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The Epistle
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  • Chapter I.-After the Salutation, the Writer Declares that He Would Communicate to His Brethren Something of that Which He Had Himself Received.
  1: The Codex Sinaiticus has simply "Epistle of Barnabas" for title; Dressel gives, "Epistle of Barna[...]
  2: The Cod. Sin. has simply, "the Lord."
  3: Literally, "the judgments of God being great and rich towards you;" but, as Hefele remarks, dikai[...]
  4: This appears to be the meaning of the Greek, and is confirmed by the ancient Latin version. Hilge[...]
  5: The Latin reads, "spirit infused into your from the honourable fountain of God."
  6: This sentence is entirely omitted in the Latin.
  7: The Latin text is here quite different, and seems evidently corrupt. We have followed the Cod. Si[...]
  8: Literally, "in the hope of His life."
  9: The Greek is here totally unintelligible: it seems impossible either to punctuate or construe it.[...]
  10: Instead of "knowledge" (gnwsewj), Cod. Sin. has "taste" (geusewj).
  11: Literally, "we ought more richly and loftily to approach His fear."
  12: Instead of, "to Him with fear," the reading of Cod. Sin., the Latin has, "to His altar," which Hi[...]


  • Chapter II.-The Jewish Sacrifices are Now Abolished.
  13: The Latin text is literally, "the adversary;" the Greek has, "and he that worketh possesseth powe[...]
  14: Or, "while these things continue, those which respect the Lord rejoice in purity along with them [...]
  15: Isa. i. 11-14, from the Sept., as is the case throughout. We have given the quotation as it stand[...]
  16: Thus in the Latin. The Greek reads, "might not have a man-made oblation." The Latin text seems pr[...]
  17: Jer. vii. 22; Zech. viii. 17.
  18: So the Greek. Hilgenfeld, with the Latin, omits "not."
  19: Ps. li. 19. there is nothing in Scripture corresponding to the last clause.
  20: Literally, "sling us out."


  • Chapter III.-The Fasts of the Jews are Not True Fasts, Nor Acceptable to God.
  21: Isa. lviii. 4, 5.
  22: The original here is xeirotonian, from the LXX. Hefele remarks, that it may refer to the stretchin[...]
  23: Isa. lviii 6-10.
  24: The Greek is here unintelligible: the Latin has, "that we should not rush on, as if proselytes to[...]


  • Chapter IV.-Antichrist is at Hand: Let Us Therefore Avoid Jewish Errors.
  25: Or it might be rendered, "things present." Cotelerius reads, "de his instantibus."
  26: The Latin reads, "Daniel" instead of "Enoch;" comp. Dan. ix. 24-27.
  27: Dan. vii. 24, very loosely quoted.
  28: Dan. vii. 7, 8, also very inaccurately cited.
  29: We here follow the Latin text in preference to the Greek, which reads merely, "the covenant is ou[...]
  30: Ex. xxxi. 18, xxxiv. 28.
  31: Ex. xxxii. 7; Deut. ix. 12.
  32: Literally, "in hope of His faith."
  33: The Greek is here incorrect and unintelligible; and as the Latin omits the clause, our translatio[...]
  34: So the Cod. Sin. Hilgenfeld reads, with the Latin, "let us take."
  35: The Latin here departs entirely from the Greek text, and quotes as a saying of "the Son of God" t[...]
  36: Isa. v. 21.
  37: An exact quotation from Matt. xx. 16 or xxii. 14. It is worthy of notice that this is the first e[...]


  • Chapter V.-The New Covenant, Founded on the Sufferings of Christ, Tends to Our Salvation, But to the Jews' Destruction.
  38: Isa. liii. 5. 7.
  39: Prov. i. 17, from the LXX, which has mistaken the meaning.
  40: Gen. i. 26.
  41: Matt. ix. 13; Mark ii. 17; Luke v. 32.
  42: The Cod. Sin. reads, "neither would men have been saved by seeing Him."
  43: Cod. Sin. has, "their prophets," but the corrector has changed it as above.
  44: A very loose reference to Isa. liii. 8.
  45: Cod. Sin. omits "and," and reads, "when they smite their own shepherd, then the sheep of the past[...]
  46: Zech. xiii. 7.
  47: Cod. Sin. inserts "and."
  48: These are inaccurate and confused quotations from Ps. xxii. 21, 17, and cxix. 120.
  49: Isa. l. 6, 7.


