Chapter, Paragraph

  1  2,1 |         Christianity~The cultural and religious crisis through which the
  2  2,1 |       fervently he devoted himself to religious affairs and declared himself
  3  2,1 |                 to penetrate into the religious conscience of Constantine
  4  2,1 |          presumably took place in his religious beliefs. All this is done
  5  2,1 |           moment to consider his real religious consciousness it would have
  6  2,1 |             allowance for any genuine religious feeling on the part of the
  7  2,1 |               a vital interest in the religious situation. Such a man was
  8  2,1 |              government rather than a religious conviction.[8]~ ~Duruy remarked
  9  2,1 |         significance of Constantine’s religious policy, he said, is the
 10  2,1 |             at the same time complete religious freedom, thus reducing paganism
 11  2,1 |            Christianity as a definite religious doctrine. The Christian
 12  2,1 |              the performance of their religious obligations (the right of
 13  2,1 |               with the declaration of religious freedom, the Christian communities
 14  2,2 |            the state took part in the religious disputes and directed them
 15  2,2 |        Desiring above alt to maintain religious peace in the Empire and
 16  2,2 |               not acquainted with the religious situation in the East, where
 17  2,2 |      Constantine. Not in the edict of religious toleration lies Constantine’
 18  2,2 |  Constantinople became the political, religious, economic, and cultural
 19  2,2 |         political differences, but by religious ones as well. While Constantine
 20  2,2 |     continuing the development of the religious policy of the last years
 21  2,2 |              make it the basis of the religious life of the Empire.~ Julian
 22  2,2 |             he was forced to hide his religious convictions until the death
 23  2,2 |               paganism meant not only religious freedom but religious victory
 24  2,2 |            only religious freedom but religious victory as well.~ At the
 25  2,2 |         dissenting leaders of various religious parties and their congregations
 26  2,2 |                Thus a proclamation of religious tolerance was one of the
 27  2,2 |     Constantius, no matter what their religious convictions, and returned
 28  2,2 |              property.~ Because these religious leaders recalled from exile
 29  2,2 |           exile belonged to different religious parties and were irreconcilable
 30  2,2 |         Although seemingly he granted religious freedom to all, Julian was
 31  2,2 |             the general ordinance for religious and secular teachers … Though
 32  2,2 |             completely unmoved by the religious sympathies of the visiting
 33  2,2 |                The center of Julian’s religious convictions was the cult
 34  2,2 |               the main source for his religious philosophy, he wrote that
 35  2,2 |         rather obscure account of his religious theories, his religious
 36  2,2 |               religious theories, his religious philosophy reduced itself
 37  2,3 |                He proclaimed complete religious toleration. He allowed the
 38  2,3 |             differed greatly in their religious outlook. Valentinian followed
 39  2,3 |          creeds, and during his reign religious freedom was more secure
 40  2,3 |      definitely forsook the policy of religious toleration and manifested
 41  2,3 |             asunder by the dissenting religious parties; and (2) the defense
 42  2,3 |               election of Theodosius, religious disputes burst forth once
 43  2,3 |             Creed; followers of other religious tendencies were heretics.
 44  2,3 |         sanctioned as such. The chief religious question discussed at the
 45  2,3 |               to Constantinople.~ The religious policy of Theodosius, therefore,
 46  2,3 |               toleration toward other religious groups; de jure parity of
 47  2,3 |             groups; de jure parity of religious beliefs still persisted.
 48  2,3 |          encompass the church and the religious life of their subjects.
