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Pontifical Academy for Life
Prospects for xenotransplantation
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  • PART TWO Anthropological and Ethical Aspects
    • Bioethical Issues
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Bioethical Issues

Further investigation and clarification is needed for a wider bioethical analysis. The ethical evaluation of the practicability of xenotransplantation, in light of the current situation as summarized in the first part of this document, requires the consideration of a whole series of factors, some of which are derived from the general moral norms valid for all transplants, and others of which are more specifically related to xenotransplantation.(64)



64) For an overview of the current debate see:  Caplan A.L., Is Xenografting Morally Wrong?, Transplantation Proceedings, 1992, 24: 722-727; Hanson M.J., The Seductive Sirens of Medical Progress. The case of Xenotransplantation, Hastings Center Report 1995, 25: 5-6; Nuffield Council of Bioethics, Animal-to-Human Transplants:  the Ethics of Xenotransplantation, London:  Nuffield Council of Bioethics, 1996; Mc Carthy Ch.R., A New Look at Animal-to-Human Organ Transplantation, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 1996, 6: 183-188; U.S. Institute of Medicine Committee on Xenograft Transplantation, Xenotransplantation:  Science, Ethics, and Public Policy, Washington:  National Academy Press, 1996; Bach F.H., Fishman J.A., Daniels N., et al., Uncertainty in Xenotransplantation:  Individual Benefit versus Collective Risk, Nature Medicine, 1998, 4:  141-144; Hughes J., Xenografting:  Ethical Issues, Journal of Medical Ethics, 1998, 24: 18-24; Vanderpool H.Y., Critical Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials with Xenotransplants, The Lancet, 1998, 351: 1347-1350; Clark M.A., This Little Piggy Went to Market:  The Xenotransplantation and Xenozoonose Debate, Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 1999, 27: 137-152; Comité Consultatif National d'Éthique pour les Sciences de la vie et de la santé (France), Avis sur l'éthique et la xénotransplantation, n. 61, 11 June 1999; Cooper D.K.C., Lanza R.P., Xeno, the Promise of Transplanting Animal Organs into Humans, New York:  Oxford University Press 2000; U.S. Dpt. Health & Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Source animal, product, preclinical, and clinical issues concerning the use of Xenotransplantation products in humans:  guidance for industry (Draft, February 2001), (http: //www.fda.gov/ cber/guidelines.htm).





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