  • Chapter VI.-The Sufferings of Christ, and the New Covenant, Were Announced by the Prophets.
  50: Isa. l. 8.
  51: Isa. l. 9.
  52: The Latin omits "since," but it is found in all the Greek mss.
  53: Cod. Sin. has "believe." Isa. viii. 14, xxviii. 16.
  54: Isa. l. 7.
  55: Ps. cxviii. 22.
  56: Ps. cxviii. 24.
  57: Comp. 1 Cor. iv. 13. The meaning is, "My love to you is so great, that I am ready to be or to do [...]
  58: Ps. xxii. 17, cxviii. 12.
  59: Ps. xxii. 19.
  60: Isa. iii. 9.
  61: Wisd. ii. 12. This apocryphal book is thus quoted as Scripture, and intertwined with it.
  62: Cod. Sin. reads, "What says the other prophet Moses unto them?"
  63: Ex. xxxiii. 1; Lev. xx. 24.
  64: The original word is "Gnosis," the knowledge peculiar to advanced Christians, by which they under[...]
  65: Not found in Scripture. Comp. Isa. xl. 13; Prov. i. 6. Hilgenfeld, however, changes the usual pun[...]
  66: The Greek is here very elliptical and obscure: "His Spirit" is inserted above, from the Latin. [...]
  67: Gen. i. 26.
  68: Cod. Sin. has "our fair formation."
  69: Gen. i. 28.
  70: Cod. Sin. inserts, "the Lord says."
  71: Cod. Sin. has "I make."
  72: Not in Scripture, but comp. Matt. xx. 16, and 2 Cor. v. 17.
  73: Ex. xxxiii. 3.
  74: Ezek. xi. 19, xxxvi. 26.
  75: Cod. Sin. inserts "Himself;" comp. John i. 14.
  76: Comp. Eph. ii. 21.
  77: Comp. Ps. xlii. 2.
  78: Cod. Sin. omits "He says."
  79: Cod. Sin. omits "in the midst."
  80: Ps. xxii. 23; Heb. ii. 12.
  81: Cod. Sin. has "But we said above."
  82: Gen. i. 28.
  83: These are specimens of the "Gnosis," or faculty of bringing out the hidden spiritual meaning of S[...]


  • Chapter VII.-Fasting, and the Goat Sent Away, Were Types of Christ.
  84: Cod. Sin. reads "temple," which is adopted by Hilgenfeld.
  85: Not to be found in Scripture, as is the case also with what follows. Hefele remarks, that "certai[...]
  86: Cod. Sin. has "by them."
  87: Cod. Sin. reads, "what commanded He?"
  88: Cod. Sin. reads, "one as a burnt-offering, and one for sins."
  89: Cod. Sin. reads, "type of God," but it has been corrected to "Jesus."
  90: In Cod. Sin. we find "Rachel." The orthography is doubtful, but there is little question that a k[...]
  91: Thus the Latin interprets: others render "shoots."
  92: Cod. Sin. has "thus" instead of "this."
  93: Literally, "was."
  94: The text is here in great confusion, though the meaning is plain. Dressel reads, "For how are the[...]
  95: Cod. Sin. here inserts "the goat."
  96: Cod. Sin. reads, "for as he who . . . so, says he," etc.
  97: Comp. Acts xiv. 22.


  • Chapter VIII.-The Red Heifer a Type of Christ.
  98: Literally, "men in whom sins are perfect." Of this, and much more that follows, no mention is mad[...]
  99: Cod. Sin. has "upon sticks," and adds, "Behold again the type of the cross, both the scarlet wool[...]
  100: Cod. Sin. has, "the law is Christ Jesus," corrected to the above.
  101: The Greek text is,"then no longer [sinful] men, no longer the glory of sinners," which Dressel de[...]
  102: Literally, "in witness of the tribes."
  103: "In witness of."
  104: Thus the sense seems to require, and thus Dressel translates, though it is difficult to extract s[...]