 49  2,3 |           efforts he did not succeed. Religious disputes, far from ceasing,
 50  2,3 |           spread very rapidly, making religious life in the fifth century
 51  2,3 |             it was this difference in religious convictions which prevented
 52  2,3 |        further development caused new religious movements, which in the
 53  2,3 |         century involved not only the religious interests of the Empire,
 54  2,3 |              and Egypt, where the new religious developments caused extremely
 55  2,3 |             in the army. Thus, in the religious field as well as in administrative
 56  2,3 |          considerable extent. Thus on religious as on racial grounds, the
 57  2,3 |           which the main national and religious problems were met. The national
 58  2,3 |           prominent in the social and religious life of the province. The
 59  2,3 |               new developments in the religious life of these provinces.~
 60  2,3 |       represented the nationalist and religious ideology in opposition to
 61  2,3 |          interpreter.~ John’s earnest religious ideals, his unwillingness
 62  2,3 |             picture of the social and religious life of his period. Personally
 63  2,3 |            works, treating chiefly of religious topics, but reflecting also
 64  2,4 |            the stormy and significant religious events of the period of
 65  2,4 |            offices, military affairs, religious life. In each title the
 66  2,5 |              Then it worked out a new religious formula completely rejecting
 67  2,5 |               became the basis of the religious teachings of the orthodox
 68  2,5 |   Monophysites remained true to their religious doctrine even after the
 69  2,5 |       Egyptian (Coptic) language. The religious disturbances in Jerusalem,
 70  2,5 |         background of the conflicting religious disputes, which became more
 71  2,5 |             the Byzantine Empire. The religious disturbances in the eastern
 72  2,5 |             the reign of Zeno was the religious problem, which continued
 73  2,5 |               entirely sufficient the religious foundations developed at
 74  2,5 |              thus introduced into the religious life of the Byzantine Empire.
 75  2,5 |       Byzantine Empire. The number of religious parties increased. Part
 76  2,5 |          reign of Zeno because of the religious secession.~ ~Anastasius
 77  2,5 |            was still very strong.~The religious policy of Anastasius. The
 78  2,5 |        innovations, Anastasius in his religious policy favored Monophysitism;
 79  2,5 |      deposition of the Emperor.~ This religious policy of Anastasius led
 80  2,5 |              lies in the national and religious problems and in the political
 81  2,5 |            closely connected with the religious movements. The Germanic,
 82  2,5 |            the Balkan peninsula.~ The religious problem of this epoch fails
 83  2,5 |        religion explains the internal religious upheavals during the reign
 84  2,5 |             with the triumph of their religious doctrines.~ ~Literature,
 85  2,5 |             of heated philosophic and religious disputes, where discussions
 86  2,5 |            for reason in the study of religious dogma, and refusing to adopt
 87  2,5 |            the Christians against the religious attacks of the pagans, The
 88  2,5 |      development of the literature of religious hymns. The hymn writers
 89  2,5 |           very little is known of the religious hymns of the fourth and
 90  2,5 |          poetry, “[172] “the greatest religious genius,” “the Dante of the
 91  2,5 |        century seems to indicate that religious poetry in the fifth century
 92  2,5 |             obscure philosophical and religious speculations, such as his
 93  2,5 |              whole administration and religious policy.[180] This point
 94  3   |          external as well as in their religious policy the successors of
 95  3,1 |            Justin I departed from the religious policy of his two predecessors
 96  3,1 |        Henoticon, came to an end. The religious policy of the emperors of
 97  3,1 |             it was in accord with his religious dogmas or not. From the
 98  3,2 |        developing a great interest in religious questions, when Justinian
 99  3,2 |            further commotions. In her religious preferences she openly favored
100  3,3 |              of a prolonged period of religious tolerance under Theodoric
101  3,4 |           Persia promised to preserve religious toleration for Christians
102  3,6 |            for his subjects. Whatever religious tendency was followed by
103  3,6 |              of temporal authority in religious and ecclesiastical affairs,
104  3,6 |              deepest regions of inner religious convictions of individuals,
105  3,6 |               government, and to find religious support for the throne which
106  3,6 |         Justinian had received a good religious education. He knew the Scriptures
107  3,6 |              fond of participating in religious discussions, and wrote a
108  3,6 |               number of church hymns. Religious conflicts seemed dangerous
109  3,6 |             of other less significant religious doctrines. Arianism was
110  3,6 |       localities.~ The Jews and their religious kinsmen, the Samaritans
111  3,7 |                                       Religious problems and the Fifth Ecumenical
112  3,7 |             capital to a conciliatory religious conference, at which, according
113  3,7 |            such an uproar against the religious pliancy of Anthimus that
114  3,7 |           four councils.~ The intense religious struggle which Justinian
115  3,7 |            death came a change in the religious policy of the government.~
116  3,7 |       government.~ In summarizing the religious and ecclesiastical policy
117  3,7 |      continued to exist. There was no religious unity, and Justinian’s attempt
118  3,7 |               speaking of Justinian’s religious policy we must not disregard
119  3,8 |               finally, the dissenting religious groups increased the internal
120  3,8 |         various political, social, or religious tendencies. The voice of
121  3,8 |    represented not only political and religious tendencies, but also different
122  3,8 |      threefold: dynastic, public, and religious. The surviving nephews of
123  3,8 |             and cruelty. Finally, the religious opposition was that of the
124  3,8 |           abandoning for a time their religious discrepancies, made common
125  3,8 |       evidence, or the instigation of religious trials tending to deprive
126  3,13|                                       Religious problems.~ The successors
127  3,14|              a final authority in the religious affairs of the exarchate.
