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501 132 | The root and font of this defection in economic and social life
502 136 | promote, will be wholly defective and incomplete unless all
503 31 | claiming to be the sole defenders and champions of the lowly
504 10 | handed over, each alone and defenseless, to the inhumanity of employers
505 25 | rich is guarded by its own defenses and is in less need of governmental
506 109 | of the worst, the virtual degradation of the majesty of the State,
507 135 | there are corrupted and degraded. ~
508 62 | efforts are made without delay to put them into effect,
509 93 | corporations, are composed of delegates from the two syndicates (
510 85 | when these cases arise, can deliberate separately or as the situation
511 59 | either because they were deliberately suppressed by silence or
512 109 | a slave, surrendered and delivered to the passions and greed
513 27 | years and have resolutely demanded and promoted its enforcement. ~
514 142 | particular to this work should demonstrate that they are men possessed
515 88 | has more than sufficiently demonstrated. Therefore, it is most necessary
516 125 | history of the Church plainly demonstrates that such appearances are
517 122 | clear and evident that no demonstration is required here. But they
518 46 | social modernism which We denounced in the Encyclical issued
519 114 | ought to be the point of departure from which to move forward
520 89 | various nations largely depend on one another in economic
521 35 | economic institutions, or that deplorable dissension of minds and
522 109 | Beloved Children, see and deplore: Free competition has destroyed
523 41 | law. For as to these, the deposit of truth that God committed
524 7 | of Peter, to that sacred depository of all truth whence words
525 72 | of grave wrong, for they deprive workers of their just wage
526 18(17) | catholique et le probleme social depuis l'Encyclique "Rerum Novarum,"
527 90 | measure of each single part) derives its increase to the building
528 119 | material advantages but descends from God alone, the Creator
529 91 | would seem necessary to describe here briefly and comment
530 123 | faith and right will, have deserted the camp of the Church and
531 31 | virtue of his authority, deserve the greatest praise in that
532 14 | ideal of perfection more desirable then attainable. ~
533 23 | reason, all but neglected and despised - the workers, We mean -
534 105 | but an immense power and despotic economic dictatorship is
535 45 | goods which the Creator destined for the entire family of
536 88 | individualist economic teaching. Destroying through forgetfulness or
537 50 | left wholly to his own free determination. Rather the Sacred Scriptures
538 138 | Our Pontificate, We firmly determined and resolved within Our
539 72 | 72. In determining the amount of the wage,
540 140 | do not let themselves be deterred from so noble a service
541 85 | involving advantage or detriment to employers or workers,
542 138(75)| Cf. Deut. 31:7. ~
543 63 | therefore, explaining and developing wherever necessary Leo XIII'
544 138 | institution this is proper to and devolves upon the Church. All these
545 146 | shrewdness alert and resolute devotees who spread their errors
546 114 | socialism will no longer differ from the desires and demands
547 114 | an honest discussion of differences founded on a desire for
548 34 | XIII were put into effect differently in different places according
549 23 | teachings were being widely diffused in the minds of men, with
550 33 | combining harmoniously the diligent practice of their occupation
551 117 | can never be abandoned or diminished seem to turn their eyes
552 23 | advantage of souls, the diocesan and regular clergy, though
553 144 | human family safe from the dire ruin into which it would
554 101 | under such terms that it directs business and even the whole
555 103 | impressing on it its advantages, disadvantages and vices, and, in a sense,
556 130 | solely by temporal upheavals, disasters, and calamities. But if
557 58 | created goods, which, as every discerning person knows, is laboring
558 143 | employ for the good of their disciples that most valuable means
559 124 | to reflection and try to discover how it could happen that
560 16 | we have proposed first to discuss, We cannot refrain, following
561 96 | questions are involved and discussed, can never forget or neglect
562 114 | gradually changes into an honest discussion of differences founded on
563 14 | so that the slow of heart disdained to study this new social
564 142 | with true manly courage the dishonest demands or the unjust acts
