Chapter, Paragraph

  1  2,2 |                    former Megarian colony, Byzantium (Βυζαντιον).~ Long before
  2  2,2 |                   commercial advantages of Byzantium, situated as it was on the
  3  2,2 |                south end of the Bosphorus, Byzantium, named for the chief of
  4  2,2 |                  Βυζας). The advantages of Byzantium over Chalcedon were well
  5  2,2 |                Megabazus, upon arriving at Byzantium, called the inhabitants
  6  2,2 |        disregarding the better site, where Byzantium was founded within a few
  7  2,2 |            opposite the land of the blind. Byzantium played an important part
  8  2,2 |                   and economic position of Byzantium. Recognizing the importance
  9  2,2 |              consent of the inhabitants of Byzantium not a single commercial
 10  2,2 |                  end of the second century Byzantium received a heavy blow: Septimius
 11  2,2 |                Niger, who was supported by Byzantium, submitted the city to a
 12  2,2 |                 capital, he did not choose Byzantium at once. For a while, at
 13  2,2 |                choice fell definitely upon Byzantium. Even a century later travelers
 14  2,2 |                 begun by Constantine.[47]~ Byzantium, which had not yet fully
 15  2,2 |                    superimposed upon pagan Byzantium.[50]~ Although it is difficult
 16  2,2 |                   the extent of the former Byzantium. There are no precise figures
 17  2,2 |                     In later years ancient Byzantium became the capital of a
 18  2,3 |                  these raids they pillaged Byzantium, Chrysopolis (on the Asiatic
 19  2,3 |                    the Asiatic side facing Byzantium; Scutari at present), Cyzicus,
 20  3,11|             friendship was tension between Byzantium and Persia.[116] During
 21  3,11|                  was very unsuccessful for Byzantium. The siege of Nisibis was
 22  3,11|                    of Daras, were ceded to Byzantium; the humiliating condition
 23  3,16|                   history of Theophanes of Byzantium, who wrote at the end of
 24  3,16|                  with the early history of Byzantium even before the time of
 25  3,16|                 and Justinian, Leontius of Byzantium, who left several works
 26  4,1 |                   the creator of Mediaeval Byzantium,” Ostrogorsky said, “whose
 27  4,1 |                   At about this time (624) Byzantium was losing its last possessions
 28  4,4 |                   for the artistic life of Byzantium in the Golden Age of Justinian
 29  5,6 |                    Constantine, Emperor of Byzantium, at that time about twelve
 30  5,6 |                   to be used officially in Byzantium, designating the legitimate
 31  5,8 |                   all the artistic life of Byzantium … A large number of educated
 32  6   |                 adopting Christianity from Byzantium, entered into closer religious,
 33  6,2 |                  the aid she expected from Byzantium. In addition to all this
 34  6,2 |                      that ancient rival of Byzantium in the east, the city of
 35  6,2 |           population was taxed in favor of Byzantium, while the Christians of
 36  6,3 |                peace, very satisfactory to Byzantium, “scarcely disguised the
 37  6,4 |               developed between Russia and Byzantium. According to the Russian
 38  6,6 |               strengthened the position of Byzantium in southern Italy to such
 39  6,6 |                   period of strife between Byzantium and Rome which ended in
 40  6,7 |                   letters sent to him from Byzantium came after his death and
 41  6,8 |                suffered greatly and caused Byzantium to descend from the high
 42  6,8 |                   The Turks also served in Byzantium as mercenaries as well as
 43  6,8 |                 definite sum of money; (2) Byzantium was to pay a large annual
 44  6,8 |                 tribute to Alp Arslan; (3) Byzantium was to return all Turkish
 45  6,8 |                    deeper into the life of Byzantium. Separate detachments of
 46  6,8 |                   intellectual progress of Byzantium, not only by protecting
 47  6,8 |                    the artistic efforts of Byzantium. In other words, in place
 48  6,8 |                   and architects worked in Byzantium. The New Church, built by
 49  7   |                                         7. Byzantium and the Crusades~ ~ ~
 50  7,1 |                  whose name was changed in Byzantium to Irene, was a sister‑in‑
 51  7,1 |               himself in his true light in Byzantium. He spent most of Manuel’
 52  7,1 |                   with Hungary, with which Byzantium had begun a war. Manuel
 53  7,1 |                  blow at the very heart of Byzantium, he transferred hostilities
 54  7,1 |                  seize the trade routes to Byzantium and the East, in other words,
 55  7,1 |               undertaken by Robert against Byzantium was successful, but an epidemic
 56  7,1 |               south Italian possessions of Byzantium was definitely decided.
