Chapter, Paragraph

  1  2,1 |             not been preserved, but a Latin manuscript of Licinius sent
  2  2,1 |              Greek translation of the Latin original is given by Eusebius
  3  2,2 |        between the Greek East and the Latin West, and that the administration
  4  2,2 |              titles were changed from Latin to Greek; many offices degenerated
  5  2,2 |       Hellenism, who refused to study Latin, regarding it with disdain.
  6  2,2 |               bears the name La Cité (Latin civitas), a city which was
  7  2,3 |            unacquainted with Greek or Latin and clung strongly to the
  8  2,4 |             conduct their teaching in Latin, and five rhetors or sophists (
  9  2,4 |              for jurisprudence. While Latin still remained the official
 10  2,4 |        rhetors exceeded the number of Latin rhetors by two. The new
 11  2,4 |      so-called Codex Theodosianus, in Latin. It was published in the
 12  2,4 |               one Greek and the other Latin, speak of the building activities
 13  2,5 |           paid in gold and silver (in Latin it was called lustralis
 14  2,5 |            official protection of the Latin language, somewhat detached
 15  2,5 |      translation and partly through a Latin adaptation of St. Jerome.
 16  2,5 |               in the West through the Latin translation of Rufinus.[
 17  2,5 |              fourth century, wrote in Latin. He is particularly important
 18  2,5 |             Roman emperors written in Latin in the fourth century and
 19  2,5 |           Attila and the Huns for the Latin historians of the sixth
 20  2,5 |        history of the Roman Empire in Latin. He intended it to be a
 21  2,5 |            capital to Constantinople, Latin still remained the official
 22  2,5 |        decline of the predominance of Latin and a definite preference
 23  3   |             their native language was Latin.~ The weak-minded and childless
 24  3,5 |          Institutions were written in Latin, a great majority of the
 25  3,5 |           fact that it was written in Latin, little understood by the
 26  3,5 |              regard to their original Latin text; even so they thrust
 27  3,16|             mixed Greek elements with Latin and eastern expressions.
 28  3,16|            into Syriac, Modern Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, French,
 29  3,16|           ability, wrote two works in Latin verse. The first of these,
 30  4   |            form of his name, Constas (Latin, Constans), is probably
 31  4,1 |               Greek equivalent of the Latin “emperor” (imperator) was
 32  4,1 |             decent greeting letter in Latin. But there is a numberless
 33  4,4 |     chroniclers and especially of the Latin message of Justinian II
 34  4,4 |            themes, but denoted by the Latin word exercitus (army).[89]
 35  4,4 |              sources of that time the Latin word exercitus and the Greek
 36  4,4 |             Opsikton” (Greek οψικιον, Latin, obsequium), in Asia Minor
 37  4,4 |           translated by Eriugena into Latin.[98] A younger contemporary
 38  5,1 |            translated Theophanes into Latin in the second half of the
 39  5,2 |            states be attained. In the Latin, as well as in the Greek,
 40  5,3 |             in the sixth century, the Latin text of his Code, Digest,
 41  5,3 |              frequently replacing the Latin originals. Very few people
 42  5,8 |         Nicholas I asking him to send Latin priests to Bulgaria. The
 43  5,8 |             comply with this request, Latin bishops and priests soon
 44  5,8 |             by Boris to the Greek and Latin clergy did not signify a
 45  5,8 |           subsequent chroniclers. The Latin translation of his chronicle,
 46  6,4 |          chronicles, but in Greek and Latin sources as well. His first
 47  6,7 |        affairs in Bulgaria, where the Latin clergy had triumphed at
 48  6,7 |              achieving the removal of Latin priests from Bulgaria, and
 49  6,7 |      Nicephorus Phocas prohibited the Latin ritual in Apulia and Calabria,
 50  6,7 |    prohibitions of Nicephorus Phocas, Latin church influence continued
 51  6,7 |       grievances whatever against the Latin church and could find no
 52  6,7 |               code, written mostly in Latin and very bulky, were usually
 53  6,7 |             commentaries based on the Latin original. Many of these,
 54  6,7 |               number of new laws. The Latin terms and expressions retained
 55  6,7 |               them rather than to the Latin originals. The Prochiron
 56  7,1 |             Handsome). Both Greek and Latin writers are unanimous in
 57  7,1 |               of Iconium, and several Latin princes from the East, with
 58  7,1 |              western Catholic church. Latin oppression and neglect of
 59  7,1 |              the support of the hated Latin element. Popular exasperation,
 60  7,1 |               raging mob attacked the Latin quarter and began to massacre
 61  7,1 |              private houses, but also Latin churches and charitable
 62  7,1 |             God and from the faithful Latin Christians reach us;” the
 63  7,1 |       scholars. It survives only in a Latin version. Opinions are divided:
 64  7,1 |              original letter; but the Latin message was drawn up by
 65  7,1 |              basis of the embellished Latin text which exists today.
