0-dimen | dios-occur | offer-watch | weera-zhife
bold = Main text
Part, Chapter, Paragraph grey = Comment text
501 II, 3,21 | and suffering. ~Juan DE DIOS VIAL CORREA ~President ~
502 II, 3,21 | offering helpful operational directives. ~On our part, we do not
503 II, 2,18 | address this complex question directly. ~Here, we shall limit ourselves
504 II, 1,8(55) | 49-62; D'Agostino F., I diritti degli animali, in Bioetica
505 I, 2,2 | response.(24) There are disagreements whether the xenogenic T
506 II, 1,11(61) | been ensured, and once the disassociation with procreation has been
507 II, 3,20 | promised by many recent discoveries in the field of genetics,
508 II, 2,18 | a difference between a "discovery" (which cannot be patented)
509 II, 2,18 | they may be needed, without discrimination and without being impeded
510 II, 1,12 | xenotransplantation: health risk. We shall discuss this in greater detail shortly. ~
511 II, 3,20 | means of debates and public discussions in small and large groups,
512 II, 2,13 | important to consider the distinction between risk assessment
513 II, 1,7 | these goods be more suitably distributed among all men and in their
514 II, 1,10(60) | essere se stessi, essere diversi, Milan: Feltrinelli, 1997. ~
515 II, 3,21 | virology-microbiology) ~Division of Virology, ~National Institute
516 II, 1,7 | and every man). ~Certain documents of the Second Vatican Council
517 II, 1,7(52) | Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium,
518 II, 1,7 | his Creator to subdue, to dominate, the earth. In carrying
519 II, 1,7 | gives to human beings, "dominion" over the created order,
520 I, 1,1(9) | The Pig as Potential Organ Donor for Man. In: Cooper D.K.
521 I, 1,1(5) | Cf. Marino I.R., Doyle H.R., Nour B., Starzl T.E.
522 II, 2,12(64) | University Press 2000; U.S. Dpt. Health & Human Services,
523 II, 3,21 | States) ~VATICAN CITY ~- Dr. Maria Isabel Telleria Tapia ~
524 II, 2,12(64) | guidance for industry (Draft, February 2001), (http: //
525 II, 3,21 | and Vice-President. ~In drafting its contents, the Academy
526 II, 2,18 | emphasised however that the norms drawn up by the European Community
527 II, 2,17 | remember that, even taken into due consideration the costs-benefits
528 II, 2,14(68) | example, Mohacsi P.J., Blumer E.C., Quine S. et al., Aversion
529 | each
530 II, 3,21 | many times in the Vatican earlier this year. ~Members of the
531 II, 1,7 | they (the laity) must work earnestly in order that created goods
532 II, 2,17(71) | Xenotransplantation: ethics and economics, Food Drug Law Journal 1998,
533 II, 1,8(56) | Animal Liberation, 2nd edit., 1995, Pimlico, London;
534 II, 2,13(65) | MacMillan 1995 (revised edition), 2316-2321. ~
535 II, 3,21 | Life is published under the editorship of the President and Vice-President. ~
536 Intro, 0,0(1)| donors; an assessment of the efficacy of organ procurement efforts
537 II, 3,21 | the sincere hope that the effort made on this study by those
538 Intro, 0,0(1)| efficacy of organ procurement efforts in the United States. JAMA
539 II, 1,12(63) | Paul II, Address to the Eighteenth International Congress of
540 II, 2,14(67) | Xenotransplantation aus ethischer Sicht. Eine Skizze, Zentralbl Chir 1999,
541 | either
542 II, 1,11 | strong and personal symbolic element which inevitably depends
543 I, 2,2 | hyperacute rejection is to eliminate, or greatly reduce the expression
544 | else
545 II, 3,21 | Aires, ARGENTINA ~- Prof. Emanuele Cozzi ~(xenotransplantation,
546 I, 2,3 | preliminary findings that have emerged from small animal transplants
547 II, 1,7 | Moreover, this hierarchy also emerges from a rational consideration
548 II, 2,13 | on the basis of new data emerging. ~It is important to consider
549 II, 2,18 | transplants.(72) It should be emphasised however that the norms drawn
550 II, 2,18 | shall limit ourselves to emphasising that, whatever answer may
551 II, 3,21 | therefore limit ourselves to emphasizing the importance and desirability
552 I, 3,6(47) | evaluation of the AMC-BAL to be employed in a multicenter clinical
553 II, 1,12(63) | n. 2296; John Paul II, Enc. Lett. Evangelium Vitae (
554 I, 2,4 | sequences in their DNA that encode retroviruses (PERV -Porcine
555 II, 2,13(65) | Risk, in Reich T.W. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Bioethics, vol. 4, New
556 I, 3,6(48) | role in the treatment of end-stage cardiac and pulmonary disease.
557 II, 2,18 | economic resources to this endeavour; they have also been providing
558 I, 2,3 | organ expresses genes in its endothelium and smooth muscle cells
559 Intro | transplant. Another is to ensure the correct functioning,
560 II, 1,11(61) | personal identity has been ensured, and once the disassociation
561 II, 3,19 | moral imperative is that of ensuring careful and detailed monitoring
