Chapter, Paragraph

  1  2,2 |               Justinian the Great and Leo III, dates back to Constantine’
  2  2,2 |             Following Marcian’s death Leo I (457-74), born in Thrace
  3  2,2 |              Ariadne, the daughter of Leo I, who was married to the
  4  2,2 |              Isaurian Zeno, had a son Leo, who, after the death of
  5  2,2 |         Mountains in Asia Minor. This Leo is known in history as Leo
  6  2,2 |            Leo is known in history as Leo II the Younger. His father,
  7  2,4 |            Constantinople and by Pope Leo I the Great. Dioscorus then
  8  2,4 |                  Marcian (450-57) and Leo I (457-74); Aspar.~ Thedosius
  9  2,4 |             Two emperors, Marcian and Leo I, were raised to the throne
 10  2,4 |            against the Vandals, which Leo I undertook with great expenditure
 11  2,4 |              Aspar then obtained from Leo the rank of Caesar for his
 12  2,4 |     Constantinople. For these murders Leo I received from his contemporaries
 13  2,4 |                Great” sometimes given Leo, since it was a significant
 14  2,5 |                 139] Both Marcian and Leo I, then, were emperors of
 15  2,5 |        Ostrogoth.~ After the death of Leo I (474) the throne passed
 16  2,5 |            his six-year-old grandson, Leo, who died in the same year,
 17  2,5 |             was completely removed by Leo I at the time of its later
 18  3,9 |        Arcadius, Theodosius, Marcian, Leo I, Zeno, Anastasius I, Justin
 19  4   |         accession of the famous ruler Leo III, who initiated a new
 20  4,4 |               the theme of Anatolici, Leo, a man with a very wide
 21  4,4 |             rank, and in the year 717 Leo entered Constantinople in
 22  4,4 |               life of Theodosius III. Leo thus rose from a military
 23  5,1 |            Until recently the Emperor Leo III (717-741), the originator
 24  5,1 |             opinion was advanced that Leo III was not an Isaurian
 25  5,1 |          author of the main source on Leo’s origin. He wrote; “Leo
 26  5,1 |              Leo’s origin. He wrote; “Leo the Isaurian was a native
 27  5,1 |               Isauria but stated that Leo came from the people of
 28  5,1 |        Stephen the Younger also calls Leo “a Syrian by birth” (ο συρογενης).[
 29  5,1 |            Arabian source referred to Leo as “a Christian citizen
 30  5,1 |               8] The Syrian origin of Leo is quite probable.~ The
 31  5,1 |           quite probable.~ The son of Leo III, Constantine V Copronymus (
 32  5,1 |        Chazars). He had by her a son, Leo IV, often called the Khazar (
 33  5,1 |              reigned from 775 to 780. Leo IV married a Greek girl
 34  5,2 |            and Slavs.~ At the time of Leo’s accession to the throne
 35  5,2 |               the two predecessors of Leo, and occupied Sardis and
 36  5,2 |               Only a few months after Leo’s entry into Constantinople
 37  5,2 |             of Constantinople ensued. Leo demonstrated his brilliant
 38  5,2 |            force of an agreement with Leo III, as well as in self-defense,
 39  5,2 |              the genius and energy of Leo III. The first mention of
 40  5,2 |             his successful resistance Leo saved, not only the Byzantine
 41  5,2 |              ancient Greece and calls Leo the Miltiades of medieval
 42  5,2 |           Arabs under Constantinople, Leo III definitely forced them
 43  5,2 |          Viewed from this standpoint, Leo’s victory assumes universal
 44  5,2 |             the Empire in the time of Leo III, especially since they
 45  5,2 |             the north by the Khazars. Leo III had arranged the marriage
 46  5,2 |               struggle with the Arabs Leo found two allies: first
 47  5,2 |               At the end of his reign Leo succeeded in defeating the
 48  5,2 |             was brilliantly solved by Leo III.~ In the middle of the
 49  5,2 |         possible for the successor of Leo III, Constantine V, to move
 50  5,2 |         rendered active assistance to Leo III in his drive to force
 51  5,2 |       Bulgarians. During the reign of Leo III the Bulgarian kingdom
 52  5,2 |             Places, a contemporary of Leo III, visited the Peloponnesian
 53  5,3 |             dynasty.~ ~Legislation. — Leo III was not only a gifted
 54  5,3 |             the need for such a code, Leo III entrusted the task of
 55  5,3 |              wise and pious emperors, Leo and Constantine.” There
 56  5,3 |       scholars refer it to the end of Leo’s reign (739-40),[21] although
 57  5,3 |               nearer the beginning of Leo’s reign (about the year
 58  5,3 |               referred to the time of Leo III and Constantine V at
 59  5,3 |        selection of laws, arranged by Leo and Constantine, the wise
 60  5,3 |              of the Byzantine Empire. Leo III saw clearly the existing
