04-justi | keep-yours
bold = Main text
N. grey = Comment text
501 58 | serious matter in order to keep out of churches polyphonic
502 65 | can be a powerful aid in keeping the faithful from attending
503 81 | may diligently promote the knowledge, love and use of sacred
504 54 | dispositions. Everyone certainly knows that many polyphonic compositions,
505 70 | apostolic workers who are laboring strenuously in these extensive
506 17 | although sometimes slowly and laboriously, it has gradually progressed
507 55 | decades the indefatigable labors of experts have brought
508 67 | you. There is among you no lack of experts in this field
509 28 | hand to religious art. He lacks, as it were, that inward
510 69 | upon the throne, and to the Lamb, blessing and honor and
511 70 | has grown sufficiently, larger church buildings have been
512 | Later
513 4(1) | Motu proprio, Fra le sollecitudini, Acta Pii
514 7 | the sister of Moses, their leader, endowed with prophetic
515 83 | sacred music under your leadership may be influenced by Our
516 29 | is firm in his faith and leads a life worthy of a Christian,
517 50 | almost every country by learned writers, can effectively
518 | least
519 72 | converted might be more easily led to accept the truths of
520 4 | he accurately called the "legal code of sacred music1 may
521 82 | with this matter at some length. We are entirely confident
522 | less
523 22 | against anything that might lessen its dignity, since it is
524 | Let
525 47 | Furthermore, even where it is licit to use these exemptions,
526 31 | faithful in attendance from lifting their minds up to God from
527 59 | almost heavenly joy and it lifts them up powerfully to God
528 5 | created in His image and likeness.2 Together with the other
529 77 | remarkable facility in or liking for this art, the authorities
530 18 | remain within its proper limits and must prevent anything
531 20 | XIII 13 followed the same line. ~
532 29 | pleasingly in colors and lines or sounds and harmonies
533 26 | 25. Art certainly must be listed among the noblest manifestations
534 33 | many ancient and modern literary sources show, manifest themselves
535 40 | their conduct and their lives the dignity of their calling. ~
536 63 | character of different races and localities. ~
537 48 | the circumstances of the locality and the people, they believe
538 75 | men and women or girls, located in a place outside the sanctuary
539 52 | disappearance, but also any partial loss or distortion. ~
540 32 | consist in the fact that its lovely melodies and splendor beautify
541 58 | liturgical service or, finally, lower the skill and competence
542 8 | made of wood, on harps and lutes and timbrels and cornets
543 51 | Gregorian chant applies mainly to the Latin Roman Rite
544 74 | far as possible, in other major churches of your dioceses.
545 26 | listed among the noblest manifestations of human genius. Its purpose
546 39 | Therefore when We praised the manifold power and the apostolic
547 71 | praises of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Saints can be sung
548 49 | may rightly understand the meaning of the liturgical words
549 62 | the warning that, when the means and talent available are
550 25 | subjected to the end they are meant to attain, to the divine
551 | meantime
552 38 | language of the people, are memorized with almost no effort or
553 63 | are closely related to the mentality and temperament of individual
554 65 | the sacred services both mentally and vocally and to join
555 19 | In addition, not to mention numerous other Sovereign
556 72 | Missionaries should likewise be mindful of the fact that, from the
557 71 | Christ, the true God, to minimize or neglect entirely this
558 7 | from the earliest times. Miraculously preserved unharmed from
559 7 | victory to the Lord, and Miriam, the sister of Moses, their
560 76 | in your seminaries and in missionary or religious houses of study
561 19 | lascivious or impure is mixed with organ music or singing."11
562 14 | 13. From Rome, the Roman mode of singing gradually spread
563 25 | to attain, to the divine Model. Therefore even art and
564 55 | studied and proposed as models to be imitated and rivaled
565 53 | melodies of these chants, modified in accordance with the character
566 6 | science or the sense of proper modulation, is likewise given by God'
567 53 | oldest and most outstanding monuments of sacred music the liturgical
568 23 | whether they are religious or moral, since such rules seriously
569 6 | given by God's generosity to mortals having rational souls in
570 7 | and Miriam, the sister of Moses, their leader, endowed with
571 29 | worthy of a Christian, who is motivated by the love of God and reverently
572 4(1) | Motu proprio, Fra le sollecitudini,
573 59 | ceremonies of the Church. It moves the souls of the faithful
574 54 | of divine worship and of moving the faithful to religious
575 51 | the Ambrosian, Gallican or Mozarabic, or to the various eastern
576 34(17)| Confessions, Book X, chap. 33, MPL, XXXII, 799ff. ~
577 49 | tell something about the mystery of this most holy sacrifice.
