0-dimen | dios-occur | offer-watch | weera-zhife
bold = Main text
Part, Chapter, Paragraph grey = Comment text
1003 II, 3,21 | that the considerations offered in the present document
1004 II, 3,21 | regulate this complex sector, offering helpful operational directives. ~
1005 II, 1,12 | demonstrated by certain official pronouncements of the Magisterium
1006 II, 1,9(58) | The Old Testament precept by which
1007 II, 2,18(73) | Cf. WIPO/OMPI, Introduction to Intellectual
1008 II, 1,8 | Furthermore, even if one limits oneself to a purely rational analysis,
1009 I, 2,5(43) | Nature. 2000, 407: 86-90; Onishi A., Iwamoto M., Akita T.,
1010 II, 3,21 | sector, offering helpful operational directives. ~On our part,
1011 II, 1,12 | Corneal Donors, Clinical Ophthalmologists and Legal Medicine, 14 May
1012 II, 1,8 | represents for man a further opportunity for creative responsibility
1013 II, 1,8 | contemporary thinking includes two opposing and extreme viewpoints.(56)
1014 I, 3,6 | permanent replacement organ, the option of using pig organs as "
1015 I, 1,1 | patient was placed on an oral diet on the fifth post-transplant
1016 II, 1,8 | a universal harmonic and orderly design that indicates all
1017 II, 1,8(56) | 1997, (http: //www.cmf.org.uk, 10/7/2001). ~
1018 II, 3,21(74) | examples of some important organizations that have drafted guidelines
1019 II, 3,21 | must offer criteria for organizing the necessary information
1020 II, 2,18(73) | Marrakech istitutivo dell'Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio,
1021 Intro, 0,0(1)| Cf. Evans R., Orians C., Ascher N., The potential
1022 I, 2,3 | having to support life (orthotopic transplant), the longest
1023 II, 3,21 | Moral Theology ~- Msgr. Osvaldo Neves de Almeida ~(international
1024 | otherwise
1025 II, 2,17 | treatment requiring a great outlay of both health care resources
1026 II, 2,16 | secondly, his relatives. At the outset the recipient should be
1027 II, 2,16 | Special attention should be paid to making sure that the
1028 II, 2,15 | the levels of stress and pain, suffering and anxiety experienced
1029 II, 3,21 | Therapies ~City Hospital Palermo, ITALY ~- Prof. Eraldo Seren ~(
1030 I, 3,6(45) | Transplantation of Porcine fetal pancreas to diabetic patients, Lancet,
1031 I, 3,6 | organ transplants. Porcine pancreatic islets have been transplanted
1032 II, 1,12(63) | Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II, XIV/1, 1991, p. 1711,
1033 I, 2,2(17) | Accomodation: a working paradigm for progressing toward clinical
1034 I, 2,4(42) | Cf. Paradis K., Langford G., Zhifeng
1035 II, 1,11(62) | xénotrasplantations, Path Biol (Paris) 2000, 48: 426-428. ~
1036 I, 3,6 | than 50) suffering from Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's
1037 II, 1,12(63) | Paul II, Address to the Participants at a Congress on Organs
1038 II, 3,21 | study by those who have participated in it - scientists, jurists,
1039 II, 1,7 | universe in general and, more particularly, in those things that concern
1040 II, 1,7 | Man is the image of God partly through the mandate received
1041 II, 2,18 | genetically modified) or parts of them, especially when
1042 II, 2,18 | Patentability and Xenotransplantation ~
1043 I, 1,1 | the two cases, a baboon pathogen (cytomegalovirus) was apparently
1044 I, 2,4 | animal models to test the pathogenicity of these agents. The blood
1045 I, 2,2(13) | primate recipients, Am J Pathol 1992, 140: 1157-66. ~
1046 II, 3,20 | neglect to explore therapeutic paths which may represent alternatives
1047 I, 2,4(41) | Cf. Patience C., Takeuchi Y., Weiss R.A.,
1048 II, 1,11(61) | personal identity (genetic patrimony) to offspring. For this
1049 II, 3,21 | Msgr. Ignacio Carrasco De Paula ~(moral theology, bioethics) ~
1050 II, 3,21 | which the Catholic Church pays on problems related to human
1051 II, 3,21 | VATICAN CITY ~- Prof. Renzo Pegoraro ~(bioethics) ~General Secretary
1052 II, 2,17 | For this reason, some people have expressed doubts about
1053 II, 2,13 | can be expressed as a risk percentage or as a statistical frequency.
1054 II, 1,7 | leading creation to its final perfection. "Be fruitful and multiply,
1055 I, 3,6 | tissues are not immediately perfused with recipient blood after
1056 I, 3,6 | organs into humans as a permanent replacement organ, the option
1057 II, 1,11 | functional and those with greater personalized significance must be assessed,
1058 II, 1,9 | supported by the biblical perspective that asserts, as stated
1059 II, 2,18 | carried out largely by private pharmaceutical companies which have committed
1060 I, 2,2 | all the above rejection phases, there is the possibility
1061 II, 2,16(70) | xenotransplantation, Med Health Care Philos 2001, 4(1): 53-70. ~
1062 II, 1,10 | different contributions of philosophy and science.(60) More concisely,
1063 II, 2,16 | which involves avoiding physical contact with others while
1064 II, 2,15 | modification of the anatomical, physiological and/or behavioural aspects
1065 II, 3,21 | Professor of Veterinary Physiology ~State University - Bologna,
1066 II, 2,12(64) | Clark M.A., This Little Piggy Went to Market: The Xenotransplantation
1067 II, 1,8(56) | Liberation, 2nd edit., 1995, Pimlico, London; Regan T., The case
1068 II, 1,12 | xenotransplantation. First Pius XII (Address to the Italian
1069 II, 2,14 | contemplate the possibility of placing the patient in quarantine
1070 II, 1,7 | all men according to the plan of the Creator and the light
1071 I, 2,2(15) | xenoantibodies in the human by plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption, Xenotransplantation