  • Chapter IX.-The Spiritual Meaning of Circumcision.
  105: Ps. xviii. 44.
  106: Isa. xxxiii. 13.
  107: Jer. iv. 4.
  108: Jer. vii. 2.
  109: Ps. xxxiv. 11-13. The first clause of this sentence is wanting in Cod. Sin.
  110: Cod. Sin. has "Lord."
  111: Isa. i. 2.
  112: In proof of the spiritual meaning of circumcision; but Hilgenfeld joins the words to the precedin[...]
  113: Isa. i. 10.
  114: Cod. Sin. reads, "it is the voice," corrected, however, as above.
  115: Cod. Sin. has, "that we might hear the word, and not only believe," plainly a corrupt text.
  116: Cod. Sin., at first hand, has "slew them," but is corrected as above.
  117: The meaning is here very obscure, but the above rendering and punctuation seem preferable to any [...]
  118: Cod. Sin., with several other mss., leaves out "new."
  119: Jer. iv. 3. Cod. Sin. has "God" instead of "Lord."
  120: Deut. x. 16.
  121: This contrast seems to be marked in the original. cod. Sin. has, "Behold, receive again."
  122: Jer. ix. 25, 26.
  123: Dressel and Hilgenfeld read, "their covenant," as does Cod. Sin.; we have followed Hefele.
  124: Cod. Sin. has "children of love," omitting "richly," and inserting it before "looking forward." [...]
  125: Literally, "doctrines."
  126: Not found in Scripture: but comp. Gen. xvii. 26, 27, xiv. 14.
  127: Cod. Sin. inserts, "and then making a pause."
  128: This sentence is altogether omitted by inadvertence in Cod. Sin.
  129: Some mss. here read, "and further:" the above is the reading in Cod. Sin., and is also that of He[...]
  130: This is rendered in the Latin, "the more profound gift," referring, as it does, to the Gnosis of [...]
  131: Literally, "has learned a more germane (or genuine) word from me," being an idle vaunt on account[...]


  • Chapter X.-Spiritual Significance of the Precepts of Moses Respecting Different Kinds of Food.
  132: Cod. Sin. has "portion," corrected, however, as above. See Lev. xi. and Deut. xiv.
  133: Deut. iv. 1.
  134: Literally, "in spirit."
  135: Cod. Sin. inserts, "and gaze about for some way of escape on account of their greediness, even as[...]
  136: Cod. Sin. has, "condemned already."
  137: Dressel has a note upon this passage, in which he refers the words we have rendered, "corrupters [...]
  138: We have left trupaj untranslated. [Cavities, i.e. of conception].
  139: Cod. Sin. has, "with the body through uncleanness," and so again in the last clause.
  140: Cod. Sin. inserts, "having received."
  141: Ps. i. 1.
  142: Literally, "of the pestilent."
  143: Cod. Sin. reads, "perfectly," instead of "perfect," as do most mss.; but, according to Dressel, w[...]
  144: Or, "resting upon Him."
  145: Cod. Sin. here has the singular, "one who ruminates."
  146: Literally, "holy age."
  147: Cod. sin. inserts again, "rightly."


  • Chapter XI.-Baptism and the Cross Prefigured in the Old Testament.
  148: Literally, "should build."
  149: Cod. Sin. has,"confine still more," corrected to "tremble still more."
  150: Cod. Sin. has, "have dug a pit of death." See Jer. ii. 12, 13.
  151: Comp. Isa. xvi. 1, 2.
  152: Literally, "dark." Cod. Sin. has, "of darkness."
  153: Isa. xlv. 2, 3.
  154: Isa. xxxiii. 16. Cod. Sin. has, "thou that dwell."
  155: Cod. Sin. entirely omits the question given above, and joins "the water is sure" to the former se[...]
  156: Isa. xxxiii. 16-18.
  157: Ps. i. 3-6.
  158: Cod. Sin. has, "what meaneth?"
  159: Zeph. iii. 19.
  160: Ezek. xlvii. 12.
  161: Omitted in Cod. sin.