578 85(27)| Letter to Donatus (Letter 1, n. 16) PL, IV, 227.~
579 | namely
580 70 | applies primarily to those nations where the Catholic religion
581 86 | 25, on the feast of the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ,
582 26 | for art's sake" entirely neglects the end for which every
583 | never
584 26 | must be listed among the noblest manifestations of human
585 37 | used in churches during non-liturgical services and ceremonies,
586 42 | form; from which its other note, universality, is derived."18 ~
587 27 | whim or some desire for novelty, it is in no way restricted
588 21 | Sacred Liturgy), issued November 20, 1947,16 have enriched
589 | Now
590 19 | addition, not to mention numerous other Sovereign Pontiffs,
591 81 | the Church's laws and due obedience to Ourselves. ~
592 76 | teachings and who are entirely obedient to the precepts and norms
593 45 | that these new compositions obey the laws proper to genuine
594 79 | commands and see that they are obeyed. If in any diocese there
595 23 | this score sacred music obeys laws and rules which are
596 19 | diligently fulfilled their obligation to be vigilant in this matter.
597 58 | and bombastic style, might obscure the sacred words of the
598 81 | religious harmonies, with due observance of the Church's laws and
599 19(11)| Session XXII: Decretum de observandis et evitandis in celebratione
600 86 | your care and to those who observe Our wishes and work to promote
601 51 | 50. It is quite obvious that what We have said briefly
602 28 | works of art in general, it obviously applies also to religious
603 66 | also, especially on the occasion of pious processions and
604 78 | down as they are by so many occupations, they cannot easily take
605 23 | years some artists, gravely offending against Christian piety,
606 26 | worth at all or is gravely offensive to God Himself, the Creator
607 73 | carefully use all the aids offered by the lofty function entrusted
608 35 | the voice of the priest offering up the Divine Victim, answering
609 32 | voices of the priest who offers Mass and of the Christian
610 36 | recitation of the Divine Office in choir. Thus the highest
611 53 | 52. Among the oldest and most outstanding monuments
612 86 | Our good will and as an omen of heavenly gifts to each
613 19(12)| Benedict XIV Annus qui, Opera omnia (Prati edition, vol. 17,
614 30 | this kind of artist. It opens wide the doors of its temples
615 19(12)| Benedict XIV Annus qui, Opera omnia (Prati edition, vol.
616 77 | may avail yourself of the opportunity to cultivate these gifts
617 2 | encyclical letter to give an orderly explanation of the topic
618 25 | 24. The ordination and direction of man to
619 53 | Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, with the help of
620 63 | hymns which derive their origin from the liturgical chant
621 6(3) | Epis. 161. De origine animae hominis, 1, 2; PL
622 7 | music have been used to ornament and decorate religious ceremonies.
623 25 | attain this supreme end, he ought to conform himself and through
624 21 | December 20, 1929,15 We ourself in the encyclical Mediator
625 26 | the reflection. Hence that outworn dictum "art for art's sake"
626 19(12)| Prati edition, vol. 17, 1, page 16). ~
627 31 | arts, such as architecture, painting and sculpture. These last
628 50 | these texts in books and pamphlets are available. These works,
629 8(6) | Cf. I Para. 23. 5; 25. 2-31. ~
630 52 | disappearance, but also any partial loss or distortion. ~
631 82 | 81. Moved by paternal solicitude, We have dealt
632 43 | called, as it were, its patrimony, is gloriously outstanding
633 9 | 8. St. Paul showed us clearly that sacred
634 70 | of the Lord's vineyard to pay careful attention to this
635 12 | testifying that after freedom and peace had been restored to the
636 4 | enriched - may ever more perfectly accomplish its mission. ~
637 39 | compositions, to teach them or to perform them by singing or using
638 10 | silenced even in times of persecution. ~
639 3 | the study of this art have persuaded Us that this step is timely. ~
640 18 | with genuine progress, and perverting it. ~
641 86 | Benediction. ~Given at St. Peter's in Rome, December 25,
642 66 | of pious processions and pilgrimages to shrines and at the time
643 47 | them transferred to other places without due permission of
644 23 | this deplorable conduct by plausible-looking arguments which they claim
645 60 | sacred music, so long as they play nothing profane nothing
646 7 | sang with the people while playing a tambourine.4 ~
647 85 | memory by good and your voice pleasant, approach this work according
648 49 | musical melodies, it has pleased Us to make Our own the exhortation
649 18 | ever more splendid and more pleasing to the Christian people.