1072 I, 2,2 | with resultant thrombosis (platelet aggregation and activation
1073 II, 2,14 | psychology should also play an important role. It should
1074 I, 2,2(14) | Gal(a1-3) Gal epitopes, PNAS 1993, 90: 11391-5. ~
1075 II, 2,16(70) | Cf. Barker J.H., Polcrack L., Respect for persons,
1076 I, 2,5(43) | Cf. Polejaeva I.A., Chen S.H., Vaught
1077 II, 3,21 | Holy See ~- Msgr. Tullio Poli ~Secretariate of State (
1078 II, 2,12(64) | Science, Ethics, and Public Policy, Washington: National Academy
1079 II, 3,21 | should enter into procedural political-legislative matters. We therefore limit
1080 II, 2,14(68) | In this regard, polls have been taken to ascertain
1081 II, 1,12(63) | Evangelium Vitae (1995) n. 86; Pont. Counc. Past. Assist. Health
1082 II, 1,7 | his name. In this regard, Pope John Paul II writes in his
1083 II, 1,7 | question that, generally, is posed by the different religious
1084 I, 1,1 | incompatibility of those proteins poses a potential problem of functionality
1085 II, 2,14 | scientific community already possesses, together with new data
1086 II, 2,14 | the animal but which are possibly dangerous for man. Such
1087 II, 2,13 | without risks, at least potentially. In this situation, therefore,
1088 II, 2,12(64) | Consultatif National d'Éthique pour les Sciences de la vie et
1089 II, 1,8 | making reasonable use of the power that God has given to him. ~
1090 II, 1,8(55) | Giappichelli Ed., Torino, pp. 239-265. ~
1091 II, 2 | ethical evaluation of the practicability of xenotransplantation,
1092 I, 2,2 | immediately-vascularized organ. Pre-existing xenoreactive natural antibodies
1093 II, 2,16 | current data, and about the precautions to be adopted in the case
1094 II, 1,9(58) | The Old Testament precept by which certain animals
1095 I, 2,3(30) | antibodies and complement that precipitate rejection of naive xenografts,
1096 I, 2,2 | Acute Vascular Rejection is precipitated by elicited xenoreactive
1097 II, 2,18 | reconsider - or rather to be more precise about - the specific norms
1098 II, 1,9 | Catholic theology does not have preclusions, on a religious or ritual
1099 II, 2,13 | factors which cannot always be predicted or assessed. Before going
1100 I, 2,2(14) | antibodies in human serum react predominantly with Gal(a1-3) Gal epitopes,
1101 I, 1,1 | non-human primates have been preferred in the past as source organs
1102 II, 3,21(74) | established a committee to prepare guidelines on xenotransplantation.
1103 I, 2,2 | accomplished in pigs, although present-day cloning technology could
1104 I, 2,2(16) | anti-C5 monoclonal antibody prevents acute cardiac tissue injury
1105 II, 2,18 | production" at accessible prices(73) which would hopefully
1106 II, 1,8 | made use of animals for his primary needs (food, work, clothing,
1107 II, 2,18 | been carried out largely by private pharmaceutical companies
1108 I, 3,6 | non-human primate before one proceeds to clinical trials involving
1109 II, 2,14 | patients should agree not to procreate because of the possible
1110 Intro, 0,0(1)| of the efficacy of organ procurement efforts in the United States.
1111 II, 2,13 | the effects that the event produces. Naturally, a very probable
1112 I, 2,5 | xenotransplantation relate to producing transgenic pigs that express
1113 II, 2,12(64) | Research, Source animal, product, preclinical, and clinical
1114 II, 1,10(59) | etc.; group - social - professional). ~
1115 II, 2,13(66) | Psychological Attitudes, Prog Transplant 2000, 10: 217-
1116 II, 2,16 | regarding his pathology and its prognosis, the xenotransplant operation
1117 I, 3,6 | transplants have therefore progressed further compared to clinical
1118 I, 2,2(17) | a working paradigm for progressing toward clinical discordant
1119 II, 3,21 | of "Italy Xenotransplant Project" ~Member of Working Group
1120 I, 2,2 | involves smooth muscle cell proliferation and obliteration of the
1121 II, 2,12(64) | Lanza R.P., Xeno, the Promise of Transplanting Animal
1122 II, 3,20 | xenotransplantation, such as seem to be promised by many recent discoveries
1123 I, 3,6 | bioartificial liver) with promising initial results.(47) ~There
1124 II, 1,10 | base the right and duty to promote and defend the integrity
1125 II, 1,7 | language and the methods proper to theological anthropology. ~
1126 II, 2,18(73) | Introduction to Intellectual Property: Theory and Practice, Kluwer
1127 I, 2,3 | period of time. Scientists propose two different approaches,
1128 II, 2,18(73) | Accordo sugli aspetti della proprietà intellettuale relativi al
1129 II, 1,8(55) | animali, in Bioetica nella prospettiva della filosofia del diritto,
1130 I, 2,3 | To what extent these protective genes can be used therapeutically
1131 I, 2,2 | experiments in which a human protein that inhibits human complement
