Chapter, Paragraph

501  8,9 |  concerning John Asen’s regency in Constantinople aroused serious suspicions
502  8,9 |          time on, the struggle for Constantinople was carried on, not between
503  8,9 |          of European Turkey except Constantinople, as it was before World
504  8,9 |           to obtain the regency at Constantinople, took the lead in an alliance
505  8,9 |       expulsion of the Latins from Constantinople, and the division of their
506  8,9 |         Asen and Vatatzes besieged Constantinople in 1235, by land and sea,
507  8,9 |            help for the Emperor of Constantinople, the alarmed Pope Gregory
508  8,9 |          in Christ, the Emperor of Constantinople.”[69] Driven to despair,
509  8,9 |           last Latin Emperor, left Constantinople and traveled through western
510  8,9 |           and money.~ For the time Constantinople was saved. One cause for
511  8,10|           Orthodox patriarchate of Constantinople established at that time
512  8,10|            of taking possession of Constantinople. Close relations between
513  8,10|          the Latin patriarchate at Constantinople should lose its reason to
514  8,10|          promised Vatatzes to free Constantinople from the Latins and return
515  8,10|             that is, the taking of Constantinople.~ ~
516  8,12|          Empire with its center at Constantinople; for both Simeon in the
517  8,12|        Emperor of Nicaea drew near Constantinople. The Despotat of Epirus
518  8,12|          Peloponnesus, nothing but Constantinople was lacking for the restoration
519  8,13|     success of the final attack on Constantinople, Michael Palaeologus concluded
520  8,13|           Very important grants at Constantinople and in the islands of Crete
521  8,13|    Palaeologus’ plans to reconquer Constantinople. This treaty was ratified
522  8,13|            Genoa a few days before Constantinople was taken by Michael’s troops.
523  8,13|         Michael took possession of Constantinople. Michael himself was at
524  8,13|          he received the news that Constantinople had been taken. He set out
525  8,13|         transferred from Nicaea to Constantinople.~ The fugitive Baldwin proceeded
526  8,13|       drama of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Then Baldwin sailed from
527  8,13|           mention of the taking of Constantinople by Michael and of the expulsion
528  8,13|            who after the taking of Constantinople by the Greeks exclaimed: “
529  8,13|         during their domination of Constantinople. Indeed, considering the
530  8,14|            empires.~ The taking of Constantinople by the crusaders in 1204
531  8,14|          crusaders, of the fall of Constantinople, of the lawlessness of the
532  8,14|        were held in St. Sophia, at Constantinople, and were of no avail.[120]
533  8,14|           in 1206 the patriarch of Constantinople, John Camaterus, died in
534  8,14|            the disputation held at Constantinople, in the same year, 1206,
535  8,14|       negotiations of 1214 held at Constantinople and in Asia Minor with the
536  8,14|     accorded to him by Pelagius in Constantinople.[123]~From the point of
537  8,14|           that is to say, those of Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Antioch,
538  8,14|      disappointed in his idea that Constantinople would engage in the promised
539  8,14|           from Europe, not through Constantinople.~ The papal hopes were not
540  8,14|          title of the patriarch of Constantinople. But the population of Nicaea
541  8,14|           to its original place in Constantinople. The first Nicene ruler,
542  8,14|         crusaders at the taking of Constantinople, nevertheless refers to
543  8,14|         emperor with Baldwin II of Constantinople, at that time a minor. John
544  8,14|            the surrender to him of Constantinople, the restoration of the
545  8,14|          Theodore merely a step to Constantinople.~ It is usually related
546  8,14|          final aim — the taking of Constantinople — seemed to Theodore entirely
547  8,14|       Michael succeeded in seizing Constantinople without any support from
548  8,14| patriarchate, and restored them to Constantinople. During the Nicene Empire