 66  7,1 |             and the foundation of the Latin Empire by the crusaders
 67  7,1 |             inspire any family of the Latin aristocracy which can trace
 68  7,1 |      princedom which became the first Latin dominion in the East and
 69  7,1 |            and of several independent Latin possessions in the east,
 70  7,1 |             with the formation of the Latin possessions in the East,
 71  7,1 |           over Bohemond and the other Latin princes at Harran, south
 72  7,1 |             so that there would be no Latin patriarch of Antioch. The
 73  7,1 |              close relations with the Latin princes in the east, showing
 74  7,1 |             Byzantine Emperor and the Latin rulers of Antioch, Edessa,
 75  7,1 |               the fall of Edessa, the Latin possessions, Antioch in
 76  7,1 |             to his influence with the Latin princes of the east, particularly
 77  7,1 |               Chatillon and the other Latin princes on foot and unarmed,
 78  7,1 |   Constantinople in 1204 and form the Latin states in the East.”~ The
 79  7,1 |             as well as the continuing Latin preponderance led to the
 80  7,1 |            deliver Byzantium from the Latin preponderance; second, to
 81  7,1 |              overthrow the oppressive Latin tyranny which, like a weed,
 82  7,1 |        deliverance from the tyrannous Latin insolence and the clearing
 83  7,1 |              ample revenue, where the Latin Catholic priests officiated
 84  7,1 |             that church is called the Latin church.”~ Finally, a short
 85  7,1 |         because of the trade with the Latin states in the East.~ But
 86  7,1 |            the state from the foreign Latin preponderance, differs strikingly
 87  7,2 |          there were formed the feudal Latin Empire with Constantinople
 88  7,2 |           became a real menace to the Latin Empire which was founded
 89  7,2 |                It seemed that the new Latin state in Cyprus should play
 90  7,3 |             and the foundation of the Latin Empire.~At the end of the
 91  7,3 |             and the foundation of the Latin Empire, remarks, “The Franks
 92  7,3 |              in the captured city the Latin government was to be established;
 93  7,3 |           basis upon which the future Latin Empire was to be established.~
 94  7,3 |              soldiers, as well as the Latin monks and abbots, took part
 95  7,3 |        Emperors; the relations of the Latin Empire to Theodore Lascaris,
 96  7,3 |          policy of Doge Dandolo.~ The Latin Empire was founded on the
 97  7,3 |               take vassal oath to the Latin Emperor of Constantinople.~
 98  7,3 |           located. At the time of the Latin conquest, at the beginning
 99  7,3 |          passed into the hands of the Latin clergy.~ While the Duchy
100  7,3 |            after the formation of the Latin feudal states and possessions
101  7,3 |           Concerning the epoch of the Latin sway in me Peloponnesus,
102  7,3 |          precisely at the time of the Latin sway in Morea, is without
103  7,3 |              the establishment of the Latin Empire put the pope in a
104  7,3 |             age, nor sex…”~ Thus, the Latin Empire in the East, established
105  7,3 |               in the power of the new Latin possessions in the East.
106  7,3 |           Minor, situated between the Latin possessions in Asia Minor
107  7,3 |           most dangerous rival of the Latin Empire. Then, in the western
108  7,3 |               to the residence of the Latin patriarch in Constantinople,
109  7,3 |           addition, the Greeks of the Latin Empire, despite their political
110  7,4 |           Andronicus, an enemy of the Latin sympathies of his predecessor
111  7,4 |              because of the Emperor’s Latin sympathies; at the same
112  7,4 |              the support of the hated Latin elements, but after Andronicus
113  7,4 |             Constantinople. The first Latin version of the Almagest
114  7,4 |              to give up his seat to a Latin bishop, and he spent the
115  7,4 |             to the first years of the Latin Empire (1118-1206). Nicetas’
116  7,4 |            and in the founding of the Latin Empire in Tsargrad (Constantinople).
