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1001  9,6 |               they were, of course, under Byzantine authority. But at the beginning
1002  9,6 |           advantage of the absence of the Byzantine fleet, the Genoese sent
1003  9,6 |                   the strength of the new Byzantine fleet were on the point
1004  9,6 |                   especially Venetian and Byzantine, sailing into the Black
1005  9,6 |               coast of the Mediterranean. Byzantine historians have left a detailed
1006  9,6 |                 still in the hands of the Byzantine emperors, possessed, owing
1007  9,7 |                 in the capital that, as a Byzantine chronicler said, the people
1008  9,7 |                    148] At the request of Byzantine envoys, Venice sent some
1009  9,7 |              Islam. Bayazid, reported the Byzantine historian Phrantzes, said
1010  9,7 |                  western Europe about the Byzantine Empire in the period of
1011  9,7 |                  for the last days of the Byzantine Empire. Towards the end
1012  9,7 |               ruined, fields destroyed, A Byzantine historian wrote: “When Timur’
1013  9,7 |                  the agency of the famous Byzantine humanist Manuel Chrysoloras,
1014  9,7 |           existence of the remains of the Byzantine Empire, the Peloponnesus,
1015  9,7 |              reign of the restorer of the Byzantine Empire, Michael VIII Palaeologus,
1016  9,7 |                the Latin possessions, the Byzantine province which had been
1017  9,7 |              Renaissance.[169] The famous Byzantine scholar, humanist, and philosopher,
1018  9,7 |                 in character. One was the Byzantine scholar and humanist, Gemistus
1019  9,7 |              influence of Plato, whom the Byzantine humanist greatly admired.
1020  9,7 |                  cultural document of the Byzantine renaissance of the epoch
1021  9,7 |                   remarkable phenomena of Byzantine history.”[181]~ ~The siege
1022  9,7 |               besieged Constantinople. In Byzantine literature there is a special
1023  9,7 |                not by the strength of the Byzantine emperor, but by the Mongol
1024  9,8 |            charmed with the beauty of the Byzantine Empress, who came from Trebizond,
1025  9,8 |                   government. Besides the Byzantine possessions, there were
1026  9,9 |          recognized the power of the last Byzantine emperor was confined to
1027  9,9 |               statesman, and organizer. A Byzantine historian relates that he
1028  9,9 |                seen until recently in the Byzantine church of St. Irene, where
1029  9,9 |                   the last moments of the Byzantine Empire and allow one to
1030  9,9 |           Byzantium, the only Athenian in Byzantine literature, Laonikos Chalco-condyles (
1031  9,9 |                  siege and capture of the Byzantine capital, Schlumberger, “
1032  9,9 |                   church. On the basis of Byzantine sources an English historian,
1033  9,9 |                   once gorgeous and brave Byzantine aristocracy; priests and
1034  9,9 |               about the death of the last Byzantine Emperor; for this reason
1035  9,9 |         purporting to be that of the last Byzantine Emperor, over which a simple
1036  9,9 |                   of Epirus, The orthodox Byzantine Empire ceased to exist,
1037  9,10|                 for in the opinion of the Byzantine Emperor this danger could
1038  9,11|                  not the expansion of the Byzantine Empire in the West, but
1039  9,12|                   opposing parties in the Byzantine church which were struggling
1040  9,12|                those parties is called in Byzantine sources the “zealots” (ζηλωται),
1041  9,12|               follows:~ ~There was in the Byzantine Empire a force, dark and
1042  9,12|         unpublished oration of the famous Byzantine mystic Nicholas Cabasilas
1043  9,12|           undoubted continuation from the Byzantine epoch.”[267]~ ~
1044  9,13|                   to him by an uneducated Byzantine monk. A report presented
1045  9,13|                  to Latinize the Orthodox Byzantine East, by rationalistic and
1046  9,13|                 of hesychia, especially a Byzantine mystic, unfortunately very
1047  9,13|                discussion with an eminent Byzantine scholar, Nicephorus Gregoras,
1048  9,14|                Eternal City he was met by Byzantine envoys who notified him