 57  7,1 |                  economic preponderance in Byzantium were such as would seem
 58  7,1 |                     In their conflict with Byzantium the Patzinaks found allies
 59  7,1 |                 Patzinaks to fight against Byzantium. The Cumans (Polovtzi) joined
 60  7,1 |                  taxed all the strength of Byzantium. At the end of the ninth
 61  7,1 |                  the Patzinaks by payment, Byzantium had to live through the
 62  7,1 |                    there appeared a foe of Byzantium who combined with the enterprising
 63  7,1 |                   interference in favor of Byzantium the Cumans did an enormous
 64  7,1 |                  undertake nothing against Byzantium.~ Tzachas, who had terrified
 65  7,1 |                 Tzachas, who had terrified Byzantium but had not succeeded in
 66  7,1 |                  the critical situation of Byzantium about 1091, has been the
 67  7,1 |                    had been reconquered by Byzantium from the Normans, hostilities
 68  7,1 |      dissatisfaction both to Venice and to Byzantium. Thus the international
 69  7,1 |                    later to prove fatal to Byzantium.~ ~ ~The First Crusade and
 70  7,1 |                      The First Crusade and Byzantium.~ The epoch of the crusades
 71  7,1 |           crusaders in 1204 demonstrated.~ Byzantium played such an important
 72  7,1 |                These military successes of Byzantium had a repercussion in Jerusalem,
 73  7,1 |                   A peace was made between Byzantium and the Fatimids, and the
 74  7,1 |                 Europeans realized that if Byzantium fell under the pressure
 75  7,1 |                European peoples to furnish Byzantium with adequate assistance.
 76  7,1 |                  of the question — aid for Byzantium and thereby for all the
 77  7,1 |            Constantinople in order to save Byzantium, the chief defender of Christianity
 78  7,1 |                   and restore “schismatic” Byzantium to the bosom of the Catholic
 79  7,1 |            information on pilgrimages from Byzantium to the Holy Land in the
 80  7,1 |                remained under the power of Byzantium, did not hesitate to traffic
 81  7,1 |                 central Europe, Italy, and Byzantium. It began in the southwestern
 82  7,1 |               secondary significance.~ For Byzantium, the problem of a crusade
 83  7,1 |                preachers of a crusade. For Byzantium the political problem of
 84  7,1 |                 had not been realized, and Byzantium, under the menacing pressure
 85  7,1 |              recovering the Holy Land. For Byzantium the Palestine problem at
 86  7,1 |                    of the real attitude of Byzantium towards the crusaders and
 87  7,1 |          absolutely alien to the spirit of Byzantium at the end of the eleventh
 88  7,1 |                    slightly connected with Byzantium. True, the Eastern Empire
 89  7,1 |            conquest of Syria and Palestine Byzantium took no part.~ In the spring
 90  7,1 |          impression left by these bands in Byzantium reacted against the later
 91  7,1 |                   even their accounts with Byzantium, whose stubborn enemies
 92  7,1 |                  great importance both for Byzantium And the East and for western
 93  7,1 |                     which had been lost by Byzantium long ago, the Emperor did
 94  7,1 |                    the country; after that Byzantium had an excellent opportunity
 95  7,1 |           complicated political situation. Byzantium, satisfied with the weakening
 96  7,1 |               became new political foes of Byzantium. The Empire’s distrust gradually
 97  7,1 |                    in the twelfth century, Byzantium, opening hostilities against
 98  7,1 |           alliances with the Turks against Byzantium. Here, in the twelfth century,
 99  7,1 |                 opened hostilities against Byzantium. The pope favored Bohemond’
100  7,1 |                   the crusaders threatened Byzantium. Alexius, who had received
101  7,1 |              process of the dissolution of Byzantium. Under Alexius, the frontiers
102  7,1 |                  his enemies from invading Byzantium; the son determined “to
103  7,1 |                   become very important to Byzantium. John’s main interest in
104  7,1 |                 European states with which Byzantium had to come into contact.~
105  7,1 |                 pledged herself to support Byzantium with her fleet; thereupon
106  7,1 |           considering the Norman danger to Byzantium already over, John decided
107  7,1 |                    the external history of Byzantium. However, Patzinaks who
108  7,1 |           afterwards fought on the side of Byzantium.~ The tendency of Hungary (
109  7,1 |                     which was dangerous to Byzantium, the increasing rapprochement
110  7,1 |                 had been forced to come to Byzantium at the beginning of the
111  7,1 |                   a new cause for alarm to Byzantium was created in the close