650 29 | skillfully, beautifully and pleasingly in colors and lines or sounds
651 68 | that give chaste and pure pleasure, that foster and increase
652 86 | year 1955, the 17th of Our Pontificate. ~PIUS XII ~ ~
653 59 | rightly holds the principal position, since it is especially
654 37 | religious music. The Church has possessed such music from the beginning
655 53 | achieve good doctrinal and practical results. Thus eastern rite
656 39 | themselves to its study and practice. All who use the art they
657 71 | Christ the Lord and the praises of the Blessed Virgin Mary
658 52 | ceremonies and formulas of prayer the marvelous abundance
659 11 | psalms are sung, sermons are preached."10 ~
660 76 | entirely obedient to the precepts and norms of the Holy See. ~
661 45 | riches to preserve this precious treasure of Gregorian chant
662 31 | sculpture. These last serve to prepare a worthy setting for the
663 19 | February 19, 1749, which prepared for a Holy Year and was
664 76 | taken that those who are preparing for the reception of sacred
665 45 | chant possesses, will and prescribe that this be done. In the
666 23 | no different from those prescribed for all religious art and,
667 46 | 45. If these prescriptions are really observed in their
668 7 | earliest times. Miraculously preserved unharmed from the Red Sea
669 53 | they have been ordained priests. ~
670 59 | organ rightly holds the principal position, since it is especially
671 24 | in terms of the supreme principle of the final end, which
672 70 | matter as one of the serious problems of their ministry. ~
673 66 | on the occasion of pious processions and pilgrimages to shrines
674 10 | These words of the Roman proconsul in Bithynia show very clearly
675 17 | add dignity, majesty and a prodigious richness. ~
676 64 | as they are from the most profound depths of the people's soul,
677 17 | laboriously, it has gradually progressed from the simple and ingenuous
678 38 | carefully cultivated and promoted. ~
679 28 | closely bound to God and the promotion of His praise and glory,
680 47 | these exceptions extended or propagated more widely, nor do We wish
681 7 | their leader, endowed with prophetic inspiration, sang with the
682 55 | been carefully studied and proposed as models to be imitated
683 4(1) | Motu proprio, Fra le sollecitudini, Acta
684 22 | the Church, however, to protect sacred music against anything
685 13 | handed down by the elders and protected the purity and integrity
686 7 | religious ceremonies. This is proved by many documents, both
687 77 | this subject is taught, provided that the student manifests
688 48 | believe that (custom) cannot prudently be removed."21 The law by
689 68 | songs which because of the quality of their melodies or the
690 2 | more completely several questions which have been raised and
691 19(12)| letter of Benedict XIV Annus qui, Opera omnia (Prati edition,
692 63 | the character of different races and localities. ~
693 24 | Arguments of this kind raise a question which is certainly
694 64 | voice, they are powerful in raising the minds of the faithful
695 6 | generosity to mortals having rational souls in order to lead them
696 50 | be done more easily and readily in this age of ours than
697 84 | today has been brought to real heights of holiness and
698 | recently
699 76 | who are preparing for the reception of sacred orders in your
700 36 | ceremonies, particularly the recitation of the Divine Office in
701 73 | produced by what We have recommended and ordered in this encyclical,
702 38 | and adults during times of recreation. They give a kind of religious
703 7 | preserved unharmed from the Red Sea by God's power, the
704 26 | which it is, as it were, the reflection. Hence that outworn dictum "
705 21 | highest contribution to the reform and renewal of sacred music
706 65 | parts of the Mass, as We rejoice to know is being done in
707 63 | Since these are closely related to the mentality and temperament
708 18 | must insist that this art remain within its proper limits
709 48 | the language of the people remains in force, according to what
710 77 | house of study, anyone shows remarkable facility in or liking for
711 48 | custom) cannot prudently be removed."21 The law by which it
712 21 | contribution to the reform and renewal of sacred music when he
713 45 | who is rightly called the renewer of Gregorian chant, 19 and
714 38 | music. They are frequently repeated and completely understood.
