0-dimen | dios-occur | offer-watch | weera-zhife
bold = Main text
Part, Chapter, Paragraph grey = Comment text
1 I, 3,6(45) | Cf. Groth C.G., Korsgren 0., Tibell, A., et al., Transplantation
2 I, 1,1(10) | transplants. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1745-1756. ~
3 II, 2,14(68) | xenotransplantations, Lancet 1997, 349: 1031. ~
4 I, 2,2(18) | Natl Acad Sci 1994, 91: 11153-7; McCurry K.R., Kooyman
5 I, 3,6(48) | Lung Transpl. 2000, 19: 1125-1165. ~
6 I, 2,2(14) | epitopes, PNAS 1993, 90: 11391-5. ~
7 I, 2,2(13) | Am J Pathol 1992, 140: 1157-66. ~
8 I, 3,6(48) | Transpl. 2000, 19: 1125-1165. ~
9 I, 2,5(43) | nuclei, Science. 2000, 289: 1188-90. ~
10 I, 2,2(16) | Transplantation 1995, 60: 1194-202. ~
11 I, 2,4(39) | NY Acad. Sc. 1998, 862: 121-124. ~
12 I, 2,4(42) | pig tissue. Science 285: 1236-41. ~
13 I, 2,2(15) | Immunol Rev 1994, 141: 95-125; Rydberg L., Hallberg E.,
14 I, 2,2(19) | Nature Medicine 1995, 1: 1261-7. ~
15 I, 2,2(16) | Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1966, 129: 673-713; Pruitt S.K., Kirk
16 II, 2,13 | The Health Risk ~13. As previously stated, one
17 II, 2,18(72) | concorrenza, Padova, CEDAM, 1997: 1343. ~
18 II, 2,12(64) | The Lancet, 1998, 351: 1347-1350; Clark M.A., This Little
19 I, 2,4 | the presence of PERV. In 135 patients exposure was for
20 II, 2,12(64) | Lancet, 1998, 351: 1347-1350; Clark M.A., This Little
21 II, 2,12(64) | Medicine and Ethics, 1999, 27: 137-152; Comité Consultatif
22 I, 2,2(13) | recipients, Am J Pathol 1992, 140: 1157-66. ~
23 I, 3,6(45) | patients, Lancet, 1994, 344: 1402-1404. ~
24 I, 3,6(45) | Lancet, 1994, 344: 1402-1404. ~
25 I, 2,4(38) | Xenotransplantation 2000; 7: 143-155. ~
26 II, 2,12(64) | Medicine, 1998, 4: 141-144; Hughes J., Xenografting:
27 II, 2,18(73) | International, London 1998: 145-150; Accordo di Marrakech
28 II, 2,18(73) | International, London 1998: 145-150; Accordo di Marrakech istitutivo
29 II, 2,12(64) | and Ethics, 1999, 27: 137-152; Comité Consultatif National
30 I, 2,4(38) | Xenotransplantation 2000; 7: 143-155. ~
31 I, 2,3(30) | J Immunol. 1999 Sep 1; 163(5): 2850-7. ~
32 I, 2,2(21) | Xenotransplantation 1998, 5: 169-175. ~
33 II, 2,17 | of Health Care Resources ~17. Xenotransplantation certainly
34 II, 1,12(63) | Paolo II, XIV/1, 1991, p. 1711, 20/6/1991; Catechism of
35 I, 1,1(10) | J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1745-1756. ~
36 I, 2,2(21) | Xenotransplantation 1998, 5: 169-175. ~
37 I, 1,1(10) | Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1745-1756. ~
38 II, 2,12(64) | Ethics Journal, 1996, 6: 183-188; U.S. Institute of Medicine
39 II, 2,12(64) | Ethics Journal, 1996, 6: 183-188; U.S. Institute of Medicine
40 II, 1,12 | and Legal Medicine, 14 May 1956), and more recently John
41 I, 1,1 | The attempts made in the 1960s and early 1970s used immunosuppressive
42 I, 1,1(2) | heterotransplantation in man, Ann Surg, 1964, 160: 384. ~
43 I, 2,2(16) | man, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1966, 129: 673-713; Pruitt S.
44 II, 2,18(72) | sui Brevetti (Washington, 1970), art.33; Convenzione del
45 I, 1,1 | made in the 1960s and early 1970s used immunosuppressive therapies
46 II, 2,18(72) | Brevetto Europeo (Munich, 1973), 54-57; vedi anche Marchetti
47 I, 1,1 | and colleagues.(2) In the 1980s, a baboon heart was transplanted
48 II, 1,8(56) | case for Animal Rights, 1983, London, Routledge & Kegan
49 I, 1,1(3) | xenotransplantation in a neonate, JAMA, 1985, 254: 3321. ~
50 I, 2,2(15) | baboon, J. Heart. Transplant. 1988, 7: 238-46; Latinne D.,
51 I, 1,1 | within a few weeks. In the 1990s, baboon livers were transplanted
52 I, 1,1(9) | Tissues Between Species. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
53 I, 2,2(16) | Transplantation 1995, 60: 1194-202. ~
54 I, 2,2(17) | Transplant Proc. 1991; 23: 205-7; Dalmasso A.P., Vercellotti
55 I, 2,2(13) | Transplantation 1991, 52: 214-220; Dalmasso A.P., Vercellotti
56 II, 2,13(66) | Prog Transplant 2000, 10: 217-225. ~
57 I, 2,2(13) | Transplantation 1991, 52: 214-220; Dalmasso A.P., Vercellotti
58 II, 2,13(66) | Transplant 2000, 10: 217-225. ~
59 II, 1,12(63) | Catholic Church (1994) n. 2296; John Paul II, Enc. Lett.
60 II, 2,14(67) | J Med Ethics 2000, 26: 231-236. ~
61 II, 2,13(65) | 1995 (revised edition), 2316-2321. ~
62 II, 2,13(65) | revised edition), 2316-2321. ~
63 II, 2,14(67) | Med Ethics 2000, 26: 231-236. ~
64 I, 2,2(15) | Heart. Transplant. 1988, 7: 238-46; Latinne D., Soares M.,
65 II, 2,17(71) | Rev 2000 Jan-Jun; (12): 245-6. ~
66 I, 2,2(18) | Transplantation 2000, 69: 2504-15; Lavitrano M., Forni
67 I, 2,2(15) | Xenotransplantation 1995, 2: 253-63. ~