112  7,1 |                   was a tremendous blow to Byzantium. The Emperor, theoretically
113  7,1 |                    undesirable not only to Byzantium, but also to the German
114  7,1 |               preventing him from invading Byzantium. The subsequent wars of
115  7,1 |                territory at the expense of Byzantium, came into close relations
116  7,1 |                    Bertha, who received in Byzantium the name of Irene, set a
117  7,1 |                  venture to begin war with Byzantium with his former hopes for
118  7,1 |                    for a time; it deprived Byzantium of German support and exposed
119  7,1 |                   the hostile relations of Byzantium to Antioch and Edessa. These
120  7,1 |                    in the crusade deprived Byzantium of the guarantee upon which
121  7,1 |                      Besides the fact that Byzantium was very greatly interested
122  7,1 |                   him from the alliance of Byzantium with Germany, who had promised
123  7,1 |                  possible difficulties for Byzantium. Owing to the Sicilian fleet
124  7,1 |                   crusade which threatened Byzantium with unavoidable danger.
125  7,1 |                     schismatic” Emperor of Byzantium. It was thought in Italy
126  7,1 |               coalition against Manuel and Byzantium at the head of which stood
127  7,1 |                   1154 the terrible foe of Byzantium, Roger II, died. The new
128  7,1 |                    of the alliance between Byzantium and Venice. The Republic
129  7,1 |                broke off her alliance with Byzantium and having obtained important
130  7,1 |                   meant the abandonment by Byzantium of her long cherished and
131  7,1 |                latter passed over again to Byzantium. But Manuel, willing, perhaps
132  7,1 |               ordered all the Venetians of Byzantium to be arrested and their
133  7,1 |             incensed, sent a fleet against Byzantium which, owing to an epidemic,
134  7,1 |                 friendly relations between Byzantium and Venice were not restored
135  7,1 |                  the most dangerous foe of Byzantium in the East, the sultan
136  7,1 |               behalf of the two countries, Byzantium and Antioch. The king of
137  7,1 |                  1176 definitely destroyed Byzantium’s last hope of expelling
138  7,1 |        circumstances became unfavorable to Byzantium, Frederick began to dream
139  7,1 |                 West which were hostile to Byzantium, the Congress was a prognostic
140  7,1 |                 princess Agnes received in Byzantium the name of Anne. Owing
141  7,1 |                   been established between Byzantium and France after the Second
142  7,1 |                   which was uncongenial to Byzantium and whose culture at that
143  7,1 |                   and ancient greatness of Byzantium sank into the grave forever.”
144  7,1 |            national government and deliver Byzantium from the Latin preponderance;
145  7,1 |               attitude of the West towards Byzantium was exceedingly menacing.
146  7,1 |                  there were two enemies of Byzantium in western Europe: Germany,
147  7,1 |                   time the aid rendered by Byzantium to the Lombard communes
148  7,1 |                   open hostilities against Byzantium.~ Meanwhile, the western
149  7,1 |                   would be created against Byzantium one single terrible enemy
150  7,1 |                    western emperor against Byzantium, in order to conquer more
151  7,1 |                   the internal troubles in Byzantium, organized a great expedition
152  7,1 |                    blow to the Empire, for Byzantium had had there an important
153  7,2 |            escaping on a Pisan vessel from Byzantium to Italy; he went then to
154  7,2 |            crusaders seized the capital of Byzantium and, deposing Alexius III,
155  7,2 |                 politically independent of Byzantium, with a capital at Trnovo
156  7,2 |                   had been taken away from Byzantium, as well as that he should
157  7,2 |                  Bulgarian leaders against Byzantium, which undoubtedly would
158  7,2 |                   a revolution occurred in Byzantium which deprived Isaac of
159  7,2 |                  and later to the Latins.” Byzantium could not cope alone with
160  7,2 |                 Angeli a powerful rival to Byzantium arose in the Balkan peninsula
161  7,2 |                      The Third Crusade and Byzantium.~ After the fruitless Second
162  7,2 |                 been clearly aimed against Byzantium, could not but alarm Isaac.~
163  7,2 |           encroached upon the interests of Byzantium much less. However, with
164  7,2 |                   connected the problem of Byzantium’s definite loss of the island
165  7,2 |                  danger had been great for Byzantium under Frederick Barbarossa,
166  7,2 |                    that is, the Emperor of Byzantium. But besides that, he inherited,
167  7,2 |                  enmity of the Normans for Byzantium, and their aggressive plans.