549  8,15|            the Venetian podestá in Constantinople, which secured to the Venetian
550  8,15|          Just before the taking of Constantinople the Genoese gained the upper
551  8,16|         Nicaea after the taking of Constantinople by the Franks. Enjoying
552  8,16|              Blemmydes was born in Constantinople at the very end of the twelfth
553  8,16|          time.”[159] They had lost Constantinople, found refuge at Nicaea,
554  8,16|      Theodore II Lascaris. Born at Constantinople, George Acropolita had gone
555  8,16| accompanied Michael Palaeologus to Constantinople, devoted himself to diplomacy
556  8,16|         events from the capture of Constantinople by the crusaders to the
557  8,16|          the Empires of Nicaea and Constantinople belongs the activity of
558  8,16|            the capture and sack of Constantinople by the Franks in 1204. John
559  8,16|           papal representatives at Constantinople in the first years of the
560  8,16|            of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople with its beautiful mosaics.[
561  8,16|        from Adam to the capture of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204.~
562  8,16|   education. He spent some time in Constantinople, perhaps, in his youth,
563  8,16|          induced many artists from Constantinople and Thessalonica (Salonika)
564  8,17|          his children: he assigned Constantinople and the eastern provinces
565  9,1 |          policy of the Paleologi.~ Constantinople, the Acropolis of the universe,
566  9,2 |          rested an enormous head — Constantinople.”[4]~ The capital, which
567  9,2 |        from a cultural standpoint, Constantinople ceased to be one of the
568  9,2 |          eastern Christians, seize Constantinople, and become master of the
569  9,2 |           in 1328, suddenly seized Constantinople and induced Andronicus the
570  9,2 |      Palaeologus was celebrated in Constantinople. Thus in the Empire there
571  9,2 |       rival Apocaucus was slain in Constantinople. Cantacuzene was crowned
572  9,2 |           John Palaeologus entered Constantinople at the end of 1354. Compelled
573  9,2 |         1390 the young John seized Constantinople and governed it, but only
574  9,2 |  well-informed of the situation in Constantinople through its merchants, apparently
575  9,2 |     Venetian envoys about to go to Constantinople in 1390, they were admonished: “
576  9,2 |           Murad’s son [Bayazid] in Constantinople, you must try to obtain
577  9,2 |          years after his return to Constantinople from Paris.[19] Another
578  9,2 |             Vasili I; she lived in Constantinople only three years, but in
579  9,2 |          the Princes Islands (near Constantinople) a small chapel of the Holy
580  9,2 |           the highest officials of Constantinople fixed their choice upon
581  9,2 |      Mistra, he sailed at once for Constantinople in a Catalonian vessel and
582  9,2 |            to nothing. The fall of Constantinople and Constantine’s death
583  9,2 |         May 1453, at the taking of Constantinople by the Turks. On the site
584  9,2 |           rights to the Empires of Constantinople and Trebizond as well as
585  9,2 |            to eventual conquest of Constantinople and Jerusalem. In other
586  9,2 |           defend his “patrimony of Constantinople.”[34] Thus, the fall of
587  9,2 |              34] Thus, the fall of Constantinople and the marriage of Ivan
588  9,3 |      Baldwin II, who had fled from Constantinople, appealed to him for help
589  9,3 |          Latin re-establishment at Constantinople. Baldwin II, deprived of
590  9,3 |           the Genoese who lived at Constantinople and possessed at that time
591  9,3 |          for the sudden capture of Constantinople and the restoration of Latin
592  9,3 |          reserving to himself only Constantinople and several islands in the
593  9,3 |            Sicily, planned to hand Constantinople over to the Latins, and
594  9,3 |          were allowed to return to Constantinople, where some quarters were
595  9,3 |           Charles were diverted to Constantinople, they would be unable to
596  9,3 |           fear in Michael VIII for Constantinople and his throne.[50]~ But
597  9,3 |      cardinal of high rank went to Constantinople in the depth of winter.
