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 1 Intro     |          must be overcome. One is rejection, the process by which the
 2 I, 1,1    |     survived briefly;(3) however, rejection occurred within a few weeks.
 3 I, 1,1(10)|            et al., Acute vascular rejection is associated with systemic
 4 I, 1,1(10)|      antibodies in acute vascular rejection of pig-to-primate cardiac
 5 I, 2,2    |                                   Rejection: Immunology of Organ Xenografting ~
 6 I, 2,2    |     non-human). First, hyperacute rejection, which is caused by xenoreactive
 7 I, 2,2    |            Second, acute vascular rejection caused by the combined effect
 8 I, 2,2    |       cascade) resulting in organ rejection. Third, the xenograft counterpart
 9 I, 2,2    |         classical T cell mediated rejection of allografts (transplantation
10 I, 2,2    |        also be subject to chronic rejection in a manner analogous to
11 I, 2,2    |           allografts. ~Hyperacute Rejection. Recipient xenoreactive
12 I, 2,2    |         that result in hyperacute rejection of an immediately-vascularized
13 I, 2,2(13)|           of hyperacute xenograft rejection in a swine-to-primate model,
14 I, 2,2(13)|      activation in the hyperacute rejection of porcine organs transplanted
15 I, 2,2    |          rapid graft ischemia and rejection. Elimination of xenoreactive
16 I, 2,2    |     method to overcome hyperacute rejection.(15) Hyperacute rejection
17 I, 2,2    |         rejection.(15) Hyperacute rejection has also been overcome by
18 I, 2,2(16)|     receptor type 1 on hyperacute rejection of porcine xenografts, Transplantation
19 I, 2,2(16)|          prevention of hyperacute rejection following discordant xenotransplantation
20 I, 2,2    |         for overcoming hyperacute rejection of pig organs transplanted
21 I, 2,2    |         do not undergo hyperacute rejection.(18) Based on these results
22 I, 2,2(17)|           of xenograft hyperacute rejection, Transplantation 1991; 52: 
23 I, 2,2    |           appears that hyperacute rejection can be overcome, which is
24 I, 2,2    |   possible solution to hyperacute rejection is to eliminate, or greatly
25 I, 2,2(18)|        xenogenic hyperacute organ rejection, Proc Natl Acad Sci 1994,
26 I, 2,2    |         possible. ~Acute Vascular Rejection. Acute Vascular Rejection
27 I, 2,2    |         Rejection. Acute Vascular Rejection is precipitated by elicited
28 I, 2,2    |        compromised blood flow and rejection.(21) Acute vascular rejection
29 I, 2,2(20)|   therapies for delayed xenograft rejection,  Opin  Organ  Transplant  
30 I, 2,2    |     rejection.(21) Acute vascular rejection now represents the principle
31 I, 2,2    |         Studies of acute vascular rejection in animals has shown that
32 I, 2,2(21)|           W.W., Delayed xenograft rejection, World J. Surg. 1997, 21: 
33 I, 2,2(21)|   McGregor C.G.A., Acute vascular rejection, Xenotransplantation 1998,
34 I, 2,2    |         overcoming acute vascular rejection is further genetic engineering
35 I, 2,2    |           to cause acute vascular rejection are now being studied. ~
36 I, 2,2    |       Response. If acute vascular rejection can be overcome, it is expected
37 I, 2,2    |          of the allogeneic T cell rejection response.(24) There are
38 I, 2,2(24)|           Cell-mediated xenograft rejection, Current Opinion in Organ
39 I, 2,2    |        animal. ~Chronic Xenograft Rejection. There is evidence that -
40 I, 2,2    | transplant survives all the above rejection phases, there is the possibility
41 I, 2,2    |          referred to as "chronic" rejection. The main pathology of chronic
42 I, 2,3    |            For the most part, the rejection of a hamster heart by a
43 I, 2,3    |           a rat is similar to the rejection of a mouse heart. However,
44 I, 2,3    |          heart hyperacutely; thus rejection is dependent on the synthesis
45 I, 2,3    |     recipient complement, lead to rejection of the organ.(27) Transplantation
46 I, 2,3    |           model of acute vascular rejection. The preliminary findings
47 I, 2,3(27)|   therapies for delayed xenograft rejection, Opin Organ Transplant 1999
48 I, 2,3    |        hearts.(28) In this sense, rejection of a hamster organ transplanted
49 I, 2,3    |        differ from acute vascular rejection of a pig organ in a non-human
50 I, 2,3    |       primate in which hyperacute rejection has been overcome. In the
51 I, 2,3    |       that protect the organ from rejection.(30) To what extent these
52 I, 2,3(30)|       complement that precipitate rejection of naive xenografts, J Immunol.
53 I, 2,3    |              Even when hyperacute rejection is avoided, the hDAF transgenic
54 I, 2,3    |        that mimics acute vascular rejection, although rejection can
55 I, 2,3    |      vascular rejection, although rejection can be very much delayed.(34)
56 I, 2,3(33)|          inhibition of hyperacute rejection of pig organs. In:  Cooper
57 I, 2,3    |     transgenes that might inhibit rejection factors associated with
58 I, 2,3    |    associated with acute vascular rejection. ~
59 I, 2,5    |         human genes which inhibit rejection. Two break-throughs are
60 I, 2,5    |        least one of the causes of rejection would presumably be reduced. ~
61 II, 2,14  |        such as the probability of rejection and the increase in the
62 II, 2,16  |          success and the risks of rejection. Special attention should