68 I, 1,1(3) | in a neonate, JAMA, 1985, 254: 3321. ~
69 II, 1,8(55) | Giappichelli Ed., Torino, pp. 239-265. ~
70 Intro, 0,0(1)| United States. JAMA 1992; 267: 239-46. ~
71 I, 2,4(41) | retrovirus of pigs. Nature Med 3: 282-286. ~
72 I, 1,1(6) | xenotransplantation. J Virol. 2001; 75: 2825-8. ~
73 I, 2,4(42) | living pig tissue. Science 285: 1236-41. ~
74 I, 2,3(30) | Immunol. 1999 Sep 1; 163(5): 2850-7. ~
75 I, 2,4(41) | pigs. Nature Med 3: 282-286. ~
76 I, 2,5(43) | fibroblast nuclei, Science. 2000, 289: 1188-90. ~
77 I, 2,2(15) | Transplantation 1995, 59: 294-300; Cooper D.K.C., Lexer
78 I, 2,2(15) | Transplantation 1995, 59: 294-300; Cooper D.K.C., Lexer G.,
79 I, 2,2(23) | Annu.Rev.Med.1998, 49: 301-10. ~
80 I, 3,6(47) | NY Acad. Sci., 1999, 875: 310-325; Calise F., Mancini
81 I, 3,6(47) | Acad. Sci., 1999, 875: 310-325; Calise F., Mancini A.,
82 I, 1,1(3) | neonate, JAMA, 1985, 254: 3321. ~
83 I, 3,6(46) | Trends Neurosci 2000; 23: 337-44. ~
84 I, 1,1(4) | transplantation, Lancet, 1993, 341: 65. ~
85 I, 2,4(40) | Spring Harbor, N.Y. 1997; 343-435. ~
86 I, 3,6(45) | patients, Lancet, 1994, 344: 1402-1404. ~
87 II, 2,14(68) | xenotransplantations, Lancet 1997, 349: 1031. ~
88 I, 2,2(18) | Transplant Proc 1997;29: 3508-9. ~
89 II, 2,12(64) | Xenotransplants, The Lancet, 1998, 351: 1347-1350; Clark M.A.,
90 II, 2,17(71) | Law Journal 1998, 53 (2): 353-384; Urruela Mora A., Workshop
91 II, 1,7(52) | Constitution Lumen Gentium, n. 36. ~
92 I, 2,2(16) | Transplantation 1994, 57: 363-70; Kobayashi T., Neethling
93 II, 2,14(68) | Xenotransplantation, Nature, 1995, 378: 434; National Kidney Federation,
94 I, 1,1(11) | Coll Surg 1998, 186 (4): 383-7. ~
95 I, 2,4(42) | tissue. Science 285: 1236-41. ~
96 II, 1,11(62) | Path Biol (Paris) 2000, 48: 426-428. ~
97 II, 1,11(62) | Biol (Paris) 2000, 48: 426-428. ~
98 I, 2,4(40) | Spring Harbor, N.Y. 1997; 343-435. ~
99 I, 3,6(46) | Trends Neurosci 2000; 23: 337-44. ~
100 II, 1,9(57) | Queriniana 1997: 407-451. ~
101 I, 2,4 | periods, in one case for 460 days. None of the patients
102 I, 1,1(9) | Springer-Verlag 1991: 481-500. ~
103 I, 3,6 | number of patients (more than 50) suffering from Parkinson'
104 I, 1,1(9) | Springer-Verlag 1991: 481-500. ~
105 I, 2,5(44) | Opin Chem Biol 1998, 2: 512-8. ~
106 I, 2,2(17) | Transplantation 1991; 52: 530-3. ~
107 II, 2,18(72) | Europeo (Munich, 1973), 54-57; vedi anche Marchetti
108 I, 2,2(14) | Transplant Proc 1992, 24: 559-60; Sandrin M.S., Vaughan
109 I, 2,3(31) | Clin Transpl 1991; 5: 583-587. ~
110 I, 2,3(31) | Clin Transpl 1991; 5: 583-587. ~
111 I, 2,2(15) | studies, Transplantation 1995, 59: 294-300; Cooper D.K.C.,
112 I, 2,2(16) | model, Trans Proc 1996, 28: 604; Kroshus T.J., Rollins S.A.,
113 II, 2,12(64) | xénotransplantation, n. 61, 11 June 1999; Cooper D.
114 II, 1,8(55) | arco di Giano, 1999; 21: 49-62; D'Agostino F., I diritti
115 I, 2,2(15) | Xenotransplantation 1995, 2: 253-63. ~
116 II, 2,14(67) | Zentralbl Chir 1999, 124: 636-640; Welin S., Starting
117 II, 2,14(67) | Zentralbl Chir 1999, 124: 636-640; Welin S., Starting Clinical
118 I, 3,6(47) | Transpl. Proceed., 2001, 33: 647-649. ~
119 I, 3,6(47) | Proceed., 2001, 33: 647-649. ~
120 I, 1,1(4) | transplantation, Lancet, 1993, 341: 65. ~
121 I, 2,2(13) | J Pathol 1992, 140: 1157-66. ~
122 I, 2,3(33) | Springer-Verlag 1997: 665-682. ~
123 I, 2,2(16) | NY Acad. Sci., 1966, 129: 673-713; Pruitt S.K., Kirk D.A.,
124 II, 2,14(68) | Transplantation, 1995, p. 677; Mohacsi P.J. et al., Patients
125 I, 2,3(33) | Springer-Verlag 1997: 665-682. ~
126 I, 2,2(18) | baboons, Transplantation 2000, 69: 2504-15; Lavitrano M.,
127 I, 2,2(16) | Acad. Sci., 1966, 129: 673-713; Pruitt S.K., Kirk D.A.,
128 II, 2,12(64) | Transplantation Proceedings, 1992, 24: 722-727; Hanson M.J., The Seductive
129 II, 2,12(64) | Proceedings, 1992, 24: 722-727; Hanson M.J., The Seductive
130 I, 1,1(6) | xenotransplantation. J Virol. 2001; 75: 2825-8. ~
131 I, 1,1(7) | Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1997: 776-792. ~
132 I, 2,3 | cardiac xenograft(36) and 78 days for a renal xenograft;(37)
133 I, 1,1(7) | Springer-Verlag 1997: 776-792. ~
134 I, 1,1(5) | Springer-Verlag 1997: 793-811. ~
135 I, 1,1(5) | Springer-Verlag 1997: 793-811. ~
136 II, 1,12(63) | Care Workers (1995), nn. 83-91; John Paul II, Address
137 I, 2,4(39) | Ann. NY Acad. Sc. 1998, 862: 121-124. ~
138 I, 3,6(47) | Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1999, 875: 310-325; Calise F., Mancini
139 I, 2,2(21) | World J. Surg. 1997, 21: 917-23; Platt J.L., Lin S.S.
140 I, 2,2(24) | Transplantation 1999, 4: 90-94. ~
141 I, 2,2(26) | apoptosis, Nat. Med 1997. 3: 944-8. ~