 61  5,3 |               note that the Ecloga of Leo and Constanttne later formed
 62  5,3 |           chapters of the wisest Tsar Leo and Constantine, the two
 63  5,3 |          modifications. The Ecloga of Leo III was intended above all
 64  5,3 |           especially with the name of Leo III, scholars discuss three
 65  5,3 |              activity of the Emperors Leo and Constantine, and that
 66  5,3 |              refer it to the epoch of Leo III. But it must be admitted
 67  5,3 |               Code the achievement of Leo III and his son, also went
 68  5,3 |            Code, which he referred to Leo III, and explained it by
 69  5,3 |              III, and explained it by Leo’s Bulgarian policy. Leo
 70  5,3 |               Leo’s Bulgarian policy. Leo saw that the Slavs under
 71  5,3 |              discipline introduced by Leo III. But unfortunately the
 72  5,3 |              sometimes to the time of Leo III in particular. Finlay
 73  5,3 |           themes … was reorganized by Leo and endured as long as the
 74  5,3 |          categorical in this regard. “Leo definitely removed the civil
 75  5,3 |           wrote: “Only in the time of Leo the Isaurian does an abrupt
 76  5,3 |              no information exists on Leo’s achievements in the field
 77  5,3 |               probably in the time of Leo III: (1) the Thracesian
 78  5,3 |       uncertain. The decisive role of Leo III in the theme organization
 79  5,3 | considerations. By his own experience Leo knew very well how dangerous
 80  5,3 |              his varied undertakings, Leo III raised the poll tax
 81  5,3 |             Near the end of his reign Leo III levied upon all the
 82  5,3 |      Constantinople bear the names of Leo and his son and coemperor,
 83  5,4 |        political. It was thought that Leo III determined to destroy
 84  5,4 |             enormous number of monks. Leo III was apparently unable
 85  5,4 |          latter; they maintained that Leo III, desirous of being the
 86  5,4 |              allegiance of the laity, Leo’s final ideal was to attain
 87  5,4 |            landownerslnp. He wrote:~ ~Leo’s administrative measures
 88  5,4 |        fundamental aims the policy of Leo III was not based upon any
 89  5,4 |               were of eastern origin: Leo III and his dynasty were
 90  5,4 |             in the ninth century were Leo V, an Armenian, and Michael
 91  5,4 |              state three years before Leo’s edict by which he prescribed
 92  5,4 |          chronicler refers to Emperor Leo as “the Saracen-minded” (
 93  5,4 |               grown up by the time of Leo III a strong iconoclastic
 94  5,4 |            emperor and priest,” wrote Leo III to Pope Gregory II.[
 95  5,4 |              as a point of departure, Leo III considered it his legal
 96  5,4 |               as in temporal matters. Leo III, too, was a convinced
 97  5,4 |               The first nine years of Leo’s reign, devoted to repelling
 98  5,4 |             proclamation of the edict Leo ordered the destruction
 99  5,4 |              martyrs of icon worship.~Leo’s hostility toward image
100  5,4 |             was quickly suppressed by Leo’s army, this strong reaction
101  5,4 |       authority was of great value to Leo.~ Concerning the period
102  5,4 |              the last eleven years of Leo’s reign, sources are silent
103  5,4 |             of images in the reign of Leo III is out of the question.
104  5,4 |              scholar, “In the time of Leo III there was rather a preparation
105  5,4 |    transferred from the church walls.~Leo’s hostile policy against
106  5,4 |            likelihood, in the time of Leo. The date of the third one
107  5,4 |               Gregory II, who opposed Leo’s policy of image-breaking,
108  5,4 |             741-75), the successor of Leo III. Educated by his father,
109  5,5 |              scholars, in the time of Leo and Constantine Italy alone
110  5,5 |          famous.~ During the reign of Leo IV the Khazar (775-80) the
111  5,5 |               Constantine V. Although Leo, too, was an adherent of
112  5,5 |              Empress Irene.”[99] With Leo’s death in 780 ended the
113  5,5 |               that the main energy of Leo III and Constantine V was
114  5,6 |             Church of St. Peter, Pope Leo III placed the imperial
115  5,6 |              by Charles the Great and Leo III.~ Neither of these rulers
116  5,6 |              view of Charles and Pope Leo, then, the imperial throne
117  5,6 |            Romulus Augustulus, but of Leo IV, Heraclius, Justinian,
118  5,6 |                Michael I and Charles, Leo V and Lewis the Pious, stood
119  5,7 |              upon the achievements of Leo III, and justly so, for
120  5,7 |               the historical writings Leo III is praised very highly.
