Art.. 1. Resignation

Can.187 Anyone responsible for oneself (sui compos) can resign from an ecclesiastical ofWce for

a just cause.

Can.188 A resignation made out of grave fear that is inflicted unjustly or out of malice,

substantial error, or simony is invalid by the law itself.

Can.189 §1. To be valid, a resignation, whether it requires acceptance or not, must be made to

the authority to whom it pertains to make provision of the office in question; this must be done

either in writing, or orally in the presence of two witnesses.

§2. The authority is not to accept a resignation which is not based on a just and

proportionate cause.

§3. A resignation which requires acceptance lacks all force if it is not accepted within three

months; one which does not require acceptance takes effect when it has been communicated by

the one resigning according to the norm of law.

§4. A resignation can be revoked by the one resigning as long as it has not taken effect; once

it has taken effect it cannot be revoked, but the one who resigned can obtain the office by some

other title.