117  7,4 |            John Comnenus to the first Latin Emperor in Constantinople,
118  7,4 |          witnessed the revival of the Latin classics, of the Latin language,
119  7,4 |            the Latin classics, of the Latin language, of Latin prose
120  7,4 |             of the Latin language, of Latin prose and of Latin verse,
121  7,4 |       language, of Latin prose and of Latin verse, of jurisprudence
122  8,1 |             the following states: the Latin or Constantinopolitan Empire,
123  8,1 |         inland places. Along with the Latin feudal possessions on the
124  8,2 |         Nicaea was pushed back by the Latin Empire, which set as one
125  8,2 |             Theodore.~ Meanwhile, the Latin knights who had established
126  8,2 |              the sudden news that the Latin emperor, Baldwin, had been
127  8,2 |               enemy of Byzantium. The Latin state established in the
128  8,2 |               he could not regard the Latin emperor as his equal, but
129  8,2 |       population against the Catholic Latin predominance and therewith
130  8,2 |             was elected regent of the Latin Empire for the time of Baldwin’
131  8,2 |       situation. It was a blow to the Latin Empire that, at the very
132  8,2 |              that “the destiny of the Latin Empire of Constantinople,
133  8,2 |           possible liberator from the Latin conquerors and a spokesman
134  8,2 |    Skyloioannes);[15] in his letter a Latin emperor calls him a “great
135  8,2 |          cities of Thrace against the Latin Empire.”[17]~ The bloody
136  8,2 |             By the side of the shaken Latin Empire there grew up this
137  8,3 |          possessions of Nicaea to the Latin Empire. The Emperor of Nicaea
138  8,5 |                                   The Latin Empire.~ But if the Greeks
139  8,5 |               Theodore’s victory, the Latin emperor, Henry, who feared
140  8,5 |          remained in the hands of the Latin Empire. In other words,
141  8,5 |               annexations made by the Latin Empire within the country,
142  8,5 |               within the country, the Latin possessions in Asia Minor,
143  8,5 |            Gerland declared: “Of the [Latin] Empire Henry became the
144  8,6 |             the Empire of Nicaea, the Latin Empire, the Despotat of
145  8,7 |        Surrounded on all sides by the Latin and Slavonic states, on
146  8,7 |        Angelus was his capture of the Latin Emperor of Constantinople,
147  8,7 |                like that of the first Latin Emperor, Baldwin, is veiled
148  8,7 |             Hellenic center, upon the Latin newcomers to the Balkan
149  8,7 |              As long as the energetic Latin Emperor, Henry, was alive,
150  8,7 |               of Henry and of the new Latin Emperor, Peter de Courtenay,
151  8,7 |               against the neighboring Latin kingdom, won the victory
152  8,7 |             and the first fief of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. “
153  8,7 |              Roman emperors where the Latin newcomers were sitting illegally.
154  8,7 |          period after the fall of the Latin kingdom of Thessalonica,
155  8,7 |             as, after the fall of the Latin Empire in 1261, there were
156  8,7 |           there were to be “titulary” Latin emperors in western Europe.~
157  8,7 |   Thessalonica and of Nicaea, and the Latin Empire in Constantinople
158  8,8 |              agreement concerning the Latin Emperor, for each of them
159  8,8 |          fight separately against the Latin Empire, and finally clashed
160  8,8 |        aroused alarm on behalf of the Latin Empire, In a letter (May,
161  8,8 |                asking him to help the Latin Emperor.[61]~ Soon after
162  8,8 |     Hadrianople to free them from the Latin yoke, he transferred hostilities
163  8,9 |           plans.~ On the death of the Latin Emperor, Robert de Courtenay (
164  8,9 |               Theodore of Epirus. The Latin knights and clergy, however,
165  8,9 |    candidature of a deadly foe of the Latin Empire and insisted upon
166  8,9 |       patriarchs.~ The capital of the Latin Empire, surrounded on all
167  8,9 |               complete destruction of Latin domination, the expulsion
168  8,9 |         despair, Baldwin II, the last Latin Emperor, left Constantinople
169  8,9 |             in the dying and weakened Latin Empire. Accordingly the
170  8,9 |              out as a defender of the Latin Emperor. Simultaneously
171  8,10|               popes. Hence, as to the Latin Empire in the East, in which
172  8,10|      Frederick was hostile toward the Latin Empire, because he saw in
173  8,10|              of the papacy and of the Latin Empire.”[74]~ Even earlier
174  8,10|           church and that thereby the Latin patriarchate at Constantinople
175  8,10|              could then hope that the Latin Empire would quietly disappear.