1132 II, 2,15 | 6. Every experimental protocol on animals must be evaluated
1133 I, 2,3 | different immunosuppressive protocols, and the second is to produce
1134 II, 1,7(50) | anthropological context, from a protological point of view, the second
1135 II, 2,16 | for a patient in a coma), provided that the medical procedures
1136 I, 2,2 | xenoreactive natural antibodies provides one method to overcome hyperacute
1137 I, 2,2(16) | Sci., 1966, 129: 673-713; Pruitt S.K., Kirk D.A., Bollinger
1138 II, 2,14 | recipient could undergo in their psyche (e.g. because of the modification
1139 II, 2,14(69) | Crafen J., Rodin G.M., Psychiatric Aspects of Organ Transplantation,
1140 II, 2,14(69) | New York: Oxford Medical Publications, 1992. ~
1141 II, 3,21 | Pontifical Academy for Life is published under the editorship of
1142 I, 3,6(48) | of end-stage cardiac and pulmonary disease. J. Heart Lung Transpl.
1143 II, 2,15 | created order and towards the pursuit of improving health by means
1144 II, 2,13 | total "block" should be put on all experimentation.
1145 II, 1,10 | the person, an intrinsic quality of his very being, and thus
1146 II, 1,11(62) | Cf. Cuer P., Quelques considérations éthiques,
1147 II, 1,9(57) | compendio teologico, Brescia: Queriniana 1997: 407-451. ~
1148 II, 2,14(68) | Mohacsi P.J., Blumer E.C., Quine S. et al., Aversion to Xenotransplantation,
1149 II, 2,14 | of xenotransplantation is quite limited and certainly insufficient
1150 I, 2,4(41) | Patience C., Takeuchi Y., Weiss R.A., 1997, Infection of human
1151 II, 2,12(64) | 1999; Cooper D.K.C., Lanza R.P., Xeno, the Promise of Transplanting
1152 I, 2,2(16) | K., Kirk D.A., Bollinger R.R., et al., The effect of soluble
1153 II, 2,15 | for xenotransplantation raises the need for certain reflections
1154 I, 1,1(11) | Cf. Starzl T.E., Rao A.S., Murase N., et al.,
1155 I, 2,2 | which result in thrombosis, rapid graft ischemia and rejection.
1156 I, 2,3 | primates, and thus, more rapidly than transgenic pig organs
1157 II, 1,8(55) | Cf. Bondolfi A., I rapporti tra uomo e animale nelle
1158 II, 2,13 | reflected by the risk/benefit ratio. Only when a risk can be
1159 II, 1,8 | theological reasoning, one can reach the same conclusions on
1160 II, 2,18 | therapeutic standpoint - can be reached by making appropriate legal
1161 I, 2,2(14) | antibodies in human serum react predominantly with Gal(a1-3)
1162 II, 2,13 | risk, as defined by the reaction of the individual or of
1163 II, 2,13(66) | An overview of social reactions to different aspects of
1164 II, 1,7 | Gentium", for example, we read: "Therefore, by their competence
1165 II, 2,13 | constant monitoring and a readiness at every moment to revise
1166 II, 1,9 | cf. Gen 1: 26-27), we reaffirm that humans have a unique
1167 II, 1,7 | therefore, there should be a reaffirmation of the right and duty of
1168 II, 2,15 | animal or its species, and reaffirming man's responsibility towards
1169 II, 1,9 | criteria of real necessity and reasonableness must be respected; genetic
1170 II, 1,8 | make use of theological reasoning, one can reach the same
1171 II, 2,13 | therefore, it may be useful to recall some general aspects of
1172 II, 3,19 | monitoring of the individuals who receive a xenograft, a situation
1173 | recently
1174 I, 2,2(16) | effect of soluble complement receptor type 1 on hyperacute rejection
1175 I, 2,2(13) | transplanted into primate recipients, Am J Pathol 1992, 140:
1176 II, 1,7 | full human dignity must be recognized at every stage of life,
1177 II, 2,15 | himself. Therefore, while recognizing that transgenesis does not
1178 II, 2,14 | possible risk of genetic recombination that could affect the patient'
1179 II, 2,18 | made, now is the time to reconsider - or rather to be more precise
1180 II, 2,16 | danger of imminent death, recourse may be made to a legal representative (
1181 I, 2,2 | to eliminate, or greatly reduce the expression of "a-gal"
1182 I, 2,5 | rejection would presumably be reduced. ~Second, although still
1183 I, 2,2(19) | xenogenic cell substantially reduces human antibody binding and
1184 I, 2,2 | years later.(26) This is referred to as "chronic" rejection.
1185 I, 2,3 | accommodation".(29) Accommodation refers to the survival of an organ
1186 II, 2,13 | acceptability of the risk, as reflected by the risk/benefit ratio.
1187 II, 1,8 | Man ~8. For a theological reflection that will help to formulate
1188 II, 1,7 | man, every human being, reflects the very action of the Creator
1189 II, 1,8(56) | 1995, Pimlico, London; Regan T., The case for Animal
1190 II, 3,21 | international, national, regional and local level - are responsible
1191 I, 1,1 | spent most of his time in a regular ward, leaving the hospital