598  9,3 |           if he took possession of Constantinople, of the whole monarchy of
599  9,3 |            the Latin occupation of Constantinople. The Sicilian Vespers made
600  9,3 |           after the restoration of Constantinople, Michael VIII, turned their
601  9,3 |           time to time retained at Constantinople. In 1265 the Kipchak Khan
602  9,3 |         transferred from Nicaea to Constantinople, the akritai ceased to receive
603  9,4 |            the Turks and defeated. Constantinople itself seemed in danger,
604  9,4 |           took ship and sailed for Constantinople.~ The participation of the
605  9,4 |        them exclaimed: “Would that Constantinople had never seen the Latin
606  9,4 |        with his company arrived in Constantinople.[85] There were almost ten
607  9,4 |            niece was celebrated at Constantinople with great pomp. After some
608  9,4 |       Minor, and the government of Constantinople. The Emperor recalled Roger
609  9,4 |        Empire and even threatening Constantinople itself; Thrace was exposed
610  9,4 |          turned their attention to Constantinople.~ During the civil war between
611  9,4 |         safety behind the walls of Constantinople, whose Emperor actively
612  9,4 |     considerable trade activity at Constantinople, at the end of the thirteenth
613  9,4 |           itself side by side with Constantinople.~ ~
614  9,5 |         took definite form against Constantinople itself. A Byzantine historian
615  9,5 |           way from Thessalonica to Constantinople. The surrender of Seres
616  9,5 |            might serve as a key to Constantinople. From this time on, broader
617  9,5 |           s broad plans concerning Constantinople differed from the plans
618  9,5 |              to take possession of Constantinople was due to the same tendency
619  9,5 |        Empire which should include Constantinople.~ In assuming the title
620  9,5 |    dependent upon the patriarch of Constantinople, was not sufficient; even
621  9,5 |           needed. The patriarch of Constantinople, naturally, would not consent
622  9,5 |    substitute for the patriarch of Constantinople. The Serbian patriarch was
623  9,5 |      elected, and the patriarch of Constantinople, who refused to recognize
624  9,5 |            sole dream was to reach Constantinople; after his victories and
625  9,5 |       dream of an easy conquest of Constantinople, Dushan did not immediately
626  9,5 |          besides, in order to take Constantinople it was necessary to have
627  9,5 |      unreconciled to the return of Constantinople to the Palaeologi, would
628  9,5 |       himself; if Venice conquered Constantinople, it would be for her own
629  9,5 |            obvious that the way to Constantinople was closed to him.~ The
630  9,5 |            vast expedition against Constantinople in the very year of his
631  9,5 |     peninsula a great Empire, with Constantinople at its head, ended in failure.
632  9,6 |           peninsula. The people of Constantinople immediately realized their
633  9,6 |         Venetian representative at Constantinople notified his government
634  9,6 |           wrote that the Greeks of Constantinople, wishing to be protected
635  9,6 |       reflected the real spirit in Constantinople is difficult to say.~ Historians
636  9,6 |         fortified places very near Constantinople, took possession of such
637  9,6 |        transferred to Hadrianople. Constantinople was being gradually surrounded
638  9,6 |       fulfill the sultan’s demand. Constantinople entered upon the most critical
639  9,6 |         attack of the Genoese upon Constantinople itself was a failure. The
640  9,6 |          increasingly dangerous to Constantinople.~ This increase in Genoese
641  9,6 |            Tana and Kaffa all over Constantinople, where it carried off, according
642  9,6 |          commercial relations with Constantinople and the countries around
643  9,6 |            raising a revolution at Constantinople which deposed John V and
644  9,6 |            Pero Tafur, who visited Constantinople in 1437 gave a very interesting
645  9,7 |              Byzantium, or rather, Constantinople, was in a desperate and
646  9,7 |          the sultan and arrived in Constantinople, where he was crowned emperor.
647  9,7 |            Bayazid’s envoy sent to Constantinople to Manuel, as Ducas related,
648  9,7 |            to me.”[145] Thereafter Constantinople was practically in a state
649  9,7 |           Bayazid tried to cut off Constantinople from its food supply. Such
650  9,7 |           Venice sent some corn to Constantinople.[149]~ ~The crusade of Sigismund
651  9,7 |        Danube and the Black Sea to Constantinople, whence, by a roundabout
652  9,7 |          to strike a final blow to Constantinople, decided to ruin the few
653  9,7 |      purpose from the patriarch of Constantinople, was favorably received
654  9,7 |        Moscow of sending troops to Constantinople; it was only a question
655  9,7 |          Turks.” Money was sent to Constantinople, where it was accepted with
656  9,7 |     promise and sent in support of Constantinople 1200 men-at-arms, at whose
657  9,7 |            set out to the East, to Constantinople, traveled all over Palestine,
658  9,7 |       Dardanelles, and arriving in Constantinople, where his fleet was received
659  9,7 |     situation; they could not free Constantinople from her approaching fall.