562 II, 2,17 | its success and the risk entailed to be excessive. Faced with
563 II, 3,21 | that this document should enter into procedural political-legislative
564 II, 2,15 | manipulation, we will now enumerate some fundamental ethical
565 I, 2,4 | derived), carefully controlled environments and routine monitoring of
566 I, 2,2(19) | Mouhtouris E., et al., Enzymatic remodeling of the carbohydrate
567 II, 2,14 | quarantine to prevent the epidemic spread of an infection.
568 I, 2,2(14) | predominantly with Gal(a1-3) Gal epitopes, PNAS 1993, 90: 11391-5. ~
569 II, 1,9 | different species and that of equilibrium among species and within
570 II, 2,18 | right of every person to equitable access to the health care
571 II, 3,21 | Palermo, ITALY ~- Prof. Eraldo Seren ~(xenotransplantation,
572 II, 2,14 | man. Such infections could escape detection, with the consequent
573 II, 1,10 | individual's unrepeatability and essential core to his being a person (
574 II, 2,14 | being gathered, can help to establish the threshold of risk that
575 II, 3,21 | Research London, UK ~for the ethical-anthropological section: ~- The Rev. Maurizio
576 II, 1,11(62) | Quelques considérations éthiques, notamment sur l'identité
577 II, 2,14(67) | Xenotransplantation aus ethischer Sicht. Eine Skizze, Zentralbl
578 II, 1,9(57) | found in Schockenhoff E., Etica della vita. Un compendio
579 II, 2,18 | the norms drawn up by the European Community to regulate this
580 II, 2,18(72) | Convenzione del Brevetto Europeo (Munich, 1973), 54-57; vedi
581 II, 2,13 | possible to apply criteria for evaluating its acceptability. ~Lastly,
582 II, 1,12(63) | John Paul II, Enc. Lett. Evangelium Vitae (1995) n. 86; Pont.
583 Intro, 0,0(1)| Cf. Evans R., Orians C., Ascher N.,
584 II, 2,14 | with the patient, leading eventually to its being spread to the
585 | ever
586 | everything
587 II, 1,7 | in six days",(50) it is evident that God established a hierarchy
588 I, 2,4(40) | endogenous retroviruses, and the evolution of retroelements, Chapter
589 I, 2,2(16) | cardiac tissue injury in an ex vivo model of pig-to-human
590 Intro | considerations, as well as an examination of legal issues and procedural
591 II, 3,21(74) | To give a few examples of some important organizations
592 II, 1,8 | civilization. ~Such a position of "excellence" is a witness to and also
593 | except
594 II, 1,7(51) | Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens, n. 4. ~
595 II, 1,11(61) | consciousness", and the "deposit" of existential memory, the gonads are likewise
596 II, 2,18 | therefore reasonable for them to expect an economic return on the
597 I, 2,2 | rejection can be overcome, it is expected that there will be a xenograft
598 II, 2,15 | pain, suffering and anxiety experienced by the animal; ~2. The effects
599 II, 2,13 | revise the design of the experiment on the basis of new data
600 II, 3,21 | work group with specific expertise in the various disciplines
601 II, 2,13 | to the known requires the exploration of new approaches which
602 II, 1,12 | transplant with success, without exposing the recipient to excessive
603 I, 2,3 | that the surviving organ expresses genes in its endothelium
604 II, 3,19 | constitute the basis for extending the practice of xenotransplantation,
605 I, 3,6(47) | Mullon C., Overview of extracorporeal liver support system and
606 II, 2,18 | therefore stress that, given the extraordinary financial commitment that
607 II, 1,8 | includes two opposing and extreme viewpoints.(56) There are
608 I, 2,2(16) | Kobayashi T., Neethling F.A., Koren E., et al., In vitro
609 II, 3,21 | Maurizio P. Faggioni, O.F.M. ~(moral theology, bioethics) ~
610 II, 2,17 | entailed to be excessive. Faced with these doubts, it is
611 II, 1,8 | sufficient to show an irrefutable fact clearly: it is man who
612 II, 3,21 | Anthropology ~Southern Italy Faculty of Theology Naples, ITALY ~-
613 I, 1,1 | transplanted to a baby (Baby Fae) that survived briefly;(3)
614 I, 2,5 | biotechnology that might favour further development of xenotransplantation
615 II, 2,12(64) | February 2001), (http: //www.fda.gov/ cber/guidelines.htm). ~
616 II, 1 | creation; 2) the ethical feasibility of using animals to improve
617 I, 1,1(11) | xenotransplantation ever be feasible?, J Am Coll Surg 1998, 186 (
618 II, 2,12(64) | guidance for industry (Draft, February 2001), (http: //www.fda.
619 II, 2,14(68) | 378: 434; National Kidney Federation, Survey reveals positive
620 II, 1,10 | ontological level) and feeling that he is a person (psychological
621 II, 2,14(68) | Survey reveals positive feelings on animal-to-human transplants,
622 II, 3,21 | Hospital Naples, ITALY ~- Prof. Felix Cantarovich ~(transplantation,
623 II, 1,8(56) | Paul; Christian Medical Fellowship, Animal experimentation,
624 II, 1,10(60) | essere diversi, Milan: Feltrinelli, 1997. ~