128  3,16|         illustrations (miniatures) of religious and monastic life.[153]~
129  3,16|             of monuments of civil and religious architecture in various
130  3,16|          reign of his successors. The religious policy of the Emperor was
131  3,16|            for it did not bring about religious unity and resulted only
132  4,1 |               explained partly by the religious conditions in these provinces.
133  4,1 |        Nestorians enjoyed comparative religious freedom.~ The Persian invasion
134  4,1 |            Syria, Monophysitic in its religious tendencies and dependent
135  4,1 |               of ancient Arabia.~ The religious conceptions of the ancient
136  4,1 |            the ancient Arabs in their religious experiences hardly rose
137  4,1 |           about their attitude to the religious traditions of their people.”[
138  4,1 |         places for the performance of religious worship, even of a very
139  4,1 | representatives to Mecca. The time of religious festivals coincided with
140  4,1 |       plutocratic character, and deep religious satisfaction could not be
141  4,1 |         individuals truly inspired by religious ideals distinctly different
142  4,1 |             the dry ritual of the old religious customs. An aspiration toward
143  4,1 |       meditate more and more upon the religious organization of Mecca. The
144  4,1 |            for a political state on a religious basis. Having developed
145  4,1 |          religion, introduced certain religious ceremonies, and strengthened
146  4,1 |            logical thinker; hence his religious teaching can hardly be presented
147  4,1 |            Muhammed declared that his religious teaching represented a pure
148  4,1 |        advocacy of good deeds. Modern religious rules and regulations developed
149  4,1 |       persisted under a political and religious organization differing very
150  4,1 |           ruler of all Arabia nor its religious leader.~ It is interesting
151  4,1 |            customary to point out the religious enthusiasm of the Muslims,
152  4,1 |         frequently rose to a state of religious fanaticism and absolute
153  4,1 |           ordinarily explained by the religious enthusiasm which prepared
154  4,1 |             and unrestrained license. Religious enthusiasm did not exist
155  4,1 |          would make the people as one religious community” (XI, 120). The
156  4,1 |             community” (XI, 120). The religious fanaticism and intolerance
157  4,1 |         century cannot be credited to religious enthusiasm and fanaticism.~
158  4,1 |              and Persia. There was no religious element in this movement.[
159  4,1 |              and Egypt. Their growing religious dissatisfaction has been
160  4,1 |             Arabs, who were known for religious tolerance and were interested
161  4,1 |              conquered provinces. The religious convictions of the conquered
162  4,1 |               addition to the general religious dissatisfaction and the
163  4,1 |              Arabian success includes religious conditions in Syria, Palestine,
164  4,1 |               Islam clearly moves the religious element into the background
165  4,1 |            forever a simple moral and religious teaching, its existence
166  4,1 |             which established certain religious and social guaranties for
167  4,1 |              and the right to perform religious services, demanding in return
168  4,1 |            higher culture by means of religious propaganda. In fifty years
169  4,2 |                                       Religious Policy of the dynasty~ ~
170  4,2 |           similar earlier attempts at religious compromise had never led
171  4,2 |             the reign of Constans II, religious policy developed as follows.