660  9,7 |           at once and to return to Constantinople. In July, 1402, was fought
661  9,7 |       Bayazid and thereby relieved Constantinople from immediate danger. The
662  9,7 |        take decisive steps against Constantinople; thereby the existence of
663  9,7 |            begged him to convey to Constantinople the money which had been
664  9,7 |          the Empire was reduced to Constantinople, the adjoining portion of
665  9,7 |    Peloponnesus, obviously next to Constantinople the Peloponnesus was the
666  9,7 |           Ch. Diehl, wrote: “While Constantinople is weakened and falling,
667  9,7 |      history.”[181]~ ~The siege of Constantinople in 1422. Until the beginning
668  9,7 |         passed through a suburb of Constantinople, where he was met by Manuel.
669  9,7 |        Murad II decided to besiege Constantinople and crush at once this long-coveted
670  9,7 |           1422, the Turks besieged Constantinople. In Byzantine literature
671  9,7 |            constant protectress of Constantinople. Meanwhile, the Turkish
672  9,7 |           Thrace. The territory of Constantinople was growing still more limited.
673  9,7 |          which delayed the fall of Constantinople for fifty years. But even
674  9,7 |             The siege and storm of Constantinople by the Turks in 1422 was
675  9,8 |            properly speaking, over Constantinople and the nearest surrounding
676  9,8 |            high church official in Constantinople in his Chronicle on the
677  9,8 |           also felt in the city of Constantinople.~ An interesting description
678  9,8 |         interesting description of Constantinople was written by a pilgrim
679  9,8 |          of restoring the walls of Constantinople. Many inscriptions on the
680  9,8 |    perishing Byzantium. Thereafter Constantinople was left to its fate.[193]~
681  9,8 |         plans of Charles of Anjou. Constantinople was one of Alfonso’s goals,
682  9,9 |        1449-53) and the capture of Constantinople.~ The territory which recognized
683  9,9 |            emperor was confined to Constantinople with its nearest environs
684  9,9 |        conduct during the siege of Constantinople. An Italian humanist, Francesco
685  9,9 |             who during his stay at Constantinople, knew Constantine personally
686  9,9 |        Caesar, and the emperors of Constantinople, and spoke five languages
687  9,9 |         200] The desire to conquer Constantinople was an obsession with the
688  9,9 |           might take possession of Constantinople.” He spent sleepless nights
689  9,9 |         short time (in 1479-80) at Constantinople at the end of the reign
690  9,9 |          to deal the final blow to Constantinople, Muhammed set to work with
691  9,9 |            horrors of the siege of Constantinople, the author of the precious
692  9,9 |            Turks, in case of siege Constantinople would be deprived of the
693  9,9 |          from coming to the aid of Constantinople in case of emergency. After
694  9,9 |            of Florence, arrived in Constantinople, and in commemoration of
695  9,9 |        Giustiniani, who arrived in Constantinople with two large vessels bringing
696  9,9 |         number of the defenders of Constantinople, the Greeks and some Latins,
697  9,9 |            City protected by God,” Constantinople, left a deep mark in the
698  9,9 |     eyewitness of the last days of Constantinople, it has only secondary significance.