142 I, 2,2(15) | Immunol Rev 1994, 141: 95-125; Rydberg L., Hallberg
143 I, 1,1(10) | Xenotransplantation 2000, 7: 186-96; Cozzi E., Bhatti F., Schmoeckel
144 I, 2,2(18) | Nature Medicine 1995, 1: 964-6; Fodor W.L., Williams
145 I, 2,3 | shown to survive for up to 99 days when they are not asked
146 II, 2,12(64) | current debate see: Caplan A.L., Is Xenografting Morally
147 I, 3,6(48) | Cf. Cooper D.K.C., Keogh A.M., Brink J., et al., Report
148 I, 1,1(11) | Cf. Starzl T.E., Rao A.S., Murase N., et al., Will
149 I, 2,2(14) | react predominantly with Gal(a1-3) Gal epitopes, PNAS 1993,
150 I, 2,5 | moment. Therefore, being able to regulate the expression
151 I, 2,3(31) | cytotoxic antibodies and ABO-incompatible grafts, Clin Transpl 1991;
152 II, 1,9(58) | 8, 26-29), is considered abolished by Christ (cf. Mk 7: 14-
153 II, 2,14 | patient's germ cells. Sexual abstinence would also be necessary
154 II, 1,7 | traditions, albeit with different accents: this concerns the possibility
155 II, 3,19 | xenotransplantation, making it an accepted surgical therapy. ~
156 II, 2,18 | every person to equitable access to the health care they
157 II, 2,18 | applies above all else to accessibility to treatment. This objective -
158 II, 2,18 | allowing "production" at accessible prices(73) which would hopefully
159 I, 2,3(30) | Soares M.P., Sato K., et al., Accommodated xenografts survive in the
160 I, 2,2(17) | Vercellotti G.M., et al., Accomodation: a working paradigm for
161 II, 2,17 | collective benefits that it may accrue in the future should also
162 I, 2,3 | transplants to rats has been the achievement of "accommodation".(29)
163 II, 3,20 | thus an ethical need to acquire correct information on the
164 II, 2,18 | possible ways to do this is by acquiring patents . ~From a formal
165 II, 2,13 | by "small steps" in the acquisition of new knowledge, making
166 | across
167 II, 1,7 | order established by him, to act within the created order
168 I, 2,2 | complement of the recipient acting against endothelial cells
169 I, 2,2 | bound antibodies fix and activate complement, with the combination
170 II, 1,7 | disciplines and by their activity, interiorly raised up by
171 II, 1,9(58) | Christ (cf. Mk 7: 14-23; Acts 10: 14-15; Rom 14: 14). ~
172 II, 2,13 | damaging future event, the actual occurrence of which is not
173 II, 1,7(53) | Council, Decree Apostolicam Actuositatem, n. 7. ~
174 II, 1,11 | function; others, instead, add to their functionality a
175 II, 3,21 | University of Cambridge ~Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road -
176 II, 1,8 | an ethical nature must be addressed. First, there is the question
177 I, 1,1 | those countries which are addressing the issue have ruled out
178 II, 2,16 | carried out. In addition, adequate information on possible
179 I, 1,1 | there was evidence of an adequately functioning liver mass,
180 I, 2,2(15) | cyclosporine and antibody adsorption on pig cardiac xenograft
181 I, 2,5 | would represent a great advance in the development of xenotransplantation. ~
182 I, 3,6(48) | the xenotransplantation advisory committee of the international
183 II, 1,9 | personal identity is not affected by xenotransplantation,
184 II, 1,11 | modification, as already noted, affects the historical dimension
185 II, 1,10 | body?" And if the answer is affirmative, one must ask up to what
186 II, 1,10(59) | objective: name, sex, age, etc.; cultural: language,
187 I, 1,1 | community and the regulatory agencies in those countries which
188 II, 3,21(74) | approval of the newly formed Agency for the Security of Health
189 I, 2,2 | resultant thrombosis (platelet aggregation and activation of the coagulation
190 II, 1,8(55) | Giano, 1999; 21: 49-62; D'Agostino F., I diritti degli animali,
191 II, 2,14 | trials, patients should agree not to procreate because
192 I, 2,3 | used therapeutically to aid pig organ survival in primates
193 I, 2,2 | transplantation in general and may be aided in the xenogenic arena by
194 II, 3,21 | necessary information campaigns aimed at the entire population. ~
195 II, 3,21 | Xenotransplantation ~Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA ~- Prof. Emanuele
196 I, 2,5(43) | Onishi A., Iwamoto M., Akita T., et al., Pig cloning
197 I, 2,4(38) | Onions D., Cooper D.K., Alexander T.J., et al., An approach
198 I, 2,3(31) | Cf. Alexandre G.P.J, Latinne D., Gianello
199 I, 1,1(8) | Cf. Allan J.F. Xenotransplantation
200 II, 2,17 | Allocation of Health Care Resources ~
201 I, 2,2 | evidence that - as with allotransplants, - even when a transplant
202 II, 1,8 | contrary possibility was also allowed. In the latter case, man