176  8,10|        preserved both in Greek and in Latin, there is this passage: “
177  8,10|        arch-priest [that is, Pope; in Latin sacerdotum princeps; in
178  8,10|               your subject Romans (in Latin Graecos), shamelessly calling
179  8,12|         cities which were still under Latin rule. The Emperor of Nicaea
180  8,12|          foreign and tyrannic rulers, Latin, Persian, Bulgarian, Scythian
181  8,13|        hereditary land in Epirus. The Latin Empire could not rely on
182  8,13|              and the formation of the Latin Empire, Venice had gained
183  8,13|        exceptional trade power in the Latin dominions of the Levant,
184  8,13|              Euboea (Negroponte). The Latin patriarch and the chief
185  8,13|             in the brief drama of the Latin Empire of Constantinople.
186  8,13|               exile.”[112]~ Thus, the Latin Empire, in the severe judgment
187  8,13|              historian remarked: “The Latin ignominy belongs to the
188  8,13|              fifty-seven years of the Latin occupation constituted the
189  8,14|         relations with the Nicene and Latin empires.~ The taking of
190  8,14|           after the foundation of the Latin Empire the pope clearly
191  8,14|            the Christian East. In the Latin dominions established by
192  8,14|            political existence of the Latin Empire the position of the
193  8,14|          elected from the Franks, the Latin patriarch should be elected
194  8,14|               the letter of the first Latin Emperor to the pope, Baldwin
195  8,14|               who remained within the Latin dominions is also interesting.
196  8,14|               the Greek clergy of the Latin Empire applied to Innocent
197  8,14|               of the Latins stood the Latin patriarch, Thomas Morosini
198  8,14|          Mesarites. The Greeks of the Latin Empire began to turn to
199  8,14|            also for the Greeks of the Latin Empire.~ The negotiations
200  8,14|              view of influence on the Latin clergy in the East, Innocent
201  8,14|               head of all the eastern Latin patriarchs, that is to say,
202  8,14|             problems absorbed the new Latin Empire to such an extent
203  8,14|               such an extent that the Latin rulers entirely put aside
204  8,14|               of the Holy See and the Latin Emperor. But this papal
205  8,14|              from his interest in the Latin Empire.~ In 1232 five Franciscan
206  8,14|       withdrawal from the city of the Latin Emperor and the Latin clergy —
207  8,14|             the Latin Emperor and the Latin clergy — and Innocent IV
208  8,16|         certain number of independent Latin and Greek dominions, the
209  8,16|               who had fled before the Latin invasion to the island of
210  8,16|             in the first years of the Latin Empire, and held firmly
211  8,16|               established a number of Latin feudal dominions, belong
212  8,16|              became widespread at the Latin courts in Greek lands. The
213  8,16|             world: in France, through Latin literature, particularly
214  8,16|             Serbia, Bulgaria, and the Latin states.~ John Apocaucus,
215  8,17|               began to be called by a Latin word, commendatio, or sometimes
216  8,17|        corresponded in meaning to the Latin word beneficium, and the
217  8,17|           corresponds to the medieval Latin word ligius, i.e. a vassal
218  8,17|             term corresponding to the Latin patrocinium; this is prostasia,
219  8,17|          merely the Greek form of the Latin word excusatio (verb, excusare),
220  8,17|             legislative documents the Latin terms immunitas and excusatio
221  8,17|             study of feudalism in the Latin states established in the
222  8,17|             the relations between the Latin princes and their vassals]
223  8,17|            the feudal monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, John
224  8,17|               crusaders, and in other Latin possessions established
225  8,17|              idea of the laws of this Latin principality in the East,
226  8,17|         European feudalism and of the Latin and Greco-Byzantine Orient,
227  9,2 |             on the Black Sea, and the Latin knights, the Peloponnesus
228  9,2 |             from the carousals of the Latin emperors, and was therefore
229  9,2 |             of Romania (of the former Latin Empire), and the pope was
230  9,2 |             of his wives belonging to Latin families which had established
231  9,3 |              him highly; and the last Latin Emperor Baldwin II, who
232  9,3 |             point of view of possible Latin re-establishment at Constantinople.
