Chapter, Paragraph

  1  2,3 |      Bulgarians, a people of Hunnic (Turkish) origin,[112] and the Slavs
  2  2,5 |             were a people of Hunnic (Turkish) origin. They are first
  3  2,5 |           the city walls. The modern Turkish fortifications of the Chatalja
  4  3,9 |           Justin II, could show to a Turkish ambassador visiting his
  5  3,11|          viewed as their main enemy. Turkish ambassadors crossed the
  6  3,11|         alliance against Persia. The Turkish embassy made a very interesting
  7  3,11|       Besides, Justin considered the Turkish military forces rather inadequate.~
  8  3,12|            by the Avars, a people of Turkish origin living at that time
  9  3,15|         banner of revolt against the Turkish yoke, when these champions
 10  3,16|             Sophia is lost among the Turkish houses which surround it.
 11  3,16|         mosaics, painted over in the Turkish period, formerly enchanted
 12  3,16|           can distinguish, under the Turkish painting in the lower part
 13  3,16|              Muhammedan, Arabic, and Turkish literature. The Slavonic
 14  3,16|              painted over during the Turkish period. A new era in the
 15  3,16|     enlightened policy of the modern Turkish republic under the leadership
 16  3,16|              In 1931 an order of the Turkish government was issued enabling
 17  4,1 |      Bulgarians, a people of Hunnic (Turkish) origin, closely related
 18  4,1 |          lost their original Hunnic (Turkish) nationality and became
 19  5,2 |          connected the legend of the Turkish national hero, Saiyid Battal
 20  6,4 |             of the appearance of the Turkish tribe of the Polovtzi removed
 21  6,5 |            Cumans were all tribes of Turkish origin, and therefore akin
 22  6,5 |             closely related to other Turkish tongues that the difference
 23  6,7 |          especially when the eastern Turkish menace arose. Bréhier’s
 24  6,8 |             became a prisoner of the Turkish sultan. Great tumult arose
 25  6,8 |          were the descendants of the Turkish prince Seljuq, who was in
 26  6,8 |              able to lead the savage Turkish hordes into attacks on Khorasan (
 27  6,8 |        because of the arrival of new Turkish tribes, they conquered all
 28  6,8 |          Turks were very successful. Turkish troops were also advancing
 29  6,8 |            the rapid movement of the Turkish cavalry and their quick
 30  6,8 |          Byzantium was to return all Turkish captives.[147] Romanus upon
 31  6,8 |         provinces of Asia Minor. The Turkish troops which aided Nicephorus
 32  6,8 |             rival of the Empire. The Turkish troops continued to move
 33  6,8 |       Comneni dynasty. This northern Turkish menace, which at times threatened
 34  6,8 |       Byzantine epic and Arabian and Turkish epics, and even with the
 35  7,1 |             sold into slavery in the Turkish markets. By that massacre
 36  7,1 |             of his reign, viewed the Turkish danger from the east and
 37  7,1 |          Turks and Patzinaks. —  The Turkish danger from the east and
 38  7,1 |            Empire, because among the Turkish rulers (emirs) a struggle
 39  7,1 |              power was weakening the Turkish strength and bringing the
 40  7,1 |           still more critical when a Turkish pirate, Tzachas, began to
 41  7,1 |              the soul of the general Turkish movement and would and could
 42  7,1 |             the Eastern Empire a new Turkish state of the Seljuqs and
 43  7,1 |      continued, “was drowning in the Turkish invasion.” Another Russian
 44  7,1 |             at Jerusalem: in 1070, a Turkish general, Atzig, marched
 45  7,1 |             the violent death of the Turkish pirate Tzachas ended the
 46  7,1 |   established in Palestine after the Turkish conquest, troops of pilgrims
 47  7,1 |          eleventh century before the Turkish conquest is the discovery
 48  7,1 |             In connection with those Turkish successes Alexius might
 49  7,1 |         pressure of the overwhelming Turkish successes in Asia Minor
 50  7,1 |             relief from the pressing Turkish danger from the east and
 51  7,1 |           the Christians against the Turkish attacks from Asia. But the
 52  7,1 |              his neighbors, the weak Turkish emirs, and of Byzantine
 53  7,1 |         Thereupon, thinking that the Turkish power had been greatly broken
 54  7,2 |             an annual tribute to the Turkish sultan.~ For Isaac Angelus
 55  7,4 |          connection with the growing Turkish danger in Asia Minor and
 56  7,4 |             light on the increase of Turkish danger to Byzantium.~ The
 57  8,2 |            the miserable present-day Turkish city of Isnik (the distorted
 58  8,4 |      exceedingly disagreeable to the Turkish Sultanate of Iconium or
 59  8,14|               arrived in Nicaea from Turkish captivity and opened negotiations
 60  8,15|            the means of subsistence. Turkish gold, silver, Oriental stuffs,
 61  9,2 |         other side rose the powerful Turkish state: this was the Empire
 62  9,2 |              aim of annihilating the Turkish garrison and freeing the
 63  9,2 |            freeing the city from the Turkish yoke. The sultan learned
 64  9,2 |             take part in a predatory Turkish expedition through various
 65  9,3 |           Turks.”[62] Of course, the Turkish danger to Byzantium had
 66  9,3 |          originally the bodyguard of Turkish slaves first formed there
 67  9,3 |           bodyguard consisted of the Turkish tribe of Cumans (Polovtzi)
 68  9,3 |              Empire. Still, separate Turkish bodies of troops, sometimes
 69  9,4 |            of Khorasan (Khurasan), a Turkish horde of the tribe of Ghuzz,
 70  9,4 |           Empire of the Seljuqs, the Turkish horde of Ghuzz also became