203 II, 3,21 | Msgr. Osvaldo Neves de Almeida ~(international law, business
204 | alone
205 II, 3,21 | Professor of Bioethics ~Alphonsian Academy Rome, ITALY ~- Msgr.
206 II, 3,20 | paths which may represent alternatives to xenotransplantation,
207 II, 2,13(66) | xenotransplantation: Appel J.Z., Alwayn I.P., Cooper D.K., Xenotransplantation:
208 I, 3,6(47) | Functional evaluation of the AMC-BAL to be employed in a multicenter
209 I, 2,2(18) | 1995, 1: 423-7; Cowan P.J., Aminian A., Barlow H. et al., Renal
210 I, 3,6(47) | Calise F., Mancini A., Amoroso P. et al., Functional evaluation
211 II, 2,17 | costs-benefits balance, the huge amount of health care resources
212 II, 2,17 | validity; given the large amounts of resources that it would
213 I, 2,2 | chronic rejection in a manner analogous to allografts. ~Hyperacute
214 II, 1,8 | promotion of every being. ~To analyse more deeply the point under
215 II, 2,15 | possible modification of the anatomical, physiological and/or behavioural
216 II, 2,18(72) | Munich, 1973), 54-57; vedi anche Marchetti P., Ubertazzi
217 II, 3,21 | Foundation Padova, ITALY ~- Msgr. Angel Rodriguez Luo ~(moral theology,
218 II, 3,21 | Bologna, ITALY ~- Prof. Angelo Serra, S.J. ~(human genetics) ~
219 II, 1,8(55) | I rapporti tra uomo e animale nelle tradizioni giudaico-cristiane
220 II, 1,8(55) | Agostino F., I diritti degli animali, in Bioetica nella prospettiva
221 II, 2,18(73) | Mondiale del Commercio, Annesso lC: Accordo sugli aspetti
222 I, 2,2(16) | Complement inhibition with an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody prevents
223 I, 2,3(30) | survive in the presence of anti-donor antibodies and complement
224 I, 2,2(15) | antibodies by injection of anti-mu monoclonal antibodies, Immunol
225 I, 2,2(16) | in vivo investigation of anticomplement agents FUT-175 and K76COOH,
226 I, 2,5 | expression of the "a-gal" antigen on porcine endothelial cells
227 II, 3,21 | University Rome, ITALY ~- Prof. Antonio G. Spagnolo ~(bioethics) ~
228 II, 2,15 | and pain, suffering and anxiety experienced by the animal; ~
229 I, 2,2(26) | xenotransplantation: inflammation and apoptosis, Nat. Med 1997. 3: 944-8. ~
230 II, 1,7 | Second Vatican Council on the apostolate of the laity takes up this
231 II, 1,7(53) | Vatican Council, Decree Apostolicam Actuositatem, n. 7. ~
232 I, 1,1 | pathogen (cytomegalovirus) was apparently transferred to the patient,
233 II, 2,13(66) | of xenotransplantation: Appel J.Z., Alwayn I.P., Cooper
234 II, 3,21(74) | National Ethics Committee and applications for clinical trials will
235 II, 2,18 | by excessive costs. This applies above all else to accessibility
236 II, 1,7 | position on this question, applying the language and the methods
237 II, 1,10 | identity. (59)Any ethical appraisal of xenotransplantation must
238 II, 1,11 | In light of a renewed appreciation of the body and of the symbolic
239 II, 2,18 | can be reached by making appropriate legal requirements apply (
240 II, 3,21(74) | clinical trials will need the approval of the newly formed Agency
241 II, 1,8(55) | degli xenotrapianti, in L'arco di Giano, 1999; 21: 49-62;
242 I, 2,2 | be aided in the xenogenic arena by further genetic engineering
243 II, 3,21 | Xenotransplantation ~Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA ~- Prof. Emanuele Cozzi ~(
244 II, 3,21(74) | Xenotransplantation Sub-committee, the Argentine National Commission on Xenotransplantation,
245 II, 1,10(60) | Identità e cambiamento, Roma: Armando, 1992; Jervis G., La conquista
246 II, 2,14 | spread of an infection. Arrangements for some kind of monitoring
247 I, 3,6 | using pig hepatocytes in artificial devices (bioartificial liver)
248 II, 2,14(68) | polls have been taken to ascertain the level of public acceptance
249 Intro, 0,0(1)| Cf. Evans R., Orians C., Ascher N., The potential supply
250 II, 1,10 | is affirmative, one must ask up to what point is such
251 I, 2,3 | 99 days when they are not asked to do life-supporting work (
252 II, 2,14 | connected to one specific aspect of xenotransplantation:
253 II, 2,18(73) | Annesso lC: Accordo sugli aspetti della proprietà intellettuale
254 II, 1,12(63) | 86; Pont. Counc. Past. Assist. Health Care Workers., Charter
255 II, 3,21 | Spagnolo ~(bioethics) ~Associate of Bioethics ~Sacred Heart
256 II, 1,12 | Address to the Italian Association of Corneal Donors, Clinical
257 I, 1,1 | some cases those proteins assumed the blood levels that are
258 I, 1,1 | Transplants have also been attempted using pig hearts (three
259 II, 1,11(61) | trapianto di gonadi. Storia e attualità, Med. Mor., 1998, 48, 15-
260 II, 1,12 | recently John Paul II (29 August 2000, n. 7), have clearly