625 II, 1,7 | humans, whom God created as female and male, and whose full
626 I, 2,2(26) | Cf. Bach F.H., Ferran C., Soares M., et al., Modification
627 I, 2,5(43) | microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei, Science. 2000, 289:
628 II, 3,21 | respect to the specific fields of health-related policies
629 I, 1,1 | placed on an oral diet on the fifth post-transplant day and
630 I, 3,6 | significant improvement on current figures must be achieved before
631 II, 1,7 | fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it" (
632 II, 1,8(55) | nella prospettiva della filosofia del diritto, 1997, Giappichelli
633 I, 2,2 | almost certainly occur. Finally, xenografts may also be
634 II, 2,18 | given the extraordinary financial commitment that has been
635 II, 2,18 | have also been providing financing to public institutions for
636 II, 1,10 | organ into a human body finds an ethical limit in the
637 I, 2,2(16) | Gewurz H., Clark D.S., Finstad J., et al., Role of the
638 II, 2,12(64) | Press, 1996; Bach F.H., Fishman J.A., Daniels N., et al.,
639 I, 2,2 | The bound antibodies fix and activate complement,
640 I, 2,2 | thrombosis, compromised blood flow and rejection.(21) Acute
641 I, 3,6 | patients with diabetes(45) and foetal porcine neural cells have
642 II, 2,17 | for trials. Therefore, the foreseeable collective benefits that
643 II, 3,19 | a situation which could foreseeably continue for the rest of
644 II, 2,17 | Xenotransplantation certainly represents a form of possible treatment requiring
645 II, 2,18 | acquiring patents . ~From a formal point of view, there is
646 II, 3,21(74) | the approval of the newly formed Agency for the Security
647 II, 2,17 | take away from the other forms of therapeutic treatment
648 II, 1,8 | reflection that will help to formulate an ethical assessment on
649 I, 2,2(18) | 2504-15; Lavitrano M., Forni M., Varzi V., et al., Sperm-mediated
650 II, 3,21 | General Secretary of Lanza Foundation Padova, ITALY ~- Msgr. Angel
651 II, 1,8 | earth; this superiority is founded on the very nature of the
652 I, 2,2 | Xenografting ~2. There are four immunological barriers that
653 II, 3,21(74) | currently being examined by the French National Ethics Committee
654 II, 2,13 | percentage or as a statistical frequency. Furthermore, the presence
655 II, 3,21 | scientific section: ~-Prof. Fritz H. Bach ~(xenotransplantation,
656 II, 1,7 | its final perfection. "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the
657 I, 2,2(15) | Leventhal J.R., John R., Fryer J.P., et al., Removal of
658 II, 1,7(50) | used in Gn 1: 1-31; for a fuller understanding of the biblical
659 II, 1,8 | design that indicates all the fullness of the sense of reality. ~
660 II, 3,21 | School Boston, USA ~-Prof. Fulvio Calise ~(xenotransplantation,
661 I, 3,6 | perform life-supporting functions.(48) At present, survival
662 I, 1,1(4) | Cf. Starzl T.E., Fung J.J., Tzakis A.G., et al.,
663 I, 2,2(16) | of anticomplement agents FUT-175 and K76COOH, in the prevention
664 I, 2,3(33) | Yannoutsos N., Langford G.A. et al., Effect of transgenic
665 I, 2,2 | towards a sugar moiety, the Gal-a (1,3)-Gal-ß (1,4)-GlcNac
666 I, 2,2 | moiety, the Gal-a (1,3)-Gal-ß (1,4)-GlcNac antigens of
667 I, 2,2 | by knocking out the 1,3 galactosyl transferase gene, which
668 II, 3,21 | Rome, ITALY ~- Msgr. Nunzio Galantino ~(philosophical anthropology) ~
669 II, 1,11(61) | gametogenesis (the production of gametes); they represent, in a manner
670 II, 1,11(61) | are organs charged with gametogenesis (the production of gametes);
671 II, 1,11(61) | purpose of supplying the gametogenetic function - be morally acceptable.
672 II, 2,14 | together with new data being gathered, can help to establish the
673 II, 1,7 | fundamental question that, generally, is posed by the different
674 I, 2,2(18) | Cozzi E., White D.J.G., The generation of transgenic pigs as potential
675 II, 3,21 | possible, by means of a genuine coordination at the different
676 I, 1,1(6) | Michaels M.G., Jenkins F.J., St George K., Nalesnik M.A., Starzl
677 II, 2,14 | could affect the patient's germ cells. Sexual abstinence
678 II, 3,21(74) | Health. In Germany, the German Medical Council has established
679 II, 3,21(74) | the Ministry of Health. In Germany, the German Medical Council
680 I, 2,2(16) | Cf. Gewurz H., Clark D.S., Finstad
681 I, 2,3(31) | Alexandre G.P.J, Latinne D., Gianello P., et al., Preformed cytotoxic
682 II, 1,8(55) | xenotrapianti, in L'arco di Giano, 1999; 21: 49-62; D'Agostino
683 II, 1,8(55) | filosofia del diritto, 1997, Giappichelli Ed., Torino, pp. 239-265. ~
684 II, 1,12(63) | 1991) in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, XIV/1, 1991, p.
685 II, 1,8(55) | animale nelle tradizioni giudaico-cristiane e la sfida degli xenotrapianti,