565 132 | Catholic faith, are the disordered passions of the soul, the
566 6 | remedy for this lamentable disorganization of States and a secure safeguard
567 126 | thought to repulse or to disown children who have been miserably
568 58 | gravest evils due to the huge disparity between the few exceedingly
569 31 | down this hostility and dispel these suspicions; but they
570 147 | effectiveness because of the dispersion of its energies in too many
571 88 | dictatorship which has recently displaced free competition can still
572 134 | success, by their insolent display of wealth, by their ridiculing
573 94 | parties cannot settle their dispute, public authority intervenes. ~
574 140 | workers' organizations who, disregarding their own personal advantage
575 20 | sound publications that are disseminated everywhere and in every
576 41 | Us and the grave duty of disseminating and interpreting the whole
577 35 | institutions, or that deplorable dissension of minds and hearts so widespread
578 80 | importance, which would otherwise dissipate its efforts greatly. Thereby
579 60 | worker is to be carefully distinguished from pauperism, nevertheless
580 79 | same time a grave evil and disturbance of right order to assign
581 14 | some who were not a little disturbed; and so it happened that
582 82 | founded on classes with divergent aims and hence opposed to
583 49 | declared as follows: "What divers forms has property had,
584 18 | conditions and institutions of diverse regions.17 ~
585 87 | associations with the widest diversity of purposes, which each
586 3 | society was clearly becoming divided more and more into two classes.
587 132 | corporate business, while dividing and limiting the risk of
588 96 | through indifference its divinely imposed mandate to be vigilant
589 122(56)| Encyclical, Divini illius Magistri Dec 31 1929 ~
590 51 | principles of the Angelic Doctor,37 an outstanding exemplification
591 48 | 48. Those, therefore, are doing a work that is truly salutary
592 49 | the State,"34 and also "domestic living together is prior
593 114 | since they carry with them a dominating power so great that cannot
594 147 | be "honor and glory and dominion forever and ever."82 ~
595 126 | pained by the injustice and downcast in fatherly sorrow, it is
596 24 | organizations in which workers, draftsmen, farmers and employees of
597 139 | have turned from God and, drawing them away from the temporal
598 17 | Manifestly it is the Church which draws from the Gospel the teachings
599 18 | her bosom, but from them drew copiously for the common
600 55 | which many have eagerly drunk whom open Socialism had
601 18(17) | 1920, sous la presidence du Card. Mercier." Paris, Editions "
602 92 | called free; for syndical dues and special assessments
603 142 | hope of the Church, must be duly prepared by an intensive
604 104 | good not only of those who dwell in regions given over to "
605 33 | truly praiseworthy zeal, eager to bring Leo's program to
606 28 | law, wholly unknown to the earlier time, has arisen from this
607 61 | endure the vicissitudes of earthly existence but have also
608 61 | family life with greater ease and security, and that,
609 59 | in the realms of the Far East that have been civilized
610 112 | laid waste vast regions of eastern Europe and Asia are the
611 57 | not work neither let him eat."41 For the Apostle is passing
612 18(17) | 1891-1931, pp. XVI-335; ed. "Union internationale d'
613 18(17) | du Card. Mercier." Paris, Editions "Spes," 1931. ~
614 137 | 137. But in effecting all this, the law of charity, "
615 53 | for either, denying the efficacy of the other, to arrogate
616 53 | toil unaided or have their efficiency marvelously increased by
617 119 | the demands of the most efficient production of goods. This
618 119 | goods are produced more efficiently by a suitable division of
619 49 | proves ownership, like other elements of social life, to be not
620 3 | abundantly provided; the other, embracing the huge multitude of working
621 61 | and security, and that, emerging from the insecure lot in
622 143 | in the discharge of this eminently priestly and apostolic duty
623 59 | And the point is the more emphatically to be asserted and more
624 136 | others and that they be employed in accordance with faith
625 112 | publicly, openly, and by employing every and all means, even
626 42 | economics and moral science employs each its own principles
627 18(17) | sociales fondee a Malines, en 1920, sous la presidence
628 27 | legislation that has been enacted in recent years and have
629 12 | either in private study or in enacting legislation have concerned