1192 I, 2,2(18) | pigs transgenic for a human regulator of complement activation,
1193 II, 2,13(65) | Schöne-Seifert B., Risk, in Reich T.W. (ed.), Encyclopedia
1194 I, 2,3 | xenoreactive natural antibodies to reject a mouse or hamster heart
1195 I, 2,2(16) | complement system in graft rejections in experimental animals
1196 I, 2,5 | development of xenotransplantation relate to producing transgenic
1197 II, 2,18(73) | proprietà intellettuale relativi al commercio (Marrakech,
1198 II, 2,15 | control and should not be released into the general environment; ~
1199 Intro | transplantation thereby relieving the "chronic" shortage of
1200 II, 1,10(59) | etc.; cultural: language, religion, ideology, etc.; group -
1201 I, 2,4 | little more. In a few of the remaining patients exposure was for
1202 II, 2,17 | doubts, it is important to remember that, even taken into due
1203 I, 2,2(19) | Mouhtouris E., et al., Enzymatic remodeling of the carbohydrate surface
1204 II, 1,8 | that this role of "service" rendered to man by other creatures
1205 II, 1,11 | corporeality. ~In light of a renewed appreciation of the body
1206 II, 3,21 | States) VATICAN CITY ~- Prof. Renzo Pegoraro ~(bioethics) ~General
1207 I, 3,6(46) | Xenotransplantation for CNS repair: immunological barriers
1208 II, 3,19 | should require and until repeatable positive results are obtained,
1209 I, 3,6 | into humans as a permanent replacement organ, the option of using
1210 II, 1,10 | of "personal identity" is replete with implications and subtleties
1211 I, 3,6 | clinical benefit has been reported to date. A significant number
1212 II, 2,16 | recourse may be made to a legal representative (e.g. in the hypothetical
1213 II, 1,11(61) | insofar as it is the organ representing the "principal seat of psychological
1214 II, 2,16 | however, consent cannot be requested from them, since it is the
1215 II, 2,17 | form of possible treatment requiring a great outlay of both health
1216 I, 1,1 | As a consequence many researchers have settled on the use
1217 II, 1,11(61) | would be no particular moral reservations. In this regard, see M.P.
1218 II, 3,19 | will be ethically correct, respecting the rules of informed consent
1219 I, 2,2(26) | Modification of vascular responses in xenotransplantation:
1220 II, 1,11(61) | hormonogenetic purposes (that is, to restore a sufficient hormonal function);
1221 II, 3,19 | involve initially only a restricted group of patients, patients
1222 I, 2,2 | general inflammation with resultant thrombosis (platelet aggregation
1223 I, 1,1 | genetic engineering has resulted in significant improvement
1224 I, 2,4(40) | retroviruses, and the evolution of retroelements, Chapter 8 In: Retroviruses. (
1225 I, 2,4(40) | Boeke J.D., Stoye J.P., Retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses,
1226 I, 2,4 | although pig cells containing retroviral sequences were found even
1227 II, 2,18 | them to expect an economic return on the investment made;
1228 II, 1,8 | every existing reality is revealed in a universal harmonic
1229 II, 2,14(68) | Kidney Federation, Survey reveals positive feelings on animal-to-human
1230 I, 1,1(7) | xenotransplantation - A brief review of the world experience.
1231 II, 2,13 | readiness at every moment to revise the design of the experiment
1232 II, 2,13(65) | New York: MacMillan 1995 (revised edition), 2316-2321. ~
1233 II, 1,10 | person's identity and the rich meaning of the human body?"
1234 II, 1,7 | consideration of the transcendent richness and dignity of the human
1235 Intro | transplant recipient attempts to rid itself of the transplant.
1236 II, 1,8(56) | T., The case for Animal Rights, 1983, London, Routledge &
1237 I, 1,1(6) | Nalesnik M.A., Starzl T.E., Rinaldo C.R. Jr., Detection of infectious
1238 II, 1,7 | Irenaeus of Lyons still ring out with all their truth: "
1239 II, 2,13 | however improbable, gives rise to much greater concern
1240 II, 1,9 | preclusions, on a religious or ritual basis, in using any animal
1241 II, 3,21 | Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road - Cambridge, UK ~- Prof.
1242 II, 2,14(69) | Cf. Crafen J., Rodin G.M., Psychiatric Aspects
1243 II, 3,21 | Padova, ITALY ~- Msgr. Angel Rodriguez Luo ~(moral theology, bioethics) ~
1244 I, 1,1(9) | 21; Cooper D.K.C., Ye Y., Rolf J.L.L., et al., The Pig
1245 I, 2,2(16) | 28: 604; Kroshus T.J., Rollins S.A., Dalmasso A.P., et
1246 II, 1,9(58) | 14-23; Acts 10: 14-15; Rom 14: 14). ~
1247 II, 1,10(60) | Identità e cambiamento, Roma: Armando, 1992; Jervis
1248 I, 2,2(15) | Cooper D.K.C., Lexer G., Rose A.G., et al., Effects of
1249 II, 1,8(56) | Animal Rights, 1983, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Christian