686 II, 2,16 | if a patient incapable of giving valid consent should find
687 I, 2,2 | Gal-a (1,3)-Gal-ß (1,4)-GlcNac antigens of the pig, also
688 II, 1,7 | order to achieve the final goal of all creation: the glory
689 II, 2,13 | predicted or assessed. Before going on, therefore, it may be
690 II, 1,11(61) | Faggioni, Il trapianto di gonadi. Storia e attualità, Med.
691 II, 1,7 | asserts that "this natural goodness of theirs (of the realities
692 II, 2,12(64) | 2001), (http: //www.fda.gov/ cber/guidelines.htm). ~
693 II, 1,7 | interiorly raised up by grace, they (the laity) must work
694 I, 2,3(31) | antibodies and ABO-incompatible grafts, Clin Transpl 1991; 5:
695 I, 2,2 | rejection is to eliminate, or greatly reduce the expression of "
696 II, 1,10(60) | Cf. Grinberg L. and R., Identità e cambiamento,
697 I, 3,6(45) | Cf. Groth C.G., Korsgren 0., Tibell,
698 II, 2,18 | as a bare minimum - to guarantee respect for the fundamental
699 II, 2,15 | modified animals should be guaranteed so that the effect of the
700 II, 3,21 | of scientific research, guaranteeing its validity and safety;
701 II, 2,12(64) | Xenotransplantation products in humans: guidance for industry (Draft, February
702 I, 2,2(15) | 141: 95-125; Rydberg L., Hallberg E., Bjorck S., et al., Studies
703 I, 2,2(21) | Cf. Hancock W.W., Delayed xenograft
704 I, 2,4 | monitoring of pigs and their handlers. These steps appear to have
705 II, 2,12(64) | Proceedings, 1992, 24: 722-727; Hanson M.J., The Seductive Sirens
706 II, 2,14 | pathogenic agents which are not harmful to the animal but which
707 II, 1,8 | revealed in a universal harmonic and orderly design that
708 II, 3,21 | xenotransplantation, immunogenetics) ~Harvard Medical School Boston, USA ~-
709 I, 2,5(44) | Cf. Harvey D.M., Caskey C.T., Inducible
710 II, 2,12(64) | of Xenotransplantation, Hastings Center Report 1995, 25:
711 I, 2,2(15) | Latinne D., Soares M., Havaux X., et al., Depletion of
712 I, 2,2 | results with transgenic hDAF-expressing pigs, it appears that hyperacute
713 II, 3,21 | clinical experimentation) ~Head of Hepatobiliary Surgery
714 II, 3,21 | to the specific fields of health-related policies and legislation
715 II, 3,21 | xenotransplantation, it is our heartfelt hope that the considerations
716 II, 1,9(58) | which certain animals were held to be impure (cf. Lv 11:
717 II, 3,21 | complex sector, offering helpful operational directives. ~
718 I, 2,4(42) | Langford G., Zhifeng L., Heneine, Sandstrom P., Switzer W.,
719 II, 3,21 | experimentation) ~Head of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplants ~
720 I, 3,6 | multicentre studies using pig hepatocytes in artificial devices (bioartificial
721 II, 1,7(54) | Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, Book 4, 20, 7. ~
722 I, 2,3 | do life-supporting work (heterotopic transplant).(35) When placed
723 I, 1,1(2) | Schlegel J.U., et al. Renal heterotransplantation in man, Ann Surg, 1964,
724 II, 2,13 | contrary, a risk that causes a high level of damage, however
725 II, 1,9 | humans have a unique and higher dignity. However, humans
726 II, 3,21 | Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road - Cambridge, UK ~-
727 I, 2,4 | a continuing concern and hinders the move to clinical trials,
728 II, 2,18 | xenotransplantation has hitherto in large measure been carried
729 I, 3,6(46) | Cf. Brevig T., Holgersson J., Widner H., Xenotransplantation
730 II, 3,21 | ITALY ~- Prof. Bonifacio Honings, O.C.D. ~(moral theology) ~
731 II, 2,18 | accessible prices(73) which would hopefully be controlled by a supranational
732 II, 1,11(61) | to restore a sufficient hormonal function); once the integrity
733 II, 1,11(61) | performed exclusively for hormonogenetic purposes (that is, to restore
734 I, 2,4 | exposure was for only one hour or a little more. In a few
735 I, 1,1 | recipient survive more than 24 hours.(7) ~While non-human primates
736 II, 2,12(64) | fda.gov/ cber/guidelines.htm). ~
737 II, 2,17(71) | xenotransplantation, Law Hum Genome Rev 2000 Jan-Jun; (
738 II, 1,7 | creatures, reducing them to humiliating and destructive slavery
739 I, 3,6 | from Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease or strokes.(46)
740 II, 2,14 | therapy can only be based on hypothesis. There is, therefore, an
741 I, 2,4 | include the birth of pigs by hysterotomy (caesarean derived), carefully
742 II, 2,13(66) | xenotransplantation: Appel J.Z., Alwayn I.P., Cooper D.K., Xenotransplantation:
743 I, 1,1(5) | Cf. Marino I.R., Doyle H.R., Nour B., Starzl
744 II, 1,7 | the laity takes up this idea when it asserts that "this
745 I, 2,2(14) | C., Malcom A.J. et al., Identification of carbohydrate structures
746 I, 2,4 | disease in humans have been identified.(38) Development of "clean"
747 II, 3,20 | representatives, should help to identify the conditions under which