121  5,7 |           English scholar referred to Leo’s achievements as “the regeneration
122  5,7 |                I. Uspensky remarked; “Leo the Isaurian is responsible
123  5,7 |          emperors, and admitting that Leo III unquestionably saved
124  5,8 |             by the military commander Leo, an Armenian by birth, known
125  5,8 |            birth, known in history as Leo V the Armenian (813-20).
126  5,8 |              813-20). In the year 820 Leo V was killed and the throne
127  5,8 |                soon after the rise of Leo V the Armenian to the Byzantine
128  5,8 |        Bulgaria,”[152] in the time of Leo V concluded with the Byzantine
129  5,8 |        concluded with the Bulgarians, Leo V reconstructed some of
130  5,8 |            ranks of the army. In 813, Leo, a military chief of Armenian
131  5,8 |              time of his predecessors Leo enjoyed great authority
132  5,8 |              iconoclastic measures of Leo V were vehemently opposed
133  5,8 |               complete agreement with Leo’s religious policy. In the
134  5,8 |          movement, particularly under Leo V and Theophilus, was neither
135  5,8 |              tolerant than that under Leo III and Constantine V, but “
136  5,8 |        emperors of the second period, Leo V the Armenian, Michael
137  5,8 |            very severe in the time of Leo V. These sources name martyrs
138  5,8 |            most vehement opponents of Leo V acknowledge that he was
139  5,8 |      Patriarch Nicephorus, deposed by Leo, “said after Leo’s death
140  5,8 |           deposed by Leo, “said after Leo’s death that the state of
141  5,8 |           other contemporaries called Leo “the creeping snake,” and
142  5,8 |      regarding the religious views of Leo’s successor, Michael II.
143  5,8 |                 determined to support Leo’s iconoclastic reforms because
144  5,8 |              In comparing the time of Leo V with the reign of Michael
145  5,8 |            high imperial rank, as did Leo III, Leo V, and Michael
146  5,8 |        imperial rank, as did Leo III, Leo V, and Michael II. The iconoclastic
147  5,8 |         movement. He was submitted by Leo V the Armenian to an inquest,
148  5,8 |             iconoclasm in the time of Leo V the Armenian, he was deposed
149  5,8 |           anonymous writer on Emperor Leo V the Armenian,[179] Hamartolus
150  5,8 |            other literary works.[182] Leo V ordered the compilation
151  5,8 |         Another distinguished man was Leo, a remarkable mathematician
152  5,8 |               this invitation he gave Leo a salary and appointed him
153  5,8 |        Theophilus begging him to send Leo to Bagdad for a short stay,
154  5,8 |      barbarians.”[194] In later years Leo was elected archbishop of
155  5,8 |               his iconoclastic views, Leo continued to teach at Constantinople
156  5,8 |               guidance of Photius and Leo, and previous to his Khazar
157  5,8 |        Theophilus and Mamun regarding Leo the Mathematician, it is
158  6,1 |         throne passed on to his sons, Leo VI the Philosopher or the
159  6,1 |              and Alexander (886-913). Leo’s son, Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (
160  6,2 |           broken under his successor, Leo VI the Wise (886-912). A
161  6,2 |               time. Toward the end of Leo’s reign the Russians stood
162  6,2 |            ineffective in the time of Leo VI. In the military clashes
163  6,2 |         Empire. The eastern policy of Leo VI during the second half
164  6,2 |     leadership of the Greek renegade, Leo of Tripolis, in 904 is the
165  6,2 |               great sea expedition of Leo VI against the allied eastern
166  6,2 |           unsuccessful in the time of Leo VI: in the west Sicily was
167  6,2 |               917 the renegade pirate Leo of Tripoli, who in 904 had
168  6,2 |               historian, of the time, Leo the Deacon, wrote that had
169  6,2 |           against the insurrection of Leo Tornikios, and then against
170  6,3 |                After the accession of Leo VI (886), peace with Bulgaria
171  6,3 |              of the Byzantine Empire. Leo VI, aware of the fact that
172  6,3 |            great city to his kingdom. Leo VI succeeded in preventing
173  6,3 |               treaty until the end of Leo’s rule no collisions occurred
174  6,3 |          elapsed between the death of Leo VI and the death of Simeon