261 II, 2,14(67) | P., Xenotransplantation aus ethischer Sicht. Eine Skizze,
262 II, 3,19 | these centres should be authorised and supervised by the competent
263 II, 3,19 | the competent health care authorities. ~The results thus obtained,
264 II, 3,20 | urgent need to increase the availability of organs which can be transplanted. ~
265 II, 2,14(68) | Blumer E.C., Quine S. et al., Aversion to Xenotransplantation,
266 II, 2,12(64) | et de la santé (France), Avis sur l'éthique et la xénotransplantation,
267 II, 2,14 | would also be necessary to avoid the venereal transmission
268 II, 2,16 | quarantine, which involves avoiding physical contact with others
269 | away
270 II, 1,8 | relationship with man that the axiological measure (moral value) of
271 I, 1,1(10) | 132; Lin S.S., Weidner B.C., Byrne G.W., et al., The
272 I, 2,2(18) | in non-immunosuppressed baboons, Transplantation 2000, 69:
273 I, 1 | Historical background ~
274 I, 1,1(3) | Cf. Bailey L.L., Nehlsen-Canarella
275 II, 2,16(70) | Cf. Barker J.H., Polcrack L., Respect
276 I, 2,2(18) | Cowan P.J., Aminian A., Barlow H. et al., Renal xenografts
277 II, 1,10 | moral value upon which to base the right and duty to promote
278 II, 3,19 | 19.~ Bearing in mind all that has been
279 II, 2,14(67) | Cf. Beckmann J.P., Xenotransplantation
280 II, 2,13 | to require no change in behaviour or choices. ~Together, these
281 II, 2,15 | anatomical, physiological and/or behavioural aspects of the animal may
282 | Besides
283 I, 2,2(19) | substantially reduces human antibody binding and complement-mediated
284 I, 3,6 | hepatocytes in artificial devices (bioartificial liver) with promising initial
285 II, 3,21 | jurists, theologians and bioethicists - will represent a concrete
286 II, 1,8(55) | diritti degli animali, in Bioetica nella prospettiva della
287 II, 1,12 | there exists the proven biological possibility of carrying
288 II, 2,12(64) | Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research,
289 II, 3,21 | biotechnologies, molecular biology and genetics) ~Coordinator
290 II, 1,8 | technological progress in the biomedical field, the service of animals
291 II, 3,21 | Lavitrano ~(xenotransplantation, biotechnologies, molecular biology and genetics) ~
292 I, 2,4 | Control measures include the birth of pigs by hysterotomy (
293 II, 3,21 | group are the following: ~ -Bishop Elio Sgreccia ~Vice-President
294 I, 2,2(15) | Rydberg L., Hallberg E., Bjorck S., et al., Studies on the
295 II, 2,13 | however, that a total "block" should be put on all experimentation.
296 II, 2,14(68) | for example, Mohacsi P.J., Blumer E.C., Quine S. et al., Aversion
297 II, 2,14 | the modification of one's "bodily schema") arising from the
298 I, 2,4(40) | Cf. Boeke J.D., Stoye J.P., Retrotransposons,
299 I, 2,2(16) | Pruitt S.K., Kirk D.A., Bollinger R.R., et al., The effect
300 II, 3,21 | Physiology ~State University - Bologna, ITALY ~- Prof. Angelo Serra,
301 II, 1,8(55) | Cf. Bondolfi A., I rapporti tra uomo
302 II, 3,21 | Theology Naples, ITALY ~- Prof. Bonifacio Honings, O.C.D. ~(moral
303 II, 1,7(54) | Lyons, Against Heresies, Book 4, 20, 7. ~
304 II, 3,21 | Harvard Medical School Boston, USA ~-Prof. Fulvio Calise ~(
305 I, 2,2 | known as "a-gal".(14) The bound antibodies fix and activate
306 II, 1,10 | findings, especially that branch of philosophical anthropology
307 II, 1,8 | of the acceptability of breaching the barrier between animal
308 I, 2,5 | which inhibit rejection. Two break-throughs are especially important.
309 II, 1,9(57) | Un compendio teologico, Brescia: Queriniana 1997: 407-
310 II, 2,18(72) | Ubertazzi L.C., Commentario breve al diritto della concorrenza,
311 II, 2,18(72) | Trattato di Cooperazione sui Brevetti (Washington, 1970), art.
312 II, 2,18(72) | art.33; Convenzione del Brevetto Europeo (Munich, 1973),
313 I, 3,6(46) | Cf. Brevig T., Holgersson J., Widner
314 I, 3,6 | of using pig organs as "bridge' transplants may well be
315 I, 3,6(48) | Cooper D.K.C., Keogh A.M., Brink J., et al., Report of the
316 II, 2,18 | apply. ~We are aware of the broad debate underway on the basic
317 II, 2,17 | taken place so far has also brought about greater medical knowledge
318 II, 3,21 | on Xenotransplantation ~Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA ~- Prof.
319 II, 3,21 | Almeida ~(international law, business law) ~Secretariate of State (
320 I, 1,1(10) | Lin S.S., Weidner B.C., Byrne G.W., et al., The role of
321 II, 3,21 | Prof. Bonifacio Honings, O.C.D. ~(moral theology) ~Professor
322 I, 2,2(21) | Lin S.S. and McGregor C.G.A., Acute vascular rejection,
323 I, 1,1(6) | M.A., Starzl T.E., Rinaldo C.R. Jr., Detection of infectious