  • Chapter XII.-The Cross of Christ Frequently Announced in the Old Testament.
  162: Cod. Sin. refers this to God, and not to the prophet.
  163: From some unknown apocryphal book. Hilgenfeld compares Hab. ii. 11.
  164: Cod. Sin. reads, "He speaks to Moses."
  165: Cod. Sin. omits "and."
  166: Cod. Sin. reads pugmhj, which must here be translated "heap" or "mass." According to Hilgenfeld, [...]
  167: Thus standing in the form of a cross.
  168: Or, as some read, "in the cross."
  169: Isa. lxv. 2.
  170: Cos. Sin. has, "and He shall make him alive."
  171: Literally, "the sign."
  172: Comp. Num xxi. 6-9; John iii. 14-18.
  173: Deut. xxvii. 15. Cod. Sin. reads, "molten or graven."
  174: Instead of en dokw, "on a beam," Cod. Sin. with other mss. has endocwj, "manifestly," which is a[...]
  175: Cod. Sin. simply reads, "offer supplication."
  176: Num. xxi. 9.
  177: Comp. Col. i. 16.
  178: Cod. Sin. has the imperative, "Put on him;" but it is connected as above.
  179: Cod. Sin. closes the sentence with Jesus, and inserts, "Moses said therefore to Jesus."
  180: Ex. xvii. 14.
  181: Comp. 1 Tim. iii. 16.
  182: That is, merely human: a reference is supposed to the Ebionites.
  183: Ps. cx. 1; Matt. xxii. 43-45.
  184: Cod. Sin. corrects "to Cyrus," as LXX.
  185: Cod. Sin. has, "he has taken hold."
  186: Isa. xlv. 1.


  • Chapter XIII.-Christians, and Not Jews, the Heirs of the Covenant.
  187: That is, "Christians."
  188: Gen. xxv. 21.
  189: Gen. xxv. 23.
  190: Gen. xlviii. 11, 9.
  191: Cod. Sin. reads each time "Ephraim," by a manifest mistake, instead of Manasseh.
  192: Cod. Sin. reads each time "Ephraim," by a manifest mistake, instead of Manasseh.
  193: Gen. xlviii. 18.
  194: Gen. xlviii. 19.
  195: Or, "of whom he willed."
  196: Cod. Sin. has, "when alone believing," and is followed by Hilgenfeld to this effect: "What, then,[...]
  197: Gen. xv. 6, xvii. 5; comp. Rom. iv. 3.


  • Chapter XIV.-The Lord Hath Given Us the Testament Which Moses Received and Broke.
  198: Cod. Sin. absurdly repeats "to give."
  199: Ex. xxiv. 18.
  200: Ex. xxxi. 18.
  201: Ex. xxxii. 7; Deut. ix. 12.
  202: Cod. Sin. reads, "for themselves."
  203: Comp. Heb. iii. 5.
  204: Cod. Sin. and other mss. read, "through Him who inherited."
  205: Cod. Sin. refers this to Christ.
  206: Cod. Sin. reads, "be prepared." Hilgenfeld follows Cod. Sin. so far, and reads, "For it is writte[...]
  207: Isa. xlii. 6, 7.
  208: Cod. Sin. has, "we know."
  209: Isa. xlix. 6. The text of Cod. Sin., and of the other mss., is here in great confusion: we have [...]
  210: Isa. lxi. 1, 2.


  • Chapter XV.-The False and the True Sabbath.
  211: Cod. Sin. reads "because," but this is corrected to "moreover."
  212: Ex. xx. 8; Deut. v. 12.
  213: Jer. xvii. 24, 25.
  214: Gen. ii. 2. The Hebrew text is here followed, the Septuagint reading "sixth" instead of "seventh[...]
  215: Cod. Sin. reads "signifies."
  216: Cod. Sin. adds, "to me."
  217: Cod. Sin. reads, "The day of the Lord shall be as a thousand years."
  218: Ps. xc. 4; 2 Pet. iii. 8.
  219: Cod. Sin. seems properly to omit "of the wicked man."
  220: Cod. Sin. places stars before moon.
  221: Cod. Sin. reads "again," but is corrected as above.
  222: The meaning is, "If the Sabbaths of the Jews were the true Sabbath, we should have been deceived [...]
  223: Cod. Sin. has, "But if not." Hilgenfeld's text of this confused passage reads as follows: "Who th[...]
  224: Cod. Sin. reads, "resting aright, we shall sanctify it, having been justified, and received the p[...]
  225: Cod. Sin. reads, "Shall we not then?"
  226: Isa. i. 13.
  227: "Barnabas here bears testimony to the observance of the Lord's Day in early times."-Hefele.
  228: We here follow the punctuation of Dressel: Hefele places only a comma between the clauses, and in[...]