699  9,9 |         whole time of the siege at Constantinople. One was the appeal To All
700  9,9 |            Journal of the siege of Constantinople, written in the old Venetian
701  9,9 |           The story of the fall of Constantinople is also related in various
702  9,9 |      Turkish popular legends about Constantinople and the Bosphorus.[212]~
703  9,9 |           the siege and capture of Constantinople by the Turks.~ At the beginning
704  9,9 | destructive blows the old walls of Constantinople could not resist. The Russian
705  9,9 |       which had come to the aid of Constantinople, defeated the Turkish fleet
706  9,9 |         and Italians. For a moment Constantinople considered itself saved.”[
707  9,9 |        hasten the decisive blow to Constantinople. Imitating the famous orations
708  9,9 |         solemnly entered conquered Constantinople, and went into St. Sophia,
709  9,9 |           crusaders who had seized Constantinople in 1204.”[226]~ A popular
710  9,9 |           it and disappeared; when Constantinople passes again into the hands
711  9,9 |         two days after the fall of Constantinople a western relief fleet arrived
712  9,9 |          to the East in support of Constantinople.[228]~ In 1456 Muhammed
713  9,9 |    transferred from Hadrianople to Constantinople, which was called by the
714  9,9 |       Acominatus after the sack of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204, bewailed
715  9,9 |            day when the Turks took Constantinople, the sun was darkened.”[
716  9,9 |       darkened.”[233]~ The fall of Constantinople made a terrible impression
717  9,9 |           many letters the ruin of Constantinople was lamented as that of
718  9,9 |           III, calling the fall of Constantinople “a general disaster to the
719  9,9 |       Christian faith,” wrote that Constantinople was “a real abode [velut
720  9,9 |       turned back from Europe, but Constantinople, it is well known, even
721  9,11|        Jerusalem. The recapture of Constantinople by the Greeks in 1261 was
722  9,11|            papal embassies came to Constantinople in order to confirm the
723  9,12|         Nicaea, the second time at Constantinople after the restoration of
724  9,12|           of the new patriarchs of Constantinople misdeeds which were bringing
725  9,12|           over the patriarchate of Constantinople in the epoch of the so-called
726  9,12|          the patriarchal throne of Constantinople becomes for a long time
727  9,12|           over to the patriarch of Constantinople, who was to ordain the protos.
728  9,12|         the city protected by God, Constantinople,”[266] which was drawn up
729  9,12|        subject to the patriarch of Constantinople. Of the more distant points
730  9,12|            it is still in force in Constantinople. “The list at present in
731  9,13|            many-sided education at Constantinople, and he had been inclined
732  9,13|           abbot) of a monastery at Constantinople. Defeated in a discussion
733  9,13|          matter was transferred to Constantinople, where it was decided to
734  9,14|            threatening to encircle Constantinople. John V Palaeologus put
735  9,14|            the Emperor returned to Constantinople. His stay at Venice ended
736  9,14|          however, the patriarch of Constantinople Philotheus, sent messages
737  9,15|           The Council of Basel and Constantinople exchanged embassies, and
738  9,15|           real storm burst out” at Constantinople.[285] Meanwhile, the Emperor
739  9,15|           Joseph, the patriarch of Constantinople; Mark (Marcus), the metropolitan
740  9,15|         the Emperor’s sailing from Constantinople, his arrival in Ferrara,
741  9,15|         East, and on his return to Constantinople John very soon realized
742  9,16|    Orthodox clergy who had come to Constantinople, among them the patriarchs
743  9,16|        Catholic church, arrived in Constantinople and in December 1452, five
744  9,16|           city.~ After the fall of Constantinople, the religion and religious
745  9,16|             The first patriarch of Constantinople under the new rule was elected
746  9,17|           the eyes of the people.~ Constantinople itself, which had passed
747  9,17|          and pilgrims, who visited Constantinople at that time, all testify
748  9,17|        most important monuments of Constantinople, remarked; “Within the city
749  9,17|          that in former times when Constantinople was in its pristine state
750  9,17|           world.” In contrast with Constantinople, when Clavijo visited the
751  9,17|            most famous churches of Constantinople, the Church of the Holy
752  9,17|   different countries, who visited Constantinople in the fourteenth and fifteenth