324 I, 2,5(44) | Cf. Harvey D.M., Caskey C.T., Inducible control of gene
325 I, 2,4 | of pigs by hysterotomy (caesarean derived), carefully controlled
326 II, 3,21 | section: ~- The Rev. Maurizio Calipari ~(moral theology, bioethics) ~
327 II, 1,10(60) | Grinberg L. and R., Identità e cambiamento, Roma: Armando, 1992; Jervis
328 II, 3,21 | the necessary information campaigns aimed at the entire population. ~
329 II, 3,21 | Naples, ITALY ~- Prof. Felix Cantarovich ~(transplantation, health
330 II, 2,12(64) | the current debate see: Caplan A.L., Is Xenografting Morally
331 II, 3,21 | Transplants ~Liver Unit, Cardarelli Hospital Naples, ITALY ~-
332 II, 3,21 | VATICAN CITY ~- Msgr. Ignacio Carrasco De Paula ~(moral theology,
333 II, 2,12(64) | Council of Bioethics, 1996; Mc Carthy Ch.R., A New Look at Animal-to-Human
334 I, 2,5(44) | Cf. Harvey D.M., Caskey C.T., Inducible control
335 II, 1,12(63) | 1991, p. 1711, 20/6/1991; Catechism of The Catholic Church (
336 II, 2,12(64) | http: //www.fda.gov/ cber/guidelines.htm). ~
337 II, 2,18(72) | della concorrenza, Padova, CEDAM, 1997: 1343. ~
338 I, 2,2(24) | A., Auchincloss H. Jr., Cell-mediated xenograft rejection, Current
339 II, 1,12 | the recipient patient is a central point not only for philosophical
340 I, 2,4 | of source animals, with a certified health status, is under
341 II, 2,12(64) | Bioethics, 1996; Mc Carthy Ch.R., A New Look at Animal-to-Human
342 II, 3,21 | Pontifical Academy for Life ~Chairman ~for the scientific section: ~-
343 Intro | reality, there are practical challenges that must be overcome. One
344 I, 2,4(42) | Sandstrom P., Switzer W., Chapman L., Lockey C., Onions D.,
345 I, 2,4(40) | evolution of retroelements, Chapter 8 In: Retroviruses. (J.
346 II, 3,20 | implications of a very wide social character. There is thus an ethical
347 I, 1,1 | the blood levels that are characteristic of the baboon and not of
348 II, 1,11(61) | insofar as they are organs charged with gametogenesis (the
349 II, 1,12(63) | Assist. Health Care Workers., Charter for Health Care Workers (
350 I, 2,5(44) | gene therapy, Curr Opin Chem Biol 1998, 2: 512-8. ~
351 I, 2,5(43) | Cf. Polejaeva I.A., Chen S.H., Vaught T.D., et al.,
352 I, 1,1 | nine-month survival of a chimpanzee kidney transplanted into
353 II, 2,14(67) | Eine Skizze, Zentralbl Chir 1999, 124: 636-640; Welin
354 II, 3,19 | patients who cannot be chosen - in the given circumstances -
355 II, 1,9(58) | considered abolished by Christ (cf. Mk 7: 14-23; Acts
356 II, 3,21 | watch over the health of the citizens involved and the potential
357 II, 1,7 | labour, technical skill and civil culture may serve the utility
358 II, 1,8 | progress and the development of civilization. ~Such a position of "excellence"
359 II, 2 | Further investigation and clarification is needed for a wider bioethical
360 I, 2,2 | xenograft counterpart of classical T cell mediated rejection
361 I, 2,4 | identified.(38) Development of "clean" lines of source animals,
362 I, 2,5(43) | H., Vaught T.D., et al., Cloned pigs produced by nuclear
363 II, 2,14 | monitor the patient very closely and constantly. One must
364 II, 1,8 | primary needs (food, work, clothing, etc.) in a sort of natural "
365 II, 1,8(56) | experimentation, 1997, (http: //www.cmf.org.uk, 10/7/2001). ~
366 I, 3,6(46) | Xenotransplantation for CNS repair: immunological barriers
367 II, 1,7 | and man have the task of co-operating with the Creator in leading
368 I, 2,2 | aggregation and activation of the coagulation cascade) resulting in organ
369 I, 2,2(18) | hyperacutely rejected but cause coagulopathy in non-immunosuppressed
370 I, 2,4(40) | In: Retroviruses. (J.M. Coffin, S.H. Hughes, and H.E. Varmus
371 I, 1,1(11) | ever be feasible?, J Am Coll Surg 1998, 186 (4): 383-
372 II, 2,16 | solution for a patient in a coma), provided that the medical
373 I, 2,3 | pig-to-nonhuman-primate combinations. ~Small animal models. The
374 I, 2,4 | a challenge for years to come.
375 II, 2,14 | especially when it comes from an animal.(69) In the
376 I, 2,4 | extent to which one can take comfort from negative results in
377 II, 2,12(64) | Ethics, 1999, 27: 137-152; Comité Consultatif National d'Éthique
378 II, 3,19 | treatment is available. ~A commensurate moral imperative is that
379 II, 2,18(72) | Marchetti P., Ubertazzi L.C., Commentario breve al diritto della concorrenza,
380 II, 2,18 | pharmaceutical companies which have committed substantial economic resources
381 II, 2,13 | is communicated, and by common sensibilities.(66) ~In the
382 II, 2,18 | by private pharmaceutical companies which have committed substantial