748 II, 1,11(62) | éthiques, notamment sur l'identité lors de xénotrasplantations,
749 II, 1,10(59) | cultural: language, religion, ideology, etc.; group - social -
750 I, 2,2(15) | baboon and human antiporcine IgG and IgM natural antibodies
751 II, 3,21 | Life VATICAN CITY ~- Msgr. Ignacio Carrasco De Paula ~(moral
752 II, 3,21 | Sapienza" Rome, ITALY ~- Prof. Ignazio Marino ~(transplantation) ~
753 II, 2,13 | experimentation. Indeed, to move from ignorance to knowledge, from the unknown
754 II, 1,11(61) | regard, see M.P. Faggioni, Il trapianto di gonadi. Storia
755 Intro | treating a variety of human illnesses. However, the number of
756 II, 1,7 | must be introduced? ~From imagery of the account of creation "
757 I, 3,6 | cells and tissues are not immediately perfused with recipient
758 I, 2,2 | hyperacute rejection of an immediately-vascularized organ. Pre-existing xenoreactive
759 II, 2,16 | where there is danger of imminent death, recourse may be made
760 I, 2,2 | tolerance (non-reactivity of the immune system of the recipient
761 II, 3,21 | Bach ~(xenotransplantation, immunogenetics) ~Harvard Medical School
762 I, 2,2 | Rejection: Immunology of Organ Xenografting ~2.
763 I, 2,2(13) | J., Matas A.J., et al., Immunopathology of hyperacute xenograft
764 II, 1 | objective and subjective impact that an organ or tissue
765 II, 2,18 | discrimination and without being impeded by excessive costs. This
766 II, 1,10 | conclude that, in general, the implantation of a foreign organ into
767 II, 3,21 | ourselves to emphasizing the importance and desirability that a
768 II, 2,13 | which is not theoretically impossible but which is so improbable
769 II, 2,15 | and towards the pursuit of improving health by means of certain
770 II, 1,9(58) | animals were held to be impure (cf. Lv 11: 3-8, 26-29),
771 II, 2,16 | However, if a patient incapable of giving valid consent
772 I, 2,4 | way.(39) Control measures include the birth of pigs by hysterotomy (
773 II, 1,8 | issue, contemporary thinking includes two opposing and extreme
774 II, 1,8 | its existing resources (including animals) in a wise and responsible
775 I, 1,1 | human. Possible molecular incompatibility of those proteins poses
776 I, 1,1 | animals both because of the increased risk of transmission of
777 | Indeed
778 II, 1,11 | their specific function, independently of their symbolic implications.
779 II, 3,19 | rules of informed consent indicated above, to involve initially
780 II, 1,8 | and orderly design that indicates all the fullness of the
781 II, 1,10(59) | be noted that "identity indicators" in human beings are many (
782 II, 1,11 | encephalon and the gonads, are indissolubly linked with the personal
783 I, 2,5(44) | Harvey D.M., Caskey C.T., Inducible control of gene expression:
784 II, 2,12(64) | in humans: guidance for industry (Draft, February 2001), (
785 II, 1,11 | legitimate, because of the inevitable objective consequences that
786 II, 1,11 | personal symbolic element which inevitably depends on the subjectivity
787 I, 2,4 | that pig retroviruses could infect human cells in vitro.(41)
788 II, 3,21 | potential risks (especially infective) connected with xenotransplantation.
789 I, 2,2 | antibodies and by the possible infiltration of host inflammatory cells,
790 II, 2,13 | thought out and which is influenced by culture, by the information
791 I, 2,3 | cases, other human genes inhibiting complement cascade, coupled
792 I, 2,2(18) | functional human complement inhibitor in a transgenic pig as a
793 I, 2,2 | which a human protein that inhibits human complement activation
794 II, 3,19 | indicated above, to involve initially only a restricted group
795 I, 3,6 | porcine neural cells have been injected into a significant number
796 I, 2,2(15) | xenoreactive natural antibodies by injection of anti-mu monoclonal antibodies,
797 II, 3,21 | contents, the Academy received input from an international work
798 II, 1,12(63) | Transplantation (20 June 1991) in Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, XIV/
799 I, 2,5 | longer be functional. For instance, the gene that leads to
800 | instead
801 II, 2,18 | providing financing to public institutions for the purpose of obtaining
802 II, 2,14 | quite limited and certainly insufficient to provide reliable statistics
803 II, 1,7 | towards the authentic and integral good of man (the whole man
804 II, 2,14 | patient in the process of integration. ~
805 II, 2,18(73) | WIPO/OMPI, Introduction to Intellectual Property: Theory and Practice,
806 II, 2,18(73) | aspetti della proprietà intellettuale relativi al commercio (Marrakech,
807 II, 1,8 | well to consider what the intention of the Creator was in bringing
808 II, 3,20 | topics of greatest public interest with regard to the potential
809 I, 2,3 | these two situations. An interesting finding regarding accommodation