172  4,2 |            did not effect the desired religious peace. In the presence of
173  4,2 |    dissatisfaction with the Emperor’s religious policy was also growing
174  4,2 |             the churches ceased. This religious reconciliation with Rome
175  4,3 |          Sixth Ecumenical Council and religious peace.~Although Monotheletism
176  4,3 |              of establishing complete religious peace in the Empire, convoked
177  4,3 |             desire to find a path for religious reconciliation with the
178  4,3 |              of the Byzantine Empire. Religious peace with Rome was reached
179  4,3 |            the people with great joy. Religious peace seemed finally established
180  5,3 |             became transformed in the religious atmosphere of Christianity.”[
181  5,4 |                                       Religious controversies and the first
182  5,4 |             the iconoclastic emperors religious causes, while others have
183  5,4 |               believing that a closer religious kinship with these two denominations
184  5,4 |             is that parallel with the religious reform which condemned images,
185  5,4 |              a social, political, and religious revolution. Still, he was
186  5,4 |         emperors was prompted by both religious and political considerations,
187  5,4 |        religiously united people. The religious life of the Empire was to
188  5,4 |           view iconoclasm as a purely religious reform which aimed to arrest “
189  5,4 |            Lombard believed that this religious reform developed parallel
190  5,4 |            problem of the legality of religious art, i.e., the question
191  5,4 |            III was not based upon any religious considerations, but the
192  5,4 |              the minds of many deeply religious people by its resemblance
193  5,4 |         should be distinguished — the religious and the secular.~ The iconoclastic
194  5,4 |              well acquainted with the religious views prevalent in the eastern
195  5,4 |           legal right to make his own religious views compulsory for all
196  5,7 |             problems of his time. The religious policy of the iconoclasts
197  5,7 |         authorities, who offended the religious feeling of the people and
198  5,8 |       interest from the political and religious, as well as the social,
199  5,8 |         insurgent movement.~ From the religious point of view the insurrection
200  5,8 |           strained at the time of the religious waverings of Boris, still
201  5,8 |              of Nicephorus was one of religious tolerance combined with
202  5,8 |              It is very probable that religious questions interested the
203  5,8 |         complete agreement with Leo’s religious policy. In the year 815
204  5,8 |                had to carry out their religious policy under conditions
205  5,8 |           Opinions vary regarding the religious views of Leo’s successor,
206  5,8 |              an attempt to pacify all religious disputes even though this
207  5,8 |                Bury believed that the religious persecutions of Theophilus
208  5,8 |             of image-worship, and her religious tendencies were well known
209  5,8 |              a council to confirm her religious tendencies, while Irene
210  5,8 |             aims and ambitions. Their religious measures were prompted rather
211  5,8 |     purification of Christianity. The religious reforms of these emperors
212  5,8 |        services.~ As one of the great religious and social workers in the
213  5,8 |             of all kinds, secular and religious, pagan and Christian. The
214  5,8 |              categorically suppressed religious art with images of Christ,
215  5,8 |          monuments of the epoch, both religious and secular, have perished
216  5,8 |               its dominant ideas upon religious art, if in opposition to
217  6   |        Byzantium, entered into closer religious, political, commercial,
218  6,2 |             defeats.~ In spite of the religious animosity toward the Arabs
219  6,2 |         administrative as well as the religious policy of the central government.
220  6,7 |         attitude toward me problem of religious affairs in Bulgaria, where
221  6,7 |               significant part in the religious as well as in the intellectual
222  6,7 |              87]~ In the interests of religious peace in the Empire Nicholas
223  6,7 |           that once in a transport of religious zeal Nicephorus supposedly
224  6,8 |        indicated new paths outside of religious subjects. These paths led
225  6,8 |               which continued only in religious centers in remote provinces
226  6,8 |           They grew into harmony with religious emotion; they had a seriousness
227  6,8 |        acceptance of external forces. Religious fervor was absorbed in formal
228  7,1 |      represented an Eastern dualistic religious sect, one of the chief branches
229  7,1 |          culture. For a long time the religious problem pushed into the
230  7,1 |            narrower standpoint of the religious movements of the Middle
231  7,1 |              in this process not only religious idealistic motives were
232  7,1 |            the crusaders, that of the religious‑minded, and that of the
233  7,1 |              century, but they had no religious motive so that such unfortunate
234  7,1 |             to continual raids. As to religious persecution there is not
235  7,1 |               profoundly affected the religious‑minded masses of western
236  7,1 |          evoked a powerful emotion of religious enthusiasm. Moreover, many
237  7,1 |              The first is the general religious spirit of the Middle Ages
238  7,1 |                Sharing in the general religious emotion, the feudal nobility,
239  7,1 |             swept away by rudimentary religious feeling, saw in the crusade
240  7,1 |         infidels were due not only to religious enthusiasm or to the spirit
241  7,1 |             these years the economic, religious, and whole cultural aspect
242  7,1 |        nothing was heard of any great religious enthusiasm, and, as far
243  7,1 |              century, not only from a religious, but also from a political
244  7,1 |               himself did there exist religious enthusiasm, nor were there
245  7,1 |              the crusade, but not for religious motives or chivalrous inducements;
246  7,1 |          talented leader and a deeply religious man. Finally, Bohemond of
247  7,1 |             based upon motives purely religious, when Europe … appears the
248  7,1 |         originally been inspired by a religious aim and possessed a distinctively
249  7,1 |               Generally speaking, the religious basis of the crusading enterprises
250  7,2 |         offered by Europe and all her religious enthusiasm were of no avail.