715 68 | especially the young, and their replacement by songs that give chaste
716 3 | venerable brethren, have requested in our wisdom and also what
717 46 | observed in their entirety, the requirements of the other property of
718 36 | add another which closely resembles it, that is its function
719 85 | Let the sober banquet resound with Psalms. And if your
720 57 | the centuries, but always respecting the liturgical laws."23 ~
721 45(19)| Letter to Card. Respighi, Acta Pii X, loc. cit. 68-
722 79 | in the task of fulfilling responsibility. ~
723 21 | of sacred music when he restated the principles and standards
724 55 | experts have brought about a restoration. The works of the old composers
725 27 | novelty, it is in no way restricted or destroyed, but actually
726 8 | restored after the people's return from exile and was observed
727 15 | St. Gregory, the man who revived it. It attained new beauty
728 39 | Christ the Lord the generous rewards and honors of apostles for
729 86 | buoyed up by the hope of richer and more joyous fruits which
730 45 | dispensing the Church's riches to preserve this precious
731 55 | models to be imitated and rivaled by modern composers. ~
732 20(13)| August 2, 1828; Cf. Bullarium Romanum, Prati edition, ex Typ.
733 61 | profane or unbecoming to the sacredness of the place and function
734 49(22)| Trent, Session XXII, De Sacrificio Missae, C. VIII. ~
735 60 | they express the joyous and sad sentiments of the soul with
736 71 | Blessed Virgin Mary and the Saints can be sung in a language
737 26 | outworn dictum "art for art's sake" entirely neglects the end
738 8(5) | II Sam. 6. 5. ~
739 21 | Constitution Divini cultus sanctitatem (The Holiness of Divine
740 75 | located in a place outside the sanctuary set apart for the exclusive
741 46 | true art - will be duly satisfied. And if in Catholic churches
742 43 | within itself anything that savors of the profane nor allow
743 23 | art itself. They go on to say that artistic inspiration
744 6 | written: "Music, that is the science or the sense of proper modulation,
745 23 | 22. On this score sacred music obeys laws
746 11 | assemblies of the Christians "the Scriptures are read, the psalms are
747 31 | architecture, painting and sculpture. These last serve to prepare
748 7 | preserved unharmed from the Red Sea by God's power, the people
749 34 | by an indescribable and secret sympathy."17 ~
750 71 | Gospel in pagan lands should sedulously and willingly promote in
751 | seemed
752 53 | It is Our hope that the selection of sacred eastern rite hymns -
753 53 | results. Thus eastern rite seminarians, well trained in sacred
754 76 | of sacred orders in your seminaries and in missionary or religious
755 77 | these gifts further and send him either to the Pontifical
756 6 | that is the science or the sense of proper modulation, is
757 28 | works it directs to their senses of sight and hearing. Consequently
758 72 | when the Catholic Church sent preachers of the Gospel
759 75 | as the men are completely separated from the women and girls
760 23 | moral, since such rules seriously hurt the dignity of art
761 64 | a religious dignity and seriousness. When they are fashioned
762 11 | read, the psalms are sung, sermons are preached."10 ~
763 31 | sacred music, which is the servant, as it were, of the sacred
764 58 | conduct of the liturgical service or, finally, lower the skill
765 75 | place outside the sanctuary set apart for the exclusive
766 31 | serve to prepare a worthy setting for the sacred ceremonies.
767 | several
768 23 | art and place bonds and shackles on the activity of an inspired
769 50 | faithful to understand and share in what is said by the sacred
770 47 | universality of the Church may shine forth more powerfully every
771 64 | Despite the fact that they are short and easy, they should manifest
772 9 | 8. St. Paul showed us clearly that sacred chant
773 66 | processions and pilgrimages to shrines and at the time of national
774 28 | directs to their senses of sight and hearing. Consequently
775 53 | sacred chant, can make a significant contribution to enhancing
776 10 | singing was not completely silenced even in times of persecution. ~
777 56 | rite. Likewise We know that simpler but genuinely artistic polyphonic
778 18 | musical art clearly shows how sincerely the Church has desired to
779 7 | the Lord, and Miriam, the sister of Moses, their leader,
780 69 | forever in heaven: "To Him who sits upon the throne, and to
781 58 | service or, finally, lower the skill and competence of the singers
782 29 | the piety he possesses so skillfully, beautifully and pleasingly
783 43 | allow any such thing to slip into the melodies in which
784 17 | journey, although sometimes slowly and laboriously, it has
785 61 | they can contribute in no small way to the splendor of the
786 56 | compositions are often sung even in smaller churches. ~
787 85 | of to Donatus, "Let the sober banquet resound with Psalms.
