAUSES
The influence of politics
28: ) Cf. FAO and WHO, Final Report of the International Conference on Nutrition, World Declaration on [...]

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
D) THE EARTH CAN FEED ALL ITS INHABITANTS
The great progress made by humanity
  29: ) Cf. FAO, World Agriculture: Towards 2010, Rome, 1993, No. 2 § 13.
  30: ) UNDP, World Human Development Report 1990, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990, p. 18.
  31: ) FAO and WHO, Final Report of the International Conference on Nutrition, World Declaration on Nut[...]
  32: ) Ibid.

I THE REALITY OF HUNGER
D) THE EARTH CAN FEED ALL ITS INHABITANTS
Agri-food markets
33: ) Argentina is one of the leading wheat and beef exporting countries. It is, therefore, not a mis-d[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Ethical dimension of the problem
34: ) Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, Geoffrey Chapman, 1994, § 1906 in which the definition of [...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Love of our neighbour in order to achieve development
35: ) John Paul II, Address at the Headquarters of West African Economic Community (CEAO), Ouagadougou,[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Social justice and the universal destination of goods
36: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus annus (1991), No. 31: AAS 83 (1991), p. 831.

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Costly abuse of the common good: the "structures of sin"
  37: ) Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Reconciliatio et paenitentia (1984), No. 16: AAS 77 (198[...]
  38: ) The manufacture of chemical weapons, which have no positive fall-out and are only used to attack [...]
  39: ) Cf. Paul VI, 1975 Christmas Homily for the end of the Holy Year: AAS 68 (1976), p. 145. This con[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Giving preference to listening to the poor and serving them: sharing
  40: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus annus (1991), No. 28: AAS 83 (1991), p. 828.
  41: ) Cf. Salmen, L., Listen to the People, Participant-Observer Evaluation of Development Projects, Th[...]
  42: ) Cf. the work of Fr. Joseph Wrejinsky and ATD Fourth World.

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Peace, a balance of rights
43: ) Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in terris (1963), Chapter III: AAS 55 (1963), pp. 279-29[...]
44: ) John Paul II, Address to the FAO Conference to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Organisatio[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Disarmament, an urgent need to be met
45: ) World Bamk, World Development Report 1990, Washington, 1990, p. 19.
46: ) Cf. Pontifical Council "Justice and Peace", The International Arms Trade: An Ethical Reflection,[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Respect for the environment
47: ) Cf. FAO, Sustainable Development and the Environment, FAO Policies and Actions, Rome, 1992.

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Ecology and equitable development
48: ) Cf. John Paul II, Address to the 25th Session of the FAO Conference, 16 November 1989, No. 8: AAS[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Acknowledging the contribution of the poor to democracy
49: ) Cf. The Papal Writs (Chirographs) establishing the two Pontifical Foundations, "John Paul II for[...]
50: ) Cf. John Paul II, Address to the United Nations General Assembly for the celebration of its 50th [...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Community initiatives
51: ) To mention some by name: Economia di ComunioneOpera di Maria, the Focolare Movement (Grottaferrat[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Access to credit
52: ) UNDP, op. cit., p. 31: Cf. also Footnote No. 29.
53: ) Cf. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), The Role of Rural Credit Projects in[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Paramount role of women
54: ) Cf. John Paul II, Letter to Women, 29 June 1995, No. 4: AAS 87 (1995), pp. 805-806.
55: ) Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Mulieris dignitatem (1988), Nos. 6-7: AAS 80 (1988), pp.[...]

II ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO BE TAKEN UP BY ALL
Integrity and a social sense
56: ) The magnitude of corruption can be gauged from the amount of "laundered" money as estimated by t[...]
57: ) Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo rei socialis (1987), No. 44: AAS 80 (1988), pp. [...]

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Channelling the work of all to the same end
58: ) John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in terris (1963), Chapter III: AAS 55 (1963), p. 290.

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Political will of the industrial countries
  59: ) Cf. Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter Rerum novarum (15 May 1891): Leonis XIII P.M. Acta, XI, Romae, 1[...]
  60: ) Cf. FAO, The Report of the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development: Declaratio[...]
  61: ) Cf. FAO, Final Report of the 23rd Session of the FAO Conference, No. C85REO, Rome, 9-28 November [...]
  62: ) Cf. Footnote No. 4.
  63: ) Cf. World Bank, World Development Report 1990, Introduction, Washington, 1990.
  64: ) John Paul II, Address for the 50th Anniversary of FAO, No. 4; L'Osservatore Romano, 23-24 Octobe[...]