383 II, 1,9(57) | E., Etica della vita. Un compendio teologico, Brescia: Queriniana
384 II, 1,7 | read: "Therefore, by their competence in secular disciplines and
385 I, 2,2(19) | human antibody binding and complement-mediated cytolysis, Nature Medicine
386 II, 2,13 | one which is not always completely thought out and which is
387 II, 2,13 | a significant subjective component, one which is not always
388 II, 2,15 | that transgenesis does not compromise the overall genetic identity
389 I, 2,2 | resulting in thrombosis, compromised blood flow and rejection.(21)
390 II, 2,18 | example, the introduction of compulsory licences), thus allowing "
391 I, 1,1(3) | Nehlsen-Canarella S.L., Concepcion W., et al. Baboon-to-human
392 II, 1,10 | acceptable. ~Certainly, the concept of "personal identity" is
393 II, 1,10 | philosophy and science.(60) More concisely, in keeping with the scope
394 II, 1,8 | one can reach the same conclusions on a practical level. ~A
395 II, 2,18(72) | Commentario breve al diritto della concorrenza, Padova, CEDAM, 1997: 1343. ~
396 II, 3,21 | bioethicists - will represent a concrete contribution to the development
397 II, 2,13 | Only when a risk can be concretely assessed it is possible
398 II, 1,12 | therapeutic procedure, on the condition that "the transplanted organ
399 II, 1,7 | their own way may they be conducive to universal progress, in
400 II, 1,8 | in principle is not in conflict with the order of the creation.
401 I, 2,4 | It is a matter open to conjecture the extent to which one
402 II, 1,10(60) | Armando, 1992; Jervis G., La conquista dell'identità: essere se
403 II, 1,11(61) | principal seat of psychological consciousness", and the "deposit" of existential
404 II, 1,11 | the inevitable objective consequences that they would produce
405 II, 2,14 | escape detection, with the consequent possibility of the spread
406 I, 3,6 | results.(47) ~There are considerable differences of opinion as
407 II, 1,11(62) | Cf. Cuer P., Quelques considérations éthiques, notamment sur
408 II, 3,19 | unequivocally positive, would constitute the basis for extending
409 II, 1,10 | that personal identity constitutes a good of the person, an
410 II, 1,7(52) | Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium, n. 36. ~
411 II, 2,12(64) | 1999, 27: 137-152; Comité Consultatif National d'Éthique pour
412 II, 2,18 | them, especially when they contain genetic elements derived
413 I, 2,4 | infection, although pig cells containing retroviral sequences were
414 II, 2,14 | constantly. One must also contemplate the possibility of placing
415 II, 3,21 | Vice-President. ~In drafting its contents, the Academy received input
416 II, 1,7(50) | biblical anthropological context, from a protological point
417 II, 3,21 | must provide rules for the continuation of scientific research,
418 II, 3,21 | will represent a concrete contribution to the development of the
419 II, 1,10 | meaning, given the different contributions of philosophy and science.(60)
420 II, 1,8 | realities of the world, controlling the other living and non-living
421 II, 2,18(72) | Washington, 1970), art.33; Convenzione del Brevetto Europeo (Munich,
422 II, 3,21 | desirability that a substantial convergence of international legislation
423 II, 1,8 | in a sort of natural "cooperation" that has constantly marked
424 II, 2,18(72) | Cf. Trattato di Cooperazione sui Brevetti (Washington,
425 II, 3,21 | possible, by means of a genuine coordination at the different levels.
426 II, 1,10 | unrepeatability and essential core to his being a person (ontological
427 II, 1,12 | the Italian Association of Corneal Donors, Clinical Ophthalmologists
428 II, 3,21 | suffering. ~Juan DE DIOS VIAL CORREA ~President ~Elio SGRECCIA ~
429 II, 2,18 | being impeded by excessive costs. This applies above all
430 II, 2,17 | into due consideration the costs-benefits balance, the huge amount
431 II, 1,12(63) | Vitae (1995) n. 86; Pont. Counc. Past. Assist. Health Care
432 II, 3,19 | waiting lists or individual counter-indications), and for whom no better
433 II, 3,19 | of solid organs, it is of course necessary that pre-clinical
434 II, 3,21 | Vice-President, International Court of Justice ~Dharmaraja,
435 I, 2,2(18) | Nature Med 1995, 1: 423-7; Cowan P.J., Aminian A., Barlow
436 II, 2,14(69) | Cf. Crafen J., Rodin G.M., Psychiatric
437 II, 1,8 | further opportunity for creative responsibility in making
438 II, 1,12 | Magisterium indicate a second criterion for the moral legitimacy
439 II, 2,12(64) | 18-24; Vanderpool H.Y., Critical Ethical Issues in Clinical
440 II, 3,21 | of Moral Theology ~Holy Cross Pontifical University Rome,