753  9,17|          was graciously treated at Constantinople by Emperor John VIII, When,
754  9,17|      Trebizond, Pero Tafur visited Constantinople again, the “Despot Dragas,”
755  9,17|            the fourteenth century, Constantinople with its nearest possessions
756  9,17|           for a time a granary for Constantinople.[303]~ Owing to the feudalizing
757  9,17|           number of inhabitants of Constantinople left for the West.[306]
758  9,17|           and some of them went to Constantinople in the hope that the capital
759  9,17|            of 1328 the populace of Constantinople sacked the magnificent palace
760  9,17|           attention to orders from Constantinople, and Thessalonica was governed
761  9,17|            cut off all connection, Constantinople, as before, remained a center
762  9,17|            merchandise for sale at Constantinople itself and at Galata or
763  9,17|    Broquière, wrote that he saw in Constantinople many merchants of various
764  9,17|          in addition there were in Constantinople many other merchants both
765  9,17|          Commercial intercourse in Constantinople was truly international.~
766  9,17|     relations between Florence and Constantinople show that this trade was
767  9,17|         surrounded by the walls of Constantinople was reproduced. No coins
768  9,17|            they took possession of Constantinople and the rest of the Empire,
769  9,18|           until it was confined to Constantinople with its surroundings, and
770  9,18|             especially the city of Constantinople, was a center of ardent
771  9,18|           artistic. The schools of Constantinople flourished as they had in
772  9,18|            of great value. Besides Constantinople, Mistra-Sparta was also
773  9,18|        founded a grammar school at Constantinople. Andronicus the Elder admired
774  9,18|            mosque Qahriye-Jami) at Constantinople.[339] Manuel II was particularly
775  9,18|            had come from Nicaea to Constantinople, was a very well-educated
776  9,18|          the unsuccessful siege of Constantinople by the Turks in 1422. Cananus,
777  9,18|           not only for the fall of Constantinople but also for the Palaeologian
778  9,18|        time of the Turkish sway at Constantinople. He was within the capital
779  9,18|      eyewitness. After the fall of Constantinople he was captured by the Turks.
780  9,18|         his account of the fall of Constantinople ends with the “lament,”
781  9,18|          centered his work, not in Constantinople or at the court of the Palaeologi,
782  9,18|      successively in Thessalonica, Constantinople, and Crete, was granted
783  9,18|    depressed mood of the people of Constantinople before the Turkish danger,
784  9,18| correspondence of the patriarch of Constantinople, Athanasius I, who under
785  9,18|         and the first patriarch of Constantinople under the Turkish power,
786  9,18|            elementary education at Constantinople and spent the greater part
787  9,18|         mosaics of Qahriye-jami at Constantinople and of the Church of St.
788  9,18|           Serbia, at Mistra, or in Constantinople are very largely old Greek
789  9,18|       which was finally reduced to Constantinople and its suburbs, and in
790  9,18|       really ends with the sack of Constantinople by the Franks in 1204.”[
791  9,18|         mosaics of Qahriye-jami in Constantinople, already referred to, and
792  9,18|             it began to decline in Constantinople, and the best minds of the
793  9,18|           to Turkish conquest than Constantinople or Thessalonica.~ Several
794  9,19|          especially at the fall of Constantinople in 1453. For example, a
795  9,19|          When after the capture of Constantinople the fresh and pure air of
796  9,19|             on Mount Athos, and in Constantinople. The Emperor, Andronicus
797  9,19|            because the Greeks call Constantinople the second Rome and dare
798  9,19|           wished to go directly to Constantinople, ‘‘but learning that Greece
799  9,19|      Bessarion of Nicaea.~ Born in Constantinople about the middle of the
800  9,19|         humanist, Guarino, went to Constantinople on purpose to hear Chrysoloras;
801  9,19|          education. He was sent to Constantinople for further advance in knowledge,
802  9,19|         then attending lectures in Constantinople, made Bessarion acquainted
803  9,19|            curia. On his return to Constantinople, Bessarion soon realized
804  9,19|            the news of the fall of Constantinople, Bessarion wrote immediately
805  9,19|          auditor of Chrysoloras in Constantinople, Guarino. What Poggio did
806  9,19|         Byzantium and brought from Constantinople, the Peloponnesus, and the