630 13 | workers, had up to that time encountered almost nothing but indifference
631 2 | Other Encyclicals of Our Predecessor had in
632 18(17) | probleme social depuis l'Encyclique "Rerum Novarum," 1891-1931,
633 61 | that when their lives are ended they will provide in some
634 4 | their hard lot, were barely enduring it and were refusing longer
635 112 | the evidence; how much an enemy and how openly hostile it
636 71 | low wage to be forced to engage in gainful occupations outside
637 3 | very small in number, was enjoying almost all the advantages
638 143 | condition of life and are enkindled with the fire of the heart
639 114 | class struggle abstains from enmities and mutual hatred, it gradually
640 82 | and therefore inclined to enmity and strife, continues to
641 135 | comes forth from the factory ennobled, while men there are corrupted
642 59 | working poor has increased enormously and their groans cry to
643 20 | which is daily fostered and enriched by the tireless efforts
644 119 | the material ends of which enter into their thinking, ought
645 134 | against others. Those first entering upon this broad way that
646 15 | are celebrating with such enthusiasm the solemn commemoration
647 139 | rather through ignorance or environment. ~
648 137 | every feeling of hatred or envy which the promoters of social
649 90(52) | Eph. 4:16. ~
650 5 | enormous and unjust an in equality in the distribution of this
651 116 | modified and to some extent erased from the program, the question
652 54 | these false ideas, these erroneous suppositions, have been
653 3 | poverty, was vainly seeking escape from the straits wherein
654 148 | entrusted to Us, but with the especial affection of Our heart to
655 83 | self-governing organizations, if not essential, at least natural to civil
656 32 | the way is easy toward establishing the mutual relations of
657 137 | the institutions for the establishment of peace and the promotion
658 38 | kind which We know well and estimate at their full value. There
659 18(17) | La Hierarchie catholique et le probleme social depuis
660 18(17) | Union internationale d'Etudes sociales fondee a Malines,
661 112 | vast regions of eastern Europe and Asia are the evidence;
662 69 | it will be impossible to evaluate work justly and pay it according
663 39 | and, therefore, from an ever-living and life-giving fountain,
664 136 | Who alone has the words of everlasting life,67 words which will
665 132 | unrestricted by any law opens to everybody attracts large numbers to
666 112 | Europe and Asia are the evidence; how much an enemy and how
667 44 | concerning the true and exact mind of Leo, it has seemed
668 92 | special assessments are exacted of absolutely all members
669 125 | try to hide their unjust exactions in order to protect themselves
670 28 | these laws do not conform exactly everywhere and in all respects
671 132 | especially of its structure, exacts of those engaged in it most
672 130 | and calamities. But if we examine things critically with Christian
673 47 | others' rights through the exceeding of the limits of one's own
674 58 | disparity between the few exceedingly rich and the unnumbered
675 74 | can be an obstacle if it exceeds these limits. For everyone
676 147 | sacrifice them, however excellent, if the greater common good
677 119 | goods of man, liberty not excepted, must take a secondary place
678 116 | communist have, without exception, recovered their senses
679 74 | wages and salaries are excessively lowered or raised; and this
680 16(14) | St. Ambrose, De excessu fratris sui Satyri 1, 44. ~
681 57 | one class is forbidden to exclude the other from sharing in
682 96 | by Catholic Action (which excludes strictly syndical or political
683 124 | them answer and plead in excuse: The Church and those proclaiming
684 51 | Doctor,37 an outstanding exemplification of the virtue of munificence
685 106 | dictatorship is being most forcibly exercised by those who, since they
686 11 | aid,"11 the Pope, clearly exercising his right and correctly
687 49 | grossly unjust for a State to exhaust private wealth through the
688 39 | immortal document does not exhibit a merely fanciful, even
689 143 | great a work, We earnestly exhort in the Lord to give themselves
690 119 | on the one hand neither exist nor be thought of without
691 69 | social and organic body exists, unless a social and juridical
692 24 | everywhere new and continuously expanding organizations in which workers,
693 139 | possible at first sight to expect. For if wonderful spiritual
694 14 | advance of its time beyond all expectation, so that the slow of heart
695 53 | hired out to others and expended on the property of others.