810 II, 3,21(74) | Kingdom Xenotransplantation Interim Regulatory Authority, and
811 II, 1,7 | disciplines and by their activity, interiorly raised up by grace, they (
812 II, 1 | the acceptability of man's intervening in the order of the creation;
813 II, 1,7 | Human intervention in the created order ~7.
814 II, 1,10 | a good of the person, an intrinsic quality of his very being,
815 I, 2,2 | natural killer cells, that invade the xenograft.(20) Endothelial
816 II, 2,18 | cannot be patented) and an "invention" (which can be patented).
817 II, 2,18 | an economic return on the investment made; one of the possible
818 II, 3,19 | consent indicated above, to involve initially only a restricted
819 I, 3,6 | proceeds to clinical trials involving the transplantation of pig
820 II, 1,8 | is sufficient to show an irrefutable fact clearly: it is man
821 II, 3,21 | VATICAN CITY ~- Dr. Maria Isabel Telleria Tapia ~Secretariate
822 I, 2,2 | thrombosis, rapid graft ischemia and rejection. Elimination
823 I, 3,6 | transplants. Porcine pancreatic islets have been transplanted into
824 I, 2,3 | in primates is not clear. Isolated cases of accommodation have
825 II, 2,18(73) | 150; Accordo di Marrakech istitutivo dell'Organizzazione Mondiale
826 I, 2,4(39) | Cf. Iverson W.O., Talbot T., Definition
827 I, 2,5(43) | 407: 86-90; Onishi A., Iwamoto M., Akita T., et al., Pig
828 II, 2,17(71) | Law Hum Genome Rev 2000 Jan-Jun; (12): 245-6. ~
829 I, 1,1(6) | Cf. Michaels M.G., Jenkins F.J., St George K., Nalesnik
830 II, 1,10(60) | cambiamento, Roma: Armando, 1992; Jervis G., La conquista dell'identità:
831 II, 3,21 | University Rome, ITALY ~- Prof. Jonathan P. Stoye ~(xenotransplantation,
832 II, 3,21 | disease and suffering. ~Juan DE DIOS VIAL CORREA ~President ~
833 II, 2,13 | should be examined when judging the legitimacy of xenotransplantation
834 II, 3,21 | participated in it - scientists, jurists, theologians and bioethicists -
835 II, 1,8 | human suffering could not justify the use of animals unless
836 I, 2,2(16) | anticomplement agents FUT-175 and K76COOH, in the prevention of hyperacute
837 II, 1,10 | More concisely, in keeping with the scope of this document,
838 II, 1,8(56) | 1983, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Christian Medical
839 II, 2,12(64) | Animal-to-Human Organ Transplantation, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal,
840 I, 3,6(48) | Cf. Cooper D.K.C., Keogh A.M., Brink J., et al.,
841 I, 2,2(16) | 129: 673-713; Pruitt S.K., Kirk D.A., Bollinger R.R., et
842 II, 2,18(73) | Property: Theory and Practice, Kluwer Law International, London
843 II, 2,15 | In contrast, the term "knock out" is used to designate
844 I, 2,2 | of "a-gal" from pigs by knocking out the 1,3 galactosyl transferase
845 I, 2,2(16) | Transplantation 1994, 57: 363-70; Kobayashi T., Neethling F.A., Koren
846 I, 2,2(16) | Kobayashi T., Neethling F.A., Koren E., et al., In vitro and
847 I, 3,6(45) | Cf. Groth C.G., Korsgren 0., Tibell, A., et al.,
848 II, 2,17(71) | Cf. Kress J.M., Xenotransplantation:
849 I, 2,2(16) | Trans Proc 1996, 28: 604; Kroshus T.J., Rollins S.A., Dalmasso
850 I, 2,2(18) | L., Williams B.L., Matis L.A., et al., Expression of a
851 II, 2,18(72) | Marchetti P., Ubertazzi L.C., Commentario breve al diritto
852 I, 3,6(47) | E., Tosone C.M., Custer L.M., Mullon C., Overview of
853 II, 1,7(51) | Paul II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens, n. 4. ~
854 II, 1,7 | created goods through human labour, technical skill and civil
855 II, 3,21 | Dharmaraja, Mawatha - SRI LANKA ~Representatives of the
856 II, 2,18 | measure been carried out largely by private pharmaceutical
857 | last
858 II, 2,13 | evaluating its acceptability. ~Lastly, it is necessary to distinguish
859 | later
860 I, 3,6(47) | Cf. Mc Laughlin B.E., Tosone C.M., Custer
861 II, 2,18(73) | Mondiale del Commercio, Annesso lC: Accordo sugli aspetti
862 II, 1,9 | primates or nonprimates), but leaves open the question of differing
863 I, 1,1 | time in a regular ward, leaving the hospital briefly on
864 II, 1,11 | last can never be morally legitimate, because of the inevitable
865 I, 2,2 | survival for a far greater length of time than is seen in
866 II, 2,12(64) | National d'Éthique pour les Sciences de la vie et de
867 II, 1,12(63) | 2296; John Paul II, Enc. Lett. Evangelium Vitae (1995)
868 II, 1,7(51) | John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens, n. 4. ~
869 I, 2,2(15) | Cf. Leventhal J.R., John R., Fryer J.P.,
870 I, 2,2(15) | 294-300; Cooper D.K.C., Lexer G., Rose A.G., et al., Effects
871 II, 1,8(56) | Cf. Singer P., Animal Liberation, 2nd edit., 1995, Pimlico,
872 II, 1,7 | in human and Christian liberty".(52) Also the decree of
873 II, 2,18 | introduction of compulsory licences), thus allowing "production"