  • Chapter XVI.-The Spiritual Temple of God.
  229: That is, "they worshipped the temple instead of Him."
  230: Isa. xl. 12.
  231: Isa. lxvi. 1.
  232: Comp. Isa. xlix. 17 (Sept.).
  233: Cod. Sin. omits this.
  234: Comp. Isa. v., Jer. xxv.; but the words do not occur in Scripture.
  235: Dan. ix. 24-27; Hagg. ii. 10.
  236: Cod. Sin. reads, "the calling."
  237: Cod. Sin. gives the clauses of this sentence separately, each occupying a line.
  238: That is, the man who is engaged in preaching the Gospel.
  239: Such is the punctuation adopted by Hefele, Dressel, and Hilgenfeld.


  • Chapter XVII.-Conclusionof the First Part of the Epistle.
  240: Cod. Sin. reads, "my soul hopes that it has not omitted anything."
  241: Cod. Sin., "about things present or future." Hilgenfeld's text of this passage is as follows: "My[...]


  • Chapter XVIII.-Second Part of the Epistle. The Two Ways.
  242: Comp. 2 Cor. xii. 7.
  243: Cod. Sin. reads, "of the present time of iniquity."


  • Chapter XIX.-The Way of Light.
  244: Cod. Sin. inserts, "Thou shalt fear Him that formed thee."
  245: Cod. Sin. adds, "in all things."
  246: Literally, "shalt not give insolence to thy soul."
  247: "That is, while proclaiming the Gospel, thou shalt not in any way be of corrupt morals."-Hefele. [...]
  248: Isa. lxvi. 2. All the preceding clauses are given in Cod. Sin. in distinct lines.
  249: Comp. James i 8.
  250: Cod. Sin. has "thy name," but this is corrected as above.
  251: Cod. Sin. corrects to, "as thine own soul."
  252: Cod. Sin. has, "of God."
  253: "Difficulties," or "troubles."
  254: Cod. Sin. adds, "knowing that without God nothing happens."
  255: Cod. Sin. has, "talkative," and omits the following clause.
  256: Cod. Sin. has, "Thou shalt be subject (upotaghsh-untouched by the corrector) to masters as a type[...]
  257: Inserted in Cod. Sin.
  258: Cod. Sin. has, "they should not."
  259: Comp. Eph. vi. 9.
  260: Comp. Rom. viii. 29, 30.
  261: Cod. Sin. has, "and not call."
  262: Cod. Sin. has, "in that which is incorruptible."
  263: Cod. Sin. has, "in things that are subject to death," but is corrected as above.
  264: Or, "the persons of the saints." Cod. Sin. omits this clause, but it is added by the corrector. [...]
  265: The text is here confused in all the editions; we have followed that of Dressel. Cod. Sin. is def[...]
  266: Cod. Sin. omits this quotation from Matt. v. 42. or Luke vi. 30, but it is added by a corrector. [...]
  267: Cod. Sin. has, "hate evil."
  268: Cod. Sin. inserts "and."
  269: Cod. Sin. omits this clause: it is inserted by a corrector.


  • Chapter XX.-The Way of Darkness.
  270: Literally, "of the Black One."
  271: Cod. Sin. joins "eternal" with way, instead of death.
  272: Cod. Sin. reads "transgressions."
  273: Cod. Sin. omits "magic, avarice."


  • Chapter XXI.-Conclusion.
  274: Cod. Sin. omits "therefore."
  275: The things condemned in the previous chapter.
  276: Cod. Sin. has "resurrections," but is corrected as above.
  277: Cod. Sin. has, "lawgivers of good things."
  278: Cod. Sin. omits the preposition.
  279: Cod. Sin. omits this.
  280: Cod. Sin. reads, "that ye may be found in the day of judgment," which Hilgenfeld adopts.
  281: Literally, "While yet the good vessel is with you," i.e., as long as you are in the body.
  282: Cod. sin. reads, "fail not in any one of yourselves," which is adopted by Hilgenfeld.
  283: Corrected in Cod. Sin. to, "it is worthy."
  284: Cod. Sin. omits this clause, but it is inserted by the corrector.
  285: Cod. Sin. omits "Amen," and adds at the close, "Epistle of Barnabas."


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