696 132 | quick profits with the least expenditure of work, raise or lower
697 74 | remains after necessary expenditures, to attain gradually to
698 8 | God; he summoned the most experienced and learned to counsel;
699 131 | it profit men to become expert in more wisely using their
700 136 | earth will pass away.68 All experts in social problems are seeking
701 18(16) | 1922, and Encyclical Rite Expiatis, Apr. 30, 1926. ~
702 41 | Yet before proceeding to explain these matters, that principle
703 84 | order, as St. Thomas well explains,49 is unity arising from
704 110 | for these great evils so explicitly that We consider it sufficient
705 135 | modesty of girls and women are exposed in modern factories; when
706 29 | commending these associations and expounds with a truly wonderful wisdom
707 2 | of the same nature fully expressing the mind of Leo XIII. Yet
708 143 | Exercises. In that Letter We expressly mentioned and warmly recommended
709 112 | class warfare and absolute extermination of private ownership. Not
710 78 | upon the overthrow and near extinction of that rich social life
711 71 | there may be enough to meet extraordinary needs. ~
712 116 | the socialist groups or factions that are not communist have,
713 135 | women are exposed in modern factories; when we recall how often
714 66 | accord with justice, many factors must be taken into account."45 ~
715 135 | matter comes forth from the factory ennobled, while men there
716 112 | alas, too well proved by facts and fully known to all.
717 110 | economic activity, cannot fail likewise to return to right
718 8 | part might be regarded as failure in his duty8 he decided,
719 54 | accumulation of capital falls by an absolutely insuperable
720 39 | does not exhibit a merely fanciful, even if beautiful, ideal
721 47 | boundaries; and it is much farther still from the truth to
722 129 | can draw away men's eyes, fascinated by and wholly fixed on the
723 65 | management or participate in some fashion in the profits received. ~
724 136 | seeking eagerly a structure so fashioned in accordance with the norms
725 145 | assistance of Divine Grace the fate of the human family rests
726 137 | their possible mistakes and faults. And the workers, sincerely
727 14 | philosophy and the timid feared to scale so lofty a height.
728 25 | confines imposed by Liberalism, fearlessly taught that government must
729 2(1) | Encyclical, Arcanum, Feb. 10, 1880. ~
730 137 | parts of society deeply feel themselves members of one
731 7 | all the world. And to the feet of Christ's Vicar on earth
732 39 | lavishly sown forty years ago, fell on good ground. On the basis
733 140 | about the good of their fellow members, are striving prudently
734 23 | becoming leaders of their fellows. ~
735 145 | our energies, to this our fervent and unremitting prayers
736 49 | sense); and then through the feudal and monarchial forms down
737 147 | welfare as well as in the fields of education and religion.
738 135 | was easy for the rank and file of workers everywhere to
739 23 | constant work, undertaken to fill the workers' souls with
740 1 | the whole Catholic world, filled with grateful recollection,
741 43 | steps, shall attain the final end of all things, that
742 109 | accursed internationalism of finance or international imperialism
743 28 | wages and labor hazards, in fine, everything which pertains
744 143 | and are enkindled with the fire of the heart of Christ.