168  7,2 |                  not done, namely to annex Byzantium to the Western Empire. A
169  7,2 |              Normans but later restored to Byzantium; in the same document the
170  7,2 |                 his brother some rights to Byzantium. In the person of Henry
171  7,2 |                  Christian East, including Byzantium. Circumstances seemed to
172  7,2 |                  the pope took the side of Byzantium. He understood very well
173  7,2 |              universal monarchy, including Byzantium, should be realized, the
174  7,2 |                 secondary question whether Byzantium, as a buffer state against
175  7,2 |                 escaped the Hohenstaufens. Byzantium met the news of Henry’s
176  7,2 |                    the future destinies of Byzantium. “Henry raised definitely
177  7,2 |                   thought of any attack on Byzantium; that Henry’s crusade had
178  7,2 |                   aggressive plans against Byzantium. Such a policy, moreover,
179  7,2 |                    world monarchy in which Byzantium was to become the most important
180  7,3 |                     The Fourth Crusade and Byzantium~The Fourth Crusade is an
181  7,3 |                   complicated situation of Byzantium, both external and internal,
182  7,3 |                Thereupon relations between Byzantium and Rome became somewhat
183  7,3 |             Crusade, the relations between Byzantium and Venice were not particularly
184  7,3 |                   Dandolo’s deep hatred of Byzantium. Of course, the mutual distrust
185  7,3 |                    distrust and rivalry of Byzantium and Venice were founded
186  7,3 |                  all to his nearest rival, Byzantium. He demanded that all the
187  7,3 |                 been obtained by Venice in Byzantium and had been somewhat curtailed
188  7,3 |                    was ripening to conquer Byzantium in order to secure definitely
189  7,3 |                    promised to subordinate Byzantium to Rome as far as religion
190  7,3 |                explaining the crusade upon Byzantium which no west European source
191  7,3 |             inclined the crusaders against Byzantium. Thus, there was no question
192  7,3 |                  Egypt and to sail against Byzantium. Then the German historian,
193  7,3 |                   to revenge themselves on Byzantium for the sympathy Alexius
194  7,3 |                 and internal conditions of Byzantium in the East. The interplay
195  7,3 |                 Finally the unpaid debt of Byzantium to Venice for the Venetian
196  7,3 |                from any obligation towards Byzantium. Conflict between the Greeks
197  7,4 |                 The ecclesiastical life of Byzantium under the Comneni and Angeli
198  7,4 |                  so very characteristic of Byzantium. In one version of the History
199  7,4 |             threaten the very existence of Byzantium as an independent state,
200  7,4 |                   the intellectual life of Byzantium under Alexius Comnenus was
201  7,4 |                    the cultural history of Byzantium at the end of the eleventh
202  7,4 |          scholasticism depended on that of Byzantium; but it may be affirmed
203  7,4 |                   the same that we find in Byzantium.”~ In external ecclesiastical
204  7,4 |                 was the danger threatening Byzantium from her external enemies,
205  7,4 |                    the time of the fall of Byzantium. Manuel was forced to yield
206  7,4 |            Eucharist. A similar dispute in Byzantium at the end of the twelfth
207  7,4 |                    the internal history of Byzantium has been inadequately investigated,
208  7,4 |                    of the internal life of Byzantium in the twelfth century was
209  7,4 |                 foreigners who had come to Byzantium because of the Emperor’s
210  7,4 |                city of Tudela, who visited Byzantium in the eighth decade of
211  7,4 |          appearance of the Anglo-Saxons in Byzantium was the conquest of England
212  7,4 |                   which, in the history of Byzantium of the twelfth century,
213  7,4 |                mercenary foreign troops in Byzantium as during the latinophile
214  7,4 |            alliance with the Empire helped Byzantium a great deal, but, of course,
215  7,4 |              relations with each other and Byzantium lost the role of intermediate
216  7,4 |                    for the first time with Byzantium, and it is certain that
217  7,4 |                   commercial importance of Byzantium was thoroughly undermined
218  7,4 |              increase of Turkish danger to Byzantium.~ The gifted and highly
219  7,4 |                    in the cultural life of Byzantium in the twelfth century.
