Canon 1414

1. Only those are subject to penalties who have violated a

penal law or a penal precept, either by deliberate action or by

seriously culpable omission of due diligence, or by seriously

culpable ignorance of the law or precept. 2. Once the external

violation of a penal law or penal precept has occurred, it is

presumed that it was a deliberate act, until the contrary is

proven. In respect to other laws or precepts this is presumed

only if the law or precept is violated again after a penal warning.