251  7,2 |               lost for the papacy its religious character and presented
252  7,3 |         emotions are reflected; lofty religious emotion, hope of reward
253  7,3 |           feelings over spiritual and religious emotions, which had already
254  7,3 |              political, economic, and religious relations between the West
255  7,3 |    ecclesiastical property, and other religious affairs. During the sack
256  7,3 |          political unity, they had no religious unity either, for these
257  7,4 |           attempts to resolve certain religious problems and doubts which
258  7,4 |            recent investigator of the religious life of the epoch of the
259  7,4 |               as it was.~ In summary, religious life under the Comneni and
260  7,4 |             from the point of view of religious problems this epoch is of
261  7,4 |              of Thessalonica, chose a religious career and for more than
262  7,4 |        anxious to learn collected. As religious head of Thessalonica, the
263  7,4 |              an astrological poem, of religious poems and philosophical
264  7,4 |                In connection with the religious plans of the Comneni to
265  8,1 |        political, economic, national, religious, and cultural center should
266  8,2 |          Macedonia by insulting Greek religious beliefs and rites. The secret
267  8,9 |           afterward.”[62] Tolerant in religious matters, well educated,
268  8,10|             German badly. He regarded religious problems much more coolly
269  8,14|                for complete victory a religious union was necessary, the
270  8,16|                He participated in the religious discussions of his epoch,
271  8,16|              classical traditions and religious emotions influenced Blemmydes
272  8,16|          treatises on philosophic and religious subjects, and some panegyrics,
273  8,16|             in the negotiations for a religious understanding between Nicaea
274  8,17|          monasteries often not from a religious motive but for exemption
275  9,3 |               only political but also religious, existed between Hulagu
276  9,9 |             Upon the Emperor’s order, religious processions followed by
277  9,10|              the point of view of the religious movements in the internal
278  9,12|           giving their support to the religious policy of Michael Palaeologus.~
279  9,13|      Hesychast movement, mystical and religious, made its appearance in
280  9,13|               primarily in the purely religious domain. On the one hand
281  9,13|            movement, though primarily religious, became still more interesting
282  9,13|              by the patriarch for his religious ideas. At this time he met
283  9,14|         stubborn resistance to John’s religious policy. His conversion in
284  9,16|      Constantinople, the religion and religious institutions of the Greeks
285  9,16|              immediate successors the religious rights which had been granted
286  9,16|            church administration. All religious services could be freely
287  9,16|        solemnly celebrated.[290] This religious toleration in the Turkish
288  9,16|              Turkish violation of the religious rights of the Christians
289  9,18|         abstract investigation of the religious dogmatic problems which
290  9,18|            giving full details of the religious disputes in which he was
291  9,18|           Nicaea, made him change his religious ideas and sympathies. He
292  9,18|            took an active part in the religious disputes of his time, favoring
293  9,18|           material for the political, religious, and social conditions of
294  9,19|             where he took part in the religious movement of the Hesychasts,
295  9,19|               of the saints, but also religious poetry; they “were also
296  9,19|             Latin; he is grave, mild, religious, and prudent; he seems to