1250 I, 2,2(15) | Immunol Rev 1994, 141: 95-125; Rydberg L., Hallberg E., Bjorck
1251 I, 2,2(16) | 604; Kroshus T.J., Rollins S.A., Dalmasso A.P., et al.,
1252 I, 1,1(3) | L.L., Nehlsen-Canarella S.L., Concepcion W., et al. Baboon-to-human
1253 II, 1,9 | animals. As a consequence, the sacrifice of animals can be justified
1254 II, 3,21 | guaranteeing its validity and safety; on the other hand it must
1255 II, 3,19 | in mind all that has been said above, we can now present
1256 II, 1,7(54) | Saint Irenaeus of Lyons, Against
1257 I, 2,4(42) | G., Zhifeng L., Heneine, Sandstrom P., Switzer W., Chapman
1258 II, 2,12(64) | Sciences de la vie et de la santé (France), Avis sur l'éthique
1259 II, 3,21 | Pathology ~University "La Sapienza" Rome, ITALY ~- Prof. Ignazio
1260 I, 2,4 | vitro.(41) There are no satisfactory animal models to test the
1261 II, 1,7 | destructive slavery in order to satisfy any whim that he may have,
1262 II, 2,17 | the urgent need to try to save the lives of so many patients
1263 I, 2,4(39) | xenotransplantation, Ann. NY Acad. Sc. 1998, 862: 121-124. ~
1264 II, 2,14 | modification of one's "bodily schema") arising from the acceptance
1265 II, 1,7(50) | is made to the narrative scheme, of a theological-liturgical
1266 I, 1,1(2) | Reemtsma K., McCracken B.H., Schlegel J.U., et al. Renal heterotransplantation
1267 I, 1,1(10) | Cf. Loss M., Vangerow B., Schmidtko J., et al., Acute vascular
1268 II, 1,9(57) | animal life may be found in Schockenhoff E., Etica della vita. Un
1269 II, 2,13(65) | Cf. Schöne-Seifert B., Risk, in Reich T.W. (
1270 II, 3,21 | immunogenetics) ~Harvard Medical School Boston, USA ~-Prof. Fulvio
1271 II, 2,12(64) | National d'Éthique pour les Sciences de la vie et de la santé (
1272 II, 1,10 | concisely, in keeping with the scope of this document, we can
1273 II, 1,10(60) | conquista dell'identità: essere se stessi, essere diversi,
1274 I, 2,4(42) | Study group, et al., 1999, Search for cross-species transmission
1275 II, 1,11(61) | representing the "principal seat of psychological consciousness",
1276 II, 2,16 | only the recipient and, secondly, his relatives. At the outset
1277 II, 3,21 | Pegoraro ~(bioethics) ~General Secretary of Lanza Foundation Padova,
1278 II, 3,21 | to regulate this complex sector, offering helpful operational
1279 II, 1,7 | by their competence in secular disciplines and by their
1280 II, 3,21(74) | newly formed Agency for the Security of Health Products and of
1281 II, 2,12(64) | 722-727; Hanson M.J., The Seductive Sirens of Medical Progress.
1282 II, 1,8 | and responsible manner, seeking the authentic promotion
1283 | seem
1284 | seems
1285 II, 1,9 | and moral point of view sees no substantial problem in
1286 II, 3,20 | communicated to as large a segment of the public as possible.
1287 II, 2,14 | it will be necessary to select patients carefully, based
1288 I, 2,3(30) | xenografts, J Immunol. 1999 Sep 1; 163(5): 2850-7. ~
1289 II, 3,21 | Palermo, ITALY ~- Prof. Eraldo Seren ~(xenotransplantation, veterinary
1290 II, 2 | consideration of a whole series of factors, some of which
1291 II, 3,20 | can be transplanted. ~A serious ethical commitment on the
1292 II, 3,21 | Bologna, ITALY ~- Prof. Angelo Serra, S.J. ~(human genetics) ~
1293 I, 2,2(14) | IgM antibodies in human serum react predominantly with
1294 II, 1,7 | skill and civil culture may serve the utility of all men according
1295 I, 1,1 | consequence many researchers have settled on the use of pigs as a
1296 | several
1297 II, 1,10(59) | many (objective: name, sex, age, etc.; cultural: language,
1298 II, 2,14 | the patient's germ cells. Sexual abstinence would also be
1299 II, 1,8(55) | giudaico-cristiane e la sfida degli xenotrapianti, in
1300 I, 2,3 | antibodies and complement. Short-term inhibition of complement
1301 II, 1,12 | discuss this in greater detail shortly. ~With regard to all other
1302 II, 1,8 | the earth is sufficient to show an irrefutable fact clearly:
1303 II, 2,14(67) | Xenotransplantation aus ethischer Sicht. Eine Skizze, Zentralbl
1304 II, 3,19 | s life, watching for any sign of possible infection caused
1305 II, 1,11 | with greater personalized significance must be assessed, case by
1306 II, 1,9 | modifications that could significantly alter the biodiversity and
1307 I, 2,3 | hamster heart by a rat is similar to the rejection of a mouse
1308 II, 3,21 | conclude this document with the sincere hope that the effort made
1309 II, 1,8(56) | Cf. Singer P., Animal Liberation, 2nd
1310 II, 2,15 | must take place during a single surgical operation; ~6.
1311 II, 2,12(64) | Hanson M.J., The Seductive Sirens of Medical Progress. The
1312 I, 2,3 | long-term survival in these two situations. An interesting finding
1313 II, 1,7 | account of creation "in six days",(50) it is evident