788 66 | girls in Catholic truth, in societies for youth and in meetings
789 39 | source of great joy and solace to all who have in any way
790 37 | outside churches at various solemnities and celebrations. ~
791 65 | Masses that are not sung solemnly these hymns can be a powerful
792 25 | perfection of God Himself is so solid that not even God could
793 4(1) | Motu proprio, Fra le sollecitudini, Acta Pii X, I, 77. ~
794 | sometimes
795 2 | topic and also to answer somewhat more completely several
796 33 | ancient and modern literary sources show, manifest themselves
797 65 | Sacrifice like dumb and idle spectators. They can help to make the
798 18 | divine worship ever more splendid and more pleasing to the
799 14 | mode of singing gradually spread to other parts of the West.
800 12 | 11. There are many statements of the fathers and ecclesiastical
801 3 | have persuaded Us that this step is timely. ~
802 64 | emotions and spirit and stir up pious sentiments. When
803 34 | chant by which they are stirred up by an indescribable and
804 28 | truths of the faith or who strays far from God in his attitude
805 4 | shown in a new light and strengthened by new proofs. We hope that
806 31 | religious art apply in a stricter and holier way to sacred
807 60 | profane nothing clamorous or strident and nothing at variance
808 60 | themselves or with other stringed instruments or with the
809 84 | to the Triune God with stronger faith, more flourishing
810 77 | taught, provided that the student manifests the qualities
811 55 | composers have been carefully studied and proposed as models to
812 53 | Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, with the help of the Pontifical
813 58 | its heavy and bombastic style, might obscure the sacred
814 25 | among themselves and duly subjected to the end they are meant
815 70 | of Christians has grown sufficiently, larger church buildings
816 49 | be done particularly on Sundays and holy days."22 ~
817 83 | that whoever in the Church supervises and directs the work of
818 34 | indescribable and secret sympathy."17 ~
819 7 | the people while playing a tambourine.4 ~
820 39 | musical compositions, to teach them or to perform them
821 73 | the Church. As experience teaches, these aids are employed
822 76 | traditional customs and teachings and who are entirely obedient
823 22 | up laws of aesthetics or technical rules that apply to the
824 49 | and, among other things, tell something about the mystery
825 63 | related to the mentality and temperament of individual national groups,
826 28 | and faith that befit God's temple and His holiness, even though
827 30 | opens wide the doors of its temples to them because what these
828 38 | these sacred hymns at a tender age, are greatly helped
829 24 | which must be decided in terms of the supreme principle
830 10 | 9. Pliny testifies that the same thing held
831 12 | and ecclesiastical writers testifying that after freedom and peace
832 86 | exhortation of Ours, as a testimony of Our good will and as
833 | though
834 69 | To Him who sits upon the throne, and to the Lamb, blessing
835 8 | on harps and lutes and timbrels and cornets and cymbals."5
836 3 | persuaded Us that this step is timely. ~
837 84 | Church's history and which today has been brought to real
838 59 | grandeur and sweetness of its tones. It gives minds an almost
839 50 | texts into the vernacular tongues and explanations of these
840 72 | by the light of faith, it took care to bring into those
841 2 | orderly explanation of the topic and also to answer somewhat
842 13 | 12. According to tradition, Our predecessor of happy
843 76 | this field, who esteem the traditional customs and teachings and
844 46 | that the Gregorian chant traditionally associated with the Latin
845 53 | eastern rite seminarians, well trained in sacred chant, can make
846 47 | do We wish to have them transferred to other places without
847 50 | possible in times past, because translations of the liturgical texts
848 45 | to preserve this precious treasure of Gregorian chant diligently
849 52 | liturgical chants, preserve treasures which must be guarded and
850 66 | boys and girls in Catholic truth, in societies for youth
851 23 | right rules of art. They try to justify this deplorable
852 38 | 37. The tunes of these hymns, which are
853 28 | or conduct should never turn his hand to religious art.