220  7,4 |                    and cultural history of Byzantium.~ At the close of the eleventh
221  7,4 |                    the internal history of Byzantium.~ Another contemporary of
222  7,4 |                   and the Latins of Syria, Byzantium continued to initiate and
223  7,4 |                    and military fortune of Byzantium is shaken never to rise
224  7,4 |              intercourse between Italy and Byzantium, especially Constantinople,
225  7,4 |                  commercial republics with Byzantium, and the Venetian and Pisan
226  7,4 |                    pages in the history of Byzantium. In previous epochs Byzantium
227  7,4 |              Byzantium. In previous epochs Byzantium had had no such revival,
228  7,4 |              renaissance in the history of Byzantium.~ ~ ~ ~
229  8,2 |                   as a possible emperor of Byzantium by the Constantinopolitan
230  8,2 |                   been a terrible enemy of Byzantium. The Latin state established
231  8,2 |                 weakened imperial power in Byzantium became thereafter the chief
232  8,2 |                  name given at the time of Byzantium to the public imperial speeches
233  8,5 |             inundation out of the walls of Byzantium to the shores of Asia in
234  8,7 |         unavoidably to struggle to restore Byzantium.~ The founder of the Despotat
235  8,9 |                     63]~ In the history of Byzantium, John Asen II was very important
236  8,10|                twelfth century had menaced Byzantium with fatal danger. Frederick
237  8,16|                 sources for the history of Byzantium in the thirteenth century.
238  8,16|                 philosophical movements in Byzantium of the thirteenth century,
239  8,16|                problem of the influence of Byzantium on the development of western
240  8,16|                    the crusades created in Byzantium a more complex literary
241  8,16|                   such strong influence on Byzantium as it exercised, for example,
242  8,17|                    problem of feudalism in Byzantium has not been much studied;
243  8,17|                   feudalizing processes in Byzantium, whereas not long ago the
244  8,17|                   seemed a paradox.~ Since Byzantium is the continuation of the
245  8,17|                    in the internal life of Byzantium. The question is only to
246  8,17|                   military service. But in Byzantium, especially beginning with
247  8,17|                    on the internal life of Byzantium, P. V. Bezobrazov, wrote: “
248  8,17|                    military failures which Byzantium suffered from the seventh
249  8,17|                  the Slavonic influence in Byzantium as one of the most important
250  8,17|                 extent down to the fall of Byzantium; at least in legislative
251  8,17|                  was generally accepted in Byzantium to designate imperial grants,
252  8,17|              According to Th. Uspensky, in Byzantium the term pronoia “means
253  8,17|                    European influence into Byzantium, especially under the latinophile
254  8,17|                   make their appearance in Byzantium, for example lizios, which
255  8,17|              relations on the territory of Byzantium is contained in the so-called
256  8,17|                  the problem of pronoia in Byzantium, in connection with kharistikion
257  8,17| commondatio-mundium was also well known in Byzantium. The codes of Theodosius
258  8,17|               immunitas) was also known in Byzantium as exkuseia or exkusseia (
259  8,17|             Western custom which passed to Byzantium in German shape. In his
260  8,17|            Frankish form when it passed in Byzantium.”[216] Another scholar who
261  8,17|                originated and developed in Byzantium independently and he refused
262  8,17|                disorder which broke out in Byzantium because of the degeneration
263  8,17|                observations on immunity in Byzantium deal exclusively with monasterial
264  8,17|                   lay exkuseia-immunity in Byzantium. And it may be inferred
265  8,17|                    of the internal life of Byzantium itself and for the internal
266  8,17|                   to an historian, took in Byzantium the place of the duchies
267  8,17|                 monastery landownership in Byzantium, the seventh century is
268  8,17|               similar was also the case in Byzantium at the same time.”[230]~
269  8,17|          establishment of a new dynasty in Byzantium in the person of his son,
270  8,17|                   feudalizing processes in Byzantium had assumed so definite
271  8,17|                  The study of feudalism in Byzantium has just begun. In 1879
272  8,17|                   Angeli may one notice in Byzantium “a real embryo of a feudal