874 II, 1,11(61) | case be considered morally licit, neither can an eventual
875 II, 1,7 | possibility itself that man may licitly intervene in the realities
876 II, 2,16 | the hypothetical case of a life-saving xenotransplant as a temporary
877 I, 2,3(34) | nonhuman primates receiving lifesupporting transgenic porcine kidney
878 | like
879 | likely
880 II, 1,11(61) | existential memory, the gonads are likewise related, insofar as they
881 II, 1,7 | must be adopted and what limitations must be introduced? ~From
882 II, 1,8 | Furthermore, even if one limits oneself to a purely rational
883 I, 2,4 | Development of "clean" lines of source animals, with
884 II, 1,11 | gonads, are indissolubly linked with the personal identity
885 II, 3,21(74) | guidelines in this area, we list the following: the Council
886 II, 3,19 | whether because of waiting lists or individual counter-indications),
887 II, 2,17 | need to try to save the lives of so many patients who
888 II, 3,21 | national, regional and local level - are responsible
889 I, 2,4(42) | Switzer W., Chapman L., Lockey C., Onions D., THE XEN111
890 I, 2,3 | orthotopic transplant), the longest survival periods have been
891 II, 1,7 | not that of arbitrarily "lording it over" the other creatures,
892 II, 1,11(62) | notamment sur l'identité lors de xénotrasplantations,
893 I, 1,1(10) | Cf. Loss M., Vangerow B., Schmidtko
894 I, 2,2 | and obliteration of the lumens of blood vessels. ~
895 II, 3,21 | Msgr. Angel Rodriguez Luo ~(moral theology, bioethics) ~
896 II, 1,9(58) | were held to be impure (cf. Lv 11: 3-8, 26-29), is considered
897 I, 2,2 | endothelial cells prevented lysis of those cells and would
898 I, 1,1(6) | Cf. Michaels M.G., Jenkins F.J., St George
899 II, 2,13(65) | Bioethics, vol. 4, New York: MacMillan 1995 (revised edition),
900 I, 2,2 | chronic" rejection. The main pathology of chronic graft
901 II, 2,15 | an animal whose genetic make-up has been modified by the
902 I, 2,2(14) | Good A.H., Cooper D.K.C., Malcom A.J. et al., Identification
903 II, 1,7 | God created as female and male, and whose full human dignity
904 I, 2,4 | As is true for all other mammalian species, pigs have sequences
905 II, 2,13 | risk assessment and risk management. To achieve an ethical assessment,
906 I, 3,6(47) | 875: 310-325; Calise F., Mancini A., Amoroso P. et al., Functional
907 II, 1,8 | ontological superiority of mankind over the other beings of
908 II, 2,18(72) | 1973), 54-57; vedi anche Marchetti P., Ubertazzi L.C., Commentario
909 II, 3,21 | States) ~VATICAN CITY ~- Dr. Maria Isabel Telleria Tapia ~Secretariate
910 II, 3,21 | Cambridge, UK ~- Prof. Marialuisa Lavitrano ~(xenotransplantation,
911 II, 1,8 | cooperation" that has constantly marked the different stages of
912 II, 2,12(64) | This Little Piggy Went to Market: The Xenotransplantation
913 I, 1,1 | adequately functioning liver mass, sufficient to sustain life.
914 I, 2,2(13) | Platt J.L., Fischel R.J., Matas A.J., et al., Immunopathology
915 I, 2,2(18) | Fodor W.L., Williams B.L., Matis L.A., et al., Expression
916 II, 3,21 | of Justice ~Dharmaraja, Mawatha - SRI LANKA ~Representatives
917 I, 1,1(2) | Cf. Reemtsma K., McCracken B.H., Schlegel J.U., et
918 I, 2,2(21) | Platt J.L., Lin S.S. and McGregor C.G.A., Acute vascular rejection,
919 II, 2,13 | this does not necessarily mean, however, that a total "
920 I, 2,4 | is under way.(39) Control measures include the birth of pigs
921 I, 2,2(13) | G.M., Fischel R.J., et al., Mechanisms of complement activation
922 II, 3,21 | Marino ~(transplantation) ~ Mediterranean Institute for Transplants
923 II, 3,21 | Xenotransplant Project" ~Member of Working Group on Xenotransplantation
924 II, 3,21 | Vatican earlier this year. ~Members of the work group are the
925 I, 2,2 | activation is introduced into the membrane of pig endothelial cells.
926 II, 1,11(61) | deposit" of existential memory, the gonads are likewise
927 II, 2,16 | should an infection, as mentioned above, set in. In a strict
928 II, 1,8 | animals are totally at the mercy of man. In the former case,
929 I, 2,2 | antibodies provides one method to overcome hyperacute rejection.(15)
930 I, 1,1(6) | Cf. Michaels M.G., Jenkins F.J., St George
931 I, 2,5(43) | et al., Pig cloning by microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei,
932 II, 1,10(60) | stessi, essere diversi, Milan: Feltrinelli, 1997. ~
933 I, 2,3 | primates by a process that mimics acute vascular rejection,
934 II, 3,19 | 19.~ Bearing in mind all that has been said above,
935 Intro | Also, there is the need to minimize the likelihood of the introduction
936 II, 3,21(74) | Health Products and of the Ministry of Health. In Germany, the
937 II, 2,16 | personal. For this reason, minors and those unable to give
938 II, 1,9 | possible to overcome initial misgivings by providing the necessary