233  9,3 | Constantinople and the restoration of Latin dominion there. Informed
234  9,3 |            for the restoration of the Latin Empire in the East. At least,
235  9,3 |              treaty with the expelled Latin Emperor, Baldwin II, in
236  9,3 |               dominions in the former Latin Empire, reserving to himself
237  9,3 |            relative, of restoring the Latin Empire. Such was the general
238  9,3 |         between Charles, the titulary Latin Emperor, and Venice “for
239  9,3 |          Byzantium: the troops of the Latin possessions on the former
240  9,3 |              Anjou, and hoped for the Latin occupation of Constantinople.
241  9,4 |     Constantinople had never seen the Latin Roger!”[80] Historians of
242  9,4 |         Eastern Orthodox church.~ The Latin Empire, in endeavoring to
243  9,4 |             But after the fall of the Latin Empire in 1261 circumstances
244  9,4 |            circumstances changed; the Latin Empire was replaced by the
245  9,4 |              Albanitai, Arbanitai; in Latin, Arbanenses or Albanenses;
246  9,4 |               or Albanenses; from the Latin or Roman form comes the
247  9,4 |            beginning with the ancient Latin language and ending with
248  9,4 |               99] In the epoch of the Latin Empire and of the first
249  9,4 |            small, but well fortified, Latin city with a Genoese podestá,
250  9,4 |          republican organization, and Latin churches and monasteries.
251  9,7 |      increasing at the expense of the Latin possessions, the Byzantine
252  9,7 |               i.e. the remains of the Latin conquerors), Slavs (Sthlavinians),
253  9,8 |               i.e., Reader).[188] The Latin garrison of Thessalonica
254  9,8 |       Peloponnesus which was still in Latin hands; for this purpose
255  9,8 |            Latins, quickly gained the Latin part of the Peloponnesus,
256  9,8 |               man very well versed in Latin and Greek.[195] Nicholas
257  9,9 |               turban than that of the Latin tiara.”[207]~ The Venetians
258  9,9 |           exist are written in Greek, Latin, Italian, Slavonic, and
259  9,9 |           valuable sources written in Latin were several by authors
260  9,9 |           preserved in Chios, but the Latin epitaph formerly in the
261  9,12|           uniates,” and of everything Latin. But the Arsenites were
262  9,12|              Europe, the Slavonic and Latin states occupied the major
263  9,13|            Byzantium.[273]~ Barlaam’s Latin proselyting is not yet satisfactorily
264  9,15|           written in three languages, Latin, Greek, and Slavonic, is
265  9,15|    Laurenziana; besides the Greek and Latin signatures to this document,
266  9,17|         undermined at the root by the Latin regime, became absolutely
267  9,17|             had been broken up by the Latin dominion and could not function
268  9,17|          effect not of the Turkish or Latin invasions, but of internal
269  9,18|               epoch of the Nicene and Latin Empires and the time of
270  9,18|        Fathers already recognized the Latin dogma, but that the later
271  9,18|            thoroughly acquainted with Latin language and literature.
272  9,18|             contemporaries of knowing Latin, and could make use of the
273  9,18|               Cydones translated from Latin into Greek, among other
274  9,18|           treatises, written from the Latin point of view, and therefore
275  9,18|               to his knowledge of the Latin language and literature.
276  9,18|         Planudes left translations of Latin authors such as Cato the
277  9,18|            numerous translations from Latin into Greek greatly contributed
278  9,18|             Nevertheless, despite the Latin influence, this poem is
279  9,18|               penetrated with certain Latin elements, it keeps, as a
280  9,18|               each other by the fatal Latin domination, is the cultural
281  9,19|           eloquence, and very poor in Latin; rich in ideas and quick
282  9,19|               made the first literary Latin translation of Homer. However,
283  9,19|                besides Greek he knows Latin; he is grave, mild, religious,
284  9,19|               the Latins and the best Latin of the Greeks” (latinorum
285  9,19|             the Greek genius with the Latin genius, from which the Renaissance
286  9,19|             He is a Greek who becomes Latin, ... a cardinal who protects
287  9,19|               together almost all the Latin classics now known. After