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Increasing overseas development assistance
  65: ) Cf. UNDP, World Human Development Report 1992. Cf. also UNITED NATIONS, Report of the United Nat[...]
  66: ) Cf. Report of the World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995, Declaration a[...]
  67: ) John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Mater et magistra (1961), Chapter III: AAS 53 (1961), p. 440.

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Coordinated aid
68: ) John Paul II, Address to FAO on its 50th Anniversary, No. 3; L'Osservatore Romano, 23-24 October[...]

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Food security: a permanent solution
  69: ) Cf. UNDP, op. cit., pp. 164-165: Cf. Footnote No. 64.
  70: ) FAO, Dimensions of Needs: p. 35: Cf. Footnote No. 11, Food security depends generally on four el[...]
  71: ) Cf. also the World Food Security Compact, 1985, mentioned earlier in text in No. 40.

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Importance of agrarian reform
72: ) Cf. FAO, Landlessness: a Growing Problem, "Economic and Social Development Series", Rome, 1984, N[...]
73: ) John Paul II, Message for World Peace Day of January 1, 1990, "Peace with God the Creator, Peace [...]

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Role of research and education
74: ) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration Gravissimum educationis, No. 1, referring to PIUS[...]

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
International organisations
75: ) Cf. also Pontifical Council "Cor Unum", Catholic Aid Directory, 4th Edition, Vatican City, 1988 [...]
76: ) Unit IV of the World Council of Churches in Geneva is of great importance here, as is the worldw[...]

III TOWARDS AN ECONOMY BASED ON GREATER SOLIDARITY
Partnership in solidarity
77: ) Cf. Footnote No. 48.

IV THE JUBILEE OF THE YEAR 2000 A STAGE IN THE BATTLE AGAINST HUNGER
The Jubilees: rendering to God what is God's
78: ) Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Tertio millennio adveniente (1994), No. 12: AAS 87 (1995), p.[...]

IV THE JUBILEE OF THE YEAR 2000 A STAGE IN THE BATTLE AGAINST HUNGER
Becoming "providence" for our fellow human beings
79: ) Cf. ibid. No. 13: AAS 87 (1995), pp. 13-14.

IV THE JUBILEE OF THE YEAR 2000 A STAGE IN THE BATTLE AGAINST HUNGER
The dignity of the human being and the fruitfulness of labour
80: ) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes (1965), No. 39.
81: ) John Paul II, Meditation at the Prayer Vigil at Cherry Creek State Park as part of the celebratio[...]

IV THE JUBILEE OF THE YEAR 2000 A STAGE IN THE BATTLE AGAINST HUNGER
The economy degraded by a lack of justice
  82: ) John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Tertio millennio adveniente (1994), No. 51: "...proposing the Jub[...]
  83: ) Cf. Hude, H., Éthique et Politique, Chapter XIII "La justice sur le marché", Ed. Universitaires,[...]
  84: ) Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus annus (1991), No. 34: AAS 83 (1991), pp. 835-836.[...]

IV THE JUBILEE OF THE YEAR 2000 A STAGE IN THE BATTLE AGAINST HUNGER
Fairness and justice in the economy
85: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Evangelium vitae (1995), No. 69: AAS 87 (1995), p. 481.
86: ) The Encyclical Letter Centesimus annus (1991) by Pope John Paul II gives a number of indications[...]

IV THE JUBILEE OF THE YEAR 2000 A STAGE IN THE BATTLE AGAINST HUNGER
An appeal for Jubilee proposals
  87: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus annus (1991), No. 60: AAS 83 (1991), pp. 865-866.
  88: ) Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter Rerum novarum (1891), No. 35.
  89: ) "Cor Unum" will be asking specific questions in this connection.

V HUNGER: A CALL TO LOVE
The Church is with the poor
90: ) John Paul II, 2nd visit to Brazil, 12-21 October 1991, Address at the Lixão de São Pedro shanty-[...]

V HUNGER: A CALL TO LOVE
Necessary reform of the human heart
91: ) Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes (1965), No. 37. Cf. als[...]
92: ) Cf. Footnote No. 38.

V HUNGER: A CALL TO LOVE
"Place not your trust in idols!"
93: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Redemptoris missio (1990), No. 59: AAS 83 (1991), pp. 307-308. [...]

V HUNGER: A CALL TO LOVE
... to change life
94: ) This conviction is not only common amongst Christians. It lies at the basis of a movement that wa[...]

V HUNGER: A CALL TO LOVE
Supporting initiatives
95: ) John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo rei socialis (1987), No. 40: AAS 80 (1988), p. 569. [...]
96: ) Cf. Secretaria Status Rationarium Generale Ecclesiae, Annuarium statisticum Ecclesiae, Typis Vat[...]

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