1049  9,14|                   had no support from the Byzantine Church is clear from the
1050  9,14|              single representative of the Byzantine clergy. In October 1369,
1051  9,15|                  the fifteenth century, a Byzantine polemist, Joseph Bryennius,
1052  9,15|           consider the Greek problem. The Byzantine Greeks, representatives
1053  9,15|                decree of union.~ The last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI,
1054  9,17|                   complicated problems of Byzantine history. The sources on
1055  9,17|                 internal situation of the Byzantine Empire. Especially important
1056  9,17|            several volumes of the Russian Byzantine review, Vizantiysky Vremennik,
1057  9,17|                preserved and saved intact Byzantine civilization and the spiritual
1058  9,17|                 degraded the power of the Byzantine basileus in the eyes of
1059  9,17|           Thessaly, which belonged to the Byzantine Emperor, the wealthy landlords
1060  9,17|                conquest put an end to the Byzantine work in Morea.~ Under the
1061  9,17|                 of administration.[330] A Byzantine historian, Pachymeres, admired
1062  9,17|          influence may also be noticed on Byzantine coins. In the fourteenth
1063  9,17|                   last golden coin of the Byzantine Empire was minted under
1064  9,17|          reproduced. No coins of the last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI,
1065  9,17|               described ceremonies of the Byzantine court. In the tenth century,
1066  9,17|               reigned at the court of the Byzantine Emperors of the last dynasty.
1067  9,18|                  Cantacuzene was the only Byzantine Emperor, to write detailed
1068  9,18|                  Pachymeres was the first Byzantine historian whose main interest
1069  9,18|                   in almost all fields of Byzantine scholarship — theology,
1070  9,18|               important in the history of Byzantine civilization and even of
1071  9,18|           brilliant representative of the Byzantine renaissance.~ The important
1072  9,18|               history — he yet, like most Byzantine historians, had a good knowledge
1073  9,18|                last great polemist of the Byzantine church and the first patriarch
1074  9,18|             Sathas, to call him “the last Byzantine and the first Hellene.”[
1075  9,18|              theologians, one of the best Byzantine writers of the fourteenth
1076  9,18|           beginning of the sixth century. Byzantine mysticism passed through
1077  9,18|               Cabasilas’ literary work in Byzantine mysticism, on its own merits
1078  9,18|                Aristotle. The stay of the Byzantine philosopher at Florence
1079  9,18|             cultural history of the later Byzantine Empire.[387]~ In rhetoric,
1080  9,18|             distinct significance for the Byzantine and Italian Renaissance
1081  9,18|                the imitation of Lucian in Byzantine literature, and give interesting
1082  9,18|                interesting details on the Byzantine culture of the time.~ In
1083  9,18|              closely connected with their Byzantine predecessors, for example
1084  9,18|                    He visited Venice as a Byzantine envoy, and was closely related
1085  9,18|        determining the characteristics of Byzantine learning at the end of the
1086  9,18|              remembered in the history of Byzantine literature in connection
1087  9,18|           exceedingly interesting type of Byzantine humanist of the first half
1088  9,18|               mark of originality in this Byzantine of the fourteenth century
1089  9,18|                  Of course the history of Byzantine political theory has not
1090  9,18|               dress of one of the highest Byzantine dignitaries holding a model
1091  9,18|                 one of the most brilliant Byzantine humanists of the fourteenth
1092  9,18|                   the greatest writers of Byzantine literature.”[398] His philosophical
1093  9,18|            Metochites a forerunner of the Byzantine Platonists of the fifteenth
1094  9,18|                   peculiarity alone; many Byzantine writers, both of prose and
1095  9,18|           complete lack of originality in Byzantine medicine, however, has been
1096  9,18|                particularly interested in Byzantine times remarked: “If one
1097  9,18|                  scientific of the entire Byzantine epoch, as well as of a long