745 26 | workers and curbed more flagrant acts of injustice inflicted
746 41 | to guide men to an only fleeting and perishable happiness
747 131 | of a truly innumerable flock, cannot hold back Our tears
748 7 | Christ's Vicar on earth were flocking in unaccustomed numbers,
749 36 | associations of workers have so flourished everywhere that while, alas,
750 144 | teachings of the Gospel to be flouted, and that order of things
751 61 | to labor as the bird to fly - but that they may increase
752 112 | gravely to be condemned is the folly of those who neglect to
753 18(17) | internationale d'Etudes sociales fondee a Malines, en 1920, sous
754 132 | 132. The root and font of this defection in economic
755 63 | work from which to obtain food and the necessaries of life
756 116 | are some allured by the foolish hope that socialists in
757 47 | division of possessions and forbids invasion of others' rights
758 106 | dictatorship is being most forcibly exercised by those who,
759 132 | they nullify the wisest forecasts of producers. The laws passed
760 117 | society itself is utterly foreign to Christian truth. ~
761 81 | 81. First and foremost, the State and every good
762 25 | under its special care and foresight."20 ~
763 133 | enormous evils and even forestalled them; this restraint, however,
764 56 | parties ought to have been forewarned by the wise words of Our
765 96 | and discussed, can never forget or neglect through indifference
766 132 | directors of business companies, forgetful of their trust, betray the
767 88 | teaching. Destroying through forgetfulness or ignorance the social
768 137 | just demands, and freely forgive their possible mistakes
769 39 | understand convict themselves formally of injustice and ingratitude. ~
770 34 | separate associations were formed. Of these, some devoted
771 15 | solemn commemoration of the fortieth anniversary of the Encyclical
772 20 | has arisen, which is daily fostered and enriched by the tireless
773 119 | force; on the other hand, it fosters a liberty no less false,
774 132 | profits and use means, fair or foul, to protect their hard-won
775 39 | ever-living and life-giving fountain, teachings capable of greatly
776 109 | have issued from the one fountain-head: On the one hand, economic
777 18 | Church did not let these rich fountains lie quiescent in her bosom,
778 132 | numerous snares for human frailty. Since the instability of
779 16(14) | St. Ambrose, De excessu fratris sui Satyri 1, 44. ~
780 132 | worst of injustices and frauds are penetrated; and that,
781 49 | owners but rather does them a friendly service; for it thereby
782 63 | himself through practicing frugality? Let us, therefore, explaining
783 26 | a more comprehensive and fruitful social policy. ~
784 136 | long as it continues, will frustrate all efforts to regenerate
785 118 | and that by faithfully fulfilling the duties of his craft
786 34 | all their attention to the fulfillment of religious and moral duties
787 16 | thanks," from offering our fullest gratitude to Almighty God
788 90 | system according to the functioning in due measure of each single
789 111 | however abandoning a position fundamentally contrary to Christian truth
790 105 | managing directors of invested funds which they administer according
791 136 | No genuine cure can be furnished for this lamentable ruin
792 131 | using their wealth, even to gaining the whole world, if thereby
793 132 | changes of fortune. The easy gains that a market unrestricted
794 4 | bend their necks beneath so galling a yoke; and some of them,
795 144 | for a certainty that the gates of hell shall never prevail
796 100 | economic system, wherein, generally, some provide capital while
797 108 | accumulation of might and of power generates in turn three kinds of conflict.
798 146 | to appear wiser in their generation than we who by the Divine
799 53 | with His goodness, first generously bestowed natural riches
800 84(49) | St. Thomas, Contra Gentiles, III, 71; cf. Summa theologica, ~
801 136 | opposed in actual fact by the gentle yet effective law of Christian
802 142 | power to subdue firmly but gently the hearts and wills of
803 57 | order of things for it to get everything and the worker
804 138 | the mandate of the Holy Ghost,74 are earnestly toiling
805 135 | workers) and the modesty of girls and women are exposed in
806 95 | 95. Anyone who gives even slight attention to
807 40 | additions thereto, We most gladly seize this fitting occasion,
808 21 | which Our Predecessor of glorious memory proclaimed so impressively
809 29 | and employers together. He goes into considerable detail
810 30 | opposed them, and while going out of their way to recognize
811 31 | confirmed in the path of duty a goodly number of those whom socialist
812 78 | with a structure of social governance lost, and with the taking
813 88 | of self direction which governs it much more perfectly than
814 80 | that the more perfectly a graduated order is kept among the
815 52 | has been given to a thing grants him title to these fruits. ~
816 106 | have so firmly in their grasp the soul, as it were, of
817 1 | Catholic world, filled with grateful recollection, is undertaking
818 38 | the will of men but to far graver difficulties that hinder
819 18(16) | 20, 1894, and Encyclical Graves de Communi, Jan. 18, 1901;
820 122 | resist them according to the gravity of the situation. It belongs
821 38 | removed soon, and even now We greet with the deepest joy of
822 10 | Supreme Pastor in this Letter, grieving that so large a portion
823 59 | increased enormously and their groans cry to God from the earth.