1314 I, 2,4 | species to another ~4. Over sixty porcine infectious agents
1315 II, 1,7 | human labour, technical skill and civil culture may serve
1316 II, 2,14(67) | aus ethischer Sicht. Eine Skizze, Zentralbl Chir 1999, 124:
1317 II, 1,7 | humiliating and destructive slavery in order to satisfy any
1318 II, 2,17(71) | Workshop on the ethical, sociologic, economic and legal aspects
1319 I, 2,2(16) | R.R., et al., The effect of soluble complement receptor type
1320 I, 2,5(43) | nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells, Nature. 2000, 407:
1321 | sometimes
1322 II, 3,21 | area should be achieved as soon as possible, by means of
1323 II, 1,8 | work, clothing, etc.) in a sort of natural "cooperation"
1324 II, 3,21 | Philosophical Anthropology ~Southern Italy Faculty of Theology
1325 II, 3,21 | ITALY ~- Prof. Antonio G. Spagnolo ~(bioethics) ~Associate
1326 II, 3,21(74) | Xenotransplantation, the Spanish Xenotransplantation Sub-committee,
1327 II, 1,11(61) | represent, in a manner of speaking, the "transmitter" - by
1328 II, 3,19 | be carried out in highly specialised centres with proven experience
1329 II, 3,21 | for Transplants and Highly Specialized Therapies ~City Hospital
1330 II, 1,8 | use of animals is seen as species-ism or tyranny of man over animals.
1331 I, 2,4(39) | Definition of a production Specification for xenotransplantation,
1332 II, 1,11(61) | We do well to specify that, while the encephalon
1333 I, 1,1 | post-transplant day and spent most of his time in a regular
1334 I, 2,2(18) | Forni M., Varzi V., et al., Sperm-mediated gene transfer: production
1335 II, 1,8 | person, whose rational and spiritual dimensions place man at
1336 II, 3,21 | Justice ~Dharmaraja, Mawatha - SRI LANKA ~Representatives of
1337 II, 2,18 | technical or legal obstacle standing in the way of the patenting
1338 II, 2,13 | risk percentage or as a statistical frequency. Furthermore,
1339 II, 2,14 | insufficient to provide reliable statistics on the real probability
1340 II, 3,20 | therapeutic use of adult stem cells. ~
1341 II, 1,10(60) | dell'identità: essere se stessi, essere diversi, Milan:
1342 I, 2,2 | monocytes. In combination these stimuli (the anti-graft antibodies
1343 II, 1,11(61) | Il trapianto di gonadi. Storia e attualità, Med. Mor.,
1344 I, 3,6(46) | immunological barriers and strategies to overcome them, Trends
1345 I, 1,1 | survival of the organ. The most striking success was the nine-month
1346 I, 3,6 | Huntington's Disease or strokes.(46) Only limited clinical
1347 II, 1,11 | to their functionality a strong and personal symbolic element
1348 I, 2,2(14) | Identification of carbohydrate structures which bind human antiporcine
1349 II, 3,21(74) | Spanish Xenotransplantation Sub-committee, the Argentine National
1350 II, 1,11 | inevitably depends on the subjectivity of the individual; and others
1351 II, 2,13 | least possible number of subjects, with careful and constant
1352 II, 2,16 | xenotransplant operation and subsequent therapy, and the probability
1353 I, 2,2(19) | surface of a xenogenic cell substantially reduces human antibody binding
1354 II, 1,10 | replete with implications and subtleties of meaning, given the different
1355 I, 2,4 | occur in an organ were it successfully transplanted into a human (42).
1356 I, 3,6 | primates at present is not sufficiently long to consider transplanting
1357 I, 2,2 | directed primarily towards a sugar moiety, the Gal-a (1,3)-
1358 I, 3,6 | organs into humans. Some suggest that clinical trials on
1359 I, 2,2 | cells.(17) These findings suggested that the production of transgenic
1360 II, 2,18(73) | Commercio, Annesso lC: Accordo sugli aspetti della proprietà
1361 II, 2,18(72) | Trattato di Cooperazione sui Brevetti (Washington, 1970),
1362 II, 1,7 | May these goods be more suitably distributed among all men
1363 II, 2 | the current situation as summarized in the first part of this
1364 II, 1,7 | at the centre and at the summit of the created order, not
1365 II, 3,19 | should be authorised and supervised by the competent health
1366 II, 2,16 | to remain under medical supervision for the rest of his life,
1367 II, 1,11(61) | performed for the purpose of supplying the gametogenetic function -
1368 II, 1,9 | From our point of view, supported by the biblical perspective
1369 I, 2,2 | number of genes that may suppress the inflammatory response
1370 II, 2,18 | hopefully be controlled by a supranational body specifically set up
1371 II, 2,16 | should be paid to making sure that the patient is informed
1372 I, 2,2(19) | remodeling of the carbohydrate surface of a xenogenic cell substantially
1373 II, 2,14(68) | National Kidney Federation, Survey reveals positive feelings