273  8,17|            processes might have existed in Byzantium before the close of the
274  8,17|            subvassals, was never formed in Byzantium. “But,” as Charles Diehl
275  9   |                             9. The fall of Byzantium~ ~
276  9,2 |              reduced from the territory of Byzantium in the epoch of the Comneni
277  9,2 |               powerful emperor of restored Byzantium.”[3] The Empire of the first
278  9,2 |               political international life Byzantium under the Palaeologi played
279  9,2 |                   unexpected. At that time Byzantium produced not a few scholars
280  9,2 |                    the first Comneni, gave Byzantium many energetic and gifted
281  9,2 |                    new period of decay for Byzantium, ended his days as a monk.
282  9,2 |              Serbian who became Empress of Byzantium.”[18] She gave birth to
283  9,2 |                   the once great Empire of Byzantium. At the beginning of 1449,
284  9,2 |                  to the declining house of Byzantium, the new Tsarina of Russia
285  9,3 |                  policy of Michael VIII.~ ~Byzantium and the Kingdom of the Two
286  9,3 |                  enmity of the Normans for Byzantium and their aggressive plans.
287  9,3 |                lost throne. With regard to Byzantium, Manfred adopted the policy
288  9,3 |              favorable trade conditions in Byzantium, entered into negotiations
289  9,3 |                  take actual steps against Byzantium; he fell a victim to papal
290  9,3 |                   Charles’ attitude toward Byzantium was clearly shown. With
291  9,3 |               Greeks. The Norman claims to Byzantium thus revived again in full
292  9,3 |              conciliatory policy regarding Byzantium. On the other hand, Michael
293  9,3 |                   out his plan of invading Byzantium. Michael VIII, hoping to
294  9,3 |               Louis also in the history of Byzantium. Michael sent Louis IX a
295  9,3 |                Charles’ plan of conquering Byzantium also met with Louis’ serious
296  9,3 |                    his hostilities against Byzantium by Louis’ second crusade
297  9,3 |                   out his plan of invading Byzantium. But on his way back from
298  9,3 |            undertake the offensive against Byzantium on such a large scale as
299  9,3 |                  serious danger threatened Byzantium from the Slavo-French allies.
300  9,3 |                year the expedition against Byzantium already decided on, and
301  9,3 |                   coalition formed against Byzantium: the troops of the Latin
302  9,3 |                Anjou.[56a]~ Deliverance to Byzantium came suddenly from the West,
303  9,3 |                part also in the history of Byzantium.~ Before Amari’s work came
304  9,3 |               difficult expedition against Byzantium, were the chief causes of
305  9,3 |                  where hostilities against Byzantium were going on, to reconquer
306  9,3 |                   Italy. The importance to Byzantium of the Sicilian Vespers,
307  9,3 |                  aggressive policy against Byzantium.~ The revolution of 1282
308  9,3 |              alliance with Charles against Byzantium. Learning of the rising
309  9,3 |               formed closer relations with Byzantium, and three years later concluded
310  9,3 |                 VIII took advantage, saved Byzantium from the fatal danger that
311  9,3 |              course, the Turkish danger to Byzantium had begun much earlier;
312  9,3 |                   Golden Horde, Egypt, and Byzantium existed during Michael’s
313  9,3 |                 any decisive steps against Byzantium. As for the sultanate of
314  9,3 |                 time of the Arabian power, Byzantium had established on the eastern
315  9,3 |                  to deal the final blow to Byzantium and destroy the eastern
316  9,4 |                     The external policy of Byzantium during the reigns of the
317  9,4 |                  goal in the struggle with Byzantium, the complete destruction
318  9,4 |                   remained in the power of Byzantium. The imperial troops held
319  9,4 |              Spaniards in the destinies of Byzantium is narrated in detail both
320  9,4 |                 the double-headed eagle of Byzantium victorious to the foot of
321  9,4 |                 Latins and the Ottomans.~ ~Byzantium and the rise of Serbia;
322  9,4 |               Dušan). — The possessions of Byzantium in the Balkan peninsula,
323  9,4 |                     As to the Archipelago, Byzantium possessed only a few islands
324  9,4 |              another threatening danger to Byzantium was growing up in the Balkan
325  9,4 |                 Serbs remained faithful to Byzantium and the eastern church.
