CHAPTER X. The Convalidation of Marriage

Art. 1. Simple Convalidation

Can. 1156 §1. To convalidate a marriage which is invalid because of a diriment impediment, it is required that the

impediment ceases or is dispensed and that at least the party conscious of the impediment renews consent.

§2. Ecclesiastical law requires this renewal for the validity of the convalidation even if each party gave consent

at the beginning and did not revoke it afterwards.

Can. 1157 The renewal of consent must be a new act of the will concerning a marriage which the renewing party

knows or thinks was null from the beginning.

Can. 1158 §1. If the impediment is public, both parties must renew the consent in canonical form, without prejudice

to the prescript of can. 1127, §2.

§2. If the impediment cannot be proven, it is sufficient that the party conscious of the impediment renews the

consent privately and in secret, provided that the other perseveres in the consent offered; if the impediment is

known to both parties, both are to renew the consent.

Can. 1159 §1. A marriage which is invalid because of a defect of consent is convalidated if the party who did not

consent now consents, provided that the consent given by the other party perseveres.

§2. If the defect of consent cannot be proven, it is sufficient that the party who did not consent gives consent

privately and in secret.

§3. If the defect of consent can be proven, the consent must be given in canonical form.

Can. 1160 A marriage which is null because of defect of form must be contracted anew in canonical form in order

to become valid, without prejudice to the prescript of can. 1127, §2.