1374 I, 2,2 | even when a transplant survives all the above rejection
1375 I, 2,3 | accommodation is that the surviving organ expresses genes in
1376 I, 1,1 | liver mass, sufficient to sustain life. The baboon livers
1377 II, 3,21(74) | of the Netherlands, the Swedish Committee on Xenotransplantation,
1378 I, 2,4(42) | Heneine, Sandstrom P., Switzer W., Chapman L., Lockey C.,
1379 I, 2,3 | rejection is dependent on the synthesis of anti-graft antibodies
1380 I, 1,1 | presence of baboon proteins synthesized by the liver; in some cases
1381 I, 1,1(10) | rejection is associated with systemic complement activation in
1382 II, 1,7 | apostolate of the laity takes up this idea when it asserts
1383 I, 2,4(41) | Cf. Patience C., Takeuchi Y., Weiss R.A., 1997, Infection
1384 I, 2,4(39) | Cf. Iverson W.O., Talbot T., Definition of a production
1385 I, 1,1(7) | Cf. Taniguchi S., Cooper D.K.C. Clinical
1386 II, 3,21 | Dr. Maria Isabel Telleria Tapia ~Secretariate of State (
1387 II, 1,7 | because woman and man have the task of co-operating with the
1388 II, 1,8 | ourselves to scientific and technological progress in the biomedical
1389 II, 3,21 | CITY ~- Dr. Maria Isabel Telleria Tapia ~Secretariate of State (
1390 II, 1,7 | realities that make up the temporal order) receives an added
1391 II, 2,16 | life-saving xenotransplant as a temporary solution for a patient in
1392 II, 1,9(57) | della vita. Un compendio teologico, Brescia: Queriniana 1997:
1393 I, 2,4 | satisfactory animal models to test the pathogenicity of these
1394 II, 1,9(58) | The Old Testament precept by which certain
1395 I, 2,2 | cells. The molecule first tested was human Decay Accelerating
1396 II, 1,7 | this natural goodness of theirs (of the realities that make
1397 II, 3,21 | discussion on the important theme of xenotransplantation.
1398 | then
1399 II, 3,21 | it - scientists, jurists, theologians and bioethicists - will
1400 II, 1,7(50) | the narrative scheme, of a theological-liturgical nature, used in Gn 1: 1-
1401 II, 2,13 | is an event which is not theoretically impossible but which is
1402 II, 2,18(73) | to Intellectual Property: Theory and Practice, Kluwer Law
1403 I, 2,3 | protective genes can be used therapeutically to aid pig organ survival
1404 | thereby
1405 II, 1,7 | more particularly, in those things that concern animals. ~In
1406 II, 1,8 | first issue, contemporary thinking includes two opposing and
1407 I, 2,2 | resulting in organ rejection. Third, the xenograft counterpart
1408 II, 2,14 | can help to establish the threshold of risk that must not be
1409 I, 3,6(45) | Groth C.G., Korsgren 0., Tibell, A., et al., Transplantation
1410 II, 2,15 | animals should be kept under tight control and should not be
1411 II, 3,21 | this work group met many times in the Vatican earlier this
1412 II, 2,13 | probable risk is easily tolerated if the extent of damage
1413 II, 3,20 | correct information on the topics of greatest public interest
1414 II, 1,8(55) | 1997, Giappichelli Ed., Torino, pp. 239-265. ~
1415 I, 3,6(47) | Cf. Mc Laughlin B.E., Tosone C.M., Custer L.M., Mullon
1416 II, 2,13 | necessarily mean, however, that a total "block" should be put on
1417 | toward
1418 II, 1,8(55) | Bondolfi A., I rapporti tra uomo e animale nelle tradizioni
1419 II, 1,7 | the different religious traditions, albeit with different accents:
1420 II, 1,8(55) | tra uomo e animale nelle tradizioni giudaico-cristiane e la
1421 II, 2,15 | Trangenesis' ~15. The use of organs
1422 I, 2,2(16) | nonhuman primate model, Trans Proc 1996, 28: 604; Kroshus
1423 II, 1,7 | rational consideration of the transcendent richness and dignity of
1424 I, 2,2 | knocking out the 1,3 galactosyl transferase gene, which is needed for
1425 I, 1,1 | cytomegalovirus) was apparently transferred to the patient, even though
1426 II, 2,15 | characteristics which will be transmitted to the offspring. ~As we
1427 II, 1,11(61) | manner of speaking, the "transmitter" - by means of procreation -
1428 II, 1,11(61) | regard, see M.P. Faggioni, Il trapianto di gonadi. Storia e attualità,
1429 I, 1,1(10) | for over one month of a trasgenic porcine heart in a baboon,
1430 II, 2,18(72) | Cf. Trattato di Cooperazione sui Brevetti (
1431 II, 1,9 | the manner in which they treat animals. As a consequence,
1432 I, 2,4(42) | endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue.
1433 Intro | highly successful means of treating a variety of human illnesses.
1434 I, 3,6(46) | strategies to overcome them, Trends Neurosci 2000; 23: 337-44. ~
1435 I, 2,2(18) | Renal xenografts from triple-transgenic pigs are not hyperacutely
1436 I, 2,2 | which is the first major triumph of gene therapy in the field
1437 I, 2,4 | disease in humans. ~As is true for all other mammalian