854 28 | faithful the greatest aid in turning their minds piously to God
855 20(13)| Romanum, Prati edition, ex Typ. Aldina, IX, 139ff. ~
856 16 | willingly admitted this type of music even in the Roman
857 12 | gradually created and new types of songs were invented.
858 47 | 46. We are not unaware that, for serious reasons,
859 57 | Pius X, says, the Church "unceasingly encourages and favors the
860 25 | from it. This eternal and unchangeable law commands that man himself
861 38 | repeated and completely understood. Hence even boys and girls,
862 39 | using musical instruments, undoubtedly exercise in many ways a
863 62 | and talent available are unequal to the task, it is better
864 7 | Miraculously preserved unharmed from the Red Sea by God'
865 33 | to God by the Church in union with Christ, its Head. Sacred
866 61 | achieve extraordinary and unusual effects, then our churches
867 62 | something which would be unworthy of divine worship and sacred
868 67 | Hence We can do no less than urge you, venerable brethren,
869 70 | sacred ministers. Still We urgently exhort apostolic workers
870 66 | They can be especially useful, as experience has shown,
871 29 | love of God and reverently uses the powers the Creator has
872 | using
873 64 | be free from violent and vain excess of words. Despite
874 34 | affections of our soul in their variety have modes of their own
875 35 | priest offering up the Divine Victim, answering him joyfully
876 7 | people of God sang a song of victory to the Lord, and Miriam,
877 45 | and taught, We also, in view of the outstanding qualities
878 20 | predecessors Leo XII, Pius VII, Gregory XVI, Pius IX, and
879 49(22)| De Sacrificio Missae, C. VIII. ~
880 70 | extensive parts of the Lord's vineyard to pay careful attention
881 64 | melody and must be free from violent and vain excess of words.
882 60 | the place. Among these the violin and other musical instruments
883 71 | the praises of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Saints can
884 77 | manifests the qualities and virtues upon which one can base
885 28 | artist who is endowed with visible talent. Thus he cannot hope
886 65 | services both mentally and vocally and to join their own piety
887 19(12)| Opera omnia (Prati edition, vol. 17, 1, page 16). ~
888 68 | melodies or the frequently voluptuous and lascivious words that
889 85 | produce even outside the walls of churches - in Christian
890 47 | Apostolic See. We do not want these exceptions extended
891 58 | 57. These laws warn that great prudence and
892 42 | Pius X has already wisely warned us - "must possess proper
893 62 | be necessary to add the warning that, when the means and
894 79 | chant who could carefully watch over what is being done
895 39 | undoubtedly exercise in many ways a true and genuine apostolate.
896 78 | this important area which, weighed down as they are by so many
897 30 | their art and industry is a welcome and important help to the
898 | well
899 53 | the musical works of the Western Church itself. It is Our
900 | whatever
901 | wherever
902 | whether
903 | while
904 27 | accordance with his own whim or some desire for novelty,
905 | whoever
906 | whole
907 | whose
908 30 | kind of artist. It opens wide the doors of its temples
909 3 | brethren, have requested in our wisdom and also what has been asked
910 47 | propagated more widely, nor do We wish to have them transferred
911 86 | to those who observe Our wishes and work to promote sacred
912 8 | manner of instruments made of wood, on harps and lutes and
913 70 | urgently exhort apostolic workers who are laboring strenuously
914 53 | Sacred Music, is busily working to complete - will achieve
915 68 | namely the disappearance of worldly songs which because of the
916 26 | this dictum either has no worth at all or is gravely offensive
917 45 | should be performed properly, worthily and reverently. And if,
918 10 | after apostolic times. He writes that apostates from the
919 23 | inspiration is free and that it is wrong to impose upon it laws and
920 26 | creature is made. Some people wrongly assert that art should be
921 9 | Divine Redeemer when he wrote to the Ephesians: "Be filled
922 20 | Gregory XVI, Pius IX, and Leo XIII 13 followed the same line. ~
923 20 | Leo XII, Pius VII, Gregory XVI, Pius IX, and Leo XIII 13
924 34(17)| Book X, chap. 33, MPL, XXXII, 799ff. ~
925 6(3) | animae hominis, 1, 2; PL XXXIII, 725. ~
926 | yet
927 | yourself
|