326  9,4 |                    to successful wars with Byzantium and the Bulgars, he considerably
327  9,4 |                keep the regions taken from Byzantium. These negotiations came
328  9,4 |                   clearly the influence of Byzantium, where it was an old custom
329  9,4 |                  Andronicus III reigned in Byzantium, Stephen Dushan took advantage
330  9,4 |                developed his plans against Byzantium, nevertheless had already
331  9,4 |                name) were subject first to Byzantium, then to the Great Bulgaria
332  9,5 |                    lands from the power of Byzantium and the formation of one
333  9,5 |                    a new empire instead of Byzantium, not Serbian, but Serbian-Greek,
334  9,5 |                reign his campaigns against Byzantium were not so frequent as
335  9,6 |                            The policies of Byzantium in the fourteenth century.~ ~
336  9,6 |                  the general discontent in Byzantium, with the Emperor and government,
337  9,6 |                  this event, fatal to both Byzantium and Europe. The chief cause
338  9,6 |                  the general conditions in Byzantium and the Balkan peninsula,
339  9,6 |             unceasing internal troubles in Byzantium and the Slavonic states,
340  9,6 |                  200,000 gold coins, while Byzantium received barely 30,000.[
341  9,6 |                    Realizing the danger to Byzantium from Galata, Cantacuzene,
342  9,6 |                   book of Thucydides. From Byzantium, as western chroniclers
343  9,6 |                Genoa and which referred to Byzantium. Venice was to evacuate
344  9,6 |                 the throne, were restored. Byzantium had again to steer a way
345  9,7 |        presentiments did not deceive him.~ Byzantium, or rather, Constantinople,
346  9,7 |                  the time being to cut off Byzantium from intercourse with the
347  9,7 |                 friendly relations between Byzantium and Bayazid came to an open
348  9,7 |                 the desperate situation of Byzantium.~ ~The journey of Manuel
349  9,7 |                position when asked to lend Byzantium a helping hand. Her important
350  9,7 |                    and its significance to Byzantium. — Meanwhile, the fruitless
351  9,8 |                     As far as real help to Byzantium was concerned, however,
352  9,8 |                   to the help of perishing Byzantium. Thereafter Constantinople
353  9,8 |                  relations with the Turks, Byzantium under John VIII suffered
354  9,8 |                  to be the last emperor of Byzantium, took advantage of some
355  9,9 |                   prominent dignitaries of Byzantium, Lucas Notaras, uttered
356  9,9 |                 described the last days of Byzantium in order to restore the
357  9,9 |                   related the last days of Byzantium from the point of view of
358  9,9 |            historian of the last period of Byzantium, the only Athenian in Byzantine
359  9,9 |                   topic of his history not Byzantium, but the Turkish Empire,
360  9,9 |                distress which had befallen Byzantium as a punishment for the
361  9,9 |            convinced that God had punished Byzantium for its schism.~ Italian
362  9,9 |                   mind numberless books in Byzantium which were still unknown
363  9,11|                  aggressive policy against Byzantium found no favor with the
364  9,11|               increased by the conquest of Byzantium, would be hardly less dangerous
365  9,11|                   the Hohenstaufen sway in Byzantium. It is interesting to note
366  9,11|               ecclesiastical submission of Byzantium to Rome would bring about
367  9,11|                   aggressive plans against Byzantium. But Michael regarded himself
368  9,12|              Besides the question of union Byzantium was agitated during the
369  9,12|                   changeable an element in Byzantium as the monks and, to some
370  9,12|             organization in the history of Byzantium, a new distribution of the
371  9,13|                     made its appearance in Byzantium and gave rise to eager controversies
372  9,13|                shook monastic authority in Byzantium.[273]~ Barlaam’s Latin proselyting
373  9,13|                 with which Barlaam came to Byzantium have not yet been satisfactorily
374  9,14|               cultural intercourse between Byzantium and western Europe in the
375  9,15|            Orthodox nationalistic party in Byzantium opposed the idea of union,
376  9,17|                Empire of Trebizond, but in Byzantium in general from the thirteenth
377  9,17|             entirely out of the control of Byzantium, and in the fourteenth century
378  9,17|                  conditions of the Empire, Byzantium lost control of her trade.