 71  9,4 |          freed Philadelphia from the Turkish siege. The victory of the
 72  9,4 |            some men thought that the Turkish danger to the Empire was
 73  9,4 |           modern Greek Arvanitis, in Turkish Arnaut. The Albanians also
 74  9,4 |          which freed Greece from the Turkish yoke, was in reality the
 75  9,6 |         threatened by the vessels of Turkish pirates, both Ottomans and
 76  9,6 |         unbearable; trade died away. Turkish attacks on the Athonian
 77  9,6 |     Thessalonica. The capital of the Turkish state was transferred to
 78  9,6 |              gradually surrounded by Turkish possessions. The Emperor
 79  9,6 |             force a passage into the Turkish camp, presented himself
 80  9,6 |          came under the power of the Turkish Empire.~ The old and ill
 81  9,7 |      unsatisfactory condition of the Turkish fleet; for that reason the
 82  9,7 |            Manuel at the head of the Turkish fleet. Therefore Venice
 83  9,7 |              the Archipelago — not a Turkish expedition, but a disguised
 84  9,7 |             expedition, supported by Turkish troops. As a recent historian
 85  9,7 |              against the threatening Turkish danger with only his own
 86  9,7 |            to him, and, according to Turkish sources, even seized Athens
 87  9,7 |           point of succumbing to the Turkish yoke, in the Peloponnesus
 88  9,7 |            preparation for this same Turkish danger in the fifteenth
 89  9,7 |             on supporting one of the Turkish pretenders to the sultan’
 90  9,7 |       Constantinople. Meanwhile, the Turkish troops were not satisfied
 91  9,7 |             the Emperor had with the Turkish sultans and which several
 92  9,8 |          John VIII (1425-48) and the Turkish menace.~ Under John VIII
 93  9,8 |              in his Chronicle on the Turkish Empire.[189] Some Greek
 94  9,8 |          Emperor at the command of a Turkish sultan. The Burgundian pilgrim
 95  9,8 |           adequate resistance to the Turkish invasions. On the other,
 96  9,8 |              then to the time of the Turkish conquest, the whole peninsula
 97  9,9 |         spoke five languages besides Turkish.[198] Oriental sources praise
 98  9,9 |            the city the power of the Turkish turban than that of the
 99  9,9 |           imminent. The very fact of Turkish siege and capture of the “
100  9,9 |               Italian, Slavonic, and Turkish.~ The chief Greek sources
101  9,9 |       history not Byzantium, but the Turkish Empire, took a new and vast
102  9,9 |        Isidore, who narrowly escaped Turkish captivity. He begged all
103  9,9 |            Leonard, who also escaped Turkish captivity, interpreted the
104  9,9 |               who spent some time in Turkish captivity. He was an imitator
105  9,9 |      chronicles.~ Finally, there are Turkish sources estimating the great
106  9,9 |             the Conqueror. Sometimes Turkish sources offer a collection
107  9,9 |        sources offer a collection of Turkish popular legends about Constantinople
108  9,9 |             artillery. The perfected Turkish bronze cannons, of gigantic
109  9,9 |         Constantinople, defeated the Turkish fleet in spite of its far
110  9,9 |            terrifying spectacle: the Turkish vessels were in the upper
111  9,9 |        besieged garrison to burn the Turkish vessels in the Golden Horn
112  9,9 |            to the Latins, styled the Turkish conquest of the city the
113  9,10|      connected with the ever-growing Turkish danger, for in the opinion
114  9,11|              pressure of the eastern Turkish danger, but under the menace
115  9,11|             pressure of the external Turkish danger but also in the hope,
116  9,13|             such as the ever present Turkish danger, for instance, compelled
117  9,15|             the Turks at Angora. The Turkish successes were already a
118  9,16|             were preserved under the Turkish sway. In spite of the occasional
119  9,16|           occasional violence of the Turkish government and the Muhammedan
120  9,16|          religious toleration in the Turkish Empire has been preserved
121  9,16|             course of time, cases of Turkish violation of the religious
122  9,17|           and humiliation before the Turkish sultans in various forms),
123  9,17|         tribute, forced stays at the Turkish court, and the giving of
124  9,17|              a See.”[302]~ After the Turkish and Serbian conquests in
125  9,17| Anglo-Varangians, and Vardariots, of Turkish stock.[308] Unable to pay
126  9,17|       Venetians, or even against the Turkish fleet, which had just made
127  9,17|              from the capital by the Turkish and Serbian dominions became
128  9,17|            was the effect not of the Turkish or Latin invasions, but
129  9,17|            their homes.[315] But the Turkish conquest put an end to the
130  9,18|        during his forced stay at the Turkish court or on his journey
131  9,18|              ends in the time of the Turkish sway at Constantinople.
132  9,18|              it contains a number of Turkish and a few Italian words.
133  9,18|             spent the time up to the Turkish conquest in the Peloponnesus,
134  9,18|            Constantinople before the Turkish danger, speak of the emigration
135  9,18|             Constantinople under the Turkish power, Gennadius Scholarius (
136  9,18|    Thereafter, under the pressure of Turkish danger, it began to decline
137  9,18|           apparently less exposed to Turkish conquest than Constantinople
138  9,18|           this rise was ended by the Turkish conquest; in the west, in
139  9,19|        Byzantium to Italy before the Turkish danger, especially at the
140  9,19|               in connection with the Turkish conquest, living conditions