939 II, 1,9(58) | abolished by Christ (cf. Mk 7: 14-23; Acts 10: 14-
940 II, 1,10 | organ into the human body modifies a person's identity and
941 I, 2,2 | primarily towards a sugar moiety, the Gal-a (1,3)-Gal-ß (
942 I, 2,2 | pig endothelial cells. The molecule first tested was human Decay
943 II, 2,18(73) | istitutivo dell'Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio, Annesso lC:
944 II, 2,14 | well-established criteria,(67) and to monitor the patient very closely
945 II, 1,11(61) | Storia e attualità, Med. Mor., 1998, 48, 15-46. ~
946 II, 2,17(71) | 53 (2): 353-384; Urruela Mora A., Workshop on the ethical,
947 I, 2,2(19) | Sandrin M.S., Fodor W.L., Mouhtouris E., et al., Enzymatic remodeling
948 I, 3 | Moving to the clinical phase ~
949 I, 3,6(47) | Tosone C.M., Custer L.M., Mullon C., Overview of extracorporeal
950 I, 3,6(47) | AMC-BAL to be employed in a multicenter clinical trial for acute
951 I, 3,6 | failure have taken part in multicentre studies using pig hepatocytes
952 II, 1,7 | perfection. "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and
953 II, 2,18(72) | Convenzione del Brevetto Europeo (Munich, 1973), 54-57; vedi anche
954 I, 1,1(11) | Starzl T.E., Rao A.S., Murase N., et al., Will xenotransplantation
955 II, 2,15 | genetic identity of the mutated animal or its species, and
956 I, 2,3(30) | precipitate rejection of naive xenografts, J Immunol. 1999
957 I, 1,1(6) | Jenkins F.J., St George K., Nalesnik M.A., Starzl T.E., Rinaldo
958 II, 1,7(50) | reference is made to the narrative scheme, of a theological-liturgical
959 I, 2,2(26) | inflammation and apoptosis, Nat. Med 1997. 3: 944-8. ~
960 I, 2,2(18) | hyperacute organ rejection, Proc Natl Acad Sci 1994, 91: 11153-
961 II, 2,13 | that the event produces. Naturally, a very probable risk is
962 II, 2,13 | should be used; this does not necessarily mean, however, that a total "
963 II, 1,9 | prevented; criteria of real necessity and reasonableness must
964 II, 1,8 | animals for his primary needs (food, work, clothing, etc.)
965 I, 2,2(16) | 57: 363-70; Kobayashi T., Neethling F.A., Koren E., et al.,
966 I, 2,4 | one can take comfort from negative results in persons exposed
967 II, 3,20 | of scientists should not neglect to explore therapeutic paths
968 I, 1,1(3) | Cf. Bailey L.L., Nehlsen-Canarella S.L., Concepcion W., et
969 | neither
970 II, 1,8(55) | degli animali, in Bioetica nella prospettiva della filosofia
971 II, 1,8(55) | rapporti tra uomo e animale nelle tradizioni giudaico-cristiane
972 I, 1,1(3) | xenotransplantation in a neonate, JAMA, 1985, 254: 3321. ~
973 II, 3,21(74) | the Health Council of the Netherlands, the Swedish Committee on
974 I, 3,6 | diabetes(45) and foetal porcine neural cells have been injected
975 I, 3,6(46) | to overcome them, Trends Neurosci 2000; 23: 337-44. ~
976 II, 3,21 | Theology ~- Msgr. Osvaldo Neves de Almeida ~(international
977 II, 3,21(74) | need the approval of the newly formed Agency for the Security
978 I, 1,1 | striking success was the nine-month survival of a chimpanzee
979 | ninety
980 II, 1,12(63) | Health Care Workers (1995), nn. 83-91; John Paul II, Address
981 I, 2,2(18) | but cause coagulopathy in non-immunosuppressed baboons, Transplantation
982 II, 1,8 | controlling the other living and non-living beings according to determined
983 I, 2,2 | might achieve tolerance (non-reactivity of the immune system of
984 | None
985 | nonetheless
986 II, 2,18 | should be considered "nonpatentable", we nonetheless believe
987 II, 1,9 | species (nonhuman primates or nonprimates), but leaves open the question
988 I, 2,3 | survival. In most cases, normal pig organs are rejected
989 II, 1,11(62) | considérations éthiques, notamment sur l'identité lors de xénotrasplantations,
990 II, 2,14 | xenotransplantation. ~First of all, we note that there are issues connected
991 I, 1,1(5) | Marino I.R., Doyle H.R., Nour B., Starzl T.E. Baboon liver
992 I, 2,5(43) | Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic
993 I, 2,5(43) | microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei, Science. 2000, 289: 1188-
994 II, 3,21 | Academy Rome, ITALY ~- Msgr. Nunzio Galantino ~(philosophical
995 I, 2,2 | muscle cell proliferation and obliteration of the lumens of blood vessels. ~
996 II, 2,18 | is no technical or legal obstacle standing in the way of the
997 II, 2,18 | institutions for the purpose of obtaining better therapeutic results.
998 II, 1,8 | improve his health; the obvious starting point here is the
999 I, 1,1 | hospital briefly on one occasion.(5) However, in one of the
1000 I, 1,1 | briefly;(3) however, rejection occurred within a few weeks. In the
1001 II, 2,14 | the real probability of occurrences and spread of infections,
1002 II, 1,8 | to man by other creatures occurs in different ways according
|