Canon 1405

1. Whoever has legislative power can also issue penal laws insofar as they are truly necessary to provide more aptly for ecclesiastical discipline; he can also by his own laws strengthen

with a suitable penalty divine law or ecclesiastical law enacted

by higher authority, observing the territorial and personal limitations of his competence. 2. Particular law may add additional penalties to the penalties established in common law for a

certain offense, but this shall not be done except for a very

serious reason. If, however, common law has established an indeterminate or facultative penalty, particular law can establish

in its place a determinate or obligatory penalty. 3. Patriarchs and eparchial bishops shall take care that particular penal

laws be uniform in the same territory, to the extent that this is

possible.