824 39 | years ago, fell on good ground. On the basis of the long
825 102 | procures its livelihood. This group, too, is being crushed with
826 142 | to meet it, all who are growing up as the hope of the Church,
827 25 | it were, of the rich is guarded by its own defenses and
828 25 | must not be thought a mere guardian of law and of good order,
829 11 | correctly holding that the guardianship of religion and the stewardship
830 143 | and founding study groups guided by principles in harmony
831 49 | public authority, under the guiding light always of the natural
832 72 | cause of the injury are guilty of grave wrong, for they
833 121 | and character. Under the guise of affection it tries in
834 83 | together by nearness of habitation establish towns, so those
835 12 | marveling admiration and hail it with the greatest applause,
836 116 | so as to meet Socialism half-way and, as it were, by a middle
837 21 | journals but in legislative halls also courts of justice. ~
838 10 | whom the present age had handed over, each alone and defenseless,
839 80 | to let subordinate groups handle matters and concerns of
840 14 | little disturbed; and so it happened that the teaching of Leo
841 114 | authority. If the foregoing happens, it can come even to the
842 55 | 55. And therefore, to the harassed workers there have come "
843 132 | or foul, to protect their hard-won wealth against sudden changes
844 140 | are striving prudently to harmonize the just demands of their
845 38 | which promise a still richer harvest in the future.25 ~
846 28 | workshops, wages and labor hazards, in fine, everything which
847 15 | will fall under three main headings, and this entire Encyclical
848 135 | workers everywhere to rush headlong also into the same chasm;
849 88 | less perform, since it is a headstrong power and a violent energy
850 129 | life and institutions will heal it."63 For this alone can
851 129 | if human society is to be healed, only a return to Christian
852 124 | far astray and We seem to hear what many of them answer
853 131 | passion for property, so that "hearing the commandments of the
854 12 | obedient children of the Church hearken to it with marveling admiration
855 4 | them, carried away by the heat of evil counsel, were seeking
856 137 | and children of the same Heavenly Father; nay, that they are
857 126 | Himself all that labor and are heavily burdened that He might refresh
858 107 | violently, those who give least heed to their conscience. ~
859 112 | deep sorrow contemplate the heedlessness of those who apparently
860 122 | that Bolshevism will be its heir. ~
861 144 | certainty that the gates of hell shall never prevail against
862 30 | many nations those at the helm of State, plainly imbued
863 23 | with the Christian spirit, helped much also to make them conscious
864 138 | participating and valiantly helping in this same great work,
865 116 | If they truly wish to be heralds of the Gospel, let them
866 125 | and under its name try to hide their unjust exactions in
867 132 | accountability; that furthermore, by hiding under the shelter of a joint
868 18(17) | Cf. La Hierarchie catholique et le probleme
869 85 | promote the cooperation in the highest degree of each industry
870 38 | graver difficulties that hinder associations of this kind
871 6 | dangerous innovators, now hindered in the good work by their
872 75 | cared for, is not only no hindrance to virtue but helps it greatly.47 ~
873 83 | hiring and offering for hire in the so-called labor market
874 117 | considered as a doctrine, or an historical fact, or a movement, Socialism,
875 121 | kind of socialist activity, hitherto little known but now carried
876 11 | his right and correctly holding that the guardianship of
877 28 | health, strength, family, homes, workshops, wages and labor
878 102 | of mankind honorably and honestly procures its livelihood.