379  9,17|                    in the economic life of Byzantium. The Genoese were exempt
380  9,17|              violent wars. The position of Byzantium in these wars was extremely
381  9,17|                   her economic position in Byzantium, in the Aegean and Black
382  9,17|                  many western merchants in Byzantium went to them, not to Byzantium;
383  9,17|             Byzantium went to them, not to Byzantium; the economic dependence
384  9,17|                    took place which placed Byzantium under the regime of silver
385  9,17|              economic might of the west in Byzantium was ended by the victorious
386  9,18|                  the two last centuries of Byzantium, Nicephorus Gregoras, who
387  9,18|              almost all the eminent men in Byzantium of the Palaeologian epoch
388  9,18|                  the last two centuries of Byzantium;”[348] Montelatici described
389  9,18|                    most eminent writers of Byzantium in the fourteenth century,
390  9,18|                    is difficult to find in Byzantium an adequate parallel to
391  9,18|               during the last centuries of Byzantium cannot be fully known or
392  9,18|                 cultural relations between Byzantium and the Italian Renaissance,
393  9,18|                  section on the problem of Byzantium and the Renaissance.~ The
394  9,18|                    the cultural history of Byzantium in the fourteenth century,
395  9,18|                 never been discontinued in Byzantium. In the eleventh century
396  9,18|              general, was strongly felt in Byzantium during the Hesychast quarrel.
397  9,18|                    the cultural history of Byzantium, and if only for this reason
398  9,18|              history of political ideas in Byzantium is not a tedious repetition
399  9,18|                    the history not only of Byzantium, but also of neighboring
400  9,18|                  in the juridical works of Byzantium. After 1453 the Hexabiblos
401  9,18|                   juridical work of fallen Byzantium. The compilation of Harmenopulus
402  9,18|                 cultural exchanges between Byzantium and Italy in the epoch of
403  9,18|                  art which had appeared in Byzantium as early as the eleventh
404  9,18|                    dominate the history of Byzantium: classicism and mysticism.”[
405  9,18|                    followed the example of Byzantium.[436] After all that has
406  9,18|                  reflecting the history of Byzantium from 811 to the middle of
407  9,18|                    in the cultural rise of Byzantium in the epoch of the Comneni;
408  9,18|                Renaissance. Both Italy and Byzantium were living through a time
409  9,18|               other countries.~ Of course, Byzantium had no Dante. The Byzantine
410  9,19|                                            Byzantium and the Italian Renaissance.~
411  9,19|                   the Greeks who fled from Byzantium to Italy before the Turkish
412  9,19|           fruitless journey he returned to Byzantium, where he took part in the
413  9,19|             vilifies and blames Greece and Byzantium, which he greatly exalted
414  9,19|                  did not need to appeal to Byzantium for elementary technical
415  9,19|                      The real influence of Byzantium upon Italy begins at the
416  9,19|               Pavia. After a short stay in Byzantium Chrysoloras returned to
417  9,19|                veritable Greek; he is from Byzantium; he is noble; he is erudite;
418  9,19|               center of humanism, and left Byzantium for Italy.~ At Rome the
419  9,19|                 the title Bessarione.~ But Byzantium contributed greatly to the
420  9,19|              opened new horizons to Italy; Byzantium also gave the West a vast
421  9,19|                   Italians who had gone to Byzantium to learn Greek wisdom returned
422  9,19|               Greek literature: he went to Byzantium and brought from Constantinople,
423  9,19|             conquest, living conditions in Byzantium were growing harder and
424  9,19|               world owing to conditions in Byzantium, created in the West exceptionally
425  9,19|                    the hands of the Turks, Byzantium performed great service