441 I, 2,4(42) | et al., 1999, Search for cross-species transmission of porcine
442 II, 2,14 | of risk that must not be crossed if a transplant operation
443 I, 1,1(8) | Xenotransplantation at a crossroad: prevention versus progress.
444 II, 1,11(62) | Cf. Cuer P., Quelques considérations
445 I, 2,5(44) | prospects for gene therapy, Curr Opin Chem Biol 1998, 2:
446 I, 3,6(47) | Laughlin B.E., Tosone C.M., Custer L.M., Mullon C., Overview
447 II, 3,21 | Vice-President ~As is the custom, this document of the Pontifical
448 I, 2,2(15) | A.G., et al., Effects of cyclosporine and antibody adsorption
449 I, 2,2(19) | and complement-mediated cytolysis, Nature Medicine 1995, 1:
450 I, 2,3(31) | Gianello P., et al., Preformed cytotoxic antibodies and ABO-incompatible
451 I, 2,2(17) | mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity by decay accelerating factor.
452 I, 2,2(16) | 673-713; Pruitt S.K., Kirk D.A., Bollinger R.R., et al.,
453 I, 2,5(44) | Cf. Harvey D.M., Caskey C.T., Inducible
454 I, 2,2(16) | Cf. Gewurz H., Clark D.S., Finstad J., et al., Role
455 I, 2,2(14) | Sandrin M.S., Vaughan H.A., Dabkowski P.L., et al., Anti-pig IgM
456 II, 2,16 | situation where there is danger of imminent death, recourse
457 II, 2,14 | animal but which are possibly dangerous for man. Such infections
458 II, 2,12(64) | Bach F.H., Fishman J.A., Daniels N., et al., Uncertainty
459 I, 1,1 | the fifth post-transplant day and spent most of his time
460 II, 1,7 | begin with, we would like to deal briefly with a fundamental
461 II, 1,10 | philosophical anthropology that deals with personal identity. (59)
462 II, 2,16 | there is danger of imminent death, recourse may be made to
463 II, 3,20 | possible. Moreover, by means of debates and public discussions in
464 I, 2,3(33) | transgenic expression of human decay-accelerating factor on the inhibition
465 II, 2,14 | spread of infections, any decision concerning clinical development
466 II, 1,7 | nature of such a question, we deem it useful to offer a short
467 II, 1,7 | This, therefore, is the deepest meaning of the action of
468 II, 1,8 | being. ~To analyse more deeply the point under discussion,
469 II, 1,10 | and duty to promote and defend the integrity of the personal
470 I, 2,4(39) | Iverson W.O., Talbot T., Definition of a production Specification
471 II, 1,7 | of God and the full and definitive bringing about of His Kingdom,
472 II, 2,13 | event (albeit with varying degrees of probability) and an event
473 II, 1,8 | is a witness to and also demonstrates the ontological superiority
474 II, 1,11 | element which inevitably depends on the subjectivity of the
475 I, 2,2(15) | Soares M., Havaux X., et al., Depletion of IgM xenoreactive natural
476 II, 1,11(61) | consciousness", and the "deposit" of existential memory,
477 II, 1,11 | the recipient or in his descendants,(61) those organs which
478 II, 2,16 | of informed consent also deserves special attention.(70) ~
479 II, 2,15 | term "knock out" is used to designate those animals in which a
480 II, 3,21 | emphasizing the importance and desirability that a substantial convergence
481 I, 2,5 | transgene would be highly desirable at a given moment after
482 II, 1,8 | rational analysis, without desiring to make use of theological
483 II, 1,7 | them to humiliating and destructive slavery in order to satisfy
484 II, 1,12 | discuss this in greater detail shortly. ~With regard to
485 II, 3,19 | of ensuring careful and detailed monitoring of the individuals
486 II, 1,8 | non-living beings according to determined purposes. It is moreover
487 II, 3,21 | countries(74) have already developed guidelines to regulate this
488 I, 3,6 | hepatocytes in artificial devices (bioartificial liver) with
489 I, 2,5 | of transgenes have been devised.(44) It may well be that
490 II, 3,21 | International Court of Justice ~Dharmaraja, Mawatha - SRI LANKA ~Representatives
491 I, 3,6 | number of patients with diabetes(45) and foetal porcine neural
492 I, 3,6(45) | Porcine fetal pancreas to diabetic patients, Lancet, 1994,
493 II, 2,14(68) | animal-to-human transplants, Dialysis and Transplantation, 1995,
494 I, 1,1 | patient was placed on an oral diet on the fifth post-transplant
495 I, 2,3 | transplanted to a rat appear to differ from acute vascular rejection
496 II, 2,18 | also aware that there is a difference between a "discovery" (which
497 I, 3,6 | There are considerable differences of opinion as to how long
498 II, 1,9 | leaves open the question of differing levels of sensibilities
499 I, 2,2 | cell response will be more difficult to overcome than the allogeneic
500 II, 1,8 | whose rational and spiritual dimensions place man at the centre
|