879 112 | cruelty and inhumanity. The horrible slaughter and destruction
880 59 | Leo XIII beheld in all its horror is less widespread. Certainly
881 127 | efforts be wasted and our house be builded not on a rock
882 71 | Mothers, concentrating on household duties, should work primarily
883 135 | particularly the shameful housing conditions, create obstacles
884 102 | embraces a huge mass of humanity, significant in numbers
885 125 | the height of injustice to hurl these calumnies and reproaches
886 88 | because in the market, i.e., in the free struggle of
887 84 | employers and employees of an identical Industry or Profession collaborate
888 53 | efforts would have been idle and vain, indeed could never
889 52 | testifies. For, whatever some idly say to the contrary, no
890 14 | attacked and overturned the idols of Liberalism, ignored long-standing
891 122 | required here. But they seem to ignore or underestimate the grave
892 14 | the idols of Liberalism, ignored long-standing prejudices,
893 118 | on the other hand, wholly ignoring and indifferent to this
894 51(37) | Thomas, Summa theologica, II-II, Q. 134. ~
895 84(49) | Thomas, Contra Gentiles, III, 71; cf. Summa theologica, ~
896 30 | to defend themselves from ill treatment at the hands of
897 122(56)| Encyclical, Divini illius Magistri Dec 31 1929 ~
898 119(55)| Cf. Encyclical, Diuturnum illud, June 29, 1881. ~
899 18 | this same teaching have illustrated it with commentaries and
900 14 | regarded it as a kind of imaginary ideal of perfection more
901 96 | Ours whom Catholic Action imbues with Catholic principles
902 35 | associations zealously engaged in imbuing and forming their members
903 136 | men harmoniously unite to imitate and attain, in so far as
904 134 | easily found numerous imitators of their iniquity by the
905 39 | greatly mitigating, if not immediately terminating that deadly
906 122 | persons of the grave and imminent evil: let all remember that
907 136 | laws of God and without impairing the rights of others and
908 148 | managements, with paternal love We impart the Apostolic Benediction. ~
909 97 | other errors, they became impatient of every authority and sought
910 112 | apparently make light of these impending dangers, and with sluggish
911 112 | the Church regarding the impious and iniquitous character
912 133 | of rationalism had been implanted and rooted in many minds,
913 39 | so numerous and of such import as to show plainly that
914 49 | wealth through the weight of imposts and taxes. "For since the
915 59 | suppressed by silence or thought impracticable although they both can and
916 70 | character which nature has impressed on human work, and it is
917 103 | orbit and is unquestionably impressing on it its advantages, disadvantages
918 21 | glorious memory proclaimed so impressively have been frequently invoked
919 59 | of the workers has been improved and made more equitable
920 132 | desires, he is strongly incited to prefer the passing goods
921 82 | one another and therefore inclined to enmity and strife, continues
922 113 | by Communism, Socialism inclines toward and in a certain
923 25 | the needy, the State must include them under its special care
924 136 | be wholly defective and incomplete unless all the activities
925 115 | nothing in them now which is inconsistent with Christian truth, and
926 53 | applies what Leo XIII says is "incontestible," namely, that "the wealth
927 112 | has come to power, it is incredible and portentlike in its cruelty
928 88 | altogether free from and independent of public authority, because
929 63 | 63. As We have already indicated, following in the footsteps
930 141 | Venerable Brethren, clearly indicates the way in which We ought
931 118 | hand, wholly ignoring and indifferent to this sublime end of both
932 76 | individual persons and only indirectly touches social order, to
933 88 | the tenets of this evil individualistic spirit has more than sufficiently
934 60 | produced in our age of "industrialism," as it is called, are not
935 112 | dangers, and with sluggish inertia allow the widespread propagation
936 4 | abundant riches the result of inevitable economic laws and accordingly,
937 46 | of this same right, one inevitably runs into "collectivism"
938 43 | and to us, the supreme and inexhaustible Good. ~
939 109 | become tragically hard, inexorable, and cruel. To these are