1438 II, 3,21 | of the Holy See ~- Msgr. Tullio Poli ~Secretariate of State (
1439 I, 2,2(17) | Cf. Bach F.H., Turman M.A., Vercellotti G.M.,
1440 II, 2,15 | health by means of certain types of genetic manipulation,
1441 II, 1,8 | is seen as species-ism or tyranny of man over animals. Even
1442 I, 1,1(4) | Starzl T.E., Fung J.J., Tzakis A.G., et al., Baboon-to-human
1443 I, 1,1(2) | McCracken B.H., Schlegel J.U., et al. Renal heterotransplantation
1444 II, 2,18(72) | vedi anche Marchetti P., Ubertazzi L.C., Commentario breve
1445 II, 1,9(57) | Schockenhoff E., Etica della vita. Un compendio teologico, Brescia:
1446 II, 2,14 | acceptable. ~More complex and uncertain is the assessment and evaluation
1447 II, 3,20 | light of the scientific uncertainties which are still present
1448 II, 2,18 | aware of the broad debate underway on the basic question of
1449 I, 2,5 | transplantation while it would be undesirable at a different moment. Therefore,
1450 II, 3,19 | results thus obtained, if unequivocally positive, would constitute
1451 II, 2,16 | himself in a previously unforeseen situation where there is
1452 II, 1,9 | reaffirm that humans have a unique and higher dignity. However,
1453 II, 3,21 | Liver Transplants ~Liver Unit, Cardarelli Hospital Naples,
1454 | unless
1455 II, 1,9 | observe certain conditions: unnecessary animal suffering must be
1456 II, 1,10 | relation of an individual's unrepeatability and essential core to his
1457 II, 1,11 | measure an expression of the unrepeatable identity of the person.
1458 | until
1459 I, 2,2 | of time than is seen in untreated cases.(22) An alternative
1460 II, 2,13 | Risk - understood as an unwanted or damaging future event,
1461 II, 1,8(55) | Bondolfi A., I rapporti tra uomo e animale nelle tradizioni
1462 II, 1,12 | 2000, n. 7), have clearly upheld the moral legitimacy, in
1463 | upon
1464 II, 2,17(71) | Journal 1998, 53 (2): 353-384; Urruela Mora A., Workshop on the
1465 | us
1466 II, 3,21 | Harvard Medical School Boston, USA ~-Prof. Fulvio Calise ~(
1467 I, 2,2 | that organs from these pigs usually do not undergo hyperacute
1468 II, 1,7 | civil culture may serve the utility of all men according to
1469 II, 1,9 | substantial problem in the utilization of different animal species (
1470 I, 2,2(18) | Lavitrano M., Forni M., Varzi V., et al., Sperm-mediated
1471 II, 1,7 | established a hierarchy of values among the various creatures.
1472 II, 2,12(64) | Ethics, 1998, 24: 18-24; Vanderpool H.Y., Critical Ethical Issues
1473 I, 1,1(10) | Cf. Loss M., Vangerow B., Schmidtko J., et al.,
1474 I, 2,4(40) | Coffin, S.H. Hughes, and H.E. Varmus eds) Cold Spring Harbor
1475 I, 3,6 | type of xenotransplants vary from a few weeks to about
1476 II, 2,13 | probable event (albeit with varying degrees of probability)
1477 I, 2,2(18) | Lavitrano M., Forni M., Varzi V., et al., Sperm-mediated
1478 I, 2,2(14) | 24: 559-60; Sandrin M.S., Vaughan H.A., Dabkowski P.L., et
1479 I, 2,5(43) | Polejaeva I.A., Chen S.H., Vaught T.D., et al., Cloned pigs
1480 II, 2,18(72) | Europeo (Munich, 1973), 54-57; vedi anche Marchetti P., Ubertazzi
1481 II, 2,14 | be necessary to avoid the venereal transmission of possible
1482 I, 2,2 | obliteration of the lumens of blood vessels. ~
1483 | via
1484 II, 2,12(64) | pour les Sciences de la vie et de la santé (France),
1485 II, 2,18 | procedure which should be viewed from a therapeutic standpoint -
1486 II, 1,8 | two opposing and extreme viewpoints.(56) There are those who
1487 II, 1,8 | particular way in which one views the relationship between
1488 I, 1,1(6) | liver xenotransplantation. J Virol. 2001; 75: 2825-8. ~
1489 II, 3,21 | virology-microbiology) ~Division of Virology, ~National Institute for
1490 II, 3,21 | Stoye ~(xenotransplantation, virology-microbiology) ~Division of Virology, ~
1491 I, 2,4 | that an unknown porcine virus might exist which causes
1492 II, 2,14 | transmission of possible viruses. ~In the clinical application
1493 II, 1,7 | God and man's life is the vision of God".(54) ~
1494 II, 3,21 | moral theology, bioethics) ~Visiting Professor of Bioethics ~
1495 II, 1,9(57) | Schockenhoff E., Etica della vita. Un compendio teologico,
1496 II, 1,12(63) | II, Enc. Lett. Evangelium Vitae (1995) n. 86; Pont. Counc.
1497 II, 2,13(65) | Encyclopedia of Bioethics, vol. 4, New York: MacMillan
1498 II, 3,19 | allotransplantation (whether because of waiting lists or individual counter-indications),
1499 I, 1,1 | of his time in a regular ward, leaving the hospital briefly
1500 I, 3,6 | solid organ xenografts are warranted. ~However, while survival
1501 II, 3,21 | on the other hand it must watch over the health of the citizens
1502 II, 3,19 | rest of the patient's life, watching for any sign of possible
|