1098  9,18|                 has deeply penetrated the Byzantine soil; but, in turn, it is
1099  9,18|              keeps, as a whole, a clearly Byzantine color.”[422] The original
1100  9,18|                  originated the poem, The Byzantine Achilleid, also written
1101  9,18|                  is influenced by another Byzantine epic hero, Digenes Akrites. “
1102  9,18|                one of the versions of the Byzantine epic, or whether he drew
1103  9,18|                emphasized. The revival of Byzantine art under the Palaeologi,
1104  9,18|        consideration western influence on Byzantine life in all its aspects
1105  9,18|              Fourth Crusade, compared the Byzantine monuments with the Italian
1106  9,18|            trecento might have influenced Byzantine art, and that this was the
1107  9,18|              opposite situation, that is, Byzantine influence upon Italian art,
1108  9,18|             influence upon the art of the Byzantine Empire, has now been proved
1109  9,18|                  the best achievements of Byzantine art under the Palaeologi
1110  9,18|                  few new forms adopted by Byzantine art. If one accepts this
1111  9,18|                there is no renaissance of Byzantine art in the fourteenth century,
1112  9,18|                  or any creative power of Byzantine masters of that epoch; in
1113  9,18|                  edition of his Manual of Byzantine Art, published in 1910,
1114  9,18|                 rising of new currents in Byzantine art which had appeared in
1115  9,18|                origin of the new forms of Byzantine painting in the thirteenth
1116  9,18|               came to the conclusion that Byzantine painting of the fourteenth
1117  9,18|                   a genuine phenomenon of Byzantine art; it is only the reflection
1118  9,18|                 turn was based on earlier Byzantine art. “Venice is one of the
1119  9,18|                Renaissance upon the later Byzantine art.”[430]~ Th. Schmidt
1120  9,18|             either of the Slavs or of the Byzantine Greeks in the fourteenth
1121  9,18|                  edition of his Manual of Byzantine Art summed up the matter
1122  9,18|               1930 L. Bréhier wrote; “The Byzantine art of the epoch of the
1123  9,18|                 the progress (l’essor) of Byzantine art under the Palaeologi
1124  9,18|           incomprehensible: “The story of Byzantine art really ends with the
1125  9,18|                 437] On the contrary, the Byzantine Renaissance is a rich, fruitful
1126  9,18|           monuments of the renaissance of Byzantine art under the Palaeologi
1127  9,18|             sixteenth century. The famous Byzantine painter Manuel Panselinos
1128  9,18|                    Raphael” or “Giotto of Byzantine painting,” probably lived
1129  9,18|                  A more recent scholar of Byzantine painting of the fourteenth
1130  9,18|                   nothing but a branch of Byzantine art and to prove that Serbian
1131  9,18|              Thessalonica.~ Several times Byzantine cultural interests and problems
1132  9,18|                  Italian Renaissance or a Byzantine Renaissance but, to use
1133  9,18|               Byzantium had no Dante. The Byzantine Renaissance was bound by
1134  9,18|                the characteristics of the Byzantine past. Taking into consideration
1135  9,18|         consideration these conditions of Byzantine life, one is amazed by the
1136  9,19|           tradition in general and by the Byzantine Greeks in particular, it
1137  9,19|                  and the influence of the Byzantine Greeks upon the Renaissance.
1138  9,19|                 Italy took place from the Byzantine regions conquered and devastated
1139  9,19|                   of the Hellenization of Byzantine southern Italy, because
1140  9,19|                   southern Italy, because Byzantine culture there began to flourish
1141  9,19|             century, the time of the real Byzantine humanists, Manuel Chrysoloras,
1142  9,19|                and they showered upon the Byzantine professor the highest praise
1143  9,19|                 the famous leaders of the Byzantine Renaissance, Gemistus Plethon
1144  9,19|                   authors, not to mention Byzantine texts and the works of the
1145  9,19|                 Italians hoped to use the Byzantine libraries. The Italians
1146 App  |                Appendix~ ~Emperors of the Byzantine Empire~324-1453~ ~ ~~~Constantine