175  6,3 |             in Thrace). The historian Leo the Deacon visited the site
176  6,4 |       chronicler, during the reign of Leo VI the Wise in the year
177  6,4 |                 The famous history of Leo the Deacon, an invaluable
178  6,4 |            threat to Sviatoslav which Leo the Deacon put into the
179  6,6 |             Rome.[73]~ In the time of Leo VI, Byzantine possessions
180  6,6 |               Byzantine arms in Italy Leo VI definitely separated
181  6,7 |               in 886, when his pupil, Leo VI, succeeded Basil I. Five
182  6,7 |              deposition of Photius by Leo VI can be explained by Leo’
183  6,7 |            Leo VI can be explained by Leo’s fear of the growing political
184  6,7 |              his party, as well as by Leo’s desire to raise his brother
185  6,7 |         ecclesiastical matters. Under Leo’s successors there was a
186  6,7 |           disagreements arose between Leo and Nicholas Mysticus on
187  6,7 |               absence of a patriarch, Leo himself placed the imperial
188  6,7 |       themselves in favor of allowing Leo to marry for the fourth
189  6,7 |             of the council concerning Leo’s marriage, and recognized
190  6,7 |        shortly before his death (912) Leo VI recalled Nicholas from
191  6,7 |             of the pope’s approval of Leo’s fourth marriage. During
192  6,7 |             to the fourth marriage of Leo the Wise. Both parties remained
193  6,7 |              the conflicts aroused by Leo’s fourth marriage. Direct
194  6,7 |              The Byzantine historian, Leo the Deacon, wrote that Nicephorus
195  6,7 |               the time of Basil I and Leo VI the Wise, i.e., the Basilics
196  6,7 |          papal throne was occupied by Leo IX, whose interests were
197  6,7 |        displeased the Eastern church. Leo IX was convinced that he
198  6,7 |               refers to the Ecloga of Leo and Constantine as a “subversion
199  6,7 |           published by his successor, Leo VI. Some scholars believe
200  6,7 |            for his son and successor, Leo VI the Wise, to publish
201  6,7 |            Laws.”~ The compilation of Leo VI, subdivided into sixty
202  6,7 |         several Novels of Basil I and Leo VI, were also used as sources
203  6,7 |              Eparch. — To the time of Leo VI may perhaps be referred
204  6,7 |          compiled during the reign of Leo VI or later in the tenth
205  6,7 |      legislative works of Basil I and Leo VI in the ninth and tenth
206  6,7 |               At least in the time of Leo VI the Wise the strategi
207  6,8 |               were gathered.~ Emperor Leo VI the Wise, a pupil of
208  6,8 |        education in particular.”[162] Leo favored and protected all
209  6,8 |              history from the time of Leo V to that of Leo VI (813-
210  6,8 |              time of Leo V to that of Leo VI (813-86), and Theodore
211  6,8 |        history of the tenth century.~ Leo the Deacon, a contemporary
212  6,8 |           John Tzimisces. The work of Leo the Deacon is also invaluable
213  6,8 |              represented by four men: Leo the Grammarian, Theodosius
214  7,1 |           Emperors Constantine IV and Leo III Isaurian. In 732 the
215  8,15|            Cicladum insularum Ksserus Leo Gavalla,” “lord of Rhodes
216  8,15|              and the Cyclades, Caesar Leo Gavalla.”[151] Vatatzes
217  8,17|               by Basil’s son, Emperor Leo VI the Philosopher (886-
218  9,4 |            guided by a sovereign like Leo III or like Basil II, might
219  9,11|             was caught and refuted by Leo Allatius in the seventeenth
220  9,12|      distribution usually ascribed to Leo the Wise in about 900. But
221  9,15|               nineteenth century Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical concerning
222  9,16|             restoration of Orthodoxy. Leo Allatius, a very well-known
223 App  |               Marcian, 450-457. ~~~~~~Leo I the Great, 457-474. ~~~~~~
224 App  |             the Great, 457-474. ~~~~~~Leo II, 474. ~~~~~~Zeno, 474-
225 App  |        Theodosius III, 715-717. ~~~~~~Leo III, 717-741.~~~~~~Constantine
226 App  |            Copronymus, 741-775. ~~~~~~Leo IV the Khazar (Chazar),
227 App  |              I Rangabé, 811-813.~~~~~~Leo V the Armenian, 813-820.~~~~~~
228 App  |                Basil I, 867-886.~~~~~~Leo VI the Philosopher (the