940 46 | reproach the Church with infamous calumnies, as if she had
941 119 | individuals, socialists infer that economic activity,
942 138 | the holy missions to the infidels. Let well-merited acclamations
943 78 | overwhelmed and crushed by almost infinite tasks and duties. ~
944 112 | change the conditions that inflame the minds of peoples, and
945 26 | flagrant acts of injustice inflicted upon them. But after the
946 39 | formally of injustice and ingratitude. ~
947 87 | 87. Moreover, just as inhabitants of a town are wont to found
948 47 | arisen over ownership and its inherent duties there must be first
949 112 | regarding the impious and iniquitous character of Communism,
950 134 | numerous imitators of their iniquity by the example of their
951 77 | that what he so happily initiated may be solidly established,
952 74 | we see it prolonged and injuring so many during the years
953 132 | joint name, the worst of injustices and frauds are penetrated;
954 54 | being deprived of their innate right to obtain better conditions,
955 48 | Church, seek to define the inner nature of these duties and
956 46 | who, in their desire for innovation, do not scruple to reproach
957 6 | now rejected as dangerous innovators, now hindered in the good
958 131 | by His Blood, of a truly innumerable flock, cannot hold back
959 61 | that, emerging from the insecure lot in life in whose uncertainties
960 38 | soul, certain by no means insignificant attempts in this direction,
961 62 | We emphasize with renewed insistence in our present Encyclical;
962 59 | to be asserted and more insistently repeated because the commands
963 122 | that Christian education insists on and the ends it pursues,
964 134 | manifest success, by their insolent display of wealth, by their
965 132 | human frailty. Since the instability of economic life, and especially
966 | instead
967 135 | everywhere changed into an instrument of perversion; for dead
968 136 | God be considered as mere instruments to be used only in so far
969 54 | capital falls by an absolutely insuperable economic law to the rich,
970 49 | inheritance ought always to remain intact and inviolate, since this
971 48 | among themselves and the integrity of the traditional teaching
972 88 | intervention of any created intellect. But free competition, while
973 55 | workers there have come "intellectuals," as they are called, setting
974 57 | perfection the end which God intends. Therefore, the riches that
975 132 | those engaged in it most intense and unceasing effort, some
976 38 | which Our same Predecessor intensely desired established among
977 27 | grounds and with greater intensity, and so strongly encouraged
978 142 | must be duly prepared by an intensive study of the social question.
979 109 | from all partiality and intent upon the one common good
980 69 | various occupations, being interdependent, cooperate with and mutually
981 143 | persecution, burning with zeal, interested solely in spreading everywhere
982 109 | that have resulted from an intermingling and shameful confusion of
983 18(17) | pp. XVI-335; ed. "Union internationale d'Etudes sociales fondee
984 109 | less deadly and accursed internationalism of finance or international
985 41 | God entrusted to her to interpose her authority, not of course
986 18 | their continual and able interpretation of this same teaching have
987 44 | safeguard it from false interpretations. ~
988 41 | duty of disseminating and interpreting the whole moral law, and
989 20 | that are held at frequent intervals with most successful results,
990 94 | dispute, public authority intervenes. ~
991 88 | perfectly than would the intervention of any created intellect.
992 71 | demands that changes be introduced as soon as possible whereby
993 103 | Encyclical, that it has invaded and pervaded the economic
994 47 | possessions and forbids invasion of others' rights through
995 111 | XIII, had especially to inveigh, has since his time changed
996 3 | advantages which modern inventions so abundantly provided;
997 105 | and managing directors of invested funds which they administer
998 23 | minds of men, with learned investigations leading the way, they have
999 143 | in faith, endowed with an invincible steadfastness in persecution,
1000 126 | salvation that We cannot but invite them with all possible solicitude
1001 126 | labors from His youth, Who invited to Himself all that labor